Solar Energy最新文献_第8页

A novel framework for ultra-short-term photovoltaic power forecasting based on improved transformer and weather pattern recognition 基于改进变压器和天气模式识别的超短期光伏发电预测新框架

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.114183

Qunli Wu, Chonghao Han

The accuracy of photovoltaic (PV) power prediction significantly impacts power grid dispatching and economic benefits, as PV generation output is heavily influenced by various meteorological factors. However, existing prediction methods struggle to effectively process complex nonlinear relationships among multidimensional meteorological features, resulting in unstable performance especially in small-sample similar-day scenarios. To address these issues, this study proposes a feature-enhanced Transformer deep learning framework integrating t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and variational Bayesian Gaussian mixture model (VBGMM) weather clustering with intelligent optimization for ultra-short-term PV power forecasting. First, multidimensional meteorological features are preliminarily screened using Pearson correlation coefficients, followed by secondary dimensionality reduction with t-SNE. Then, VBGMM adaptive clustering is employed to identify key weather patterns. Next, a feature-enhanced Transformer (FET) model is designed to extract temporal features, while an improved osprey optimization algorithm (IGOOA) optimizes the key parameters of FET. The framework is validated using different real-world datasets, demonstrating significant advantages in both single-step and recursive multi-step prediction tasks, making it suitable for PV power prediction scenarios with multidimensional features and small sample sizes.

光伏发电出力受多种气象因素的影响较大，其预测精度直接影响电网调度和经济效益。然而，现有的预测方法难以有效地处理多维气象特征之间复杂的非线性关系，导致预报性能不稳定，特别是在小样本相似日情景下。为了解决这些问题，本研究提出了一个特征增强的Transformer深度学习框架，该框架将t分布随机邻居嵌入（t-SNE）和变分贝叶斯高斯混合模型（VBGMM）天气聚类与超短期光伏功率预测的智能优化相结合。首先利用Pearson相关系数对多维气象特征进行初步筛选，然后利用t-SNE进行二次降维。然后，采用VBGMM自适应聚类方法识别关键天气模式。其次，设计特征增强变压器（FET）模型提取时间特征，改进鱼鹰优化算法（IGOOA）对FET关键参数进行优化。使用不同的实际数据集对该框架进行了验证，证明了该框架在单步和递归多步预测任务中的显著优势，使其适用于具有多维特征和小样本量的光伏功率预测场景。

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引用次数: 0

A proof of the exact relaxation of the complementarity constraint in firm solar power delivery 太阳能发电系统互补约束精确松弛的证明

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.114170

Wenjing Li , Dazhi Yang , Guoming Yang , Bai Liu , Yong Chen

Firm power delivery is concerned with allocating and configuring various devices and strategies, such as energy storage or photovoltaic overbuilding, to completely eliminate the generation variability from solar and wind; the underlying scientific problem is one of mathematical optimization. The state-of-the-art approach is to express the optimization problem as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP). In this brief note, it is proved that the binary variables representing the charging/discharging state of the battery and their associated complementarity constraint can be exactly relaxed in the generalized non-convex and discontinuous case, which turns the MILP into a linear program that can be solved in a snap.

企业电力输送涉及分配和配置各种设备和策略，如储能或光伏过度建设，以完全消除太阳能和风能的发电可变性；潜在的科学问题是数学优化问题。最先进的方法是将优化问题表示为混合整数线性规划（MILP）。本文证明了在广义非凸不连续情况下，表示电池充放电状态的二元变量及其相关的互补约束可以精确松弛，从而将MILP转化为一个可以快速求解的线性规划。

引用次数: 0

A study of the cooling performance of a PV-CF-PCM system based on copper foam substrate 基于泡沫铜基片的PV-CF-PCM系统冷却性能研究

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.114173

Hongwei Qu, Jieshun Mo

This study systematically investigates the cooling performance of a photovoltaic system integrated with a copper foam-composite phase change material (PV–CF–PCM) via numerical simulation, focusing on the effects of copper foam fill height (10–30 mm) and pore structural parameters (porosity: 90–96 %, pore density: 10–30 PPI). Results show that a 20 mm fill height (Case 2) yields optimal cooling performance. Compared to the non-foam baseline, it reduces the PV module’s cell layer average temperature by 6.73 °C and improves temperature uniformity by 91.30 % over 240 min. Although a 30 mm fill height (Case 3) accelerates phase change material (PCM) melting, its cooling effect does not surpass Case 2. Pore structure exerts a notable influence on heat transfer mechanisms. Higher porosity enhances inter-pore flow to improve temperature uniformity, while increased pore density strengthens conduction but suppresses natural convection. Coordinating conductive and convective pathways rationally enables simultaneous improvements in cooling efficiency and thermal homogeneity. At 20 mm fill height, among all configurations of pore density and porosity, Case 2‑3 (Case 2) achieves the best overall performance, whereas Case 2‑7 only reduces temperature by 3.90 °C. This result confirms that both the filling height and pore structure must be optimized simultaneously to achieve the best cooling effect.

本研究通过数值模拟系统研究了泡沫铜-复合相变材料（PV-CF-PCM）集成光伏系统的冷却性能，重点研究了泡沫铜填充高度（10-30 mm）和孔隙结构参数（孔隙率：90 - 96%，孔隙密度：10-30 PPI）的影响。结果表明，20毫米的填充高度（情况2）产生最佳的冷却性能。与非泡沫基准相比，在240分钟内，光伏组件的电池层平均温度降低了6.73℃，温度均匀性提高了91.30%。虽然30mm填充高度（情形3）加速相变材料（PCM）熔化，但其冷却效果不超过情形2。孔隙结构对换热机理有显著影响。孔隙度的增加促进了孔隙间流动，改善了温度均匀性，而孔隙密度的增加加强了传导，但抑制了自然对流。合理地协调传导和对流途径可以同时提高冷却效率和热均匀性。在填充高度为20mm时，在所有孔隙密度和孔隙度配置中，Case 2‑3 （Case 2）的综合性能最好，而Case 2‑7只降低了3.90℃的温度。这一结果证实，要达到最佳的冷却效果，必须同时优化填充高度和孔隙结构。

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引用次数: 0

Cooling photovoltaic surfaces with vertical or rooftop greenery: a review of mechanisms, key factors, methods and future research trends 垂直或屋顶绿化冷却光伏表面：机制、关键因素、方法和未来研究趋势的综述

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.114163

Lulu Tao, Changying Xiang

Building-integrated photovoltaic (PV) systems and greenery are effective strategies for enhancing energy efficiency and ecological value in building façades and rooftops. Integrating PV with greenery not only provides environmental and urban-scale benefits but also helps reduce PV surface temperatures, mitigating efficiency losses caused by overheating. This review summarizes the cooling effects and efficiency improvements of two common systems: PV-green roofs (PV-GR) and façade-integrated PV-vertical greenery (FIPV-VG). Key influencing factors such as distance between PV and greenery, plant species, and climate zones are discussed. Experimental and simulation-based research methods are also outlined. Plant species used in previous literature and potential plant selection with high evapotranspiration rate are summarized and recommend, respectively. This article is a comprehensive critical literature review that synthesizes existing studies and does not collect or analyze primary data. FIPV-VG systems show surface temperature reductions of 1.65 °C to 4 °C and relative efficiency increases of 0.4 % to 3 %. PV-GR systems exhibit broader ranges, with cooling from 1 °C to 11 °C and relative efficiency gains between 0.08 % and 18 %. The temperate oceanic (Cfb) and tropical rainforest (Af) zones demonstrate the highest PV yield enhancements, ranging from 0.4 % to 17.1 % and 0.1 % to 8.6 %, respectively. Sedum is the most common used species in PV-GR while Thunbergia grandiflora is recommended for FIPV-VG due to its strong evapotranspiration capacity (6 L/day/m²) and vigorous growth. The optimal distance between PV panels and greenery requires further in-depth investigation, as it significantly influences both convective and latent heat transfer.

建筑一体化光伏系统和绿化是提高建筑立面和屋顶能源效率和生态价值的有效策略。将光伏与绿化相结合不仅可以提供环境和城市规模效益，还有助于降低光伏表面温度，减轻过热造成的效率损失。本文综述了两种常见的系统：PV-green roofs （PV-GR）和farada -integrated PV-vertical vegetation （FIPV-VG）的冷却效果和效率的提高。讨论了光伏电站与绿地的距离、植物种类和气候带等关键影响因素。本文还概述了基于实验和仿真的研究方法。对文献中使用的高蒸散速率植物种类和潜在的高蒸散速率植物选择进行了总结和推荐。本文是一篇综合现有研究的综合性批判性文献综述，不收集或分析原始数据。FIPV-VG系统的表面温度降低了1.65°C至4°C，相对效率提高了0.4%至3%。PV-GR系统的适用范围更广，冷却温度从1°C到11°C，相对效率提高在0.08%到18%之间。温带海洋（Cfb）和热带雨林（Af）区PV产量增幅最大，分别为0.4% ~ 17.1%和0.1% ~ 8.6%。景天是PV-GR中最常用的树种，而大花蕊因其蒸腾能力强（6 L/d /m2）且生长旺盛而被推荐用于FIPV-VG。光伏板与绿化植物之间的最佳距离需要进一步深入研究，因为它对对流和潜热传递都有显著影响。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization of an opaque ventilated façade applied to a living laboratory: A seasonal experimental thermal performance analysis under real conditions 应用于生活实验室的不透明通风幕墙的特性：在真实条件下的季节性实验热性能分析

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.114174

Graziano Salvalai

The present work focuses on a long-term, experimental monitoring analysis of an Opaque Ventilated Façade (OVF) system applied to a dry-assembled, wood-based wall technology. The real-scale prototype of the façade was installed in the full-scale facility developed under the MEZeroE, H2020 EU funded project. A detailed monitoring campaign has been conducted during summer and winter to assess the OVF performance under real operation. The experimental study allowed the characterization of the main OVF variables: i) temperature of the OVF layers, ii) air speed inside the cavity, iii) air temperature inside the cavity, iv) heat flux across the OVF and a reference non-ventilated façade, v) correlation between the different key variables. During summer days, the minimum and maximum cavity air speed is respectively 0.6 m/s and 1.2 m/s; during winter days the cavity air speed is stable and around 0.4–0.5 m/s. In summer the OVF shows a linear correlation between the air speed and the temperature of the air cavity (R² = 0.76) and between the air cavity and the external air temperature (R² = 0.96). From an energy efficiency perspective, the OVF contributes to a reduction in peak cooling loads by approximately 2.0–3.0 W/m² and peak heating loads by approximately 0.9–1.0 W/m². Architects and engineers can use the experimental results as a reliable scientific basis to design and accurately predict the performance of similar façade systems.

目前的工作重点是对应用于干式组装木基墙体技术的不透明通风外墙（OVF）系统进行长期实验监测分析。farade的实际尺寸原型安装在MEZeroE（2020年欧盟资助项目）开发的全尺寸设施中。在夏季和冬季进行了一项详细的监测运动，以评估OVF在实际运作下的表现。实验研究允许表征主要的OVF变量：i) OVF层的温度，ii)腔内的空气速度，iii)腔内的空气温度，iv) OVF和参考非通风表面的热通量，v)不同关键变量之间的相关性。夏季空腔风速最小为0.6 m/s，最大为1.2 m/s；在冬季，空腔风速稳定在0.4-0.5 m/s左右。在夏季，OVF在风速与空腔温度之间呈线性相关（R2 = 0.76），在空腔与外部空气温度之间呈线性相关（R2 = 0.96）。从能源效率的角度来看，OVF有助于减少约2.0-3.0 W/m2的峰值冷负荷和约0.9-1.0 W/m2的峰值热负荷。建筑师和工程师可以将实验结果作为可靠的科学依据来设计和准确预测类似的farade系统的性能。

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引用次数: 0

Remote sensing compatible snow loss modelling for PV power simulations 用于光伏发电模拟的遥感兼容雪损建模

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.114132

Gustav Öhgren , Lisa Molin , Mattias Lindh , David Lingfors , Johan Lindahl

In cold-climate regions, snow can reduce photovoltaic (PV) system power output by up to 100% during individual months and as much as 34 % annually, making accurate snow loss modeling essential for reliable PV power generation simulations. To address this, we present a generalizable snow loss model, inspired by the Marion model and designed to estimate hourly snow-induced PV power losses using remote-sensing derived PV system data, including aerial imagery, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), and satellite-derived irradiance and weather data. The model is integrated into a simplified gridded PV simulation framework that reduces the computational time by 99% while matching the accuracy of the standard IV-model. The snow loss model shows consistent improvements in coefficient of determination, mean absolute error and root mean squared error, and results on par with previous snow loss studies. When incorporated into a full remote sensing-based PV power simulation pipeline, the resulting average percentage root mean square error was 5.7 % when simulating the hourly power output across 40 systems. This demonstrates that individual PV power generation from multiple distributed PV systems can be assessed at scale in cold climates, even without access to system specific technical data.

在寒冷气候地区，降雪可使光伏（PV）系统的输出功率在个别月份减少100%，每年减少34%，因此准确的雪损建模对于可靠的PV发电模拟至关重要。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一个可推广的雪损失模型，该模型受Marion模型的启发，旨在利用遥感衍生的光伏系统数据（包括航空图像、光探测和测距（LiDAR）、卫星衍生的辐照度和天气数据）估计每小时积雪引起的光伏功率损失。该模型集成到简化的网格PV模拟框架中，在匹配标准iv -模型精度的同时减少了99%的计算时间。雪损模型在决定系数、平均绝对误差和均方根误差方面均有一致的改善，结果与以往的雪损研究结果相当。当纳入一个完整的基于遥感的光伏发电模拟管道时，在模拟40个系统的小时功率输出时，得出的平均百分比均方根误差为5.7%。这表明，即使没有获得系统特定的技术数据，也可以在寒冷气候下对多个分布式光伏系统的单个光伏发电进行大规模评估。

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引用次数: 0

Optical properties and thermal stability of colored molybdenum oxide-based spectrally selective absorbers 有色氧化钼基光谱选择性吸收剂的光学性能和热稳定性

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.114182

Sheng-Jen Cheng, Jau-Shiung Fang, Yi-Yen Chen, Ting-Kan. Tsai

Molybdenum oxides (MoOx) have attracted significant attention as candidate materials for spectrally selective absorbers (SSAs) owing to their tunable optical properties and excellent thermal stability. In this study, a novel multicolored MoOx-based tandem SSA with an Al₂O₃/MoOx(H)/MoOx(L)/Cu configuration was fabricated via reactive magnetron sputtering, exhibiting high optical performance, tunable color appearance, and superior vacuum thermal stability. The optimized absorber achieved a high solar absorptance of 0.902 and a low thermal emittance of 0.053, demonstrating outstanding spectral selectivity. By adjusting the thickness of the Al₂O₃ top layer, blue, green, and yellow appearances were obtained, with corresponding solar absorptance values ranging from 0.884 to 0.902. Thermal annealing tests confirmed that the optical performance was well maintained up to 500 °C under vacuum conditions. The proposed colored MoOx-based absorbers effectively combine high photothermal efficiency, aesthetic tunability, and thermal stability, offering a promising and scalable approach for building-integrated solar thermal systems and energy-efficient architectural applications.

钼氧化物（MoOx）由于其可调谐的光学特性和优异的热稳定性，作为光谱选择性吸收剂（SSAs）的候选材料备受关注。在本研究中，通过反应磁控溅射制备了一种具有Al2O3/MoOx(H)/MoOx(L)/Cu结构的新型多色MoOx串联SSA，具有高光学性能、可调颜色外观和优异的真空热稳定性。优化后的吸收剂具有0.902的高太阳吸收率和0.053的低热发射率，具有良好的光谱选择性。通过调整Al2O3顶层的厚度，可以得到蓝色、绿色和黄色的外观，对应的太阳吸收率在0.884 ~ 0.902之间。热退火测试证实，在500°C真空条件下，光学性能保持良好。提出的彩色moox基吸收器有效地结合了高光热效率，美观可调性和热稳定性，为建筑集成太阳能热系统和节能建筑应用提供了一种有前途的可扩展方法。

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引用次数: 0

Lead-free solder alloys for PV modules: Life cycle assessment for environmental impact and toxicity 光伏组件用无铅焊料合金：环境影响和毒性的生命周期评估

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.114181

Angela De Rose, Anuja Kahane, Derya Güldali, Pamela Molina, Benjamin Grübel, Christian Reichel

This study presents a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) of interconnection materials utilized in photovoltaic (PV) module manufacturing, focusing on the environmental impacts from raw material extraction to the production stage (cradle-to-gate). The primary objective is to complement the existing research of technological comparisons of different solder alloys for PV modules by ecological aspects, such as climate change, toxicity and resource use. The conducted LCA refers to the impacts of different alloys for manufacturing one state-of-the-art full-size glass-backsheet PV module, employing the Environmental Footprint 3.1 for the life cycle impact assessment method. To identify suitable (lead-free) solder materials for future high-efficiency PV modules, the analysis includes solder alloys for the interconnection of tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) as e.g. SnAgCu or SnZn and for low-temperature soldering of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells as e.g. SnBiAg or InSn. A key finding is the dominant influence of raw materials, rather than solder alloy production itself. Scarce materials like Ag, In and Ge cause high environmental impacts if used in solder alloys. The exact material composition of the alloy plays a minor role. Avoiding toxic materials such as Pb does not automatically lead to a module with improved environmental impact. To address future PV module layouts with different amounts of solder needed, the LCA is extended to various module designs, also evaluating the influence of the Cu wires. Our results complement the technological rating for interconnection materials of PV module manufacturing by environmental arguments for a sustainable product design.

本研究提出了光伏组件制造中使用的互连材料的综合生命周期评估（LCA），重点关注从原材料提取到生产阶段（从摇篮到闸门）的环境影响。主要目标是补充现有的光伏组件不同焊料合金在生态方面的技术比较研究，如气候变化、毒性和资源利用。所进行的LCA是指制造一个最先进的全尺寸玻璃背板光伏组件时不同合金的影响，采用环境足迹3.1作为生命周期影响评估方法。为了确定适合未来高效光伏组件的（无铅）焊料材料，分析包括用于隧道氧化物钝化接触（TOPCon）互连的焊料合金，例如SnAgCu或SnZn，以及用于低温焊接硅异质结（SHJ）太阳能电池的焊料合金，例如SnBiAg或InSn。一个关键的发现是原材料的主导影响，而不是焊接合金生产本身。稀有材料，如银，银和锗，如果用于焊接合金，会对环境造成很大影响。合金的确切材料成分起的作用不大。避免铅等有毒物质并不会自动导致模块对环境影响的改善。为了解决未来需要不同焊料量的光伏组件布局问题，LCA扩展到各种模块设计，同时评估铜线的影响。我们的研究结果通过可持续产品设计的环境参数补充了光伏组件制造互连材料的技术等级。

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引用次数: 0

Recent progress on raising the efficiency of lead free double perovskite solar cells 提高无铅双钙钛矿太阳能电池效率的最新进展

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.114164

Peradon Phonglamjiakngam , Zakarya A.M. Hazaea , Mingkui Wang , Nuttapol Pootrakulchote

Lead-free double perovskite solar cells such as Cs₂AgBiBr₆ have emerged as a promising material to substitute the conventional lead-halide perovskite due to their compositional stability and non-toxicity issues. However, the relatively low power conversion efficiency (PCE), generally remaining below 2%, poses a significant obstacle to practical application. This review critically examines strategies for enhancing the performance of lead-free double perovskite solar cells and outlines future research directions. Bandgap engineering techniques, including cation and anion substitution, aim to manipulate optical absorption characteristics and electronic band structures. Interface engineering methods use special layers made of organic and inorganic materials to reduce losses that happen at the surface where two materials meet. Defect passivation via selective doping and surface treatment helps reduce trap states and enhance charge carrier transport and collection. This review investigates the development and knowledge of fundamental relationships in double perovskite solar cells to enhance their real-world performance compared with simulations. It suggests that prioritizing environmental sustainability, safety, and stability, alongside efficiency, will significantly affect global outcomes.

Cs2AgBiBr6等无铅双钙钛矿太阳能电池因其成分稳定和无毒等优点，成为替代传统卤化铅钙钛矿的一种有前景的材料。然而，相对较低的功率转换效率（PCE）通常保持在2%以下，这对实际应用构成了重大障碍。本文综述了提高无铅双钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的策略，并概述了未来的研究方向。带隙工程技术，包括阳离子和阴离子取代，旨在控制光学吸收特性和电子带结构。界面工程方法使用由有机和无机材料制成的特殊层来减少两种材料相遇表面发生的损失。通过选择性掺杂和表面处理的缺陷钝化有助于减少陷阱状态，增强载流子的传输和收集。本文综述了双钙钛矿太阳能电池的发展和基本关系的知识，以提高其实际性能与模拟相比。研究表明，优先考虑环境可持续性、安全性和稳定性以及效率，将对全球结果产生重大影响。

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引用次数: 0

Drying kinetics, quality, and carbon footprint of black cardamom under different drying systems 不同干燥系统下黑豆蔻的干燥动力学、质量和碳足迹

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.114110

Rohit Biswas , Neha Singh , Punyadarshini Punam Tripathy

Solar drying presents a sustainable and energy-efficient approach for preserving high-value agricultural crops, while reducing fossil fuel dependence and environmental impact. The study aims to evaluate the drying behaviour and quality attributes of black cardamom dried under various drying techniques, and to assess their corresponding carbon emissions and environmental impacts. A comparative assessment was done using six different drying techniques, namely, open-sun drying (OSD), traditional drying (TD), hybrid solar drying with traditional drying (HSD-TD), hybrid solar drying in winter (HSD-W) and summer (HSD-S), and tray drying (TRD), accompanied by a comprehensive analysis of drying characteristics, thermomechanical behaviour, colour, texture, essential oil composition, and microstructure analysis. The in-house developed hybrid solar dryer integrated with thermal energy storage unit enables continuous drying operation by supplying heat during off-sunshine periods. The study found the drying time of cardamom to range from 25 h (TRD) to 68 h (OSD), with the Two-term exponential, Two-term, and Midilli-Kucuk models best describing the drying kinetics and TRD exhibiting the highest effective moisture diffusivity (1.68 × 10⁻⁹ m²/s). Thermomechanical analysis showed 10.24–23.84 % and 60.67 % reductions in dimensional parameters and bulk density, respectively, and an increase of 62.96 % in thermal conductivity and 118.01 % in specific heat of dried cardamom compared to fresh cardamom. Hybrid solar dried samples showed superior colour retention and essential oil quality, preserving aromatic compounds like geranyl acetate and geranyl palmitoleate, with minimal carbon emissions (0.89–0.97 kg CO₂/kg dried cardamom). HSD-W proved most sustainable technique, balancing energy efficiency, quality, and low environmental impact for industrial spice drying.

太阳能干燥为保护高价值农作物提供了一种可持续和节能的方法，同时减少了对化石燃料的依赖和对环境的影响。本研究旨在评价不同干燥技术下黑豆蔻的干燥特性和品质属性，并评估其相应的碳排放和环境影响。采用开放式干燥（OSD）、传统干燥（TD）、传统混合干燥（HSD-TD）、冬季混合干燥（HSD-W）和夏季混合干燥（HSD-S）和托盘干燥（TRD）六种不同的干燥技术进行了比较评估，并对干燥特性、热力学行为、颜色、质地、精油成分和微观结构分析进行了综合分析。内部开发的混合太阳能干燥机集成了热能储存装置，可以在无日照期间提供热量，从而实现连续干燥操作。研究发现，豆豉的干燥时间范围为25 h (TRD) ~ 68 h (OSD)，其中2 -term指数模型、2 -term模型和midli - kuucuk模型最能描述干燥动力学，而TRD模型的有效水分扩散率最高（1.68 × 10−9 m2/s）。热力学分析表明，与新鲜豆蔻相比，干燥豆蔻的尺寸参数和容重分别降低了10.24% ~ 23.84%和60.67%，导热系数和比热分别提高了62.96%和118.01%。混合太阳能干燥样品显示出优异的保色性和精油质量，保留了香叶酰乙酸酯和香叶酰棕榈油酸酯等芳香族化合物，碳排放量最低（每公斤干豆蔻0.89-0.97千克二氧化碳）。HSD-W被证明是最可持续的技术，平衡能源效率，质量和低环境影响的工业香料干燥。

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引用次数: 0