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ASP-DAC 2004: Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference 2004 (IEEE Cat. No.04EX753)最新文献

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Fast adaptive DC-DC conversion using dual-loop one-cycle control in standard digital CMOS process 采用双环单周期控制的标准数字CMOS工艺快速自适应DC-DC转换
D. Ma, W. Ki, C. Tsui
An adaptive switching convener is presented. It adopts a dual-loop one-cycle control for right line and load regularion, while reruining f a t response and good stabilify. DC level shijiing technique eliminates the use of negative supply voltage and enables both continuous and discontinuous conduction operation. Error correction loops greatly tightens output voltage regulation. mnamic loss control funher improves the eficiency for a wide power range. The conveticr was fabricated wirh a srondard 0 . 5 d~igi ral CMOS process. The ourput voltage cm vary from 0.9V ro 2.W wirh n tracking speed of less than 14pdV for a step change of 1.6V. Maximum efliciency of 93.7% is achieved ond high efliciency above 75% is retained over an output power of l0mW to 45OmW.
提出了一种自适应开关召集器。采用双环单周期控制,对线路和负载进行调节,同时具有良好的响应性和稳定性。直流电平施电技术消除了负电源电压的使用,可以实现连续和间断的导通操作。纠错回路大大加强了输出电压的调节。动态损耗控制进一步提高了宽功率范围的效率。该传送带是用标准的0。5 d~igi CMOS工艺。输出电压从0.9V到2不等。跟踪速度小于14pdV,阶跃变化为1.6V。在输出功率为10mw ~ 45OmW的情况下,最高效率可达93.7%,效率保持在75%以上。
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引用次数: 0
A place and route aware buffered Steiner tree construction 一个地方和路线感知缓冲斯坦纳树建设
C. Sze, Jiang Hu, C. Alpert
In order to achieve timing closure on increasingly complex IC designs, buffer insertion needs to be performed on thousands of nets within an integrated physical synthesis system. In most of previous works, buffers may be inserted at any open space. Even when there may appear to be space for buffers in the alleys between large blocks, these regions are often densely packed or may be useful later to fix critical paths. In addition, a buffer solution may inadvertently force wires to go through routing congested regions. Therefore, within physical synthesis, a buffer insertion scheme needs to be aware of both placement congestion and routing congestion of the existing layout and so it has to be able to decide when to insert buffers in dense regions to achieve critical performance improvement and when to utilize the sparser regions of the chip. With the proposed Steiner tree adjustment technique, this work aims at finding congestion-aware buffered Steiner trees. Our tree adjustment technique takes a Steiner tree as input, modifies the tree and simultaneously handles the objectives of timing, placement and routing congestion. To our knowledge, this is the first study, which simultaneously considers these three objectives for the buffered Steiner tree problem. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our algorithm while it achieves up to 20x speed-up when comparing with the state-of-the-art algorithm (C.J. Alpert et al., 2003).
为了在日益复杂的集成电路设计中实现定时关闭,需要在集成物理合成系统中的数千个网络上执行缓冲区插入。在以前的大多数作品中,缓冲区可以插入任何开放空间。即使在大块之间的小巷中似乎有缓冲区的空间,这些区域通常被密集地填充,或者可能在以后修复关键路径时很有用。此外,缓冲解决方案可能会无意中迫使线路通过路由拥塞区域。因此,在物理合成中,缓冲区插入方案需要意识到现有布局的放置拥塞和路由拥塞,因此它必须能够决定何时在密集区域插入缓冲区以实现关键性能改进,以及何时利用芯片的稀疏区域。利用提出的斯坦纳树调整技术,本工作旨在寻找具有拥塞感知的缓冲斯坦纳树。我们的树调整技术以一棵斯坦纳树作为输入,对树进行修改,同时处理定时、布局和路由拥塞的目标。据我们所知,这是第一个同时考虑缓冲斯坦纳树问题这三个目标的研究。实验结果证实了我们的算法的有效性,与最先进的算法相比,它的速度提高了20倍(C.J. Alpert et al., 2003)。
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引用次数: 6
A V/sub DD/ and temperature independent CMOS voltage reference circuit 一个V/sub / DD/和温度无关的CMOS电压参考电路
T. Matsuda, R. Minami, A. Kanamori, H. Iwata, T. Ohzone, S. Yamamoto, T. Ihara, S. Nakajima
A pure CMOS threshold voltage reference (VTR)circuit achieves temperature(T) coefficient of 5 μV/°C (T=60~+100 °C) and supply voltage(VDD) sensitivity of O.1 mV/V (VDD=3-5 V). The combination of subthreshold current characteristics and different operating modes in n-MOSFETs provides a small voltage and temperature dependence. A feedback scheme from the reference output to gates of n-MOSFETs not only stabilizes the output but also saves the die area.
纯CMOS阈值基准电压(VTR)电路的温度(T)系数为5 μV/°C (T=60~+100°C),电源电压(VDD)灵敏度为0.1 mV/V (VDD=3-5 V)。n- mosfet的亚阈值电流特性和不同工作模式的结合提供了小的电压和温度依赖性。从n- mosfet的参考输出到栅极的反馈方案不仅稳定了输出,而且节省了芯片面积。
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引用次数: 7
Mixed-clock issue queue design for energy aware, high-performance cores 混合时钟问题队列设计的能源意识,高性能核心
V. Rapaka, Emil Talpes, Diana Marculescu
Globally-asynchronous, locally-synchronous (GALS) design style has started to gain interest recently as a possible solution to the increased design complexity, power and thermal costs, as well as an enabler for allowing fine grain speed and voltage management. Due to its inherent complexity, a possible driver application for such a design style is the case of superscalar, out-of-order processors. We propose a novel mixed-clock issue queue design, and compares and contrasts this new implementation with existing synchronous or mixed-clock versions of issue queues, used in standalone mode or in conjunction with mixed-clock FIFO (first-in, first-out) buffers for inter-domain synchronization. Both transistor level, SPICE simulation, as well as cycle-accurate, microarchitectural analysis, show that cores using mixed-clock issue queues are able to provide better energy-performance operating points when compared to their synchronous or asynchronous FIFO-based counterparts.
全球异步,本地同步(GALS)设计风格最近开始引起人们的兴趣,因为它可以解决日益增加的设计复杂性,功率和热成本,以及实现细粒度速度和电压管理。由于其固有的复杂性,这种设计风格的一个可能的驱动应用程序是超标量、乱序处理器的情况。我们提出了一种新的混合时钟问题队列设计,并将这种新实现与现有的同步或混合时钟版本的问题队列进行比较和对比,这些问题队列用于独立模式或与混合时钟FIFO(先进先出)缓冲区一起用于域间同步。晶体管级、SPICE模拟以及周期精确的微架构分析都表明,与基于同步或异步fifo的内核相比,使用混合时钟问题队列的内核能够提供更好的能效工作点。
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引用次数: 5
Compact 12-port multi-bank register file test-chip in 0.35/spl mu/m CMOS for highly parallel processors 紧凑的12端口多银行寄存器文件测试芯片在0.35/spl μ m CMOS高度并行处理器
T. Sueyoshi, H. Uchida, H.J. Mattausch, T. Koide, Y. Mitani, T. Hironaka
We designed a compact, high-speed, and low-power hank-type 12-port register file test chip for highly-parallel processors in 0.35μm CMOS technology. In this full-custom test chip design, 72% smaller area, 25% shorter access cycle time, and 62% lower power consumption are achieved in comparison to the conventional 12-port-cell-based register file.
我们采用0.35μm CMOS技术,为高度并行处理器设计了一款紧凑、高速、低功耗的12端口寄存器文件测试芯片。在这种完全定制的测试芯片设计中,与传统的基于12端口单元的寄存器文件相比,面积缩小了72%,访问周期缩短了25%,功耗降低了62%。
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引用次数: 1
Energy efficient code generation exploiting reduced bit-width instruction set architectures (rISA) 利用减小位宽指令集架构(rISA)的节能代码生成
Aviral Shrivastava, N. Dutt
Energy consumption is emerging as a critical design concern for programmable embedded systems. Many reduced bit-width instruction set architectures (rISA) (e.g., ARM Thumb) are being increasingly used to decrease code size. Previous work has explored energy savings in noncached rISA architectures as a byproduct of code size reduction. We present an energy efficient code generation technique for rISA architectures, and furthermore explore energy savings for both cached and noncached architectures. Our code generation technique uses profile information to find the most frequently executed parts of the program. By aggressively reducing code size on frequently executed parts, fewer fetches to instruction memory are incurred, thus reducing the power consumption of the instruction memory. We achieve an average 30% reduction in instruction memory energy consumption in cached systems, on a variety of benchmarks, as compared to non-rISA architectures.
对于可编程嵌入式系统来说,能源消耗是一个重要的设计问题。许多减小位宽指令集架构(rISA)(例如ARM Thumb)被越来越多地用于减小代码大小。以前的工作已经探索了在非缓存的rISA架构中作为代码大小减少的副产品的能源节约。我们提出了一种用于rISA架构的节能代码生成技术,并进一步探讨了缓存和非缓存架构的节能问题。我们的代码生成技术使用概要信息来查找程序中最频繁执行的部分。通过积极减少频繁执行部分的代码大小,可以减少对指令内存的读取,从而降低指令内存的功耗。与非risa架构相比,在各种基准测试中,我们在缓存系统中平均减少了30%的指令存储器能耗。
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引用次数: 11
Development of a waveform sampling front-end ASIC for PET PET波形采样前端专用集成电路的研制
J. Yeom, T. Ishitsu, H. Takahashi
We present a versatile method for signal processing as an alternative to conventional methods using discrete front-end electronics. A new Waveform Sampling Front-End (WSFE) ASIC for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) has been developed to digitize signals at an early stage. Each channel of the chip consists of a preamplifier, a variable gain amplifier (VGA) and a fast Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) per channel. Two such chips have been designed and experimental results are presented in this paper.
我们提出了一种通用的信号处理方法,作为使用离散前端电子器件的传统方法的替代方法。开发了一种用于正电子发射层析成像(PET)的新型波形采样前端(WSFE) ASIC,用于早期信号数字化。芯片的每个通道由前置放大器、可变增益放大器(VGA)和每个通道的快速模数转换器(ADC)组成。本文设计了两种芯片,并给出了实验结果。
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引用次数: 3
Practical methodology of post-layout gate sizing for 15% more power saving 布置后浇口尺寸的实用方法,可节省15%的电力
N. Miura, Naoki Kato, T. Kuroda
We present a practical methodology of post-layout gate sizing for power reduction. Wire capacitance presumed in logic synthesis typically contains excessive margin for better timing closure in layout design. Power waste due to this can be reduced by post-layout gate sizing based on information obtained by backannotation. Here, we discuss a theory of optimal gate sizing in a signal path with surplus timing. We also, propose a practical design methodology where standard cells are reselected from a cell library by the theory, replaced by engineering change order, and timing constraints are verified by a static timing analyzer. We have applied the methodology to a 700k-gate commercial application processor for 3G cellular phones. Even though the original design was optimized for 133MHz, 170mW operation in a 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS technology, power dissipation was further squeezed by 15% in combinational logic without compromising the performance.
我们提出了一种实用的降低功耗的布局后栅极尺寸的方法。在逻辑合成中假定的线电容通常在布局设计中为更好的时序闭合而包含过多的余量。由此产生的功率浪费可以通过基于反向注释获得的信息的布局后栅极尺寸来减少。本文讨论了具有剩余时序的信号路径中最优栅极尺寸的理论。我们还提出了一种实用的设计方法,其中标准单元由理论从单元库中重新选择,由工程变更顺序取代,并由静态时序分析仪验证时序约束。我们已经将该方法应用于3G手机的700k门商业应用处理器。尽管原始设计在0.18/spl mu/m CMOS技术下优化为133MHz, 170mW工作,但在不影响性能的情况下,组合逻辑进一步压缩了15%的功耗。
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引用次数: 2
Modeling of coplanar waveguide for buffered clock tree 缓冲时钟树共面波导的建模
Jun Chen, Lei He
Owing to inductive effect, coplanar waveguide (CPW) is widely used to achieve signal integrity in high performance clock designs. We first propose a piece-wise linear (PWL) model for the far-end response of a CPW considering ramp input and capacitive loading. The PWL model has a high accuracy but uses at least l000x less time compared to SPICE. We then apply the PWL model to synthesize the CPW geometry for clock trees considering constrains of rising time and oscillation at sinks. We obtain a spectrum of solutions with smooth tradeoff between area and power.
由于共面波导的电感效应,在高性能时钟设计中广泛应用于实现信号完整性。我们首先提出了考虑斜坡输入和容性负载的CPW远端响应的分段线性(PWL)模型。PWL模型具有很高的精度,但与SPICE相比,使用的时间至少减少了1000倍。然后,我们应用PWL模型综合了时钟树的CPW几何,考虑了上升时间和汇处振荡的约束。我们得到了一系列解决方案,在面积和功率之间进行了平滑的权衡。
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引用次数: 1
SPICE compatible circuit models for partial reluctance K 部分磁阻K的SPICE兼容电路模型
Hao Ji, Qingjian Yu, W. Dai
We are the fist to develop SPICE compatible circuit model for partial reluctance K. It can be combined with any partial reluctance based extraction method to perform FiLC simulation directly without the need of inverting partial reluctance matrix back into partial inductance domain or modifying conventional simulator. To build symmetrical partial reluctance matrix, we also prw posed blocked K method based on group concept to cover more magnetic couplings. Both quantitive analysis and experiments demonstrated that the combination of the SPICE compatible circuit model and the blocked K method has the best compromise between accuracy and performance among all SPICE compatible sparsificatioo techniques.
我们率先开发了部分磁阻k的SPICE兼容电路模型,它可以与任何基于部分磁阻的提取方法相结合,直接进行FiLC仿真,而无需将部分磁阻矩阵反回部分电感域或修改传统的模拟器。为了构建对称的部分磁阻矩阵,我们还提出了基于群概念的阻塞K方法,以覆盖更多的磁耦合。定量分析和实验结果表明,在所有SPICE兼容稀疏化技术中,SPICE兼容电路模型和block K方法的结合具有最佳的精度和性能折衷。
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引用次数: 10
期刊
ASP-DAC 2004: Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference 2004 (IEEE Cat. No.04EX753)
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