Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.112979
Linh Ho-Tran , Stephanie Fiedler
The share of renewable energy in Germany is increasing to meet the climate-neutral targets in 2050. Weather-driven anomalous in renewable power production thus can pose greater challenges in balancing electricity supply and demand. This study investigates the seasonal differences in extreme events in photovoltaic (PV) plus wind power production in Germany for installed capacities for the present and 2050. The results indicate an increase in such extreme events in the summer half-year, mostly pronounced in May. Extremely low production with a duration of 14 days in winter is associated with atmospheric blocking, with very low wind power production anomalies of up to −37%. Summertime extremely low production is associated with stationary cyclonic weather patterns, with similar reductions in both energy sources of up to −19%. Case studies illustrate the dependency of the benefits of cross-border electricity transmission lines on the prevailing wind direction. North–South transmission lines are beneficial when an anticyclone moved from the Northwest to Germany, whereas West-East transmission lines are beneficial when a cyclone moved from the Southwest to Germany. The results imply an increased risk of extremely low power production during future summers in Germany and suggest monitoring sequences of different weather patterns for the energy sector.
{"title":"More summertime low-power production extremes in Germany with a larger solar power share","authors":"Linh Ho-Tran , Stephanie Fiedler","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.112979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.112979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The share of renewable energy in Germany is increasing to meet the climate-neutral targets in 2050. Weather-driven anomalous in renewable power production thus can pose greater challenges in balancing electricity supply and demand. This study investigates the seasonal differences in extreme events in photovoltaic (PV) plus wind power production in Germany for installed capacities for the present and 2050. The results indicate an increase in such extreme events in the summer half-year, mostly pronounced in May. Extremely low production with a duration of 14 days in winter is associated with atmospheric blocking, with very low wind power production anomalies of up to −37%. Summertime extremely low production is associated with stationary cyclonic weather patterns, with similar reductions in both energy sources of up to −19%. Case studies illustrate the dependency of the benefits of cross-border electricity transmission lines on the prevailing wind direction. North–South transmission lines are beneficial when an anticyclone moved from the Northwest to Germany, whereas West-East transmission lines are beneficial when a cyclone moved from the Southwest to Germany. The results imply an increased risk of extremely low power production during future summers in Germany and suggest monitoring sequences of different weather patterns for the energy sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 112979"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.112996
Ibrahim I. El-Sharkawy , Mohamed G. Gado , Hamzeh Sabouni , Mahmoud M. Abd-Elhady , Ali Radwan , Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil , Belal Dawoud
Nowadays, atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) attracts great attention due to its potential to address water scarcity, especially in arid regions. A key component of adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting is the adsorbent materials, which are porous materials characterized by high surface area and the ability to adsorb water vapor from the atmospheric air effectively. In this review article, a comprehensive overview of several adsorbent materials has been conducted, highlighting their inherent characteristics. Mainly, conventional adsorbents (silica gel and zeolite), hygroscopic salts, metal–organic frameworks, hydrogels, and composite adsorbents have been thoroughly discussed, along with their potential applications. Several AWH systems have also been presented. The review showed that the utilization of zeolite 13X under lower humidity levels is profoundly better; however, the vapor release entails elevated regeneration temperature. Moreover, MOF-801-P and MOF-841 showed appreciable performance based on material adsorption, recyclability, and water stability. Also, MCM-41 and Basolite A300 exhibited superior volumetric uptakes, notably at higher relative humidity (RH). MIL-101(Cr) has a remarkable adsorption uptake at high relative humidity. However, it is reported that MIL-101(Cr) could be used for low RH by shifting its step uptake using an internal cooling component. The review also indicated the main guidelines for selecting ideal adsorbents, highlighting the impacts of adsorption capacities, kinetics, regeneration, and climatic conditions on the proper selection of adsorbents for efficient AWH applications.
{"title":"Material characteristics and selection criteria for adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting: An overview","authors":"Ibrahim I. El-Sharkawy , Mohamed G. Gado , Hamzeh Sabouni , Mahmoud M. Abd-Elhady , Ali Radwan , Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil , Belal Dawoud","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.112996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.112996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) attracts great attention due to its potential to address water scarcity, especially in arid regions. A key component of adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting is the adsorbent materials, which are porous materials characterized by high surface area and the ability to adsorb water vapor from the atmospheric air effectively. In this review article, a comprehensive overview of several adsorbent materials has been conducted, highlighting their inherent characteristics. Mainly, conventional adsorbents (silica gel and zeolite), hygroscopic salts, metal–organic frameworks, hydrogels, and composite adsorbents have been thoroughly discussed, along with their potential applications. Several AWH systems have also been presented. The review showed that the utilization of zeolite 13X under lower humidity levels is profoundly better; however, the vapor release entails elevated regeneration temperature. Moreover, MOF-801-P and MOF-841 showed appreciable performance based on material adsorption, recyclability, and water stability. Also, MCM-41 and Basolite A300 exhibited superior volumetric uptakes, notably at higher relative humidity (RH). MIL-101(Cr) has a remarkable adsorption uptake at high relative humidity. However, it is reported that MIL-101(Cr) could be used for low RH by shifting its step uptake using an internal cooling component. The review also indicated the main guidelines for selecting ideal adsorbents, highlighting the impacts of adsorption capacities, kinetics, regeneration, and climatic conditions on the proper selection of adsorbents for efficient AWH applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 112996"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113033
Fadl A. Essa , Suha A. Mohammed , Ali Basem , Wissam H. Alawee , Mutabe Aljaghtham , A.S. Abdullah , Hasan Sh. Majdi , Abbas J. Sultan , Z.M. Omara , Y. Gamiel
The growing global water crisis, driven by population growth and dwindling freshwater resources, demands innovative solutions for sustainable desalination. While traditional solar still designs have been explored, their efficiency remains limited. This study introduces an advanced approach to solar distillation by integrating a modified pyramid solar still (MPSS) with two key innovations: a vertically positioned wick still (VWSS) and phase change material (PCM) enhanced with silver nanomaterials (PCM-Ag Nano). In addition, the design features two absorber plate configurations—flat and finned—coupled with emerging fins (EF) within the PCM unit to improve heat conductivity, addressing a common limitation in solar distillation systems. By incorporating PCM-Ag Nano and finned absorbers, the MPSS achieved significant improvements in desalination performance. The combined system of MPSS-FA-PCM-Ag-EF and VWSS produced a total distillate volume of 12,870 ml, representing a 154 % increase over a conventional pyramid solar still (PSS). Specifically, daily outputs of 9,270 ml, 5,050 ml, and 3,600 ml were recorded for MPSS, PSS, and VWSS, respectively. Furthermore, the enhanced MPSS configuration attained the highest thermal efficiency at 60.5 %, and the desalination cost was reduced to $0.0142/L, compared to $0.019/L for the PSS. These results underscore the potential of this novel MPSS design, which combines PCM-Ag Nano and VWSS, to deliver substantial improvements in freshwater production, thermal efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. This innovative system offers a promising alternative to traditional desalination techniques, contributing to the global effort to mitigate water scarcity.
{"title":"Maximizing desalination performance in pyramid distiller: Integration of vertical wick still and enhanced phase change material by nanoparticle and emerging fins","authors":"Fadl A. Essa , Suha A. Mohammed , Ali Basem , Wissam H. Alawee , Mutabe Aljaghtham , A.S. Abdullah , Hasan Sh. Majdi , Abbas J. Sultan , Z.M. Omara , Y. Gamiel","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing global water crisis, driven by population growth and dwindling freshwater resources, demands innovative solutions for sustainable desalination. While traditional solar still designs have been explored, their efficiency remains limited. This study introduces an advanced approach to solar distillation by integrating a modified pyramid solar still (MPSS) with two key innovations: a vertically positioned wick still (VWSS) and phase change material (PCM) enhanced with silver nanomaterials (PCM-Ag Nano). In addition, the design features two absorber plate configurations—flat and finned—coupled with emerging fins (EF) within the PCM unit to improve heat conductivity, addressing a common limitation in solar distillation systems. By incorporating PCM-Ag Nano and finned absorbers, the MPSS achieved significant improvements in desalination performance. The combined system of MPSS-FA-PCM-Ag-EF and VWSS produced a total distillate volume of 12,870 ml, representing a 154 % increase over a conventional pyramid solar still (PSS). Specifically, daily outputs of 9,270 ml, 5,050 ml, and 3,600 ml were recorded for MPSS, PSS, and VWSS, respectively. Furthermore, the enhanced MPSS configuration attained the highest thermal efficiency at 60.5 %, and the desalination cost was reduced to $0.0142/L, compared to $0.019/L for the PSS. These results underscore the potential of this novel MPSS design, which combines PCM-Ag Nano and VWSS, to deliver substantial improvements in freshwater production, thermal efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. This innovative system offers a promising alternative to traditional desalination techniques, contributing to the global effort to mitigate water scarcity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 113033"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113023
Chen Yang, Senhong Cai, Zhonghua Gou
The complexity of urban form can have a significant impact on the utilization of solar energy. While numerous studies have examined the influence of urban form on solar potential, the optimization of solar energy use in cities located at high latitudes remains a challenging subject. In this study, we focus on the high-latitude city of Glasgow, using residential buildings in urban grid cells as our sample. We calculate solar potential and urban form indicators for these buildings using the Digimap database and the ArcGIS Pro platform. Employing eight machine learning algorithms, we analyze the data and extract eight key morphological indicators that affect the solar potential of urban grid cells. Among these indicators, we select four indicators—roof slope, building density, plot ratio, and building perimeter shape factor—for cluster analysis, enabling us to classify urban building forms into five types based on their characteristics and solar potential. Our calculations demonstrate that effective utilization of solar energy offers significant zero energy potential for Glasgow. The findings of this research can provide valuable guidance in the early stages of urban planning and design, assisting policymakers in rationalizing the use of solar energy resources for sustainable urban development. Furthermore, the results help urban stakeholders identify variations in the solar potential of different building forms, aiding them in selecting appropriate building types and zones to maximize solar energy utilization.
城市形态的复杂性会对太阳能的利用产生重大影响。虽然已有大量研究探讨了城市形态对太阳能潜力的影响，但在高纬度城市优化太阳能利用仍是一个具有挑战性的课题。在本研究中，我们以高纬度城市格拉斯哥为研究对象，以城市网格单元中的住宅建筑为样本。我们利用 Digimap 数据库和 ArcGIS Pro 平台计算了这些建筑的太阳能潜力和城市形态指标。我们采用八种机器学习算法对数据进行分析，提取出影响城市网格单元太阳能潜力的八个关键形态指标。在这些指标中，我们选取了屋顶坡度、建筑密度、容积率和建筑周边形状系数四个指标进行聚类分析，从而根据其特征和太阳能潜力将城市建筑形态划分为五种类型。我们的计算表明，有效利用太阳能为格拉斯哥提供了巨大的零能耗潜力。这项研究的结果可以为城市规划和设计的早期阶段提供有价值的指导，帮助决策者合理利用太阳能资源，实现城市的可持续发展。此外，研究结果还有助于城市利益相关者识别不同建筑形式的太阳能潜力差异，帮助他们选择合适的建筑类型和区域，最大限度地利用太阳能。
{"title":"Unlocking solar potential in high-latitude urban areas: A study of morphological indicators and zero energy potential of Glasgow","authors":"Chen Yang, Senhong Cai, Zhonghua Gou","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complexity of urban form can have a significant impact on the utilization of solar energy. While numerous studies have examined the influence of urban form on solar potential, the optimization of solar energy use in cities located at high latitudes remains a challenging subject. In this study, we focus on the high-latitude city of Glasgow, using residential buildings in urban grid cells as our sample. We calculate solar potential and urban form indicators for these buildings using the Digimap database and the ArcGIS Pro platform. Employing eight machine learning algorithms, we analyze the data and extract eight key morphological indicators that affect the solar potential of urban grid cells. Among these indicators, we select four indicators—roof slope, building density, plot ratio, and building perimeter shape factor—for cluster analysis, enabling us to classify urban building forms into five types based on their characteristics and solar potential. Our calculations demonstrate that effective utilization of solar energy offers significant zero energy potential for Glasgow. The findings of this research can provide valuable guidance in the early stages of urban planning and design, assisting policymakers in rationalizing the use of solar energy resources for sustainable urban development. Furthermore, the results help urban stakeholders identify variations in the solar potential of different building forms, aiding them in selecting appropriate building types and zones to maximize solar energy utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 113023"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113026
Yonghwan Lee, Nochang Park
In this work, we demonstrate a self-powered wireless PV module monitoring system that utilizes a thermoelectric generator (TEG) to convert residual thermal energy from the PV module into electrical power. We investigated the TEG performance with and without the heat sink. Results show that the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the TEG increased to 7.2 °C with the heat sink, compared to only 1 °C without it, at a hot side temperature of 50 °C. We integrated the TEG/heat sink with the PV module, which served as the heat source, achieving a maximum output power of 0.981 mW at a voltage of 0.06 V under a temperature gradient of 3.6 °C in a 1 sun condition. We successfully demonstrated a self-powered wireless PV monitoring sensor system by integrating a step-up voltage converter, microcontroller, IR thermometer, Bluetooth communication module, and the TEG/heat sink, which generated sufficient power for the monitoring system operation. The findings introduce a novel solution for wireless PV module monitoring that operates independently of grid connections or battery power. This innovation not only signifies advancements in renewable energy management but also opens new opportunities in the Internet of Things (IoT) sector.
{"title":"Self-powered wireless sensor system utilizing a thermoelectric generator for photovoltaic module monitoring application","authors":"Yonghwan Lee, Nochang Park","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we demonstrate a self-powered wireless PV module monitoring system that utilizes a thermoelectric generator (TEG) to convert residual thermal energy from the PV module into electrical power. We investigated the TEG performance with and without the heat sink. Results show that the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the TEG increased to 7.2 °C with the heat sink, compared to only 1 °C without it, at a hot side temperature of 50 °C. We integrated the TEG/heat sink with the PV module, which served as the heat source, achieving a maximum output power of 0.981 mW at a voltage of 0.06 V under a temperature gradient of 3.6 °C in a 1 sun condition. We successfully demonstrated a self-powered wireless PV monitoring sensor system by integrating a step-up voltage converter, microcontroller, IR thermometer, Bluetooth communication module, and the TEG/heat sink, which generated sufficient power for the monitoring system operation. The findings introduce a novel solution for wireless PV module monitoring that operates independently of grid connections or battery power. This innovation not only signifies advancements in renewable energy management but also opens new opportunities in the Internet of Things (IoT) sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 113026"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113019
Qiang Gao , Zhengzheng Xie , Xiaohong Shang , Sajjad Hussain , Jianjun Yang , Xianwei Fu , Ruifeng Zhou , Yaping Yan , Qiuye Li
Converting waste organic biomass into functional carbon materials is regarded as a sustainable development strategy to address environmental pollution and energy crisis. In this work, carbon/porous carbon nitride (PCN) composite photothermal catalysts were prepared via an in-situ method with urea and phragmites spikelets as raw materials for the solar-driven hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The biomass derived porous carbon, in close contact with PCN, not only acts as a charge transfer bridge facilitating the rapid separation and migration of photogenerated charges but also serves as a photothermal carrier to enhance the kinetic process of the photocatalytic reaction. Under simulated solar irradiation (AM 1.5 G), the optimal HER rate of the composite catalyst is 4.98 mmol g−1h−1, which is 2.1 times that of pure PCN. The physicochemical properties of the materials, including morphology, crystal structure, elemental composition and state, and energy band characteristics, were determined. Additionally, theoretical calculations were employed to explore the impact of biomass-derived porous carbon on the electronic structure and band structure of carbon nitride. This work not only broadens the range of raw materials for biomass-derived porous carbon but also provides a novel strategy for promoting photocatalytic HER through synergistic multifield effects, showing broad application prospects in the field of resource recovery and green catalysis.
将废弃有机生物质转化为功能性碳材料被认为是解决环境污染和能源危机的可持续发展战略。本研究以尿素和葭穗为原料，通过原位法制备了碳/多孔氮化碳（PCN）复合光热催化剂，用于太阳能驱动的氢进化反应（HER）。生物质衍生的多孔碳与 PCN 紧密接触，不仅可作为电荷转移桥，促进光生电荷的快速分离和迁移，还可作为光热载体，增强光催化反应的动力学过程。在模拟太阳辐照（AM 1.5 G）条件下，复合催化剂的最佳 HER 率为 4.98 mmol g-1h-1，是纯 PCN 的 2.1 倍。研究人员测定了材料的物理化学特性，包括形态、晶体结构、元素组成和状态以及能带特性。此外，还利用理论计算探讨了生物质衍生多孔碳对氮化碳电子结构和能带结构的影响。这项工作不仅拓宽了生物质衍生多孔碳的原材料范围，而且通过多场协同效应为促进光催化 HER 提供了一种新的策略，在资源回收和绿色催化领域展示了广阔的应用前景。
{"title":"In situ composite of biomass derived carbon/porous carbon nitride and its enhanced performance in solar-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction","authors":"Qiang Gao , Zhengzheng Xie , Xiaohong Shang , Sajjad Hussain , Jianjun Yang , Xianwei Fu , Ruifeng Zhou , Yaping Yan , Qiuye Li","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Converting waste organic biomass into functional carbon materials is regarded as a sustainable development strategy to address environmental pollution and energy crisis. In this work, carbon/porous carbon nitride (PCN) composite photothermal catalysts were prepared via an in-situ method with urea and phragmites spikelets as raw materials for the solar-driven hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The biomass derived porous carbon, in close contact with PCN, not only acts as a charge transfer bridge facilitating the rapid separation and migration of photogenerated charges but also serves as a photothermal carrier to enhance the kinetic process of the photocatalytic reaction. Under simulated solar irradiation (AM 1.5 G), the optimal HER rate of the composite catalyst is 4.98 mmol g<sup>−1</sup>h<sup>−1</sup>, which is 2.1 times that of pure PCN. The physicochemical properties of the materials, including morphology, crystal structure, elemental composition and state, and energy band characteristics, were determined. Additionally, theoretical calculations were employed to explore the impact of biomass-derived porous carbon on the electronic structure and band structure of carbon nitride. This work not only broadens the range of raw materials for biomass-derived porous carbon but also provides a novel strategy for promoting photocatalytic HER through synergistic multifield effects, showing broad application prospects in the field of resource recovery and green catalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 113019"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113008
Qingqing Lin , Yanxia Xu , Xinmei Yang , Weijun Song , Xiaobo Yang , Ze Sun
LiNO3 exhibits excellent properties in mixed molten salts but is prohibitively expensive for practical applications. In this study, we explored the feasibility of incorporating NaNO2 as a partial substitute for LiNO3 to reduce costs while maintaining desirable performance in thermal storage systems. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman spectroscopy were employed to analyze nitrites composed of NaNO3-KNO3 (−LiNO3) with varying NaNO2 contents (0–20 wt%). The effect of NaNO2 content on the thermal stability of mixed molten salts from both macro and micro perspectives was investigated. These results indicate that in the NaNO3-KNO3-NaNO2 ternary molten salt system, increasing the NaNO2 content leads to greater NO3– vibration and enhanced thermal stability. Upon replacing LiNO3 with NaNO2, the NO3– vibration initially decreases and then increases, with the sample containing 7 wt% NaNO2 exhibiting the highest thermal stability differential of 488.11°C. This represents an enhancement of approximately 37 %, thereby surpassing the performance of the pure ternary LiNO3 molten salt system. These findings suggest that the substitution of LiNO3 with NaNO2 possesses significant potential for the design and development of new cost-effective molten salt systems with superior thermal stability.
{"title":"Thermal stability and microstructure of sodium nitrite in multicomponent molten salts: An experimental analysis","authors":"Qingqing Lin , Yanxia Xu , Xinmei Yang , Weijun Song , Xiaobo Yang , Ze Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>LiNO<sub>3</sub> exhibits excellent properties in mixed molten salts but is prohibitively expensive for practical applications. In this study, we explored the feasibility of incorporating NaNO<sub>2</sub> as a partial substitute for LiNO<sub>3</sub> to reduce costs while maintaining desirable performance in thermal storage systems. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman spectroscopy were employed to analyze nitrites composed of NaNO<sub>3</sub>-KNO<sub>3</sub> (−LiNO<sub>3</sub>) with varying NaNO<sub>2</sub> contents (0–20 wt%). The effect of NaNO<sub>2</sub> content on the thermal stability of mixed molten salts from both macro and micro perspectives was investigated. These results indicate that in the NaNO<sub>3</sub>-KNO<sub>3</sub>-NaNO<sub>2</sub> ternary molten salt system, increasing the NaNO<sub>2</sub> content leads to greater NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> vibration and enhanced thermal stability. Upon replacing LiNO<sub>3</sub> with NaNO<sub>2</sub>, the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> vibration initially decreases and then increases, with the sample containing 7 wt% NaNO<sub>2</sub> exhibiting the highest thermal stability differential of 488.11°C. This represents an enhancement of approximately 37 %, thereby surpassing the performance of the pure ternary LiNO<sub>3</sub> molten salt system. These findings suggest that the substitution of LiNO<sub>3</sub> with NaNO<sub>2</sub> possesses significant potential for the design and development of new cost-effective molten salt systems with superior thermal stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 113008"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a novel perovskite bifacial solar cell featuring ASnI2Br as the absorber material, with the A-site cation represented by EDA0.01(GA0.06(FA0.8Cs0.2)0.94)0.98, was proposed. For the first time, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of such a structure, achieving a notable 21.94% with rear-side illumination, was obtained. Additionally, the first investigation into three distinct methods for estimating the bifacial efficiency (ηbi) of wide bandgap tin-perovskite bifacial solar cells, namely, characteristics addition (CA), generation addition (GA), and mathematical modeling (MM), was implemented. To validate the efficacy estimated by these methods, we apply them to an additional baseline model calibrated extensively with an experimentally verified bifacial perovskite solar cell (PSC) exposed to concurrent front- and rear illumination. Our findings indicate that the CA and GA methods outperform the MM, with the GA method closely aligning with experimental bifacial PSC parameters. Opting for the superior GA method, our analysis showed that the estimated ηbi of the proposed device is 30.17% under 100 mW cm−2 front-side and 50 mW cm−2 rear-side illumination intensity. Furthermore, the ηbi of the proposed device was evaluated under various experimentally calculated rear-side surface spectra, revealing an optimum ηbi of 31.05% when the tile was used as the rear surface material.
本研究提出了一种新型过氧化物双面太阳能电池，它以 ASnI2Br 为吸收材料，A 位阳离子为 EDA0.01(GA0.06(FA0.8Cs0.2)0.94)0.98。首次获得了这种结构的功率转换效率（PCE），在后侧照明的情况下显著达到 21.94%。此外，还首次研究了估算宽带隙锡-过氧化物双面太阳能电池双面效率（ηbi）的三种不同方法，即特性加法（CA）、世代加法（GA）和数学建模（MM）。为了验证这些方法估算出的功效，我们将它们应用于一个额外的基线模型，该模型经过实验验证，广泛采用了暴露于前后同时照明的双面包晶体太阳能电池（PSC）进行校准。我们的研究结果表明，CA 和 GA 方法优于 MM 方法，其中 GA 方法与实验双面 PSC 参数密切吻合。我们的分析表明，在 100 mW cm-2 正面光照强度和 50 mW cm-2 背面光照强度条件下，采用 GA 方法估算出的器件ηbi 为 30.17%。此外，我们还根据实验计算出的各种后表面光谱对所提器件的ηbi 进行了评估，结果表明，当使用瓷砖作为后表面材料时，最佳ηbi 为 31.05%。
{"title":"Investigating ASnI2Br wide bandgap tin perovskite for bifacial solar cells: Modeling of bifacial efficiency with comparative analysis","authors":"Rajesh Kumar Sharma , Hitarth Narsi Patel , Dhruv Singh Thakur , Vivek Garg , Shivendra Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel perovskite bifacial solar cell featuring ASnI<sub>2</sub>Br as the absorber material, with the A-site cation represented by EDA<sub>0.01</sub>(GA<sub>0.06</sub>(FA<sub>0.8</sub>Cs<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>0.94</sub>)<sub>0.98</sub>, was proposed. For the first time, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of such a structure, achieving a notable 21.94% with rear-side illumination, was obtained. Additionally, the first investigation into three distinct methods for estimating the bifacial efficiency (<em>η</em><sub>bi</sub>) of wide bandgap tin-perovskite bifacial solar cells, namely, characteristics addition (CA), generation addition (GA), and mathematical modeling (MM), was implemented. To validate the efficacy estimated by these methods, we apply them to an additional baseline model calibrated extensively with an experimentally verified bifacial perovskite solar cell (PSC) exposed to concurrent front- and rear illumination. Our findings indicate that the CA and GA methods outperform the MM, with the GA method closely aligning with experimental bifacial PSC parameters. Opting for the superior GA method, our analysis showed that the estimated <em>η</em><sub>bi</sub> of the proposed device is 30.17% under 100 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> front-side and 50 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> rear-side illumination intensity. Furthermore, the <em>η</em><sub>bi</sub> of the proposed device was evaluated under various experimentally calculated rear-side surface spectra, revealing an optimum <em>η</em><sub>bi</sub> of 31.05% when the tile was used as the rear surface material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 113017"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113004
Bishwash Paneru , Biplov Paneru , Vikram Alexander , Silvia Nova , Nawraj Bhattarai , Ramhari Poudyal , Khem Narayan Poudyal , Mohan B. Dangi , John J. Boland
Solar energy has a high potential to promote sustainability as a renewable energy source when applied to activities like cooking and heating. A review of recent technologies shows solar cookers have a high potential to replace conventional cooking mediums in South Asia. Solar cookers that are outfitted with effective collectors that make use of Mylar tape are a valuable tool for capturing thermal energy. New designs that use features like black chrome absorbers, black pots for cooking and storing food, and changing reflector widths improve efficiency, such as the Linear Fresnel Reflector Solar Concentrating Hot Water system (LFRSCHW). These solar cookers may attain efficiency rates above 41.2% by utilizing technologies such as tilting solar panels and parabolic reflectors with Mylar tape. When scaled up, these cookers should prove to be both cost-effective and environmentally beneficial. Accepting these cutting-edge solar cooking options opens the door to a more environmentally friendly future by addressing energy demands in places like Nepal and South Asia as well as promoting sustainability.
{"title":"Solar energy for operating solar cookers as a clean cooking technology in South Asia: A review","authors":"Bishwash Paneru , Biplov Paneru , Vikram Alexander , Silvia Nova , Nawraj Bhattarai , Ramhari Poudyal , Khem Narayan Poudyal , Mohan B. Dangi , John J. Boland","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar energy has a high potential to promote sustainability as a renewable energy source when applied to activities like cooking and heating. A review of recent technologies shows solar cookers have a high potential to replace conventional cooking mediums in South Asia. Solar cookers that are outfitted with effective collectors that make use of Mylar tape are a valuable tool for capturing thermal energy. New designs that use features like black chrome absorbers, black pots for cooking and storing food, and changing reflector widths improve efficiency, such as the Linear Fresnel Reflector Solar Concentrating Hot Water system (LFRSCHW). These solar cookers may attain efficiency rates above 41.2% by utilizing technologies such as tilting solar panels and parabolic reflectors with Mylar tape. When scaled up, these cookers should prove to be both cost-effective and environmentally beneficial. Accepting these cutting-edge solar cooking options opens the door to a more environmentally friendly future by addressing energy demands in places like Nepal and South Asia as well as promoting sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 113004"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.112981
Salwa Chtioui, Ahmed Khouya
Wood drying is crucial in several sectors, exhibiting a considerable influence on the overall quality and sustainability of wood products. Solar dryer using compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) provides a sustainable solution to this challenge. This study offers a thorough examination of an indirect solar Pine wood dryer under two distinct climates using TRNSYS and MATLAB software. The wood moisture content was reduced from 50% to 10% in the Continental and Mediterranean climates.
The outcomes revealed that the drying time in Continental and Mediterranean climates was found to be 129 and 168 h, respectively. Remarkably, an amount of 1.45 kg of water vapor was eliminated from each wood layer throughout the drying process. Moreover, the study uncovered disparities in energy consumption, with region characterized by Mediterranean climate demonstrating greater energy consumption in comparison to that with Continental climate. Significantly, the implementation of the compound parabolic concentrator led to a substantial reduction in the drying duration, resulting in a time-saving of approximately 34% specifically in the Continental climate. In addition, the study calculated the yearly potential for reducing emissions, with an avoidance of 17.764 in Continental climate and 1.45 in Mediterranean climate. Furthermore, this research seeks to improve the drying process under Mediterranean climate in order to increase effectiveness and decrease the duration of drying. Therefore, the results highlight the effectiveness and ecological advantages of using compound parabolic concentrator technology in solar dryers, with implications for sustainable resource management and attempts to mitigate climate change.
{"title":"Improving solar drying efficiency of Pine wood with compound parabolic concentrator: Comparative study in Continental and Mediterranean climates","authors":"Salwa Chtioui, Ahmed Khouya","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.112981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.112981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wood drying is crucial in several sectors, exhibiting a considerable influence on the overall quality and sustainability of wood products. Solar dryer using compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) provides a sustainable solution to this challenge. This study offers a thorough examination of an indirect solar Pine wood dryer under two distinct climates using TRNSYS and MATLAB software. The wood moisture content was reduced from 50% to 10% in the Continental and Mediterranean climates.</div><div>The outcomes revealed that the drying time in Continental and Mediterranean climates was found to be 129 and 168 h, respectively. Remarkably, an amount of 1.45 kg of water vapor was eliminated from each wood layer throughout the drying process. Moreover, the study uncovered disparities in energy consumption, with region characterized by Mediterranean climate demonstrating greater energy consumption in comparison to that with Continental climate. Significantly, the implementation of the compound parabolic concentrator led to a substantial reduction in the drying duration, resulting in a time-saving of approximately 34% specifically in the Continental climate. In addition, the study calculated the yearly potential for reducing <span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>CO</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> emissions, with an avoidance of 17.764 <span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>tonnesCO</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> in Continental climate and 1.45 <span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>tonnesCO</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> in Mediterranean climate. Furthermore, this research seeks to improve the drying process under Mediterranean climate in order to increase effectiveness and decrease the duration of drying. Therefore, the results highlight the effectiveness and ecological advantages of using compound parabolic concentrator technology in solar dryers, with implications for sustainable resource management and attempts to mitigate climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 112981"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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