Solar Energy最新文献_第7页

Optimizing the Performance of Multi-Structure TOPCon Solar Cells: A Numerical Analysis using Sentaurus-TCAD 多结构TOPCon太阳能电池性能优化：基于Sentaurus-TCAD的数值分析

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.114297

Savita Kashyap , Pradeep Padhamnath , Anil Kottantharayil

Tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) is the most widely used technology for fabricating high-efficiency silicon solar cells (SCs). This technology has been successfully scaled up and is being produced commercially by major photovoltaic (PV) manufacturers worldwide. For most commercial applications, polysilicon (poly-Si) based passivating contacts on the rear side are being used. However, the current SCs can be improved further if the recombination losses on the front side emitter and under the metal contacts can be either eliminated or minimized. Furthermore, it is essential to comprehend the various fundamental mechanisms and factors that contribute to achieving higher efficiencies. This work examines the performance of various TOPCon device structures, considering both monofacial and bifacial configurations with single-side (SS) and double-side (DS) TOPCon structures. TOPCon structures based on doped poly-Si are explored and modelled through Sentaurus TCAD software. An advanced selective-emitter (SE)- based bifacial DS-TOPCon cell is proposed and analyzed to reduce parasitic absorption and contact resistivity, thereby improving current collection efficiency. By following the SE technology, the optimized device achieved an efficiency of up to 26.7%. We believe this study provides an understanding of the excellent performance of TOPCon devices and could provide a pathway for improving the performance of advanced commercial TOPCon SCs.

隧道氧化钝化接触（TOPCon）是目前应用最广泛的高效硅太阳能电池制造技术。这项技术已经成功地扩大了规模，并正在由世界各地的主要光伏（PV）制造商进行商业化生产。对于大多数商业应用，背面的多晶硅（polysi）基钝化触点被使用。然而，如果可以消除或最小化正面发射极和金属触点下的复合损耗，则可以进一步改善当前的sc。此外，必须了解有助于实现更高效率的各种基本机制和因素。本研究考察了各种TOPCon器件结构的性能，考虑了单面和双面结构的单面（SS）和双面（DS） TOPCon结构。利用Sentaurus TCAD软件对掺杂多晶硅的TOPCon结构进行了探索和建模。提出并分析了一种先进的基于选择性发射极（SE）的双面DS-TOPCon电池，以减少寄生吸收和接触电阻率，从而提高电流收集效率。采用SE技术，优化后的器件效率高达26.7%。我们相信这项研究提供了对TOPCon器件优异性能的理解，并可以为提高先进的商用TOPCon SCs的性能提供途径。

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引用次数: 0

Performance and drying kinetics of solar dryer with sinusoidal absorber plate and thermal energy storage 正弦吸收板蓄热太阳能干燥器性能及干燥动力学

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114319

S. Madhankumar , V. Suresh Kannan , Gobikrishnan Udhayakumar , Anita Kumari , Akhilesh Kumar Singh , M.N.V.S.A. Sivaram Kotha

The growing demand for sustainable and energy-efficient food items drying techniques necessitates innovative solar drying systems capable of delivering consistent performance under varying climatic environments. This research presented the performance assessment of an Indirect Solar Dryer (ISD) integrated with a Sinusoidal Absorber plate Solar Collector (SASC) and a fin-inserted paraffin wax-filled Thermal Energy Storage (TES) unit to enhance thermal retention. The system’s performance was experimentally investigated across spring and summer environments for dehydrating Momordica Charantia Samples (MCS), a high-moisture-content horticultural product. The SASC demonstrated a mean outlet air temperature of 38.23

^{°} C

in spring and 40.11

^{°} C

in summer, achieving corresponding thermal efficiencies of 23.31

%

and 25.28

%

, respectively. The ISD removed the initial moisture content of MCS from 92

%

(w.b.) to 12

%

(w.b.), requiring 12.5

hours

under spring conditions and 11

hours

during summer trials. The mean energy efficiency was 20.99

%

in spring and 19.24

%

in summer. To evaluate performance, Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) and Specific Moisture Extraction Rate (SMER) were determined, providing direct measures of energy use and drying effectiveness. Drying kinetics were examined using twelve thin-layer models, of which the Weibull distribution model gave the closest agreement with the experimental data. These results indicate that the ISD configuration achieves practical energy efficiency and offers a sustainable option for post-harvest drying.

对可持续和节能食品干燥技术的需求不断增长，需要能够在不同气候环境下提供一致性能的创新太阳能干燥系统。本研究介绍了一种集成正弦吸收板太阳能集热器（SASC）和插入式石蜡填充热储能（TES）装置的间接太阳能干燥器（ISD）的性能评估。对该系统在春季和夏季两种环境下对高含水量园艺产品苦瓜（Momordica Charantia）进行脱水试验。春季和夏季的平均出风口温度分别为38.23°C和40.11°C，热效率分别为23.31%和25.28%。ISD将MCS的初始含水率从92% （w.b.）降至12% (w.b.)，在春季条件下需要12.5小时，在夏季试验中需要11小时。春季和夏季的平均能源效率分别为20.99%和19.24%。为了评估性能，测定了比能量消耗（SEC）和比水分提取率（SMER），为能量使用和干燥效果提供了直接指标。用12个薄层模型考察了干燥动力学，其中威布尔分布模型与实验数据最吻合。这些结果表明，ISD配置实现了实际的能源效率，并为收获后干燥提供了可持续的选择。

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引用次数: 0

Wireless control in commercial concentrated solar power fields 商用聚光太阳能电站的无线控制

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.114289

Md Sadman Siraj, Aisha B Rahman, Eirini Eleni Tsiropoulou

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology plays a critical role in reducing energy costs and advancing the global transition to the renewable energy by efficiently harnessing the sunlight for large-scale power generation. Traditional CSP fields mainly rely on costly wired communication networks to control the heliostats in a real-time manner. The wired technologies, though reliable, are characterized by high installation and maintenance cost which prohibits the adoption of the CSP technology for large-scale deployments. This paper introduces a robust wireless control system designed for commercial-scale CSP fields to address these challenges. The first wireless channel model tailored to CSP environments is introduced based on real measurements collected from the National Solar Thermal Test Facility in the United States. The proposed wireless control system consists of an intelligent segmentation mechanism, a clustering approach to mitigate interference, and a dynamic routing mechanism to guarantee the ultra-reliable low-latency communication of the heliostats with the central station. Experimental results demonstrate the system’s ability to meet the stringent latency requirements (250 ms for closed-loop autocalibration and 2 s for non-closed-loop operations), while significantly reducing costs. The proposed wireless control system is validated on a 44,710-heliostat CSP field to quantify its scalability, reliability, and adaptability to environmental variations.

聚光太阳能发电（CSP）技术通过有效利用太阳光进行大规模发电，在降低能源成本和推动全球向可再生能源过渡方面发挥着关键作用。传统光热领域主要依靠昂贵的有线通信网络来实时控制定日镜。有线技术虽然可靠，但安装和维护成本高，阻碍了大规模部署CSP技术。本文介绍了一种专为商业规模CSP领域设计的鲁棒无线控制系统，以解决这些挑战。基于从美国国家太阳能热测试设施收集的实际测量数据，介绍了针对CSP环境量身定制的第一个无线信道模型。所提出的无线控制系统包括智能分段机制、减少干扰的聚类方法和动态路由机制，以保证定日镜与中心站的超可靠低延迟通信。实验结果表明，该系统能够满足严格的延迟要求（闭环自动校准250 ms，非闭环操作2 s），同时显著降低成本。所提出的无线控制系统在44,710个定日镜CSP现场进行了验证，以量化其可扩展性、可靠性和对环境变化的适应性。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in Trombe wall performance challenges, photovoltaic shading schemes, phase change material, and composite enhancements Trombe墙性能挑战的进展，光伏遮阳方案，相变材料和复合增强

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.114277

Ahmad A. Tareemi

This review examines recent advances in Trombe wall (TW) technology with particular attention to configurations that integrate photovoltaic (PV) modules, ventilated/Trombe variants, and phase change materials (PCMs). In contrast to earlier reviews that considered TWs mainly as winter passive-heating devices, the present work classifies the literature by target function (space heating, overheating mitigation/summer ventilation, and hybrid year-round use), by performance-improvement strategy (absorber/geometry modification, airflow intensification, dual-cavity layouts, PCM layering, PV shading/cooling), and by modelling route (building energy simulation tools such as TRNSYS and Energy Plus, CFD-based airflow/thermal models, and experimentally validated hybrid approaches). Across the reviewed studies, building-level applications reported CO₂ emission reductions of 7–8 t CO₂ per building per year when TW systems were used to displace conventional HVAC operations. The review further shows that PV-assisted TWs can simultaneously lower glazing heat gains, generate electricity, and improve summer comfort when combined with PCM or ventilated channels, while PCM-TW configurations are especially effective in extending the heating period and shifting peak loads. A recurring finding is that thermal performance is highly sensitive to air–gap design, vent control, and wall orientation, all of which must be tailored to the local climate. The paper also highlights current gaps, including the limited integration of PV-TW cooling with whole-building control, non-unified criteria for PCM selection for winter versus summer operation, and the relatively few studies that use fully coupled BES–CFD frameworks to optimize air-channel geometry. These gaps define clear directions for future work toward climate-adaptive, experimentally validated, and simulation-supported TW design.

本文综述了Trombe壁（TW）技术的最新进展，特别关注集成光伏（PV）模块、通风/Trombe变体和相变材料（pcm）的配置。与早期将TWs主要视为冬季被动加热设备的综述相反，本研究根据目标函数（空间加热、过热缓解/夏季通风和全年混合使用）、性能改进策略（吸收器/几何形状修改、气流增强、双腔布局、PCM分层、PV遮阳/冷却）以及建模路线（建筑能源模拟工具，如TRNSYS和energy Plus）对文献进行了分类。基于cfd的气流/热模型，以及实验验证的混合方法)。在审查的研究中，建筑级应用报告说，当使用TW系统取代传统的HVAC操作时，每栋建筑每年的二氧化碳排放量减少了7-8吨。该综述进一步表明，当与PCM或通风通道结合使用时，pv辅助TWs可以同时降低玻璃热增益，发电并提高夏季舒适度，而PCM- tw配置在延长供暖期和转移峰值负荷方面尤其有效。一个反复出现的发现是，热性能对气隙设计、通风口控制和墙壁朝向高度敏感，所有这些都必须根据当地气候进行定制。本文还强调了目前的差距，包括PV-TW冷却与整个建筑控制的有限集成，冬季与夏季运行的PCM选择标准不统一，以及使用完全耦合的BES-CFD框架来优化风道几何结构的研究相对较少。这些差距为气候适应性、实验验证和模拟支持的TW设计的未来工作确定了明确的方向。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of directional light-management on the incidence angle modifier and energy yield in photovoltaic modules 定向光管理对光伏组件入射角修正器和能量产生的影响

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.114306

Chao Zhang , Hualong Fan , Siping Wang , Lei Zhang , Zehua Sun , Cong Tang , Xiaobao Shen , Hang Li , Chen Xiang , Yinan Qiao , Guoqiang Xing , Jian Yu

Conventional photovoltaic (PV) modules lose approximately 1–2% of active area due to inactive gaps. Directional light-management technologies redirect incident light toward active regions, enhancing the utilization of irradiance. Structured reflective film strips (RFS) are widely adopted in the PV industry; however, they induce anisotropy in the Incident Angle Modifier (IAM), which cannot be reliably capture by current standardized tests. To analyze this effect, three-dimensional ray-tracing simulations were conducted, revealing a pronounced dependence of irradiance gain on incidence angle and confirming anisotropic enhancement. Under Yancheng’s irradiance distribution, theoretical calculations indicated that the 90° RFS modules achieved approximately 0.25% higher power output than the 45° modules due to anisotropic IAM behavior. Outdoor field tests using identical-cell modules confirmed this result, with the 90° module achieving 0.26% higher output, consistent with theory. An economic assessment indicated that replacing RFS from 45° to 90° would increase annual revenue by approximately 250,000 USD per GW in Yancheng, China. This study confirms the anisotropic IAM effect of directional light management and underscores its importance in structural optimization. Moreover, a validated three-dimensional (3D) ray-tracing framework is presented as a reliable tool for assessing anisotropic IAM, offering methodological and practical guidance for PV module design and deployment.

由于非活动间隙，传统光伏（PV）模块损失了大约1-2%的有效面积。定向光管理技术将入射光定向到有源区域，提高了辐照度的利用率。结构反射膜条（RFS）在光伏行业中被广泛采用；然而，它们会引起入射角修正器（IAM）的各向异性，目前的标准化测试无法可靠地捕获这些各向异性。为了分析这种效应，进行了三维光线追踪模拟，揭示了辐照度增益与入射角的明显依赖，并证实了各向异性增强。根据盐城的辐照度分布，理论计算表明，由于各向异性IAM行为，90°RFS模块的输出功率比45°模块高约0.25%。使用相同电池模块的室外现场测试证实了这一结果，90°模块的输出提高了0.26%，与理论一致。一项经济评估表明，将RFS从45°替换为90°，中国盐城的年收入将增加约25万美元/吉瓦。本研究证实了定向光管理的各向异性IAM效应，并强调了其在结构优化中的重要性。此外，本文还提出了一个经过验证的三维（3D）光线追踪框架，作为评估各向异性IAM的可靠工具，为光伏组件的设计和部署提供了方法和实践指导。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-interface optimization for high-performance electroplated copper electrodes in silicon heterojunction solar cells 硅异质结太阳能电池中高性能电镀铜电极的多界面优化

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.114309

Chuan Li , Jing Zhang , Mengqi Wang , Jiacun Xu , Zebiao Liang , Feiyang Ni , Pochuan Yang , Ying Zhang , Tao Chen , Weiyan Wang , Shiwei Tang

Copper (Cu) electroplating is a promising alternative to low-temperature sintered silver pastes for metallizing silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. For practical implementation, it is critical to simplify seed layer processes and enhance the contact and adhesion of electroplated Cu grids. This study uses electroplated nickel (Ni) seed/Cu as a metal electrode for SHJ solar cells. The impacts of ITO/Ni and Ni/Cu interfaces on the contact and adhesion properties of ITO/Ni/Cu are systematically explored. It is shown that pretreatment with a surfactant-containing acidic solution effectively removes organic contaminants, enables uniform micro-etching of the oxygen vacancy-rich layer on the ITO surface, and promotes the formation of hydroxyl-rich ITO surface. These effects enable uniform Ni seed layer nucleation and growth, reducing defects in the Ni layer and minimizing imperfections in the Cu layer. Moreover, a defect-free ITO/Ni/Cu interface is attained when the thickness of the Ni layer is commensurate with the average height of pyramids, due to the complete coverage of the pyramids and the minimization of residual stress in the Ni film. As a result, the optimized electroplated Cu electrode displays enhanced electrical and mechanical contact features, with a volume resistivity of 1.75 μΩ•cm, a contact resistivity of 0.4 mΩ•cm², and an adhesion strength of 1.25 N/mm. With these improvements, SHJ solar cells with the optimized electrodes achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.45 %, an absolute increase of 4.14 % over the reference device. This work demonstrates that multi-interface engineering is a viable strategy for high-performance, low-cost SHJ solar cell metallization.

电镀铜（Cu）是一种很有前途的替代低温烧结银浆金属化硅异质结（SHJ）太阳能电池。在实际应用中，简化种子层工艺，提高镀铜网格的接触和附着力是至关重要的。本研究采用电镀镍种子/铜作为SHJ太阳能电池的金属电极。系统地探讨了ITO/Ni和Ni/Cu界面对ITO/Ni/Cu接触和粘附性能的影响。结果表明，含表面活性剂的酸性溶液预处理能有效去除有机污染物，使ITO表面富氧空穴层微蚀刻均匀，促进富羟基ITO表面的形成。这些效应使得Ni种子层的成核和生长均匀，减少了Ni层的缺陷，并使Cu层的缺陷最小化。此外，当Ni层的厚度与金字塔的平均高度相当时，由于金字塔被完全覆盖，并且Ni膜中的残余应力最小，因此可以获得无缺陷的ITO/Ni/Cu界面。结果表明，优化后的镀铜电极具有增强的电接触和机械接触特性，其体积电阻率为1.75 μΩ•cm，接触电阻率为0.4 mΩ•cm2，粘附强度为1.25 N/mm。通过这些改进，采用优化电极的SHJ太阳能电池的功率转换效率（PCE）达到20.45%，比参考器件提高了4.14%。这项工作表明，多界面工程是实现高性能、低成本SHJ太阳能电池金属化的可行策略。

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引用次数: 0

Empirical assessment of food and energy resilience using controlled photovoltaic greenhouses in hot arid environments 高温干旱环境下受控光伏温室粮食和能源弹性的实证评估

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.114196

Anuradha Tomar

Increasing climate stress in arid regions threatens both food production and renewable energy reliability, underscoring the urgent need for integrated solutions that enhance food–energy resilience. Photovoltaic greenhouses (PVGHs) offer a dual-use strategy by combining renewable electricity generation with controlled-environment agriculture, yet their effectiveness under extreme hot-arid climates remains underexplored. This study presents one of the first season-long empirical evaluations of controlled versus uncontrolled PVGHs in northwestern India. Tomato was selected as the test crop because of its economic importance, widespread cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions, sensitivity to heat and humidity fluctuations, and moderate shade tolerance, which allows it to benefit from partial PV shading under high-irradiance conditions. A low-cost photovoltaic (PV)-powered microclimate control system was deployed to regulate temperature, humidity, and vapor pressure deficit while sustaining electricity generation. Results show that controlled PVGHs maintained stable microclimatic conditions (23.2–27.5 °C temperature, 60–65 % relative humidity, and 0.9–1.2 kPa vapor pressure deficit), compared with wide fluctuations in uncontrolled PVGHs (18.0–40.0 °C, 40–80 % RH, and >2.0 kPa VPD). These improvements translated into stronger physiological traits, with leaf area index increasing by 1.37–1.43 times and specific leaf area by 9.2 %, resulting in a 37.9 % higher marketable tomato yield. The PV system generated ∼550 kWh during the crop cycle, exceeding control loads of ∼400 kWh and leaving a net surplus of ∼150 kWh. By linking microclimate stabilization, crop physiology, yield improvement, and energy balance, this work provides critical evidence of PVGHs as climate-resilient infrastructure that enhances both food security and renewable energy sustainability in arid regions.

干旱地区日益加剧的气候压力威胁着粮食生产和可再生能源的可靠性，因此迫切需要采取综合解决方案，增强粮食能源抵御能力。光伏温室（PVGHs）通过将可再生能源发电与可控环境农业相结合，提供了一种双重用途战略，但其在极端炎热干旱气候下的有效性仍未得到充分探索。本研究首次对印度西北部可控与不可控的PVGHs进行了为期一个季度的实证评估。选择番茄作为试验作物是因为其经济重要性，在干旱和半干旱地区广泛种植，对热和湿度波动敏感，以及中等的遮荫耐受性，这使得它可以在高辐照条件下受益于部分PV遮阳。一个低成本的光伏（PV）供电的微气候控制系统被部署来调节温度、湿度和蒸汽压赤字，同时维持发电。结果表明，受控PVGHs保持稳定的小气候条件（23.2 ~ 27.5℃温度，60 ~ 65%相对湿度，0.9 ~ 1.2 kPa蒸汽压差），而非受控PVGHs（18.0 ~ 40.0℃，40 ~ 80%相对湿度，2.0 kPa VPD）波动较大。这些改良转化为更强的生理性状，叶面积指数提高了1.37 ~ 1.43倍，比叶面积提高了9.2%，可售番茄产量提高了37.9%。光伏系统在作物周期产生了~ 550千瓦时，超过了~ 400千瓦时的控制负荷，留下了~ 150千瓦时的净盈余。通过将小气候稳定、作物生理、产量提高和能量平衡联系起来，这项工作提供了PVGHs作为气候适应型基础设施的重要证据，可以增强干旱地区的粮食安全和可再生能源的可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Facile aqueous synthesis of ZnCuInSe quantum dots and modification of stoichiometry for effective application in quantum-dot sensitized solar cells 锌锌硒量子点的水溶合成及其在量子点敏化太阳能电池中的应用

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.114280

Sana Alejaber, Maziar Marandi

Alloyed quantum dots have garnered significant attention due to their tunable optoelectronic properties. In this research quaternary ZnCuInSe alloyed quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized through a novel controlled chemical precipitation method in an aqueous solution due to the low costs and ease of fabrication. The Cu/In molar ratio was mainly altered in a wide range to achieve ZnCuInSe QDs which are fully-optimized for application as light absorbing components in quantum dots sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs). Several characterizations were carried out and shown that the Cu/In molar ratio of 0.16 created the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.47 %. This efficiency was just gained with utilization of ZnCuInSe QDs as light sensitizers in the photoanode structure. In continue, the synthesis and reflux time were changed in possible area for the pre-optimized stoichiometric ratio of light absorbing QDs. It was demonstrated that ZnCuInSe nanoparticles synthesized at 3 h of reflux time in 95 °C could reveal the photovoltaic parameters of J_sc = 20.93 mA. Cm⁻², V_oc = 0.546 V, FF = 0.59 and PCE = 5.36 %. These improvements were finally justified due to the higher light harvesting efficiency and higher electron-hole lifetime which were measured within the pioneer cell.

合金量子点由于其可调谐的光电特性而引起了人们的广泛关注。本研究采用一种新颖的控制化学沉淀法在水溶液中合成了季锌锌硒合金量子点（QDs），该方法成本低且易于制备。Cu/In的摩尔比在较宽的范围内发生了变化，从而获得了ZnCuInSe量子点，该量子点可以作为量子点敏化太阳能电池（QDSSCs）的光吸收元件。结果表明，当Cu/In摩尔比为0.16时，功率转换效率最高，为4.47%。这种效率是利用ZnCuInSe量子点作为光阳极结构中的光敏剂而获得的。在此基础上，对优化后的光吸收量子点的化学计量比的合成和回流时间进行了调整。结果表明，在95℃条件下回流3 h合成的ZnCuInSe纳米粒子可以显示出Jsc = 20.93 mA的光伏参数。Cm−2,Voc = 0.546 V, FF = 0.59, PCE = 5.36%。由于在先锋电池中测量到更高的光收集效率和更高的电子空穴寿命，这些改进最终被证明是合理的。

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引用次数: 0

Defect detection network for photovoltaic panels with adaptive feature selection and dynamic channel fusion 基于自适应特征选择和动态信道融合的光伏板缺陷检测网络

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.114305

Kangye Zhang, Zhanying Li, Yu Gao, Junjie Liu, Haoyang Yu

Photovoltaic power generation has become an important part of clean energy because of its simplicity and reliability, and the accompanying detection of photovoltaic panel defects is also becoming increasingly important. However, there are many kinds of defects in photovoltaic panels, and problems such as different scales and sizes make them difficult to detect. This paper proposes a photovoltaic cell defect detection network with multi-scale feature extraction and adaptive feature fusion. First of all, we have designed the multi-scale edge information enhancement and selection framework(MSSAM), which is used to handle multi-scale feature tasks and enhance the ability to extract edge features. Secondly, we have built an efficient feature extraction network(EPSENet) to effectively extract the rich features of surface defects. Then we build a hierarchical edge-aware channel aggregation network(HECANet) by designing dynamic channel fusion(DCFA) to improve the integration ability of defect feature information. Finally, a shared convolutional detection head(SCDH) is designed to improve the ability of defect positioning and classification. The experimental results on the photovoltaic panel defect dataset show that the improved model detection accuracy has reached 90.4%, which is 5.3% higher than the You Only Look Once(YOLOv10s) model. At the same time, it performs very well in the detection of infrared thermal images, which fully demonstrates the generalisation of the model.

光伏发电以其简单、可靠的特点成为清洁能源的重要组成部分，伴随而来的光伏板缺陷检测也变得越来越重要。然而，光伏板的缺陷种类繁多，尺寸大小不一等问题使其难以检测。提出了一种基于多尺度特征提取和自适应特征融合的光伏电池缺陷检测网络。首先，设计了多尺度边缘信息增强与选择框架（MSSAM），用于处理多尺度特征任务，增强边缘特征提取能力；其次，构建了高效的特征提取网络（EPSENet），有效提取表面缺陷的丰富特征；然后，通过设计动态通道融合（DCFA），构建分层边缘感知通道聚合网络（HECANet），提高缺陷特征信息的集成能力；最后，设计了共享卷积检测头（SCDH）来提高缺陷定位和分类的能力。在光伏板缺陷数据集上的实验结果表明，改进后的模型检测准确率达到90.4%，比You Only Look Once（YOLOv10s）模型提高5.3%。同时，它在红外热图像的检测中也有很好的表现，充分证明了模型的泛化性。

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引用次数: 0

Boosting carrier collection in CZTSSe solar cells via laser-induced in situ crystallization of ITO window layers 利用激光诱导ITO窗口层原位结晶技术提高CZTSSe太阳能电池载流子收集

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.114293

Chu Liu , Shuyu Li , Yunjie Bai , Ruijian Liu , Hongmei Luan , Yanchun Yang , Bin Yao

Indium tin oxide (ITO) serves as the window layer material in Cu₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ (CZTSSe) solar cells, where its optical transparency and electrical conductivity critically determine both light absorption capacity and charge collection efficiency. Although crystalline ITO exhibits superior optoelectronic properties, conventional thermal annealing methods often lead to the degradation of other functional layers, limiting the use of ITO to amorphous or low-crystallinity states. This study proposes a laser scanning strategy to induce in-situ crystallization of ITO. Leveraging the rapid and controllable heating characteristics of laser processing, the sheet resistance of the ZnO/ITO stack is reduced from 24.4 Ω/□ to 10.3 Ω/□ (a 58% decrease), significantly enhancing lateral conductivity and carrier collection efficiency toward electrodes. Meanwhile, transmittance measurements on the CdS/ZnO/ITO stack reveal a ∼10% improvement in the 400–1100 nm wavelength range, allowing more visible light to reach the space charge region and thereby increasing solar energy utilization. Additionally, laser-induced thermal effects improve the crystallinity and reduce the sheet resistance of the ITO window layer, thereby enhancing charge collection and contributing to an impressive increase of 5 mA/cm² in the short-circuit current density of the CZTSSe solar cell. Further analysis identifies a laser-induced graded Cd distribution near the CZTSSe/CdS interface, demonstrating that laser annealing provides an effective approach for controllable gradient elemental doping. These synergistic improvements in both electrical and optical performance of the window layer collectively contribute to the notable device performance advancement.

氧化铟锡（ITO）作为Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 （CZTSSe）太阳能电池的窗口层材料，其光学透明度和电导率对光吸收能力和电荷收集效率至关重要。尽管结晶ITO具有优异的光电性能，但传统的热退火方法通常会导致其他功能层的退化，限制了ITO在非晶或低结晶度状态下的使用。本研究提出了一种激光扫描诱导ITO原位结晶的方法。利用激光加工的快速和可控的加热特性，ZnO/ITO堆叠的片电阻从24.4 Ω/□降低到10.3 Ω/□（降低58%），显著提高了侧向电导率和向电极的载流子收集效率。同时，CdS/ZnO/ITO堆叠的透射率测量显示，在400-1100 nm波长范围内，透射率提高了~ 10%，允许更多的可见光到达空间电荷区，从而提高了太阳能利用率。此外，激光诱导的热效应提高了ITO窗口层的结晶度，降低了薄膜电阻，从而增强了电荷收集，并使CZTSSe太阳能电池的短路电流密度增加了5 mA/cm2。进一步分析发现，在CZTSSe/CdS界面附近存在激光诱导的梯度Cd分布，表明激光退火为可控梯度元素掺杂提供了有效的方法。这些窗口层的电学和光学性能的协同改进共同促进了器件性能的显著提高。

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引用次数: 0