Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.7225/toms.v11.n02.w01
O. Aydin, M. Celik, Samet Bicen, Dincer Bayer
This study proposes a methodology to deeply analyze the multi-source inspection/audit findings gathered from a ship fleet to promote and implement proactive measures systematically. In addition to the ship audit reports of Company-A operating 16 bulk carriers in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, the multi-source inspection database also consists of benchmarking datasets of different fleets. The Ship Smart Audit System (SSAS), including data collection, causation, analysis and prioritization, and implementation phases, is developed to strengthen the maritime regulatory compliance. Particularly, the Marine Systematic Cause Analysis Technique (M-SCAT), Cognitive Mapping (CM), and Pareto analysis are integrated into methodological background of the study. The SSAS is demonstrated with 5,000 findings from the benchmarking dataset and, subsequently, over 1,900 findings from the Company-A. Then, cause priorities, root cause trends, preventive actions, and audit item preferences are identified as an interconnected process of the ship management company. Consequently, the study encourages maritime executives to increase the effectiveness of pre-inspection and internal audit implementations.
{"title":"Systematic Analysis of Multi-Source Inspection Database via Ship Smart Audit System","authors":"O. Aydin, M. Celik, Samet Bicen, Dincer Bayer","doi":"10.7225/toms.v11.n02.w01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v11.n02.w01","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a methodology to deeply analyze the multi-source inspection/audit findings gathered from a ship fleet to promote and implement proactive measures systematically. In addition to the ship audit reports of Company-A operating 16 bulk carriers in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, the multi-source inspection database also consists of benchmarking datasets of different fleets. The Ship Smart Audit System (SSAS), including data collection, causation, analysis and prioritization, and implementation phases, is developed to strengthen the maritime regulatory compliance. Particularly, the Marine Systematic Cause Analysis Technique (M-SCAT), Cognitive Mapping (CM), and Pareto analysis are integrated into methodological background of the study. The SSAS is demonstrated with 5,000 findings from the benchmarking dataset and, subsequently, over 1,900 findings from the Company-A. Then, cause priorities, root cause trends, preventive actions, and audit item preferences are identified as an interconnected process of the ship management company. Consequently, the study encourages maritime executives to increase the effectiveness of pre-inspection and internal audit implementations.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74501985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.7225/toms.v11.n01.w04
R. Mulić, Joško Radošević, P. Vidan, N. Poljak
Due to nature of their profession, seafarers visit many ports in different parts of the world and are thus exposed to various infectious diseases. And yet, chronic non-communicable diseases, malignant illnesses and accidents have lately become an important cause of death among the seafarers. Although before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak the communicable disease outbreaks were becoming less common, their share in seafarer morbidity remains significant. The aim of this research is to determine the most common infectious risks/contagious diseases on ships. The Medline and Scopus databases have been searched using the following key words: seafarers, infectious diseases, morbidity, mortality. The information sources include relevant literature, as well as national and international regulations on preventive measures against infectious diseases. At the global level no national or international surveillance systems exist on infectious disease occurrences on ships. There are only a few exceptions. However, based on some available individual and group research, conclusions may be drawn concerning the most important diseases in seafarer pathology. Of communicable/infectious diseases on ships, the most important ones are the acute respiratory illnesses, including the COVID-19 disease, followed by food poisoning/acute gastroenteritis, vector-borne diseases and HIV as the most common sexually transmitted disease in the past 20 years. Estimating the threat from infectious diseases in seafarers depends on the type and trade of vessels. For COVID 19 and other respiratory infections, as well as food poisoning, risks are higher on cruise ships and passenger ships than on cargo ships. For better understanding of the issue, we need internationally co-ordinated studies and well organised surveillance systems.
{"title":"Infectious Risks on Different Types of Ships with Reference to the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"R. Mulić, Joško Radošević, P. Vidan, N. Poljak","doi":"10.7225/toms.v11.n01.w04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v11.n01.w04","url":null,"abstract":"Due to nature of their profession, seafarers visit many ports in different parts of the world and are thus exposed to various infectious diseases. And yet, chronic non-communicable diseases, malignant illnesses and accidents have lately become an important cause of death among the seafarers. Although before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak the communicable disease outbreaks were becoming less common, their share in seafarer morbidity remains significant. The aim of this research is to determine the most common infectious risks/contagious diseases on ships.\u0000The Medline and Scopus databases have been searched using the following key words: seafarers, infectious diseases, morbidity, mortality. The information sources include relevant literature, as well as national and international regulations on preventive measures against infectious diseases.\u0000At the global level no national or international surveillance systems exist on infectious disease occurrences on ships. There are only a few exceptions. However, based on some available individual and group research, conclusions may be drawn concerning the most important diseases in seafarer pathology. Of communicable/infectious diseases on ships, the most important ones are the acute respiratory illnesses, including the COVID-19 disease, followed by food poisoning/acute gastroenteritis, vector-borne diseases and HIV as the most common sexually transmitted disease in the past 20 years.\u0000Estimating the threat from infectious diseases in seafarers depends on the type and trade of vessels. For COVID 19 and other respiratory infections, as well as food poisoning, risks are higher on cruise ships and passenger ships than on cargo ships. For better understanding of the issue, we need internationally co-ordinated studies and well organised surveillance systems.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85604037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.7225/toms.v11.n01.015
Fernando González Laxe, Federico Martín Bermúdez, Federico Martín Palmero
The objective of this paper is to identify the approaches and the Code of Good Practices related to the four dimensions of sustainability (economic, social, environmental, and institutional) in the port sector and provide a framework for action based on transparency, monitoring of indicators, and accountability for the future development of sustainable initiatives. Concerns and demands for greater commitment have been increasing in recent years; however, there are still wide divergences regarding the use of indexes. The key performance indicators are presented based on economic, institutional, social and environmental dimensions and an analysis is made of the different elements needed to efficiently address the decision-making process for a modern strategic approach to ports.
{"title":"Good Practices in Strategic Port Performance","authors":"Fernando González Laxe, Federico Martín Bermúdez, Federico Martín Palmero","doi":"10.7225/toms.v11.n01.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v11.n01.015","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to identify the approaches and the Code of Good Practices related to the four dimensions of sustainability (economic, social, environmental, and institutional) in the port sector and provide a framework for action based on transparency, monitoring of indicators, and accountability for the future development of sustainable initiatives. Concerns and demands for greater commitment have been increasing in recent years; however, there are still wide divergences regarding the use of indexes. \u0000The key performance indicators are presented based on economic, institutional, social and environmental dimensions and an analysis is made of the different elements needed to efficiently address the decision-making process for a modern strategic approach to ports.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90581300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.7225/toms.v11.n01.w07
Vivien Lorenčič
The marine ecosystem is necessary to be monitored as it is exposed to externalities and pollutants that affect biodiversity and the state of the underwater structures. There is a demand for a better, more dynamic, and safe monitoring approach to underwater research and inspection. The unmanned underwater vehicles are becoming a reachable and intuitive tool for underwater inspection, such as for the inspection of the marine hull of vessels, bridges, foundations, piers, pylons, and other support structures in ports. The main advantage of the use of the remotely operated underwater drone is cost and time-efficiency, as they allow to obtain information in a fast and safe way in real-time. In this paper we investigate the possibility of the use of a remotely operated underwater drone Power Ray for seabed observation and underwater structures inspection. It describes the re-sults of the field research collected from the use of low-cost underwater drone Power Ray. The data collected with an underwater drone presents footages of different underwater structures and areas in order to document the seabed state and underwater structures. Additionally, this article provides an overview of the problems in underwater inspection and monitoring, and possibilities offered by remotely operated vehicle Power Ray in solv-ing them. The results of the paper are not unique to working with a low-cost drone, but are illustrative of the challenges and problems that new users are likely to encounter when using this technology.
{"title":"Seabed Surveillance and Underwater Structures Inspection with Remotely Operated Vehicle − Power Ray","authors":"Vivien Lorenčič","doi":"10.7225/toms.v11.n01.w07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v11.n01.w07","url":null,"abstract":"The marine ecosystem is necessary to be monitored as it is exposed to externalities and pollutants that affect biodiversity and the state of the underwater structures. There is a demand for a better, more dynamic, and safe monitoring approach to underwater research and inspection. The unmanned underwater vehicles are becoming a reachable and intuitive tool for underwater inspection, such as for the inspection of the marine hull of vessels, bridges, foundations, piers, pylons, and other support structures in ports. The main advantage of the use of the remotely operated underwater drone is cost and time-efficiency, as they allow to obtain information in a fast and safe way in real-time. In this paper we investigate the possibility of the use of a remotely operated underwater drone Power Ray for seabed observation and underwater structures inspection. It describes the re-sults of the field research collected from the use of low-cost underwater drone Power Ray. The data collected with an underwater drone presents footages of different underwater structures and areas in order to document the seabed state and underwater structures. Additionally, this article provides an overview of the problems in underwater inspection and monitoring, and possibilities offered by remotely operated vehicle Power Ray in solv-ing them. The results of the paper are not unique to working with a low-cost drone, but are illustrative of the challenges and problems that new users are likely to encounter when using this technology.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80311550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.7225/toms.v11.n01.w09
D. Ozturk, C. Delen, S. E. Belhenniche, O. Kinaci
The appropriate choice of a marine engine identified by using self-propulsion model tests is compulsory, in particular with respect to the improvement of vessel performances. Numerical simulations or experimental methods provide insight into the problem of flow, where fixed pitch propellers or controllable pitch propellers are preferred. While calculation methods are time consuming and computationally demanding for both propeller types, hydrodynamic performance assessment has more workload in controllable pitch propellers. This paper aims to describe and demonstrate the practicability and effectiveness of the self-propulsion estimation (SPE) method in understanding the effect of propeller pitch on ship propulsion. Technically, the hydrostatic and geometric characteristics of the vessel and open-water propeller performances are the focal aspects that affect the self-propulsion parameters estimated by the SPE method. The input coefficients for SPE have been identified using a code that generates propeller open-water performance curves. The propellers utilized to study pitch variations have been based on the Wageningen B-series propeller database. The method was first validated on the full size Seiun Maru ship whose sea trial tests are available in literature. After extensive calculations for full size KCS and DTC at service speeds, the study focused on the effect of the Froude number on propulsion parameters. These calculations have demonstrated that greater propeller pitch does not improve propulsion efficiency, and that maximum propeller efficiency changes with a ship's forward speed.
{"title":"Effect of Propeller Pitch on Ship Propulsion","authors":"D. Ozturk, C. Delen, S. E. Belhenniche, O. Kinaci","doi":"10.7225/toms.v11.n01.w09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v11.n01.w09","url":null,"abstract":"The appropriate choice of a marine engine identified by using self-propulsion model tests is compulsory, in particular with respect to the improvement of vessel performances. Numerical simulations or experimental methods provide insight into the problem of flow, where fixed pitch propellers or controllable pitch propellers are preferred. While calculation methods are time consuming and computationally demanding for both propeller types, hydrodynamic performance assessment has more workload in controllable pitch propellers. This paper aims to describe and demonstrate the practicability and effectiveness of the self-propulsion estimation (SPE) method in understanding the effect of propeller pitch on ship propulsion. Technically, the hydrostatic and geometric characteristics of the vessel and open-water propeller performances are the focal aspects that affect the self-propulsion parameters estimated by the SPE method. The input coefficients for SPE have been identified using a code that generates propeller open-water performance curves. The propellers utilized to study pitch variations have been based on the Wageningen B-series propeller database. The method was first validated on the full size Seiun Maru ship whose sea trial tests are available in literature. After extensive calculations for full size KCS and DTC at service speeds, the study focused on the effect of the Froude number on propulsion parameters. These calculations have demonstrated that greater propeller pitch does not improve propulsion efficiency, and that maximum propeller efficiency changes with a ship's forward speed.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76986090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.7225/toms.v11.n01.021
Ermal Xhelilaj, K. Lapa
The main feature of the political relations, developed among the coastal states with strong interests over the North Pole region and the Arctic Ocean, have been the frequent interstate disputes over the last fifty years, as well as the efforts of these Arctic states during this period to cooperate in so that the sovereignty and sovereign rights of each coastal state over this region turn into a common benefit for the entire international community. Consequently, sovereignty and sovereign rights are considered fundamental factors for interstate relations in the Arctic Ocean region, for which coastal states have historically been willing to engage in political or military conflicts. The Arctic Ocean, including North Pole maritime region, is governed by customary international law and the law of the sea, which are largely represented by UNCLOS (1982) and the Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Sea (1958). Four Arctic coastal states, Canada, Norway, Denmark, and Russia have ratified these international conventions, while the US accepts its main provisions as norms of customary international law, but is also in the process of ratifying UNCLOS. The purpose of this article is to analyze and discuss the legal, practical, and political situation regarding the delimitation of maritime zones in the North Pole region and the Arctic Ocean, addressing interstate disputes over the major economic, strategic and geopolitical interests of this maritime area in the context of international security.
{"title":"Territorial Claims in North Polar Maritime Zone in View of International Security","authors":"Ermal Xhelilaj, K. Lapa","doi":"10.7225/toms.v11.n01.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v11.n01.021","url":null,"abstract":"The main feature of the political relations, developed among the coastal states with strong interests over the North Pole region and the Arctic Ocean, have been the frequent interstate disputes over the last fifty years, as well as the efforts of these Arctic states during this period to cooperate in so that the sovereignty and sovereign rights of each coastal state over this region turn into a common benefit for the entire international community. Consequently, sovereignty and sovereign rights are considered fundamental factors for interstate relations in the Arctic Ocean region, for which coastal states have historically been willing to engage in political or military conflicts. The Arctic Ocean, including North Pole maritime region, is governed by customary international law and the law of the sea, which are largely represented by UNCLOS (1982) and the Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Sea (1958). Four Arctic coastal states, Canada, Norway, Denmark, and Russia have ratified these international conventions, while the US accepts its main provisions as norms of customary international law, but is also in the process of ratifying UNCLOS. The purpose of this article is to analyze and discuss the legal, practical, and political situation regarding the delimitation of maritime zones in the North Pole region and the Arctic Ocean, addressing interstate disputes over the major economic, strategic and geopolitical interests of this maritime area in the context of international security.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73203611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.7225/toms.v11.n01.012
O. Ozguc
Fatigue damage is known to occur more commonly in certain ship types and hull construction element categories. The significance of prospective fatigue damage is proportional to the number of potential damage points of the investigated type for the ship structure in question, as well as the consequences of such damage. The present study introduces an overview of different fatigue analysis methods and provides advice on the accuracy of different methods for different locations on a vessel and a ranking of the methods. A probabilistic analysis of hopper knuckle fatigue analysis is supported by example uncertainty calculations, using four different fatigue methods for the hopper knuckle of an oil tanker vessel. The calculation of bias and uncertainty is supported by creating input to PROBAN tool, where the uncertainty calculations are being performed. The calculations show that the resulting fatigue damage distributions vary significantly. The median (50%) varies between 0.7 and 1.1 for the four methods, where 1.0 is the assumed correct damage for the calculations. The most probable damage varies between 0.4 and 0.9 for the four methods.
{"title":"Probabilistic Analysis Approach of Uncertainties in Fatigue Life Simulations of an Oil Tanker Vessel","authors":"O. Ozguc","doi":"10.7225/toms.v11.n01.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v11.n01.012","url":null,"abstract":"Fatigue damage is known to occur more commonly in certain ship types and hull construction element categories. The significance of prospective fatigue damage is proportional to the number of potential damage points of the investigated type for the ship structure in question, as well as the consequences of such damage. The present study introduces an overview of different fatigue analysis methods and provides advice on the accuracy of different methods for different locations on a vessel and a ranking of the methods. A probabilistic analysis of hopper knuckle fatigue analysis is supported by example uncertainty calculations, using four different fatigue methods for the hopper knuckle of an oil tanker vessel. The calculation of bias and uncertainty is supported by creating input to PROBAN tool, where the uncertainty calculations are being performed. The calculations show that the resulting fatigue damage distributions vary significantly. The median (50%) varies between 0.7 and 1.1 for the four methods, where 1.0 is the assumed correct damage for the calculations. The most probable damage varies between 0.4 and 0.9 for the four methods.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85122753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.7225/toms.v11.n01.019
Mohit Gupta, S. Shanthakumar
Seafarers work in an environment of hardship and isolation. Abandonment is one of the major challenges faced by seafarers onboard vessels. Abandonment of seafarers broadly refers to the act of unilateral severance of ties by the shipowner with the seafarers’ onboard ship, whereby the shipowner causes a breach of fundamental obligations owed towards seafarers. Abandonment is one of the shady practices of the shipping industry, where seafarers are subjected to cruel, inhuman, and life-threatening conditions. For the last two decades, ILO and IMO have been working together to develop a legal framework to protect abandoned seafarers. As per the data on abandonment available on ILO Database, in the year 2020, more than 1200 seafarers were abandoned.These figures raise serious questions regarding the effectiveness of the present legal regime in resolving the abandonment situations. Legally speaking abandoned seafarer has plenty of avenues to seek assistance. They can approach flag state, port state, state of nationality, or seek relief through admiralty courts. In addition to these, the abandoned seafarer can also approach financial security provider for abandonment, the provisions related to which were added in MLC, 2006 by 2014 amendments. As the problem of abandonment constantly persists in the shipping sector, and the time taken to resolve the situation is often very long, the present paper will assess the flag state's role in protecting abandoned seafarers. The challenges that the flag state has to face in discharge its responsibilities towards abandoned seafarers have also been discussed in the Paper.
{"title":"Seafarer Abandonment and Vessel’s Flag State Role Analysis","authors":"Mohit Gupta, S. Shanthakumar","doi":"10.7225/toms.v11.n01.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v11.n01.019","url":null,"abstract":"Seafarers work in an environment of hardship and isolation. Abandonment is one of the major challenges faced by seafarers onboard vessels. Abandonment of seafarers broadly refers to the act of unilateral severance of ties by the shipowner with the seafarers’ onboard ship, whereby the shipowner causes a breach of fundamental obligations owed towards seafarers. Abandonment is one of the shady practices of the shipping industry, where seafarers are subjected to cruel, inhuman, and life-threatening conditions. For the last two decades, ILO and IMO have been working together to develop a legal framework to protect abandoned seafarers.\u0000As per the data on abandonment available on ILO Database, in the year 2020, more than 1200 seafarers were abandoned.These figures raise serious questions regarding the effectiveness of the present legal regime in resolving the abandonment situations. Legally speaking abandoned seafarer has plenty of avenues to seek assistance. They can approach flag state, port state, state of nationality, or seek relief through admiralty courts. In addition to these, the abandoned seafarer can also approach financial security provider for abandonment, the provisions related to which were added in MLC, 2006 by 2014 amendments.\u0000As the problem of abandonment constantly persists in the shipping sector, and the time taken to resolve the situation is often very long, the present paper will assess the flag state's role in protecting abandoned seafarers. The challenges that the flag state has to face in discharge its responsibilities towards abandoned seafarers have also been discussed in the Paper.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78756451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.7225/toms.v11.n01.w01
I. Burmaka, I. Vorokhobin, O. Melnyk, Oleksii Burmaka, Sergii V. Sagin
One of the most important challenges of modern shipping is the problem of improving the level of safety at sea and enhancing accident-free ship operation. World fleet accident rates have a direct impact on both the safety of human life at sea and on the environment. Ship collisions have a particular place in accident statistics. They are caused by increasing ship deadweight, growing speeds, dense traffic and the presence of navigational hazards, which, combined, considerably increase navigation complexity, especially in coastal and restricted waters. These factors contribute to emergencies, incidents and situations, which, in turn, are characterized by rapidly changing circumstances. The aforementioned features of the navigation process call for the development and application of modern methods of operation and flexible evaluation of the situation at hand, as well as for the development of new approaches to evasive maneuver selection, including computer and information technologies, to ensure the safety of navigation. Thus, the development of modern methods and ways of prompt selection of an appropriate evasive maneuver to alter a ship's course or speed, which is the subject of this paper, is an important research trend. The paper also proposes a method of prompt evasive maneuver selection to prevent collisions by altering the ship's course or reducing its speed by active and passive braking. Analytical expressions used to calculate the limits of unacceptable ship course and ship speed values, taking into account the braking mode, are presented. The author's recommended optimum evasive maneuver is presented, and a technique of prompt evasive maneuver selection aimed at altering a ship’s course or speed by active and passive braking is developed.
{"title":"Method of Prompt Evasive Manuever Selection to Alter Ship's Course or Speed","authors":"I. Burmaka, I. Vorokhobin, O. Melnyk, Oleksii Burmaka, Sergii V. Sagin","doi":"10.7225/toms.v11.n01.w01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v11.n01.w01","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important challenges of modern shipping is the problem of improving the level of safety at sea and enhancing accident-free ship operation. World fleet accident rates have a direct impact on both the safety of human life at sea and on the environment. Ship collisions have a particular place in accident statistics. They are caused by increasing ship deadweight, growing speeds, dense traffic and the presence of navigational hazards, which, combined, considerably increase navigation complexity, especially in coastal and restricted waters. These factors contribute to emergencies, incidents and situations, which, in turn, are characterized by rapidly changing circumstances. The aforementioned features of the navigation process call for the development and application of modern methods of operation and flexible evaluation of the situation at hand, as well as for the development of new approaches to evasive maneuver selection, including computer and information technologies, to ensure the safety of navigation. Thus, the development of modern methods and ways of prompt selection of an appropriate evasive maneuver to alter a ship's course or speed, which is the subject of this paper, is an important research trend. The paper also proposes a method of prompt evasive maneuver selection to prevent collisions by altering the ship's course or reducing its speed by active and passive braking. Analytical expressions used to calculate the limits of unacceptable ship course and ship speed values, taking into account the braking mode, are presented. The author's recommended optimum evasive maneuver is presented, and a technique of prompt evasive maneuver selection aimed at altering a ship’s course or speed by active and passive braking is developed.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"210 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88653750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.7225/toms.v11.n01.w10
Murat Pamik, M. Bayraktar, Olgun Konur, M. Nuran
The existence of energy is essential to countries striving to survive, both socially and economically. In this context, countries establish different types of power plants and use alternative energy resource,s such as solar and wind power, to meet their energy needs. Establishing power plants and using alternative energy resources are tough for some regions, such as Middle Eastern, African, and Asian countries. Thereby Powerships have been developed due to the consideration that these countries suffer from energy deficiency and encounter difficulties in building land power plants. In this study, the emergence of Powerships, providing electricity to energy-deficient countries and the successful launch strategies, are investigated. A single revelatory case study concept is used to understand what exactly the Powerships are, where they operate, positive and negative situations encountered during operation, as well as economic benefits compared to other systems. In this context, together with the intensive literature review, semi-structured interview questions are prepared for several company officials and former employees and detailed evaluations are described in the Powerships operation process. Semi-structured interview questions results are evaluated and discussed with a view to understanding how the company has successfully launched its innovative product to the energy market. This article will, we hope, represent a significant resource for experts, academics, and companies working on floating energy power plants in the future.
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