Pub Date : 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137329
Xiaojuan Cui , Xiaohan Cui , Qizhi Zhu , Shuaikang Yin , Xin Shi , Lewen Zhang , Benli Yu , Yang Hong , Weidong Chen
A new sensor system using tunable laser absorption spectroscopy (TLAS) technology and a quantum cascade laser (QCL) has been developed to rapidly and precisely measure atmospheric CO2 levels and its stable isotope ratios. The sensor can detect CO2 levels as low as 0.219 ppm within 116 ss. It achieved measurement precisions of 0.256 ‰ for δ13C and 0.293 ‰ for δ18O at 95 ss. This system used the weighted Kalman filtering algorithm for the first time, resulting in a 7-fold improvement in precision for δ13C and δ18O measurements within a 1-s integration time. This improvement is comparable to the precision obtained by the standard averaging technique after 95 ss. Multiple measurements near the laboratory showed average values of −9.19 ± 0.29 ‰ for δ13C and −1.46 ± 0.34 ‰ for δ18O in the atmosphere. The successful development of this gas sensor lays the foundation for its future application in atmospheric CO2 tracing.
{"title":"Rapid and precise measurement of atmospheric CO2 and its isotopic ratios using a mid-infrared gas sensor","authors":"Xiaojuan Cui , Xiaohan Cui , Qizhi Zhu , Shuaikang Yin , Xin Shi , Lewen Zhang , Benli Yu , Yang Hong , Weidong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new sensor system using tunable laser absorption spectroscopy (TLAS) technology and a quantum cascade laser (QCL) has been developed to rapidly and precisely measure atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> levels and its stable isotope ratios. The sensor can detect CO<sub>2</sub> levels as low as 0.219 ppm within 116 ss. It achieved measurement precisions of 0.256 ‰ for δ<sup>13</sup>C and 0.293 ‰ for δ<sup>18</sup>O at 95 ss. This system used the weighted Kalman filtering algorithm for the first time, resulting in a 7-fold improvement in precision for δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>18</sup>O measurements within a 1-s integration time. This improvement is comparable to the precision obtained by the standard averaging technique after 95 ss. Multiple measurements near the laboratory showed average values of −9.19 ± 0.29 ‰ for δ<sup>13</sup>C and −1.46 ± 0.34 ‰ for δ<sup>18</sup>O in the atmosphere. The successful development of this gas sensor lays the foundation for its future application in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> tracing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"430 ","pages":"Article 137329"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137359
Wenyuan Yang , Yangyang Huo , Tianqi Wang, Xintong Liu, Dan Li, Hui Yu, Xiangting Dong, Ying Yang
In the realm of modern reinforced concrete, the harmful gases released during industrial production pose a significant threat to human health, thus the demand for wearable gas sensors is increasing day by day. However, creating a portable flexible sensor for detecting nitrogen dioxide under room temperature conditions and ensuring outstanding gas sensing performance remains a challenge. To address this issue, this study synthesized rGO@In2O3 composite nanofibers using coaxial electrospinning and calcination methods. Compared to pure In2O3, the rGO@In2O3 composite nanofibers exhibit superior gas sensing performance. At room temperature (25 °C), the response value of the rGO@In2O3 sensor to 1 ppm nitrogen dioxide gas is 14.18 (with a theoretical detection limit as low as 2.58 ppb). Its excellent performance can be attributed to a relatively complete depletion layer that enhances the high carrier density in the p-n heterojunction, consistent with the shell depletion theory in semiconductor physics. Furthermore, the rGO@In2O3 sensor also demonstrates outstanding stability, selectivity and flexibility, offering a new direction for the development of wearable gas sensors at room temperature.
{"title":"RGO@In2O3 based flexible gas sensor: Efficient monitoring of trace NO2 gas at room temperature","authors":"Wenyuan Yang , Yangyang Huo , Tianqi Wang, Xintong Liu, Dan Li, Hui Yu, Xiangting Dong, Ying Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the realm of modern reinforced concrete, the harmful gases released during industrial production pose a significant threat to human health, thus the demand for wearable gas sensors is increasing day by day. However, creating a portable flexible sensor for detecting nitrogen dioxide under room temperature conditions and ensuring outstanding gas sensing performance remains a challenge. To address this issue, this study synthesized rGO@In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite nanofibers using coaxial electrospinning and calcination methods. Compared to pure In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, the rGO@In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite nanofibers exhibit superior gas sensing performance. At room temperature (25 °C), the response value of the rGO@In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> sensor to 1 ppm nitrogen dioxide gas is 14.18 (with a theoretical detection limit as low as 2.58 ppb). Its excellent performance can be attributed to a relatively complete depletion layer that enhances the high carrier density in the p-n heterojunction, consistent with the shell depletion theory in semiconductor physics. Furthermore, the rGO@In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> sensor also demonstrates outstanding stability, selectivity and flexibility, offering a new direction for the development of wearable gas sensors at room temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"430 ","pages":"Article 137359"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137357
Rong Nie , Dongyun Liao , Wenjun Yan , Wenting Liang , Jianhui Zhi , Yujing Guo , Chuan Dong , Lifang Fan
In this study, a visible light-driven and efficient molecularly imprinted photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor was constructed for highly selective and ultrasensitive detection of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) based on carbon nitride quantum dots decorated TiO2 nanorods (CN QDs/TiO2 NRs) as photoactive material, and polydopamine (PDA) molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as recognition element. CN QDs/TiO2 NRs exhibit outstanding visible light absorption ability and PEC activity. PDA-MIP for specific recognition of BBP was successfully formed on CN QDs/TiO2 NRs by self-polymerization of dopamine. Furthermore, PDA-MIP with superior electron transfer capacity effectively promote photogenerated carrier separation and enhance visible light utilization, greatly improving photocurrent response. With addition of BBP, owing to BBP being captured into the imprinted holes of PDA-MIP, the electron transfer was hindered, resulting in the decrease of the photocurrent signal. BBP could be quantitatively detected by the photocurrent signal change. The designed PEC sensor exhibited highly specificity, sensitivity, and stability for BBP detection in the range of 0.01–5 ng/L with a low detection limit of 4.0 pg/L. Moreover, the proposed PEC sensor was successfully applied to evaluate BBP content in environmental samples. Therefore, the established sensing platform provides a simple and efficient strategy for detection of BBP in the environment.
{"title":"Design an efficient molecularly imprinted photoelectrochemical sensor for detection of butyl benzyl phthalate","authors":"Rong Nie , Dongyun Liao , Wenjun Yan , Wenting Liang , Jianhui Zhi , Yujing Guo , Chuan Dong , Lifang Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a visible light-driven and efficient molecularly imprinted photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor was constructed for highly selective and ultrasensitive detection of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) based on carbon nitride quantum dots decorated TiO<sub>2</sub> nanorods (CN QDs/TiO<sub>2</sub> NRs) as photoactive material, and polydopamine (PDA) molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as recognition element. CN QDs/TiO<sub>2</sub> NRs exhibit outstanding visible light absorption ability and PEC activity. PDA-MIP for specific recognition of BBP was successfully formed on CN QDs/TiO<sub>2</sub> NRs by self-polymerization of dopamine. Furthermore, PDA-MIP with superior electron transfer capacity effectively promote photogenerated carrier separation and enhance visible light utilization, greatly improving photocurrent response. With addition of BBP, owing to BBP being captured into the imprinted holes of PDA-MIP, the electron transfer was hindered, resulting in the decrease of the photocurrent signal. BBP could be quantitatively detected by the photocurrent signal change. The designed PEC sensor exhibited highly specificity, sensitivity, and stability for BBP detection in the range of 0.01–5 ng/L with a low detection limit of 4.0 pg/L. Moreover, the proposed PEC sensor was successfully applied to evaluate BBP content in environmental samples. Therefore, the established sensing platform provides a simple and efficient strategy for detection of BBP in the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"430 ","pages":"Article 137357"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors affecting women. Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) emerges as a secure and effective surgical approach. Terahertz (THz) technology proves advantageous in achieving real-time cancer edge detection during BCS, thanks to its label-free, non-ionizing, and real-time capabilities. In the THz frequency range, breast cancer tissue and normal tissue are indistinguishable due to their similar dielectric constants, which ultimately limits their use in surgical procedures. In this study, we introduced an innovative high-sensitivity meta-surface with an asymmetric slit ring. Through numerical simulations, the meta-surface was optimized to select the structure size with the highest sensitivity. The maximum sensitivity of the meta-surface reached as high as 448 GHz/RIU (f=2.25 THz). The flexible meta-surface show high sensing stability and robustness in 1000 bending cycles. We demonstrated that the THz meta-surface can improve the differentiation between breast cancer and normal breast cells. Meanwhile, combined with THz imaging, the designed meta-surface enhanced the contrast between breast cancer tissue and normal tissue by more than 50 %. This suggests that the strategy we proposed provides a theoretical basis for using THz technology based on meta-surfaces for clinical detection of cell types, and provides a rapid and effective method for doctors to identify whether the cancerous tissue has been completely removed during BCS.
{"title":"High-sensitivity flexible meta-surface for terahertz-based breast cancer differentiation: Study in cellular and fresh tissue","authors":"Mengyang Cong , Wei Song , Zhongquan Zhang , Jianfeng Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors affecting women. Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) emerges as a secure and effective surgical approach. Terahertz (THz) technology proves advantageous in achieving real-time cancer edge detection during BCS, thanks to its label-free, non-ionizing, and real-time capabilities. In the THz frequency range, breast cancer tissue and normal tissue are indistinguishable due to their similar dielectric constants, which ultimately limits their use in surgical procedures. In this study, we introduced an innovative high-sensitivity meta-surface with an asymmetric slit ring. Through numerical simulations, the meta-surface was optimized to select the structure size with the highest sensitivity. The maximum sensitivity of the meta-surface reached as high as 448 GHz/RIU (f=2.25 THz). The flexible meta-surface show high sensing stability and robustness in 1000 bending cycles. We demonstrated that the THz meta-surface can improve the differentiation between breast cancer and normal breast cells. Meanwhile, combined with THz imaging, the designed meta-surface enhanced the contrast between breast cancer tissue and normal tissue by more than 50 %. This suggests that the strategy we proposed provides a theoretical basis for using THz technology based on meta-surfaces for clinical detection of cell types, and provides a rapid and effective method for doctors to identify whether the cancerous tissue has been completely removed during BCS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"430 ","pages":"Article 137324"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137356
Yanwei Wang , He Wang , Xingyu Wen , Jiushi Liu , Yan Shi , Hong Men
The medicinal value of Angelica dahurica is closely related to its origin. Variations in climate, soil, altitude, and other ecological factors across different origins can lead to significant differences in the quality of Angelica dahurica, and high-quality products are often subject to counterfeiting. To provide a rapid and effective method for quality identification, this paper proposes a Bidirectional Mixing Network (BM-Net) combined with an electronic nose (e-nose) system to distinguish Angelica dahurica from various origins. The e-nose system collects gas information from Angelica dahurica from four different origins with a wide range and four different origins with a small range. A Bidirectional Mixing Module (BMM) is proposed to adaptively calculation both local and global gas features from the time-series and sensor dimensions, with residual connection incorporated to enhance feature representation. Based on the BMM, the BM-Net is designed for effective identification of gas information from Angelica dahurica across different origins. The effectiveness of BM-Net is validated through ablation analysis and comparison with state-of-the-art gas information classification methods. For the gas information dataset of Angelica dahurica from a wide range of origins, BM-Net achieves an accuracy of 97.75 %, a precision of 97.64 %, and a recall of 97.94 %. For the dataset of Angelica dahurica from a small range of origins, BM-Net achieves an accuracy of 96.08 %, a precision of 96.60 %, and a recall of 96.05 %.
{"title":"Origin identification of Angelica dahurica using a bidirectional mixing network combined with an electronic nose system","authors":"Yanwei Wang , He Wang , Xingyu Wen , Jiushi Liu , Yan Shi , Hong Men","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The medicinal value of <em>Angelica dahurica</em> is closely related to its origin. Variations in climate, soil, altitude, and other ecological factors across different origins can lead to significant differences in the quality of <em>Angelica dahurica</em>, and high-quality products are often subject to counterfeiting. To provide a rapid and effective method for quality identification, this paper proposes a Bidirectional Mixing Network (BM-Net) combined with an electronic nose (e-nose) system to distinguish <em>Angelica dahurica</em> from various origins. The e-nose system collects gas information from <em>Angelica dahurica</em> from four different origins with a wide range and four different origins with a small range. A Bidirectional Mixing Module (BMM) is proposed to adaptively calculation both local and global gas features from the time-series and sensor dimensions, with residual connection incorporated to enhance feature representation. Based on the BMM, the BM-Net is designed for effective identification of gas information from <em>Angelica dahurica</em> across different origins. The effectiveness of BM-Net is validated through ablation analysis and comparison with state-of-the-art gas information classification methods. For the gas information dataset of <em>Angelica dahurica</em> from a wide range of origins, BM-Net achieves an accuracy of 97.75 %, a precision of 97.64 %, and a recall of 97.94 %. For the dataset of <em>Angelica dahurica</em> from a small range of origins, BM-Net achieves an accuracy of 96.08 %, a precision of 96.60 %, and a recall of 96.05 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"429 ","pages":"Article 137356"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137313
Jacopo Pelini , Stefano Dello Russo , Zhen Wang , Iacopo Galli , Pablo Cancio Pastor , Inaki Lopez Garcia , Maria Concetta Canino , Alberto Roncaglia , Naota Akikusa , Wei Ren , Paolo De Natale , Mario Siciliani de Cumis , Simone Borri
Part-per-trillion level trace-molecule detection is becoming increasingly crucial for a variety of fields in our modern society, from climate change monitoring and mitigation to health studies, from industrial processes control to safety and security. The race towards more performing sensors is witnessing a rapid evolution of photoacoustic systems, whose high degree of flexibility allows them to merge their robustness and compactness to cavity-enhanced configurations, boosting their ultimate sensitivity. This work proposes an advanced configuration of a cavity-enhanced cantilever-based photo-acoustic sensor. The developed setup exploits the advantages of mid-IR detection and introduces significant novelties in the key components, namely a non-conventional silicon “racket-shaped” cantilever, a combination of a dual-tube acoustic resonator and optical cavity to enhance the photoacoustic signal, and an improved optical readout system consisting in a stabilized balanced Michelson interferometer. With a final detection sensitivity of dry NO down to 17 parts-per-trillion for 20 s of integration time, corresponding to a Normalized Noise Equivalent Absorption coefficient equal to 5.98 -11cm -1 WHz-1/2, the achieved performance is in line with the best results obtained with PAS-based sensing addressing the same target molecule. This demonstrates the wide range of yet unexplored configurations of photoacoustic systems that can be exploited towards real-time sub-ppt sensors for practical detection of trace chemicals in the air.
{"title":"A cavity-enhanced MEMS-based photoacoustic sensor for ppt-level trace-gas detection","authors":"Jacopo Pelini , Stefano Dello Russo , Zhen Wang , Iacopo Galli , Pablo Cancio Pastor , Inaki Lopez Garcia , Maria Concetta Canino , Alberto Roncaglia , Naota Akikusa , Wei Ren , Paolo De Natale , Mario Siciliani de Cumis , Simone Borri","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Part-per-trillion level trace-molecule detection is becoming increasingly crucial for a variety of fields in our modern society, from climate change monitoring and mitigation to health studies, from industrial processes control to safety and security. The race towards more performing sensors is witnessing a rapid evolution of photoacoustic systems, whose high degree of flexibility allows them to merge their robustness and compactness to cavity-enhanced configurations, boosting their ultimate sensitivity. This work proposes an advanced configuration of a cavity-enhanced cantilever-based photo-acoustic sensor. The developed setup exploits the advantages of mid-IR detection and introduces significant novelties in the key components, namely a non-conventional silicon “racket-shaped” cantilever, a combination of a dual-tube acoustic resonator and optical cavity to enhance the photoacoustic signal, and an improved optical readout system consisting in a stabilized balanced Michelson interferometer. With a final detection sensitivity of dry N<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O down to 17 parts-per-trillion for 20 s of integration time, corresponding to a Normalized Noise Equivalent Absorption coefficient equal to 5.98 <span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>10</mn></mrow></math></span><sup>-11</sup>cm <sup>-1</sup> WHz<sup>-1/2</sup>, the achieved performance is in line with the best results obtained with PAS-based sensing addressing the same target molecule. This demonstrates the wide range of yet unexplored configurations of photoacoustic systems that can be exploited towards real-time sub-ppt sensors for practical detection of trace chemicals in the air.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"430 ","pages":"Article 137313"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137358
Qingjie Fu, Shuang Liang, Xingguang Su
In this work, a novel POD-like nanozyme Cu-NC NP was synthesized, and the pH limitation was broken by ATP modification. The formed ATP@Cu-NC NP could oxidize TMB into oxTMB in the presence of H2O2 under pH 7. Furthermore, a novel dual-mode detection method for antibiotic tetracycline (TC) was proposed based on the second order scatter (SOS) of ZIF-90 and its inhibition of the POD-like activity of ATP@Cu-NC NP. When TC was present, Zn (ІІ) node of ZIF-90 coordinated with TC to form fluorescent compound TC-Zn and ZIF-90 was therefore decomposed. Thus, the fluorescence of TC-Zn compound at 541 nm increased while the SOS of ZIF-90 at 741 nm decreased, the ratio signal I541/S741 was linearly related to the TC concentration. Meanwhile, the inhibition of the POD-like activity of ATP@Cu-NC NP from ZIF-90 due to the aldehyde group on the surface was reduced after corrosion by TC, the absorbance of oxTMB at 652 nm then recovered, thus colorimetric detection was also achieved. The fluorescence-scattering (FL-SOS) and colorimetric dual-mode detection of TC was sensitive with LODs of 11.556 nM and 0.244 µM, respectively. Successful application in milk, egg and human serum was achieved, proving the applicability of the proposed TC sensing method. A portable kit for visual TC detection was also constructed using agarose hydrogel, which was instrument-free, time-saving and sensitive for the detection of TC.
{"title":"Breaking pH limitation of POD-like Cu-NC NP by ATP modulation and construction of colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescence-scattering dual-mode detection method for tetracycline","authors":"Qingjie Fu, Shuang Liang, Xingguang Su","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a novel POD-like nanozyme Cu-NC NP was synthesized, and the pH limitation was broken by ATP modification. The formed ATP@Cu-NC NP could oxidize TMB into oxTMB in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> under pH 7. Furthermore, a novel dual-mode detection method for antibiotic tetracycline (TC) was proposed based on the second order scatter (SOS) of ZIF-90 and its inhibition of the POD-like activity of ATP@Cu-NC NP. When TC was present, Zn (ІІ) node of ZIF-90 coordinated with TC to form fluorescent compound TC-Zn and ZIF-90 was therefore decomposed. Thus, the fluorescence of TC-Zn compound at 541 nm increased while the SOS of ZIF-90 at 741 nm decreased, the ratio signal I<sub>541</sub>/S<sub>741</sub> was linearly related to the TC concentration. Meanwhile, the inhibition of the POD-like activity of ATP@Cu-NC NP from ZIF-90 due to the aldehyde group on the surface was reduced after corrosion by TC, the absorbance of oxTMB at 652 nm then recovered, thus colorimetric detection was also achieved. The fluorescence-scattering (FL-SOS) and colorimetric dual-mode detection of TC was sensitive with LODs of 11.556 nM and 0.244 µM, respectively. Successful application in milk, egg and human serum was achieved, proving the applicability of the proposed TC sensing method. A portable kit for visual TC detection was also constructed using agarose hydrogel, which was instrument-free, time-saving and sensitive for the detection of TC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"430 ","pages":"Article 137358"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137308
Haozheng Dai , Youli Tian , Zhimin Tao , Ke-Er Chen , Weiwen Liu , Qiang Zhang , Chengxi Cao
Isoelectric focusing (IEF) is widely used for protein separation and enrichment, with various methods available for detecting focused protein bands. While conventional capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) reduced costs and enhanced portability by eliminating optical equipment, it still required an additional mobilization step due to its single-point detection method. To address this limitation, herein we designed a novel device of scanning C4D (sC4D) for microfluidic IEF. At first, we developed an automated device of sC4D which was integrated with IEF chip for protein separation. Second, we designed the relevant software for system control and real-time conductivity measurement. Third, by using equine myoglobin as a model protein we achieved quantitative detection with a linear range of 0.2–2.5 mg/mL and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 mg/mL, demonstrating the feasibility of the method and platform. In contrast to the conventional C4D with single-point detection, the developed sC4D could reduce the detection time of protein band from 760 sec to 25 sec without chemical or pressure mobilization of pH gradient, and without significant deterioration of resolution, and particularly could monitor the dynamic process of IEF and cathode drift of pH gradient. These results indicate that the designed sC4D device might serve as a reliable alternative for microfluidic IEF detection and holds significant potential for applications in various electrophoretic analysis fields in the future.
{"title":"An automated scanning contactless conductivity detection device for microfluidic isoelectric focusing","authors":"Haozheng Dai , Youli Tian , Zhimin Tao , Ke-Er Chen , Weiwen Liu , Qiang Zhang , Chengxi Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Isoelectric focusing (IEF) is widely used for protein separation and enrichment, with various methods available for detecting focused protein bands. While conventional capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C<sup>4</sup>D) reduced costs and enhanced portability by eliminating optical equipment, it still required an additional mobilization step due to its single-point detection method. To address this limitation, herein we designed a novel device of scanning C<sup>4</sup>D (sC<sup>4</sup>D) for microfluidic IEF. At first, we developed an automated device of sC<sup>4</sup>D which was integrated with IEF chip for protein separation. Second, we designed the relevant software for system control and real-time conductivity measurement. Third, by using equine myoglobin as a model protein we achieved quantitative detection with a linear range of 0.2–2.5 mg/mL and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 mg/mL, demonstrating the feasibility of the method and platform. In contrast to the conventional C<sup>4</sup>D with single-point detection, the developed sC<sup>4</sup>D could reduce the detection time of protein band from 760 sec to 25 sec without chemical or pressure mobilization of pH gradient, and without significant deterioration of resolution, and particularly could monitor the dynamic process of IEF and cathode drift of pH gradient. These results indicate that the designed sC<sup>4</sup>D device might serve as a reliable alternative for microfluidic IEF detection and holds significant potential for applications in various electrophoretic analysis fields in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"430 ","pages":"Article 137308"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137328
Ming Hong , Xuzi Cong , Likai Wang , Yeong Don Park
Organic gas sensors have attracted considerable interest owing to their promising applications in environmental monitoring and industrial operations. However, the inherent low mobility and stability of conjugated polymers limit their effectiveness in gas sensing. In this study, we explore the enhancement of organic gas sensor performance by doping transition metals (Ni and Cu) into nitrogen-doped 3D hollow carbon spheres (NHCS). NHCS, a carbon-based material, stands out for its exceptional electrical conductivity, extensive surface area, and robust chemical stability, positioning it as a promising choice for sensor applications. Its gas-sensing efficiency can be further enhanced through the incorporation of single-atom transition-metal dopants. Our experimental results demonstrate that the high porosity of NHCS serves as an efficient gas diffusion channel, enabling enhanced penetration of gas molecules into the active layer. Moreover, the single-atom transition-metal sites exhibit strong chemisorption properties, surpassing the binding strength of physical adsorption. The NHCS-blended sensor co-doped with Ni and Cu exhibited the most promising gas-sensing performance. This improvement is attributed to the synergistic effects of nitrogen doping and the dual transition-metal dopants, which contribute to selective NO2 detection. These results indicate a valuable direction for advancing gas-sensing devices with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity.
{"title":"Single-atom transition metals doping in N-doped hollow carbon spheres for high-performance organic gas sensing","authors":"Ming Hong , Xuzi Cong , Likai Wang , Yeong Don Park","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic gas sensors have attracted considerable interest owing to their promising applications in environmental monitoring and industrial operations. However, the inherent low mobility and stability of conjugated polymers limit their effectiveness in gas sensing. In this study, we explore the enhancement of organic gas sensor performance by doping transition metals (Ni and Cu) into nitrogen-doped 3D hollow carbon spheres (NHCS). NHCS, a carbon-based material, stands out for its exceptional electrical conductivity, extensive surface area, and robust chemical stability, positioning it as a promising choice for sensor applications. Its gas-sensing efficiency can be further enhanced through the incorporation of single-atom transition-metal dopants. Our experimental results demonstrate that the high porosity of NHCS serves as an efficient gas diffusion channel, enabling enhanced penetration of gas molecules into the active layer. Moreover, the single-atom transition-metal sites exhibit strong chemisorption properties, surpassing the binding strength of physical adsorption. The NHCS-blended sensor co-doped with Ni and Cu exhibited the most promising gas-sensing performance. This improvement is attributed to the synergistic effects of nitrogen doping and the dual transition-metal dopants, which contribute to selective NO<sub>2</sub> detection. These results indicate a valuable direction for advancing gas-sensing devices with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"430 ","pages":"Article 137328"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137326
Hejie Zheng , Linghe Bai , Cuicui Du, Xiaohua Zhang, Jinhua Chen
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a typical persistent per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substance (PFAS), may accumulate in the body and cause various human health problems. Herein, a novel photoelecrochemical (PEC)-electrochemical (EC) dual-mode biosensing platform has been developed for PFOA assay based on the competitive binding between amino-modified magnetic beads (MB)@human serum albumin (HSA) (MB@HSA) and hemin or PFOA. Through co-incubation of MB@HSA with PFOA and hemin, the MB@HSA-hemin-PFOA conjugates were obtained and collected by magnetic separation and then introduced onto the surface of the ZnCdS@ZnIn2S4-modified ITO electrode. After that, the PEC and EC measurements were carried out to achieve sensitive and accurate dual-mode detection of PFOA, based on the hemin-induced photocurrent enhancement of the ZnCdS@ZnIn2S4 heterojunction and the electrochemical properties of hemin. The developed PEC-EC dual-mode biosensing platform exhibited good selectivity, reproducibility and sensitivity with linear response ranges of 10 nM – 1 μM (PEC)/5 nM – 1 μM (EC) and detection limits of 8.71 nM (PEC)/1.46 nM (EC). The magnetic-assisted PEC-EC dual-mode sensing platform provides a new analytical route for the detection of PFOA in water samples and a new reference for environmental monitoring of PFOA.
{"title":"PEC-EC dual-mode biosensing platform for PFOA assay based on competitive binding between HSA and PFOA or hemin","authors":"Hejie Zheng , Linghe Bai , Cuicui Du, Xiaohua Zhang, Jinhua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a typical persistent per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substance (PFAS), may accumulate in the body and cause various human health problems. Herein, a novel photoelecrochemical (PEC)-electrochemical (EC) dual-mode biosensing platform has been developed for PFOA assay based on the competitive binding between amino-modified magnetic beads (MB)@human serum albumin (HSA) (MB@HSA) and hemin or PFOA. Through co-incubation of MB@HSA with PFOA and hemin, the MB@HSA-hemin-PFOA conjugates were obtained and collected by magnetic separation and then introduced onto the surface of the ZnCdS@ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>-modified ITO electrode. After that, the PEC and EC measurements were carried out to achieve sensitive and accurate dual-mode detection of PFOA, based on the hemin-induced photocurrent enhancement of the ZnCdS@ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> heterojunction and the electrochemical properties of hemin. The developed PEC-EC dual-mode biosensing platform exhibited good selectivity, reproducibility and sensitivity with linear response ranges of 10 nM – 1 μM (PEC)/5 nM – 1 μM (EC) and detection limits of 8.71 nM (PEC)/1.46 nM (EC). The magnetic-assisted PEC-EC dual-mode sensing platform provides a new analytical route for the detection of PFOA in water samples and a new reference for environmental monitoring of PFOA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"429 ","pages":"Article 137326"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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