Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells最新文献_第10页

Our recent approaches for Si tandem solar cell modules for solar-powered vehicles 我们最近为太阳能汽车设计的硅串联太阳能电池模块

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114138

Masafumi Yamaguchi , Kyotaro Nakamura , Ryo Ozaki , Nobuaki Kojima , Yoshio Ohshita , Tatsuya Takamoto , Hiroyuki Juso , Yasuyuki Ota , Kenji Araki , Kensuke Nishioka , Shinya Iwasaki , Takashi Nakado , Takashi Mabuchi , Kenichi Okumura

Solar-powered electric vehicle (Solar-EV) applications are very attractive for CO₂ emission reduction and creation of new market. The Si tandem solar cells are very promising as VIPV (vehicle integrated photovoltaic) modules because of high-efficiency and low-cost potential. This paper presents our recent results for new world record efficiency (33.7 %) mechanically stacked 4-terminal InGaP/GaAs/Si 3-junction tandem solar cell module with an area of 775 cm². This paper also presents loss analytical results for losses of various solar cell modules and estimation of solar-EV installed with various solar cell modules such as III-V/Si 3-junction, perovskite/Si 2-junction tandem cell modules, Si, GaAs, CdTe, and perovskite single-junction solar cell modules. Under average solar irradiation with 4 kWh/m^2/day, solar-EV installed with our 3-junction Si tandem solar cell modules have longer driving range potential of about 28 km/day compared to 25.4 km/day, 21.6 km/day and 15.9 km/day for solar-EV installed with perovskite/Si 2-junction, Si and perovskite single-junction solar cell modules. Regarding perovskite and perovskite/Si tandem solar cell modules, development of high-efficiency, highly reliable and large-area modules is suggested to be essential for vehicle applications. In this paper, thermal degradation rates for perovskite and perovskite/Si tandem solar cell modules were compared with those of Si, III-V multi-junction and III-V/Si tandem solar cell modules.

太阳能电动汽车（Solar-EV）的应用对减少二氧化碳排放和创造新市场非常有吸引力。硅串联太阳能电池因其高效率和低成本的潜力，在车用集成光伏组件领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了我们最近在775 cm2面积的4端InGaP/GaAs/Si 3结串联太阳能电池组件上取得的新的世界纪录效率（33.7%）。本文还介绍了各种太阳能电池组件的损耗分析结果，以及安装各种太阳能电池组件（如III-V/Si 3结、钙钛矿/Si 2结串联电池组件、Si、GaAs、CdTe和钙钛矿单结太阳能电池组件）的太阳能电动汽车的损耗估计。在平均太阳辐射为4 kWh/m2/day的情况下，与钙钛矿/Si 2结、Si和钙钛矿单结太阳能电池组件相比，安装我们的3结硅串联太阳能电池组件的太阳能电动汽车的行驶里程约为28公里/天，而安装钙钛矿/Si 2结、Si和钙钛矿单结太阳能电池组件的太阳能电动汽车的行驶里程分别为25.4公里/天、21.6公里/天和15.9公里/天。对于钙钛矿和钙钛矿/硅串联太阳能电池组件，建议开发高效、高可靠和大面积的组件，以满足汽车应用的需要。本文比较了钙钛矿和钙钛矿/Si串联太阳能电池组件与Si、III-V多结和III-V/Si串联太阳能电池组件的热降解率。

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引用次数: 0

Accelerated corrosion performance of solar cells: A critical review 太阳能电池的加速腐蚀性能：综述

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114103

Zuraiz Rana , Douglas Olivares , Aitor Marzo , Víctor M. Jiménez-Arévalo , Edward Fuentealba , Jorge Rabanal-Arabach , Felipe M. Galleguillos Madrid

Accelerated corrosion is a key determinant of photovoltaic system degradation, particularly in environments with high moisture content and salt-exposed environments. This review explores a critical synthesis of accelerated corrosion mechanisms in solar cells, highlighting the impact of atmospheric exposure, salt ingress, and moisture penetration on material degradation. Salt spray chamber testing, based on ASTM standards, is discussed as a key method for simulating corrosion. Electrochemical techniques, including potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), are explored for their capacity to quantify corrosion kinetics and detect early-stage degradation. Morphological and structural analyses (SEM, AFM, XPS, FTIR) identify critical defects, including delamination, snail trails, and metallization discoloration (ribbon). These defects reduce electrical performance and optical efficiency. This review aims to discuss generational changes in materials and designs to enhance corrosion resistance. Propose a multidimensional framework for real-time monitoring and failure prediction. These insights are crucial to the development of robust PV technologies, particularly for deployment in extreme climates. This work connects ASTM-B117 salt spray testing with electrochemical and nanoscale characterization, providing a unique framework to explain corrosion in solar cells. This integrated approach highlights ribbon and interconnect corrosion across PV generations and proposes strategies to enhance durability.

加速腐蚀是光伏系统退化的关键决定因素，特别是在高含水量和盐暴露环境中。这篇综述探讨了太阳能电池加速腐蚀机制的关键综合，强调了大气暴露、盐侵入和水分渗透对材料降解的影响。基于ASTM标准，讨论了盐雾室试验作为模拟腐蚀的关键方法。电化学技术，包括动电位极化和电化学阻抗谱（EIS），探索了它们量化腐蚀动力学和检测早期降解的能力。形态和结构分析（SEM， AFM， XPS， FTIR）确定了关键缺陷，包括分层，蜗牛痕迹和金属化变色（带状）。这些缺陷降低了电性能和光学效率。这篇综述旨在讨论材料和设计的世代变化，以提高耐腐蚀性。提出了一种实时监测和故障预测的多维框架。这些见解对于发展强大的光伏技术至关重要，特别是在极端气候下的部署。这项工作将ASTM-B117盐雾测试与电化学和纳米级表征联系起来，为解释太阳能电池的腐蚀提供了一个独特的框架。这种集成的方法强调了光伏发电带和互连的腐蚀，并提出了提高耐久性的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental evaluation of a hemispherical solar distiller incorporated with a dish collector, V-corrugated basin, wick layer, nanofluid, and cover cooling 半球形太阳能蒸馏器的实验评价，包括碟形收集器、v型波纹槽、灯芯层、纳米流体和盖冷却

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114115

Umar F. Alqsair , Abanob Joseph , A.S. Abdullah , Swellam W. Sharshir

Freshwater scarcity, combined with the relatively low productivity and high unit water cost of conventional hemispherical solar stills, limits their practical deployment in decentralized desalination. This study experimentally investigates a reference hemispherical solar still and a modified configuration that combines parabolic dish-based feedwater preheating with four successive performance enhancements: a V-corrugated basin (Case 1), a wick layer to promote thin-film evaporation (Case 2), a carbon black nanofluid to improve solar absorption and heat transfer (Case 3), and external cover cooling to intensify condensation (Case 4). Experiments were conducted under comparable outdoor conditions while monitoring solar intensity, wind speed, ambient temperature, basin and cover temperatures, freshwater yield, and energy and exergy indicators. The main findings are: daily freshwater production increased from 3.39 L/m² for the conventional distiller to 7.17, 8.44, 9.67, and 10.87 L/m² for Cases 1–4, respectively, corresponding to a maximum gain of 220.7 % in the fully modified configuration; cumulative thermal efficiency improved by up to 114.0 % and exergy efficiency by up to 288.7 % relative to the reference still; the cost of produced water decreased from 0.0146 $/L to 0.0095 $/L, while the exergoeconomic factor rose from 2.62 to 7.29 kWh/$ and the exergoenvironmental factor from 0.91 to 5.37 tons of CO₂. Overall, the integrated use of geometric optimization, wick-assisted thin-film evaporation, nanoparticle-enhanced absorption, and cover cooling in a dish-preheated hemispherical solar still delivers substantial technical, economic, and environmental benefits, underscoring its potential as a sustainable solar desalination solution.

淡水短缺，加上传统半球形太阳能蒸馏器相对较低的生产率和较高的单位水成本，限制了它们在分散海水淡化中的实际部署。本研究实验研究了一个参考的半球形太阳能蒸馏器和一个改进的配置，该配置结合了基于抛物面碟的给水预热和四种连续的性能增强：v形波纹盆（案例1），促进薄膜蒸发的灯芯层（案例2），改善太阳能吸收和传热的炭黑纳米流体（案例3），以及加强冷凝的外部盖冷却（案例4）。实验在室外可比条件下进行，同时监测太阳强度、风速、环境温度、流域和覆盖温度、淡水产量以及能量和火用指标。主要发现是：每日淡水产量从常规蒸馏器的3.39 L/m2增加到案例1-4的7.17、8.44、9.67和10.87 L/m2，对应于完全修改配置的最大增益为220.7%；与参考蒸馏器相比，累积热效率提高了114.0%，火用效率提高了288.7%；采出水成本从0.0146美元/升降至0.0095美元/升，耗热经济因子从2.62千瓦时/美元上升至7.29千瓦时/美元，耗热环境因子从0.91吨二氧化碳上升至5.37吨二氧化碳。总体而言，几何优化、芯辅助薄膜蒸发、纳米粒子增强吸收和覆盖冷却在盘子预热的半球形太阳能中的综合应用仍然提供了大量的技术、经济和环境效益，强调了其作为可持续太阳能脱盐解决方案的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Electrochromic materials based on surface-confined terpyridine assemblies prepared via click chemistry 通过点击化学制备的基于表面约束三联吡啶组件的电致变色材料

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114087

Marjan Saedi , Yelyzaveta V. Antsybora , Vittoria-Ann DiPalo, Iraklii I. Ebralidze, Ali Nemati, E. Bradley Easton, Olena V. Zenkina

In this work, we propose a methodology to create electrochromic materials (ECMs) using an on-surface click chemistry approach. We demonstrate that the click reaction between azide-terminated on-surface siloxane template ((4-azidophenyl)- or (4-(azidomethyl)phenyl)- siloxane layers) and the electrochromic (EC) molecular unit bearing accessible triple bonds, (bis-4'-(4-ethynyl-phenyl)-2,2':6′,2″-terpyridine) iron (II) complex), allows for an effective covalent embedding of well-defined molecular EC units into the porous conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) support. We show that minor structural modifications of the molecular moieties of the templating layer result in notable changes in the packing densities of the molecules on the surface of the support and significantly affect the performance and stability of the resulting EC materials. In more detail, the presence of only one additional CH₂ unit in the templating layer results in higher packing density on the surface. Resulting EC devices demonstrate rapid switching times on par with ED devices that utilize similar terpyridine-based EC moieties attached to the templating layer via N-alkylation and overall better long-term cycling durability. The click approach enables the construction of diverse EC molecular architectures, facilitating precise structural design and property tuning. We believe that the presented methodology holds significant promise for developing a broad range of novel EC materials.

在这项工作中，我们提出了一种使用表面点击化学方法来创建电致变色材料（ecm）的方法。我们证明了叠氮化物端接的表面硅氧烷模板（（4-叠氮苯基）-或（4-（叠氮多甲基）苯基）-硅氧烷层）与带有可达三键的电致致色（EC）分子单元（双-4'-（4-乙基-苯基）-2,2':6 '，2″-三吡啶）铁（II）配合物)之间的点击反应，允许将定义良好的分子EC单元有效地共价嵌入到多孔导电氧化铟锡（ITO）载体中。我们发现，模板层分子部分的微小结构修饰会导致支架表面分子的堆积密度发生显著变化，并显著影响所得EC材料的性能和稳定性。更详细地说，在模板层中只有一个额外的CH2单元的存在导致表面上更高的堆积密度。由此产生的EC器件显示出与ED器件相当的快速开关时间，这些器件利用类似的基于三吡啶的EC基团通过n -烷基化附着在模板层上，并且总体上具有更好的长期循环耐久性。点击方法可以构建不同的EC分子结构，促进精确的结构设计和属性调整。我们相信所提出的方法对于开发广泛的新型EC材料具有重要的前景。

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引用次数: 0

Hotspot risk assessment model for TOPCon solar cells based on reverse-biased EL imaging 基于逆偏EL成像的TOPCon太阳能电池热点风险评估模型

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114127

Ying Du , Ziqiang Cheng , Tingting Li , Shan Xin , Taotao Hu , Jixian Song , Shuhai Zhang , Yang Tao , Yinfeng Jiang , Kai Wang , Wusong Tao , Dawei Zhang

Temperature management is of great significance for ensuring the stability and reliability of photovoltaic (PV) modules. The “hotspot” phenomenon, a localized temperature rise in solar cells due to the current mismatch, pose a significant operational risk. This study introduces a rapid hotspot risk assessment method for TOPCon cells based on reverse-biased electroluminescence (EL) imaging. The proposed model predicts both the location and severity of heating under reverse bias, outputing an evaluation parameter that serves as screening criteria to identify and eliminate high-risk cells. Experimental results indicate that PV modules built with screened cells exhibit a 5–13 °C reduction in hotspot temperature, effectively controlling the hotspot temperature below 171 °C. Furthermore, a 40-day outdoor test confirms that this approach reduces power generation loss by approximately 1 %. As this method requires only EL images as input, it offers excellent compatibility for seamless integration into industrial production lines, enabling proactive hotspot risk mitigation in the manufacture process of PV modules.

温度管理对于保证光伏组件的稳定性和可靠性具有重要意义。“热点”现象，即由于电流不匹配导致的太阳能电池局部温度上升，构成了重大的操作风险。提出了一种基于逆偏电致发光成像的TOPCon细胞热点风险快速评估方法。该模型预测了反向偏置下加热的位置和严重程度，并输出一个评估参数，作为识别和消除高风险细胞的筛选标准。实验结果表明，使用筛选过的电池构建的光伏组件的热点温度降低了5-13℃，有效地将热点温度控制在171℃以下。此外，一项为期40天的室外测试证实，这种方法可将发电损失降低约1%。由于该方法只需要EL图像作为输入，因此具有良好的兼容性，可以无缝集成到工业生产线中，从而在光伏组件制造过程中主动降低热点风险。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancement of solar desalination efficiency using nanocoated pebble-based heat storage in pyramid solar stills 金字塔式太阳能蒸馏器纳米包覆卵石储热提高太阳能脱盐效率

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114128

Parth Gaud, Nirmal Nayak, Vaidik Patel, Ujjwal Patel, Dhruv Patel

Global freshwater scarcity demands sustainable, low-cost desalination technologies capable of operating with renewable energy. This study investigates a Modified Pyramidal Solar Still (MPSS) employing nanocoated pebbles as a high-capacity sensible heat storage medium to enhance freshwater production. Natural pebbles were coated with copper oxide (CuO) using a dip-coating process and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using spray coating, then placed as a thermal layer in a 1 m² pyramid solar still. Experiments were performed over five consecutive days (14–18 June 2025) at Parul University, Vadodara, India (22.288 °N, 73.363 °E). Key operating parameters, including basin water temperature, pebble temperature, glass cover temperature, solar irradiance, wind speed, and hourly freshwater yield, were recorded with a PT100 RTD network, EKO MS80S pyranometer, Lutron AM-4201 anemometer, and Agilent DAQ970A data acquisition system. Results demonstrate a clear performance enhancement relative to the Conventional Pyramidal Solar Still (CPSS). Energy efficiency increased from 19.19 % in the CPSS to 29.55 % with CuO-coated pebbles and 30.50 % with CNT-coated pebbles, while exergy efficiency improved from 1.70 % to 3.80 % and 4.10 %, respectively. Daily freshwater yield rose from 2.8 L/m² for the CPSS to 3.6 L/m² (CuO) and 4.3 L/m² (CNT). These findings confirm that integrating nanocoated pebbles with optimized pyramid geometry is an effective and scalable strategy for improving both the quantity and quality of solar desalination.

全球淡水短缺需要可持续的、低成本的海水淡化技术，这些技术能够使用可再生能源。本研究研究了一种采用纳米包覆卵石作为大容量显热储存介质的改良金字塔型太阳能蒸馏器（MPSS），以提高淡水产量。采用浸涂法在天然鹅卵石上涂上氧化铜（CuO），采用喷涂法在天然鹅卵石上涂上碳纳米管（CNTs），然后将其作为热层放置在1平方米的金字塔太阳能蒸馏器中。实验在印度Vadodara（22.288°N, 73.363°E）的Parul大学连续5天（2025年6月14-18日）进行。通过PT100 RTD网络、EKO MS80S高温仪、Lutron AM-4201风速仪和Agilent DAQ970A数据采集系统记录关键运行参数，包括盆地水温、卵石温度、玻璃盖温度、太阳辐照度、风速和每小时淡水产量。结果表明，与传统的金字塔式太阳蒸馏器（CPSS）相比，该装置的性能有明显提高。CPSS的能量效率从19.19%提高到镀cuo鹅卵石的29.55%和镀cnt鹅卵石的30.50%，而火用效率分别从1.70%提高到3.80%和4.10%。日淡水产量由CPSS组的2.8 L/m2提高到CuO组的3.6 L/m2和CNT组的4.3 L/m2。这些发现证实，将纳米包覆卵石与优化的金字塔几何结构相结合是一种有效且可扩展的策略，可以提高太阳能海水淡化的数量和质量。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical investigation of crack propagation in PV modules with initial micro-cracks 具有初始微裂纹的光伏组件裂纹扩展数值研究

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114120

Bowen Jiao , Qinghe Fang , Chunhui Liu , Yuyun Zhang , Yunpeng Shen , Yu Shen , Anxin Guo

The recent surge in interest in photovoltaic (PV) systems has served to underscore the potential ramifications of cracks in silicon cells on their output power. Most existing studies focus on the effects of cracks on the output power of PV modules or PV power stations. However, the literature on the dynamic progress of a crack in the silicon cell under external loads remains limited. In this study, a 3D FE model was established to investigate the propagation of cracks in silicon cells in a PV module. The XFEM technique was employed to capture the behavior of cracks generated by external loads. The numerical model was compared with experimental results obtained by electroluminescence. Using the validated model, the effect of the mounting location of the PV module, and the initial status of micro-cracks on crack propagation in the silicon cell was investigated. Notably, the mounting location of the PV module significantly influences the maximum principal stress and deflection of the silicon cells. The initial status of micro-cracks plays a crucial role during the propagation of cracks in silicon cells. This study provides insights into the propagation of micro-cracks in silicon cells, which would serve as instrumental inputs in designing PV systems.

最近人们对光伏（PV）系统的兴趣激增，突显了硅电池裂纹对其输出功率的潜在影响。现有的研究大多集中在裂缝对光伏组件或光伏电站输出功率的影响上。然而，关于外部载荷作用下硅电池裂纹动态过程的文献仍然有限。在这项研究中，建立了三维有限元模型来研究光伏组件中硅电池的裂纹扩展。采用XFEM技术对受外荷载作用下的裂纹进行了分析。将数值模型与电致发光实验结果进行了比较。利用验证过的模型，研究了光伏组件安装位置和微裂纹初始状态对硅电池裂纹扩展的影响。值得注意的是，光伏组件的安装位置显著影响硅电池的最大主应力和挠度。微裂纹的初始状态对硅电池裂纹的扩展起着至关重要的作用。这项研究提供了对硅电池微裂纹传播的见解，这将作为设计光伏系统的工具输入。

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引用次数: 0

Atomic-scale insights into UV-induced degradation in silicon heterojunction solar cells: The role of phosphorus-doped hydrogenated silicon oxycarbide layers 紫外诱导的硅异质结太阳能电池降解的原子尺度研究：磷掺杂氢化碳化硅层的作用

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114123

X.L. Jiang , X.Y. Chen , J.B. Zhang , Z.N. Zhang , F.L. Liu , L.J. Gou , W.J. Xue , B. Cao , H.P. Yin , J.Y. Jiang , S.L. Yuan , J.N. Ding , Z. Ouyang , M. Green , Q.Q. Wang

Silicon heterojunction (HJT) solar cells are promising for high-efficiency photovoltaics, yet their long-term reliability under ultraviolet (UV) exposure remains a critical challenge. This study reveals the atomic-scale mechanisms behind UV-induced degradation (UVID) in HJT cells, focusing on phosphorus-doped hydrogenated silicon oxycarbide layers. By varying radio-frequency (RF) power density during deposition, we demonstrate that the chemical composition of these layers dictates their UVID behavior. UV irradiation ruptures Si-H_x bonds, which degrades passivation quality but enhances layer conductivity. The competition between these two effects governs cell performance, resulting in an initial rise followed by a subsequent decline in the photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE). After 60 kWh/m² of UV exposure, the PCE degradation of HJT cells ranges from 1.2 % to 6 %, depending on the level of carbon and oxygen incorporation controlled by the RF power density. Notably, phosphorus-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxycarbide (n-a-SiCO:H) layer exhibits superior UV stability compared to nanocrystalline counterparts, attributed to reduced outgassing of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. These findings provide key insights into the design of UV-resistant HJT solar cells by linking material properties to degradation mechanisms, thereby facilitating the development of more durable photovoltaic technologies.

硅异质结（HJT）太阳能电池有望成为高效光伏电池，但其在紫外线（UV）照射下的长期可靠性仍然是一个关键挑战。本研究揭示了HJT细胞中紫外线诱导降解（UVID）的原子尺度机制，重点研究了掺磷氢化碳化硅层。通过在沉积过程中改变射频（RF）功率密度，我们证明了这些层的化学成分决定了它们的UVID行为。紫外线照射破坏了Si-Hx键，降低了钝化质量，但提高了层的导电性。这两种效应之间的竞争决定了电池的性能，导致光伏转换效率（PCE）的初始上升，随后下降。在60 kWh/m2的紫外线照射后，HJT电池的PCE降解范围从1.2%到6%，这取决于由射频功率密度控制的碳和氧结合水平。值得注意的是，与纳米晶相比，掺磷的氢化非晶氧化硅（n-a-SiCO:H）层表现出优越的紫外线稳定性，这归因于氢、碳和氧的脱气减少。这些发现通过将材料特性与降解机制联系起来，为抗紫外线HJT太阳能电池的设计提供了关键见解，从而促进了更耐用的光伏技术的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced short-circuit current density in epitaxial InGaP/GaAs/Si triple-junction solar cells enabled by wide bandgap n-AlGaAs buffers 宽带隙n-AlGaAs缓冲器增强外延InGaP/GaAs/Si三结太阳能电池的短路电流密度

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114133

Yeonhwa Kim , Hyun-Beom Shin , Eunkyo Ju , Tsimafei Laryn , Taehee Kim , In-Hwan Lee , Ho Kwan Kang , Won Jun Choi , Daehwan Jung

Epitaxial integration of III−V solar cells on a silicon substrate offers large-scale, relatively low-fabrication cost, and high-efficiency photovoltaics. However, challenges remain in realizing wide bandgap III-V buffers with low threading dislocation density (TDD) and low parasitic absorption. To address the issues, we explore the epitaxial growth of n-Al_xGa_1-xAs (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10) buffers on Si to enhance short-circuit current (J_sc) of the III-V/Si tandem cells. Photoluminescence measurements confirm an increased bandgap of 1.55 eV for n-Al_0.10Ga_0.90As buffer. Higher Al composition increases the TDD while the buffer roughness remains almost constant. Notably, the 1.55 eV n-AlGaAs buffer achieves a TDD of 2.5 × 10⁷ cm⁻² with two asymmetric step-graded filters. As a proof of concept, GaAs/Si tandem and InGaP/GaAs/Si triple-junction cells achieve enhanced J_sc of 8.0 and 8.5 mA/cm², respectively. This study demonstrates the feasibility of high bandgap n-Al_xGa_1-xAs buffers to enhance the J_sc in Si bottom cells, advancing the development of high-efficiency, low-cost III-V/Si multi-junction solar cells.

III−V太阳能电池在硅衬底上的外延集成提供了大规模、相对低的制造成本和高效率的光伏电池。然而，实现具有低螺纹位错密度（TDD）和低寄生吸收的宽带隙III-V缓冲器仍然存在挑战。为了解决这个问题，我们探索了n-AlxGa1-xAs （x = 0,0.05, 0.10）缓冲液在Si上的外延生长，以提高III-V/Si串联电池的短路电流（Jsc）。光致发光测量证实n-Al0.10Ga0.90As缓冲带隙增加了1.55 eV。较高的Al成分增加了TDD，而缓冲层的粗糙度几乎保持不变。值得注意的是，1.55 eV n-AlGaAs缓冲器通过两个不对称阶跃渐变滤波器实现了2.5 × 107 cm−2的TDD。作为概念验证，GaAs/Si串联和InGaP/GaAs/Si三结电池分别实现了8.0和8.5 mA/cm2的Jsc增强。本研究证明了高带隙n-AlxGa1-xAs缓冲液增强硅底电池Jsc的可行性，推动了高效、低成本III-V/Si多结太阳能电池的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Decapsulating waste photovoltaic laminated modules using a green solvent terpinolene coupled ultrasound: directional bond cleavage and infinite swelling of EVA 绿色溶剂萜烯耦合超声解封废光伏层压组件：定向键裂解和EVA无限膨胀

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114110

Chunmu Wang, Jiahua Lu, Jie Zhu, Jujun Ruan

Decapsulation constitutes the critical initial phase in the recycling of waste photovoltaic (PV) laminated modules. Wet decapsulation has emerged as a prominent research focus. However, the underlying removal mechanisms of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) encapsulants remain insufficiently characterized, and the optimal solvent has not been selected. This article introduces a green alternative solvent terpinolene to decapsulate waste PV laminated modules. The decapsulation parameters were optimized. The waste PV laminated modules could be completely decapsulated under the identified optimal conditions: 2 cm × 2 cm specimens treated with 90 wt% terpinolene solvent under 800 W ultrasound agitation for 55 min. This study reveals the decapsulation mechanism: the ultrasonic field caused the water and terpinolene to produce O· and groups containing methylene radicals. The free radicals approached the directional C-C and C-O bonds in the bridging structure and the directional C-C bonds in the backbones of EVA and oxidized them to make them interrupt and to be grafted. EVA molecules were broken into multiple and smaller organic molecules, resulting in a swelling effect and loss of viscosity, thus prompting the laminated modules to decapsulate. We report for the first time the use of the green solvent terpinolene coupled to ultrasonic efficiently decapsulating waste photovoltaic laminated modules. And this study pioneers the discovery of the infinite swelling induced by terpinolene-mediated radical reactions in PV EVA encapsulants. It provides scientific information and key technologies for the decapsulating of waste PV laminated modules, the recycling of materials and the closed-loop development of PV industry.

解封装是回收废弃光伏（PV）层压模块的关键初始阶段。湿解囊已成为一个突出的研究热点。然而，对乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯（EVA）包封剂的潜在去除机理的研究还不够充分，也没有选择最佳的溶剂。本文介绍了一种绿色替代溶剂萜烯对废弃光伏叠层组件进行脱胶囊处理。优化了解封装工艺参数。在确定的最佳条件下，废弃PV层压组件可以完全脱封：2 cm × 2 cm的样品，用90%的萜烯溶剂在800 W超声搅拌下搅拌55 min。本研究揭示了其解囊机制：超声场使水和萜烯产生含有亚甲基自由基的O·和基团。自由基接近桥接结构中的定向C-C和C-O键以及EVA骨架中的定向C-C键，并将其氧化，使其中断并接枝。EVA分子被分解成多个更小的有机分子，导致膨胀效应和粘度损失，从而促使层压模块脱胶囊。我们首次报道了利用绿色溶剂萜烯偶联超声高效解封废光伏层压组件。本研究率先发现了由萜烯介导的自由基反应在PV EVA封装剂中引起的无限肿胀。为废旧光伏叠层组件解封、材料回收利用、光伏产业闭环发展提供科学信息和关键技术。

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