Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells最新文献_第10页

Enhanced performance of silicon heterojunction solar cells with double-layer structure of p-side indium tin oxide film p侧氧化铟锡双层结构增强硅异质结太阳能电池性能

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114086

Chuangen Xu , Tao Rao , Hongtao Hou , Hongbo Li , Xiaojun Ye

Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells have been heavily investigated for their low temperature coefficient and high bifaciality. Within the extensive research on SHJ solar cells, transparent conductive oxide (TCO), particularly indium tin oxide (ITO), have been a major focus due to their dual roles: ensuring efficient lateral conductance to minimize resistive losses, and optimizing light transmittance to minimize absorption losses. Due to the trade-off between the optical and electrical performance of ITO, researches on improving the optical and electrical performance simultaneously have been carried out. This study proposes a p-side double-layer ITO film with the bottom layer to be highly oxygen doped to enhance the optoelectrical properties of the ITO film, improving the contact between the ITO film and the underlying micro-crystalline silicon passivation layer, thereby enhancing the performance of SHJ solar cells. By incorporating a p-side double-layer ITO film with the bottom layer to have the optimized oxygen doping concentration of 2.7 %, enhancements in short-circuit current density (J_sc) (+0.11 mA cm⁻²), fill factor (FF) (+0.15 %), and consequently, power conversion efficiency (PCE) (+0.097 %) were achieved, while maintaining open-circuit voltage (V_oc). This work contributes to the ongoing development and optimization of double-layer ITO films. Such double-layer structures offer the potential to overcome the optoelectrical trade-offs inherent in single-layer ITO films, thereby enabling enhanced performance in SHJ solar cells.

硅异质结（SHJ）太阳能电池以其低温系数低、双面性好等优点得到了广泛的研究。在SHJ太阳能电池的广泛研究中，透明导电氧化物（TCO），特别是氧化铟锡（ITO），由于其双重作用而成为主要焦点：确保有效的横向电导以最大限度地减少电阻损耗，并优化透光率以最大限度地减少吸收损耗。由于ITO的光学和电性能之间的权衡，同时提高其光学和电性能的研究已经展开。本研究提出了一种p侧双层ITO薄膜，底层高氧掺杂，以增强ITO薄膜的光电性能，改善ITO薄膜与底层微晶硅钝化层的接触，从而提高SHJ太阳能电池的性能。通过将p侧双层ITO膜与底层结合，优化氧掺杂浓度为2.7%，可以提高短路电流密度（Jsc）（+0.11 mA cm−2），填充因子（FF）（+ 0.15%），从而提高功率转换效率（PCE）（+ 0.097%），同时保持开路电压（Voc）。这项工作有助于双层ITO薄膜的持续发展和优化。这种双层结构提供了克服单层ITO薄膜固有的光电权衡的潜力，从而增强了SHJ太阳能电池的性能。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of firing temperature and silver–aluminum paste intermixing on front contact quality and performance of TOPCon silicon solar cells 烧成温度和银铝混合对TOPCon硅太阳电池前接触质量和性能的影响

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114085

Martin Krejci , Julien Hurni , Ezgi Genç , Jaroslav Čech , Jaroslav Kuliček , Egor Ukraintsev , Petr Haušild , Bohuslav Rezek , Franz-Josef Haug

We present a microstructural analysis of the front metallization in TOPCon solar cells by using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Kelvin probe microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Correlative imaging at the cross section of front contacts interface with secondary electrons and with back-scattered electrons is a suitable method to identify contact formation in small localized areas where silicon intermixes with elements from the metallization paste. Three different types of intermixing have been identified; two shallow types are located either in the valley between the pyramids of the surface texture or on their facets near the tips. For contacts formed at higher temperature we detected sporadically a third type whose depth typically exceeds one micrometer. Likely this type of contact pierces through the emitter region, leading to losses in the open circuit voltage by creating shunts across the

p

-

n

junction of the cell. By statistically evaluating the dimensions of the intermixed areas we estimate electrical contact area fractions of 0.3% and 1 % for a firing temperatures of 780 °C and 840 °C, respectively. These area fractions are consistent with discrepancies between our measured values for contact resistivity and reported data for ideal full area contacts.

利用扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱、开尔文探针显微镜和原子力显微镜对TOPCon太阳能电池的前金属化进行了微观结构分析。在含二次电子和后散射电子的前接触界面横截面上进行相关成像是识别硅与金属化浆料中元素混合的小局部接触形成的一种合适方法。已经确定了三种不同类型的混合；两种浅类型要么位于表面纹理金字塔之间的山谷中，要么位于其尖端附近的切面上。对于在较高温度下形成的触点，我们偶尔发现第三种触点，其深度通常超过一微米。很可能这种类型的接触穿过发射极区域，通过在电池的pn结上产生分流导致开路电压的损失。通过统计评估混合区域的尺寸，我们估计在780°C和840°C的烧结温度下，电接触面积分别为0.3%和1%。这些面积分数与我们的接触电阻率测量值与理想全面积接触报告数据之间的差异是一致的。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review of hole-transporting materials for inverted perovskite solar cells 反向钙钛矿太阳能电池空穴传输材料综述

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114079

Wenlong Zhou , Yi Fang , Chunxiu Zhang , Mingsi Xie , Ting Geng , Ruijuan Liao , Xiaoli Song , Wentao Kang , Ao Zhang , Ti Wu , Haifeng Yu

Inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) have garnered significant attention as next-generation photovoltaic technologies due to their superior stability, low-temperature processability, and compatibility with flexible substrates. Central to their performance is the hole transport layer (HTL), which governs charge extraction, energy-level alignment, and interfacial recombination. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of state-of-the-art hole-transporting materials (HTMs) employed in IPSCs, including organic small molecules, conductive polymers, and inorganic semiconductors. We systematically discuss their electronic properties, interfacial behaviors, and impact on device performance. In addition, various optimization strategies—such as doping, surface modification, and interface engineering—are examined for their effectiveness in improving HTL functionality and overall device efficiency. Recent advancements in self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and composite HTLs are also highlighted as promising directions. This work aims to elucidate the structure–property–performance relationships of HTMs in IPSCs and offers insights into material design principles that can guide future innovations toward scalable, high-efficiency, and stable perovskite solar technologies.

反向钙钛矿太阳能电池（IPSCs）由于其优越的稳定性、低温可加工性和与柔性衬底的兼容性，作为下一代光伏技术已经引起了广泛的关注。它们的核心性能是空穴传输层（HTL），它控制电荷提取、能级排列和界面重组。本文综述了用于IPSCs的最先进的空穴传输材料（HTMs），包括有机小分子、导电聚合物和无机半导体。我们系统地讨论了它们的电子特性、界面行为以及对器件性能的影响。此外，还研究了各种优化策略（如掺杂、表面修饰和接口工程）在改进html功能和整体设备效率方面的有效性。自组装单层膜（SAMs）和复合HTLs的最新进展也被强调为有前途的方向。这项工作旨在阐明HTMs在ipsc中的结构-性能-性能关系，并为材料设计原则提供见解，这些原则可以指导未来的可扩展，高效和稳定的钙钛矿太阳能技术创新。

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引用次数: 0

Two-terminal perovskite/crystalline silicon tandem solar cells perform under mismatched spectrum 双端钙钛矿/晶体硅串联太阳能电池在不匹配光谱下表现良好

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114073

Ruixiao Wang , Jinghan Yao , Zemin Zhang , Lei Tao , Linchuan Ma , Yuelong Li

For the monolithic tandem solar cell (TSC) with two-terminal architecture, it is critical to divide the spectrum reasonably and attain current matching between top and bottom sub cells to improve overall efficiency. Typically, the photovoltaic characterizations are based on the standard spectrum AM1.5G, but the incident spectrum under actual working conditions often differ from AM1.5G, which impairs the overall efficiency of the TSCs. In this paper, we combine the transfer-matrix method and the global search algorithm to simulate and optimize the performance of the two-terminal perovskite/c-Si TSC under the standard and the actual spectrum. Conclusively, the optimal bandgap of the perovskite absorbers within the top sub cells which enables the maximum efficiency is 1.68 eV and the thickness is 466 nm under the standard AM1.5G spectrum. Additionally, we develop targeted optimization methods for different seasons. The optimized TSC demonstrates up to a 4.3 % (absolute value) improvement in efficiency and an 9.5 % improvement in annual output energy density. Additionally, optimization based on the summer spectrum can yield high annual output energy density across areas with varying photovoltaic potentials. This suggests a generally applicable optimization strategy for the practical enhancement of solar cells.

对于具有双端结构的单片串联太阳能电池（TSC）来说，合理划分光谱和实现上下子电池之间的电流匹配是提高整体效率的关键。通常，光伏表征基于标准光谱AM1.5G，但实际工作条件下的入射光谱往往与AM1.5G不同，这损害了tsc的整体效率。本文结合传递矩阵法和全局搜索算法，对钙钛矿/c-Si双端TSC在标准光谱和实际光谱下的性能进行了模拟和优化。综上所述，在标准AM1.5G光谱下，钙钛矿吸收体在顶部亚电池内的最佳带隙为1.68 eV，厚度为466 nm，可实现最大效率。此外，我们还针对不同的季节制定了有针对性的优化方法。优化后的TSC效率提高了4.3%（绝对值），年输出能量密度提高了9.5%。此外，基于夏季光谱的优化可以在不同光伏潜力的地区产生较高的年输出能量密度。这为太阳能电池的实际增强提供了一种普遍适用的优化策略。

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引用次数: 0

High-adhesion aluminum-cement composite coating for efficient passive daytime radiative cooling 高附着力铝-水泥复合涂层，高效被动日间辐射冷却

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114069

Jiaqi Ying, Yuanchen Chai, Yanghui Ye, Yange Suo, Zhiguo Zhang

The cooling demand of buildings makes up a significant share of global energy consumption and carbon emissions. To address this challenge, Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling (PDRC) technology has developed into a promising solution for cooling buildings without the need for electrical input. However, existing radiative cooler faces the problem of poor adhesion strength, especially regarding inorganic nanoparticles, which limits their practical applications. Here, a white cement-based material incorporating alumina particles is proposed to overcome these challenges. The aluminum-cement composite coating is fabricated through a purely inorganic formulation system, which opens up the possibility of using the material in practical architectural applications. In the aluminum-cement composite coating design, the alumina nanoparticles act as sunlight scatterers and heat emitters, while the white cement particles embedded in the material act as a binder to provide build compatibility. This design enhances interfacial adhesion strength, solar reflectance, and mid-infrared emissivity. Specifically, the aluminum-cement composite coating exhibits 4B-level adhesion strength that outperforms other inorganic nanoparticle materials, while the cooling performance (achieving a temperature drop of 5.65 °C compared to commercial coatings with reflectivity exceeding 92 %) is comparable or superior to previous reports. Importantly, the cheap and readily available raw materials and simple preparation process of the aluminum-cement composite coating facilitates the practical application of PDRC technology in architectural scenarios.

建筑制冷需求占全球能源消耗和碳排放的很大一部分。为了应对这一挑战，被动日间辐射冷却（PDRC）技术已经发展成为一种很有前途的解决方案，可以在不需要电力输入的情况下冷却建筑物。然而，现有的辐射冷却器面临着粘附强度差的问题，特别是无机纳米颗粒，这限制了它们的实际应用。在这里，一种含有氧化铝颗粒的白色水泥基材料被提出来克服这些挑战。铝-水泥复合涂层是通过纯无机配方系统制造的，这开辟了在实际建筑应用中使用该材料的可能性。在铝-水泥复合涂层设计中，氧化铝纳米颗粒充当阳光散射体和热辐射体，而嵌入材料中的白色水泥颗粒充当粘合剂以提供构建兼容性。这种设计提高了界面粘附强度、太阳反射率和中红外发射率。具体来说，铝-水泥复合涂层表现出4b级的粘附强度，优于其他无机纳米颗粒材料，而冷却性能（与商业涂层相比，达到5.65°C的温度下降，反射率超过92%）与之前的报道相当或更好。重要的是，铝-水泥复合涂层的原材料便宜易得，制备工艺简单，有利于PDRC技术在建筑场景中的实际应用。

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引用次数: 0

Simulation, optimization, and experimental validation of 1eV GaAsSb/GaAsN superlattice solar cells 1eV GaAsSb/GaAsN超晶格太阳能电池的仿真、优化和实验验证

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114057

M. Schwarz , A. Gallego Carro , A. Gonzalo , V. Braza , D. Gonzalez , A. Hierro , U. Aeberhard , Jose M. Ulloa

Increasing demand for highly efficient solar cells drives the development of advanced materials for next-generation devices. While multi-junction solar cells address fundamental performance limits such as absorption and thermalization losses, improving efficiency with monolithic structures further requires novel materials with the necessary bandgap energies and lattice parameters. We have recently proposed the GaAsSb/GaAsN superlattice (SL) system as a promising material candidate; however, the performance of the devices is still well below their potential. In this work, drift-diffusion models are calibrated and used for parameter extraction, which allows to identify mobility and lifetime as key performance bottlenecks for carrier collection. By optimizing the device structure, it is found that SLs with absorber thicknesses in the range from 250 nm to 500 nm offer the best performance, balancing absorption and charge extraction, with the power conversion efficiency increasing by a factor of four compared to thicker devices. The findings lay the groundwork for further improvements of the GaAs(Sb)(N) material system in thin-film and multi-junction solar cell applications.

对高效太阳能电池的需求不断增长，推动了下一代设备先进材料的发展。虽然多结太阳能电池解决了吸收和热化损耗等基本性能限制，但通过单片结构进一步提高效率需要具有必要带隙能量和晶格参数的新型材料。我们最近提出了GaAsSb/GaAsN超晶格（SL）系统作为一个有前途的候选材料；然而，这些设备的性能仍然远远低于它们的潜力。在这项工作中，漂移扩散模型被校准并用于参数提取，这允许识别迁移率和寿命作为载流子收集的关键性能瓶颈。通过对器件结构的优化，发现吸收剂厚度在250 ~ 500 nm范围内的SLs具有最佳的性能，可以平衡吸收和电荷提取，功率转换效率比较厚的器件提高了4倍。这些发现为进一步改进GaAs(Sb)(N)材料体系在薄膜和多结太阳能电池中的应用奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Flexible polymer film with hierarchical pseudo-eye arrays for efficient passive radiative cooling 柔性聚合物薄膜与分层伪眼阵列有效被动辐射冷却

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114078

Lei Zhou , Feng Nan , Wei-Yu Feng , Su Shen , Yu-Fu Zhu , Zhi-Long Zhang , Yun Zhou

Passive radiative cooling is considered a promising technology for sustainable thermoregulation due to its advantage of not requiring energy input or emitting greenhouse gases. However, the primary challenge lies in the contradiction between efficient passive cooling performance and essential practical requirements, encompassing scalable production, high throughput, low cost, and resilience to harsh weather conditions. Herein, we conceive and demonstrate a biologically inspired hierarchical pseudo-eye structured film consisting of ordered micro-lens arrays coupled with numerous top-side random wrinkled nano-fringes for efficient passive radiative cooling. The bioinspired cooling film achieves an average total solar reflectance of ∼93.8 % and a high infrared emissivity of ∼94.3 %. Due to its favorable solar reflectance and infrared thermal radiation properties, temperature drops of ∼5.4 °C and ∼5.8 °C are observed during the daytime and nighttime, respectively, in a non-vacuum environment. Importantly, the large-scale hierarchical film exhibits strong mechanical strength of ∼79 MPa, as well as excellent environmental durability, including resistance to high temperatures and ultraviolet aging, making it promising for various practical thermal management applications. This work provides an alternative approach for the design and fabrication of scalable, high-throughput, and high-performance passive cooling films.

被动辐射冷却由于其不需要能量输入或排放温室气体的优点，被认为是一种有前途的可持续温度调节技术。然而，主要挑战在于高效被动冷却性能与基本实际要求之间的矛盾，包括可扩展生产、高吞吐量、低成本和对恶劣天气条件的适应性。在此，我们构思并展示了一种受生物学启发的分层伪眼结构薄膜，该薄膜由有序的微透镜阵列和众多顶部随机褶皱纳米条纹组成，用于有效的被动辐射冷却。该生物启发冷却膜的平均太阳总反射率为~ 93.8%，红外发射率为~ 94.3%。由于其良好的太阳反射率和红外热辐射性能，在非真空环境下，白天和夜间分别观察到温度下降~ 5.4°C和~ 5.8°C。重要的是，大规模分层薄膜具有高达79 MPa的机械强度，以及优异的环境耐久性，包括耐高温和紫外线老化，使其具有各种实际热管理应用的前景。这项工作为设计和制造可扩展、高通量和高性能的被动冷却膜提供了另一种方法。

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引用次数: 0

Electron radiation-induced degradation of silicon solar cells 电子辐射诱导的硅太阳能电池的降解

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114062

Guo Li , Chukwuka Madumelu , Michael Kelzenberg , Peter Toth , Gavin Conibeer , Bram Hoex

Silicon solar cells have attracted increasing interest for space exploration due to their significant cost-effectiveness compared to other photovoltaic technologies. However, performance of current commercial silicon solar cell architectures under space conditions, such as electron irradiation, has not been investigated. This work evaluates the electrical performance of n-type lifetime wafers and state-of-the-art silicon solar cells, including p-type passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) and n-/p-type tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) silicon solar cells, after electron irradiation. These samples were irradiated under varying doses of 1-MeV electrons and 2.16

\times

10¹⁴ e/cm² of 5-MeV electrons. Post-radiation characterisation reveals a significant reduction in minority carrier lifetime, which was predominantly attributed to the bulk lifetime degradation from ∼75,000

μ

s to ∼240

μ

s after 10¹² e/cm² and further to ∼0.2

μ

s after 10¹⁵ e/cm² of 1-MeV electron irradiation. Corresponding to the reduction in bulk lifetime, the integrated external quantum efficiency (EQE) decreased by 27.5 % for p-PERC and 33.3 % for n-TOPCon solar cells relative to their initial value. Furthermore, defect characterisation using the defect parameterisation solution space (DPSS) method identifies the vacancy-vacancy as the dominant radiation-induced defect. Ultimately, comparative analysis with actual space mission data suggests that the observed degradation under 5

\times

10¹⁴ e/cm², 1-MeV electron irradiation is comparable to 3-5 years of low Earth orbit (LEO) space conditions. These findings underscore the critical role of minority bulk carrier lifetime degradation in limiting the performance of silicon solar cells under a space radiation environment, and highlight the need for enhanced radiation tolerance in commercial space silicon solar cells.

与其他光伏技术相比，硅太阳能电池因其显著的成本效益而吸引了越来越多的太空探索兴趣。然而，目前商用硅太阳能电池结构在空间条件下的性能，如电子辐照，尚未进行研究。本研究评估了n型寿命晶圆和最先进的硅太阳能电池，包括p型钝化发射极和后触点（PERC）和n /p型隧道氧化物钝化触点（TOPCon）硅太阳能电池在电子辐照后的电性能。这些样品在不同剂量的1-MeV电子和2.16 × 1014 e/cm2的5-MeV电子下辐照。辐射后表征显示，少数载流子寿命显著降低，这主要是由于在1012 e/cm2后，体寿命从~ 75000 μ s下降到~ 240 μ s，在1015 e/cm2后，体寿命进一步下降到~ 0.2 μ s。相对于初始值，p-PERC和n-TOPCon太阳能电池的集成外量子效率（EQE）分别下降了27.5%和33.3%。此外，使用缺陷参数化解空间（DPSS）方法对缺陷进行表征，确定了空位是主要的辐射诱导缺陷。最后，与实际空间任务数据的对比分析表明，在5 × 1014 e/cm2, 1 mev电子辐射下观测到的退化可与低地球轨道（LEO） 3-5年的空间条件相媲美。这些发现强调了少数散货船寿命退化在限制硅太阳能电池在空间辐射环境下的性能方面的关键作用，并强调了商业空间硅太阳能电池增强辐射耐受性的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation and solar detection of photochromic fibers and fabrics with fast and reversible UV response 具有快速和可逆紫外响应的光致变色纤维和织物的制备和太阳检测

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114077

Yuedan Wang , Mengjie Li , Yun Lin, Anqi Li, Changhui Li, Mufang Li, Wenwen Wang, Qiongzhen Liu, Dong Wang

In this paper, a high-performance photochromic system with rapid fading was constructed by adjusting the pH of tungstate, introducing dopants, reducing agents and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coatings. In addition, the chromaticity of photochromic materials can be precisely controlled by changing the doping and reducing agent content. Continuous large-scale fabrication of novel photochromic fiber/fabric using dip coating and wet spinning has been proposed. The photochromic fibers/fabric exhibit significant color contrast (ΔE = 40.2), rapid color switching (5 s), fast fading time (10 min), good cycling stability (20 times), as well as long color-retention (7 days) under UV/visible light irradiation. Photochromic fibers after packaging with PDMS have excellent water resistance and maintain good photochromic properties even after washing (20 cycles) when exposed to water, ethanol, and detergent solutions. The photochromic fibers can be used as wristbands or embroidered on various textiles as wearable UV indicators. With the increase of UV dose, it has real-time and sensitive color rendering, which provides early warning for high dose UV radiation. The color-changing mechanism of photochromic fabric has been studied. In addition, photochromic solution has fast UV response and fading ability, which can realize the application of rewritable ink, color-changing film. Notably, its preparation process has the advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness and large-scale production, providing a new solution for smart sensing and anti-counterfeiting application.

本文通过调整钨酸盐的pH值，引入掺杂剂、还原剂和聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）涂层，构建了一种快速褪色的高性能光致变色体系。此外，可以通过改变掺杂和还原剂的含量来精确控制光致变色材料的色度。提出了采用浸涂法和湿纺法连续大规模生产新型光致变色纤维/织物的方法。光致变色纤维/织物在UV/可见光照射下具有显着的颜色对比度（ΔE = 40.2），快速的颜色切换（5 s），快速的褪色时间（10 min），良好的循环稳定性（20次）以及长时间的保色性（7天）。用PDMS包装后的光致变色纤维具有优异的耐水性，即使在暴露于水、乙醇和洗涤剂溶液中洗涤（20次）后也能保持良好的光致变色性能。这种光致变色纤维可以用作腕带，也可以作为可穿戴的紫外线指示器绣在各种纺织品上。随着紫外线照射剂量的增加，具有实时、灵敏的显色性，为高剂量紫外线照射提供预警。对光致变色织物的变色机理进行了研究。此外，光致变色溶液具有快速的紫外响应和褪色能力，可实现可重写油墨、变色薄膜的应用。值得注意的是，其制备工艺具有成本低、环境友好和规模化生产的优点，为智能传感和防伪应用提供了新的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Characterisation of solar cell nanolayer interfaces using time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis 利用飞行时间弹性后坐力检测分析表征太阳能电池纳米层界面

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114074

Matthew K. Sharpe , Matthew Wright , Callum D. McAleese , Yan Wang , Theodore D.C. Hobson , Xinya Niu , Audrey Morisset , Ruy S. Bonilla

The understanding of hydrogen and chemical interfaces in passivating contact stacks is critical for advancing high-efficiency silicon solar cells. This work employs time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis (ToF-ERDA) to profile elemental depth distributions, particularly the unambiguous characterisation of hydrogen, in key surface passivation dielectric nanolayers—SiN_x, AlO_x, and Al-doped ZnO (AZO). By leveraging the high mass resolution and low fluence of ToF-ERDA, combined with Monte Carlo simulations (MCERD), our work resolves hydrogen distributions and distinguishes overlapping signals from Si and Al, enabling precise analysis of interface composition. SiN_x layers exhibit hydrogen contents up to 21 at.%, with redistribution and performance degradation observed after high-temperature annealing. In contrast, AlO_x shows lower hydrogen content (∼2 at.%) but significant lifetime improvements post-annealing, indicating dominant field-effect passivation. For SiN_x/AlO_x double-layer stacks, enhanced hydrogen diffusion into AlO_x was observed, suggesting SiN_x as a hydrogen source. AZO/AlO_x stacks demonstrated excellent passivation (iV_OC > 730 mV) post-anneal, with hydrogen predominantly located in the AZO, challenging conventional views of AlO_x as the main hydrogen source. These findings underline the value of ToF-ERDA for evaluating passivation mechanisms and demonstrate the tools versatility and usefulness in characterising dielectric nanolayers.

了解钝化接触堆中的氢和化学界面对于推进高效硅太阳能电池至关重要。这项工作采用飞行时间弹性反冲检测分析（ToF-ERDA）来描绘元素深度分布，特别是氢的明确特征，在关键的表面钝化介质纳米层- sinx， AlOx和al掺杂ZnO （AZO）中。通过利用ToF-ERDA的高质量分辨率和低影响，结合蒙特卡罗模拟（MCERD），我们的工作解决了氢的分布，并区分了Si和Al的重叠信号，从而能够精确分析界面组成。SiNx层的氢含量高达21at。%，高温退火后观察到重分布和性能下降。相比之下，AlOx的氢含量较低（~ 2 at）。%)，但退火后寿命显著提高，表明主导场效应钝化。对于SiNx/AlOx双层堆叠，氢向AlOx的扩散增强，表明SiNx是氢源。AZO/AlOx堆在退火后表现出良好的钝化（iVOC > 730 mV），氢主要位于AZO中，挑战了AlOx是主要氢源的传统观点。这些发现强调了ToF-ERDA在评估钝化机制方面的价值，并证明了该工具在表征电介质纳米层方面的通用性和实用性。

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