Pub Date : 2020-12-09DOI: 10.1163/18748929-20201519
M. Trzebiatowska
{"title":"Formations of Belief: Historical Approaches to Religion and the Secular edited by Philip Nord, Katja Guenther & Max Weiss","authors":"M. Trzebiatowska","doi":"10.1163/18748929-20201519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18748929-20201519","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religion in Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45686765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-09DOI: 10.1163/18748929-13010003
N. Reeh
The article attempts to show that the modern notion of ‘religion’ is a construction that emerged in the context of inter-religious encounters following the fall of Constantinople and especially in the years around the Reformation. Hereby, the article argues that the modern notion of ‘religion’ emerged earlier than found by most previous studies, and that it was used in the legislation of the new Protestant states as well as in the modern (Westphalian) state-system, both of which it has been a part of ever since. The notion of ‘religion’ is, thus, not a scholarly invention (J.Z. Smith) or tied to colonialism (Timothy Fitzgerald) but rather a product of complex historical processes in which religious conflicts and the attempt to overcome these played a key role.
{"title":"Inter-religious Conflict, Translation, and the Usage of the Early Modern Notion of ‘Religion’ from the Fall of Constantinople to the Westphalian Peace Treaty in 1648","authors":"N. Reeh","doi":"10.1163/18748929-13010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18748929-13010003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The article attempts to show that the modern notion of ‘religion’ is a construction that emerged in the context of inter-religious encounters following the fall of Constantinople and especially in the years around the Reformation. Hereby, the article argues that the modern notion of ‘religion’ emerged earlier than found by most previous studies, and that it was used in the legislation of the new Protestant states as well as in the modern (Westphalian) state-system, both of which it has been a part of ever since. The notion of ‘religion’ is, thus, not a scholarly invention (J.Z. Smith) or tied to colonialism (Timothy Fitzgerald) but rather a product of complex historical processes in which religious conflicts and the attempt to overcome these played a key role.","PeriodicalId":42630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religion in Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44131009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-09DOI: 10.1163/18748929-13010002
Edgar Demetrio Tovar-García
This article empirically studies the relationship between religiosity, to be a believer or not and to what extent, and wage earnings in post-Soviet Russia. Mincer equations are estimated adding religious affiliation and religiosity as explanatory variables and using dynamic specifications, controlling for endogeneity and time-invariant independent variables. The empirical strategy includes working age individuals (eighteen to sixty) and uses longitudinal data (2000–2017). The results suggest that male believers suffer a wage penalty, about 7%. Moreover, on average, Muslims obtain lower earnings than do individuals from other religious affiliations, roughly 21% less income; for female Muslims this figure is even higher, about 38%. Nonetheless, analysing younger individuals (eighteen to forty-two), the findings are slightly different. In this case, female believers suffer a wage penalty, about 5%. The findings are robust under different specifications, controlling for education, work experience, civil status, migration background, ethnicity, city size, occupation, and macroeconomic conditions.
{"title":"Religiosity and Wage Earnings in Post-Soviet Russia","authors":"Edgar Demetrio Tovar-García","doi":"10.1163/18748929-13010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18748929-13010002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article empirically studies the relationship between religiosity, to be a believer or not and to what extent, and wage earnings in post-Soviet Russia. Mincer equations are estimated adding religious affiliation and religiosity as explanatory variables and using dynamic specifications, controlling for endogeneity and time-invariant independent variables. The empirical strategy includes working age individuals (eighteen to sixty) and uses longitudinal data (2000–2017). The results suggest that male believers suffer a wage penalty, about 7%. Moreover, on average, Muslims obtain lower earnings than do individuals from other religious affiliations, roughly 21% less income; for female Muslims this figure is even higher, about 38%. Nonetheless, analysing younger individuals (eighteen to forty-two), the findings are slightly different. In this case, female believers suffer a wage penalty, about 5%. The findings are robust under different specifications, controlling for education, work experience, civil status, migration background, ethnicity, city size, occupation, and macroeconomic conditions.","PeriodicalId":42630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religion in Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41965553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-09DOI: 10.1163/18748929-20201520
E. Nicolaidis
{"title":"Faith and Science in Russian Religious Thought by Teresa Obolevitch","authors":"E. Nicolaidis","doi":"10.1163/18748929-20201520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18748929-20201520","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religion in Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49105157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-09DOI: 10.1163/18748929-13010008
Sarah Demmrich, Stefan Huber
Eisenmann et al. developed a system consisting of forty-four categories to code the definitions of spirituality in samples from the USA and Germany. We tested this category system in a sample of seculars in Switzerland. All original categories were applicable to the individual understandings of spirituality in our sample. Only two additional categories of marginal relevance were formed. This result confirms the validity of the category system. Furthermore, the German and the Swiss samples both stress an understanding of spirituality as transcending without emphasizing transcendence. This concept should be used to construct spirituality scales for quantitative studies.
{"title":"What Do Seculars Understand as ‘Spiritual’? A Replication of Eisenmann et al.’s Semantics of Spirituality","authors":"Sarah Demmrich, Stefan Huber","doi":"10.1163/18748929-13010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18748929-13010008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Eisenmann et al. developed a system consisting of forty-four categories to code the definitions of spirituality in samples from the USA and Germany. We tested this category system in a sample of seculars in Switzerland. All original categories were applicable to the individual understandings of spirituality in our sample. Only two additional categories of marginal relevance were formed. This result confirms the validity of the category system. Furthermore, the German and the Swiss samples both stress an understanding of spirituality as transcending without emphasizing transcendence. This concept should be used to construct spirituality scales for quantitative studies.","PeriodicalId":42630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religion in Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47614901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-09DOI: 10.1163/18748929-13010007
R. Myllys
This article investigates how spirituality relates to craft-making. Spirituality is understood to have both religious and nonreligious content depending on the person. The data was collected in a one-year period of observation and interviews. The results show that spirituality related to craft-making may be both religious and nonreligious. It is noteworthy, however, that religious and nonreligious spirituality are related to different aspects of craft-making: the social and prosocial aspects of craft-making are mostly religiously spiritual, whereas individually centred aspects are not. Altogether, the spirituality of craft-making is largely immanent and wellbeing-oriented. As such, its focus is on getting along in everyday life.
{"title":"Spiritual Yarning: Craft-making as Getting Along in Everyday Life","authors":"R. Myllys","doi":"10.1163/18748929-13010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18748929-13010007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article investigates how spirituality relates to craft-making. Spirituality is understood to have both religious and nonreligious content depending on the person. The data was collected in a one-year period of observation and interviews. The results show that spirituality related to craft-making may be both religious and nonreligious. It is noteworthy, however, that religious and nonreligious spirituality are related to different aspects of craft-making: the social and prosocial aspects of craft-making are mostly religiously spiritual, whereas individually centred aspects are not. Altogether, the spirituality of craft-making is largely immanent and wellbeing-oriented. As such, its focus is on getting along in everyday life.","PeriodicalId":42630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religion in Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42266329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-09DOI: 10.1163/18748929-13010004
Astrid Mattes
{"title":"Muslim Women in Austria and Germany Doing and Undoing Gender: Making Gender Differences and Hierarchies Relevant or Irrelevant by Constanze Volkmann","authors":"Astrid Mattes","doi":"10.1163/18748929-13010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18748929-13010004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religion in Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48445745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-09DOI: 10.1163/18748929-20201498
Samir Beglerović, M. Sedgwick
The article looks at the reception and development of Guénonian Traditionalism in Bosnia from the 1970s to the present day. Traditionalism was initially received in Yugoslavia as esotericism, but then its reception became more Islamic, based in Sarajevo’s Islamic Theology Faculty. After the Bosnian War, Islamic Traditionalist works became popular among young Bosnians who wanted to combine Islam with European identities. Some Bosnian ulama taught Traditionalist works to their students, a development unparalleled elsewhere, and wrote their own Traditionalist-influenced works, mostly dealing with interreligious dialogue. The Bosnian reception and development of Traditionalism is unique, and it is argued that this reflects Bosnia’s special position between East and West.
{"title":"Islam in Bosnia Between East and West: The Reception and Development of Traditionalism","authors":"Samir Beglerović, M. Sedgwick","doi":"10.1163/18748929-20201498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18748929-20201498","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The article looks at the reception and development of Guénonian Traditionalism in Bosnia from the 1970s to the present day. Traditionalism was initially received in Yugoslavia as esotericism, but then its reception became more Islamic, based in Sarajevo’s Islamic Theology Faculty. After the Bosnian War, Islamic Traditionalist works became popular among young Bosnians who wanted to combine Islam with European identities. Some Bosnian ulama taught Traditionalist works to their students, a development unparalleled elsewhere, and wrote their own Traditionalist-influenced works, mostly dealing with interreligious dialogue. The Bosnian reception and development of Traditionalism is unique, and it is argued that this reflects Bosnia’s special position between East and West.","PeriodicalId":42630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religion in Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18748929-20201498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49089436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-09DOI: 10.1163/18748929-13010006
Susanne Olsson
{"title":"Salafism Goes Global: From the Gulf to the French Banlieues by Mohamed-Ali Adraoui","authors":"Susanne Olsson","doi":"10.1163/18748929-13010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18748929-13010006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religion in Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49471121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-09DOI: 10.1163/18748929-13010001
Sabina Hadžibulić, M. Lagerspetz
Slava or Krsna lava is the Serbian Orthodox celebration of a family’s patron saint on a given day of the year. During the decades of Socialist Yugoslavia (1943–1992), it was confined to the private sphere only. Since the 1960s, there is a sizeable group of Yugoslav or Serbian immigrants in Sweden, and the Serbian Orthodox Church in Sweden claims 40,000 members. The article is based on eleven semi-structured interviews with immigrants who have started celebrating the Slava in Sweden. We identified four frames of interpretation used in order to provide the ritual with meaning: Orthodoxy, family, ethnicity, and local community. A closer discussion of three cases illustrates different ways of finding a balance between Slava’s possible meanings. The ways of celebrating display individual variation and varying influence of the culture and values of the host society.
{"title":"New Rituals Out of an Old One: The Slava among Serbian Immigrants in Sweden","authors":"Sabina Hadžibulić, M. Lagerspetz","doi":"10.1163/18748929-13010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18748929-13010001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Slava or Krsna lava is the Serbian Orthodox celebration of a family’s patron saint on a given day of the year. During the decades of Socialist Yugoslavia (1943–1992), it was confined to the private sphere only. Since the 1960s, there is a sizeable group of Yugoslav or Serbian immigrants in Sweden, and the Serbian Orthodox Church in Sweden claims 40,000 members. The article is based on eleven semi-structured interviews with immigrants who have started celebrating the Slava in Sweden. We identified four frames of interpretation used in order to provide the ritual with meaning: Orthodoxy, family, ethnicity, and local community. A closer discussion of three cases illustrates different ways of finding a balance between Slava’s possible meanings. The ways of celebrating display individual variation and varying influence of the culture and values of the host society.","PeriodicalId":42630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religion in Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47686175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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