Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells最新文献_第6页

Dual-helix weighting-driven 4D-CES: A new framework for multi-objective optimization of CO2 mixtures solar thermal power generation systems 双螺旋加权驱动4D-CES: CO2混合光热发电系统多目标优化新框架

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2026.114182

Qingqiang Meng , Lihua Cao , Heyong Si

The Brayton cycle utilizing CO₂-based mixed working fluids enhances solar photothermal conversion efficiency while preserving the original system architecture. However, during system optimization, the allocation of weights for various evaluation indicators and the shortcomings of the comprehensive evaluation system remain bottlenecks that hinder the multi-objective optimization of mixed working fluid solar thermal power systems. Based on this, the article employs the proposed Double-Helix weighting mechanism to construct a Four-Dimensional Comprehensive Evaluation System (4D-CES). The optimization of the solar thermal power system is achieved by screening additives and determining operating parameters. Subsequently, a key factor analysis is conducted, and the performance differences of the mixed working fluid are explored from a thermodynamic perspective. The results show that the weight distribution in the 4D-CES is dominated by technology (29.93 %) and economy (27.89 %), with a focus on energy efficiency and cost control, while also considering environmental (19.21 %) and social responsibility (22.97 %) benefits. Among all working fluids, CO₂-Propane stands out with a high closeness value of 0.755 under this weight distribution, with optimal turbine inlet temperature, pressure, and split ratio values of 823.12K, 26.58 MPa, and 0.242, respectively. Additionally, CO₂-Propane mix enhances energy density with high entropy and specific heat.

Brayton循环利用基于二氧化碳的混合工作流体，在保留原有系统结构的同时提高了太阳能光热转换效率。然而，在系统优化过程中，各种评价指标的权重分配和综合评价体系的不足仍然是阻碍混合工质光热发电系统多目标优化的瓶颈。在此基础上，本文采用提出的双螺旋加权机制构建四维综合评价体系（4D-CES）。通过筛选添加剂和确定运行参数，实现了太阳能热发电系统的优化。随后，进行关键因素分析，从热力学角度探讨混合工质的性能差异。结果表明，4D-CES的权重分布以技术（29.93%）和经济（27.89%）为主，主要考虑能源效率和成本控制，同时也考虑环境（19.21%）和社会责任（22.97%）效益。在所有工作流体中，co2 -丙烷在该重量分布下的紧密度值较高，达到0.755，涡轮进口温度、压力和分流比的最佳值分别为823.12K、26.58 MPa和0.242。此外，二氧化碳-丙烷混合物通过高熵和比热提高了能量密度。

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引用次数: 0

Circuit model-driven investigation of hot-spot behavior in n-type TBC photovoltaic modules 电路模型驱动的n型TBC光伏组件热点行为研究

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2026.114179

Kangping Zhang , Zibo Zhou , Jiadong Li , Min Zhang , Xin Ju , Jilu Zhang , Pei-Chieh Hsiao , Dong Yao , HuaFu Shu , Yuanzhe Wu , Jiang Liu , Yan Wu , Jianfang Dai , Lingzhi Li , Wangli Liu , Chuanpeng Yao , Xingxing Xu , Yanan Sun , Yiming Ji , Jianfei Zheng , Dengyuan Song

Against the backdrop of the global energy transition and the ever-growing demand for high-performance photovoltaic (PV) technologies, n-type TOPCon back contact (TBC) modules have witnessed rapid expansion in application scale, thanks to their advantages such as front-side shading-free design and high conversion efficiency. However, industrialized TBC solar cells generally exhibit low shunt resistance, leading to the failure of researchers to effectively identify the hot-spot risks of such modules when conducting tests in accordance with the IEC 61215 MQT09 method. Consequently, the evaluation process is time-consuming with poor accuracy. To address this limitation, this study proposes a two-stage collaborative approach at the substring-module level. At the substring level, an equivalent circuit model was established to simulate the power dissipation characteristics under different local shading scenarios. Meanwhile, the correlation between power consumption and temperature during hot-spot formation was determined through experiments. The results demonstrate that the temperature trend predicted by the substring model is basically consistent with that of the TBC module. Furthermore, the maximum temperature of the module during outdoor hot-spot occurrence aligns with the expectations verified by the substring model, which confirms the model's accuracy and practical reliability. This two-stage collaborative approach can effectively identify the hot-spot risks of TBC modules, thereby providing an efficient and cost-effective technical method for the hot-spot reliability screening of n-type TBC PV modules.

在全球能源转型和对高性能光伏技术需求不断增长的背景下，n型TOPCon背接触（TBC）模块凭借其正面无遮阳设计、转换效率高等优势，应用规模迅速扩大。然而，工业化TBC太阳能电池通常具有较低的分流电阻，导致研究人员在按照IEC 61215 MQT09方法进行测试时无法有效识别此类模块的热点风险。因此，评估过程耗时且准确性差。为了解决这一限制，本研究提出了子串模块级别的两阶段协作方法。在子串层面，建立了等效电路模型，模拟了不同局部遮阳场景下的功率耗散特性。同时，通过实验确定了热斑形成过程中功耗与温度的相关关系。结果表明，子串模型预测的温度趋势与TBC模型预测的温度趋势基本一致。此外，模块在室外热点发生时的最高温度与子串模型验证的期望值一致，验证了模型的准确性和实际可靠性。这种两阶段协同方法可以有效识别TBC组件的热点风险，从而为n型TBC光伏组件的热点可靠性筛选提供了一种高效、经济的技术方法。

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引用次数: 0

Combining physical- and scenario-based modeling to identify tolerable degradation rates of perovskite in monolithic two-terminal perovskite/silicon tandem modules 结合物理和基于场景的建模，确定单片双端钙钛矿/硅串联模块中钙钛矿的可容忍降解率

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2026.114169

Youri Blom, Rudi Santbergen, Olindo Isabella, Malte Ruben Vogt

As crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells approach their theoretical efficiency limit, the perovskite/silicon (PerSi) tandem technology offers a promising solution for further improving the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) modules. However, as perovskite cells are facing stability issues, it is unclear whether PerSi modules will have a larger lifetime energy yield (LEY) than c-Si modules. In this work, we present a novel methodology to simulate the LEY of PerSi tandem devices, accounting for environmental stress factor-dependent degradation across four different climates. Our approach combines a physics-based analytical degradation model for components shared with c-Si modules and a scenario-based degradation model for the perovskite top cell. This method enables us to identify the tolerable degradation rate (

k_{t o l}

) of the perovskite cell under different scenarios and climatic conditions. We find that

k_{t o l}

is lowest when degradation occurs in the short-circuit current, reaching a minimum value of 1.2% per year in Delft (the Netherlands). Additionally, we demonstrate that

k_{t o l}

inversely depends on the module lifetime, reaching values up 7.6% per year in Lagos (Nigeria). Moreover, we show that module efficiency (

η_{m o d}

) significantly impacts

k_{t o l}

. For instance, increasing

η_{m o d}

from 28.0% to 32.9% raises

k_{t o l}

by approximately 50%. Additionally, we propose a simplified model that can predict

k_{t o l}

without the computationally intensive simulations, which has a root-mean-square error of 0.34% per year. Lastly, environmental impact assessments reveal that PerSi modules are more sustainable in all impact categories when the degradation rate is 80% of

k_{t o l}

for LEY.

随着晶体硅（c-Si）太阳能电池接近其理论效率极限，钙钛矿/硅（PerSi）串联技术为进一步提高光伏（PV）组件的效率提供了一个有前途的解决方案。然而，由于钙钛矿电池面临稳定性问题，目前尚不清楚PerSi模块是否会比c-Si模块具有更大的寿命能量产量（LEY）。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种新的方法来模拟PerSi串联装置的LEY，考虑了四种不同气候条件下环境应力因子依赖的退化。我们的方法结合了与c-Si模块共享的组件的基于物理的分析降解模型和钙钛矿顶部电池的基于场景的降解模型。该方法使我们能够确定钙钛矿电池在不同场景和气候条件下的可容忍降解率（ktol）。我们发现，当短路电流发生退化时，ktol最低，在代尔夫特（荷兰）达到每年1.2%的最低值。此外，我们证明了ktol与模块寿命成反比，在拉各斯（尼日利亚）达到每年7.6%的值。此外，我们发现模块效率（ηmod）显著影响ktol。例如，将ηmod从28.0%增加到32.9%，ktol将增加约50%。此外，我们提出了一个简化的模型，可以预测ktol无需计算密集的模拟，其均方根误差为每年0.34%。最后，环境影响评估显示，当LEY的降解率为ktol的80%时，PerSi模块在所有影响类别中都更具可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Surface erosion damage in mounting structures of large-scale photovoltaic systems 大型光伏系统安装结构的表面侵蚀损伤

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114121

J. de Damborenea , A. Conde , P. Bernal , F. Ortuño , C. Pinto da Silva , M.A. Arenas

A large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plant is a complex infrastructure composed of PV modules supported by metallic mounting structures, which may include motors for module tracking, inverters, cabling, and control systems. While the degradation of PV panels and the corrosion of structural elements are well-studied, limited research has addressed the specific impact of sand erosion on metallic structures in desert and semi-desert environments.

This study investigates the erosion resistance of three commonly used galvanized coatings in PV mounting systems: continuous galvanized steel (Z275), Zn-Mg-Al alloy (ZM310), and hot-dip galvanized steel (HDG). Additionally, a representative sample of the aluminum-based motion components, protected by an organic coating, was included.

The organic coating was evaluated using ASTM D968-22 and met the AAMA 2604-05 abrasion resistance requirements. Metallic coatings were tested following both ASTM D968-22 and a modified ASTM G76-18 standard adapted to simulate desert conditions. Among the materials tested, the Z275 coating exhibited the lowest erosion rate, outperforming both HDG and ZM310. The findings highlight the importance of considering ductility and mechanical toughness -beyond hardness-when assessing erosion resistance for solar plant structures.

大型光伏电站是由金属安装结构支撑的光伏模块组成的复杂基础设施，其中可能包括用于模块跟踪的电机、逆变器、电缆和控制系统。虽然光伏板的退化和结构元件的腐蚀得到了很好的研究，但有限的研究涉及沙漠和半沙漠环境中沙蚀对金属结构的具体影响。本研究研究了光伏安装系统中常用的三种镀锌涂层：连续镀锌钢（Z275）、锌镁铝合金（ZM310）和热浸镀锌钢（HDG）的耐蚀性。此外，铝基运动部件的代表性样品，由有机涂层保护，包括在内。根据ASTM D968-22对有机涂层进行了评估，并满足AAMA 2604-05的耐磨性要求。金属涂层按照ASTM D968-22和ASTM G76-18标准进行测试，以模拟沙漠条件。在测试的材料中，Z275涂层的腐蚀速率最低，优于HDG和ZM310。研究结果强调了在评估太阳能发电厂结构的抗侵蚀性时，考虑延展性和机械韧性的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Corrosion behavior of laser-cladding nickel-based coating in high-temperature molten chloride salts 激光熔覆镍基涂层在高温熔盐中的腐蚀行为

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2026.114160

Xiaomao Xu , Liuxin Wang , Sijie Liu , Jintao Zhang , Xueli Mao , Xiaodan Fei , Yang Wu , Guo Pu , Fangfang Ge , Linjiang Chai , Bingsheng Li

Ni-based coating (15Fe16Cr63Ni) was fabricated via laser cladding on one surface of a 316L stainless steel substrate, while the opposing surface was subjected to laser remelting. This configuration created a macro-galvanic couple, which is representative of some practical scenarios where dissimilar materials are connected. The corrosion behavior of this coupled system in NaCl-MgCl₂-KCl salts at 700 °C was investigated up to 1200 h. The results highlight a galvanic effect, while the Ni-coating was cathodically protected. Despite this coupling, a continuous Fe-Ni-rich layer formed in-situ on the coating surface, acting as a barrier. A critical finding is that even under the protective influence of galvanic coupling, the corrosion products and mechanisms for both sides evolved similarly, forming Mg₂SiO₄ beneath the Fe-Ni layer. A dedicated short-term (100 h) test with isolated, symmetrically treated specimens confirmed that the intrinsic corrosion rate of the Ni-coating is lower than that of the laser-remelted surface. Thus, the findings stress the paramount importance of mitigating galvanic coupling in design. The behavior observed suggests that the Ni-coating has considerable potential; however, verifying its long-term durability through testing under fully electrochemically isolated conditions remains an essential prerequisite for its reliable application.

采用激光熔覆的方法在316L不锈钢基体的一个表面制备了镍基涂层（15Fe16Cr63Ni），另一个表面进行激光重熔。这种配置创造了一个宏观电偶，它代表了一些不同材料连接的实际场景。研究了该耦合体系在NaCl-MgCl2-KCl盐中700℃至1200 h的腐蚀行为。结果表明，在阴极保护下，ni涂层具有电偶效应。尽管存在这种耦合，但在涂层表面形成了连续的富铁镍层，起到了屏障的作用。一个重要的发现是，即使在电偶的保护作用下，双方的腐蚀产物和机制演变相似，在Fe-Ni层下形成Mg2SiO4。对经过隔离、对称处理的试样进行了专门的短期（100小时）试验，证实了ni涂层的固有腐蚀速率低于激光重熔表面的腐蚀速率。因此，研究结果强调了在设计中减轻电偶的重要性。观察到的行为表明，ni涂层具有相当大的潜力；然而，通过在完全电化学隔离条件下的测试来验证其长期耐久性仍然是其可靠应用的必要先决条件。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning based prognostic analysis of a hybrid solar still coupled with evacuated tube collector and stearic acid: A comprehensive 4-E assessment 结合真空管收集器和硬脂酸的混合太阳能蒸馏器的基于机器学习的预测分析：全面的4-E评估

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2026.114165

Aseem Dubey , Ashmit Dubey , Akhilesh Arora

Conventional solar stills provide a sustainable solution to potable water scarcity but are limited by low productivity. To address the challenge, this study presents a novel hybrid solar still integrated with stearic acid as a phase change material (PCM) and an evacuated tube solar collector (ETC). A comprehensive energy–exergy–environment–economic (4E) assessment is conducted using a machine learning based prognostic framework. The proposed system achieves approximately 26.0 % higher yield than the system without PCM, although it produces about 3 % lower yield than the paraffin wax based system. The maximum productivity attained is 4.893 kg/m², with corresponding energetic and exergetic efficiencies of 38.6 % and 3.22 %, respectively. For accurate yield prediction, feature relationships are examined using a pair-plot matrix and multiple machine learning models like Linear Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR), and XGBoost. Among them, the GBR model demonstrates superior performance with a high coefficient of determination (R² = 0.9346), low mean square error (MSE = 0.0006), and strong Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE = 0.9110). The 4E analysis indicates that considering environmental benefits, the water, energy, and exergy production costs range from 0.17 to 1.23 Rs./kg, 0.24–1.73 Rs./kWh, and 12.8–26.7 Rs./kWh, respectively, at interest rates of 2–10 %. Over a 20-year lifespan, the system mitigates 32.7 tCO₂, with energy, exergy, and cost payback periods of 0.95, 3.3, and 1.6 years, respectively, establishing its sustainability and economic viability for remote applications.

传统的太阳能蒸馏器为饮用水短缺提供了可持续的解决方案，但受到低生产率的限制。为了解决这一挑战，本研究提出了一种新型的混合太阳能仍然集成硬脂酸作为相变材料（PCM）和真空管太阳能集热器（ETC）。使用基于机器学习的预测框架进行全面的能源-能源-环境-经济（4E）评估。该体系的产率比无PCM体系高出约26.0%，但比石蜡基体系低约3%。最大生产效率为4.893 kg/m2，相应的能量效率和耗能效率分别为38.6%和3.22%。为了准确预测产量，使用成对图矩阵和多种机器学习模型（如线性回归、决策树、随机森林、梯度增强回归（GBR）和XGBoost）来检查特征关系。其中，GBR模型表现出较高的决定系数（R2 = 0.9346）、较低的均方误差（MSE = 0.0006）和较强的克林-古普塔效率（KGE = 0.9110）。4E分析表明，考虑到环境效益，在利率为2 - 10%的情况下，水、能源和能源生产成本分别为0.17 - 1.23 rs /kg、0.24-1.73 rs /kWh和12.8-26.7 rs /kWh。在20年的使用寿命中，该系统减少了32.7吨二氧化碳，能源、能源和成本回收期分别为0.95年、3.3年和1.6年，为远程应用奠定了可持续性和经济可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Performance enhancement of solar stills using evacuated tubes and pulsating heat pipes: A comprehensive review 利用真空管和脉动热管提高太阳能蒸馏器性能的综述

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114148

Nagendra Prasad Pandey , Yogesh kumar Sahu , Rajshree Kokate , Rakshit Parikh , Abrar cinemawala , Ravindra Gupta , Haresh devjani

Freshwater scarcity remains one of the most pressing global challenges, and solar stills (SS) have emerged as a sustainable solution for decentralized water purification. However, their limited productivity restricts large-scale deployment. Among the various enhancement techniques, the integration of heat pipes has demonstrated strong potential due to their highly efficient passive heat transfer capability. This review presents a comprehensive assessment of solar stills integrated with diverse heat pipe configurations including thermosyphons, pulsating heat pipes (PHP), loop heat pipes, and oscillating heat pipes and examines their performance when combined with phase change materials (PCM), nanofluids, photovoltaic/thermal collectors, condensation enhancement strategies, and finned basin designs. Notably, the integration of evacuated tube collectors (ETC), corrugated fins, and sensible heat storage materials has enabled freshwater yields up to 19 L/m²/day, while a nano-configured oil coupled with ETC achieved a 250 % increase in productivity, along with 242 % energy and 83 % exergy enhancement, reducing the cost per liter to 0.0101 USD/L and mitigating 131.97 tons of CO₂. Similarly, the incorporation of PHPs into solar stills resulted in yields of 8.7 L/m²/day, energy and exergy efficiencies of 64 % and 4.1 %, and CO₂ mitigation of 18.79 tons. A 4E framework Energy, Exergy, Economic, and Environmental is employed to systematically analyze these systems, offering comparative insights into yield, thermal efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and payback periods. Finally, the review highlights key research gaps related to material optimization, operational orientation, long-term reliability, and scalability, and proposes a future roadmap for developing cost-effective, high-performance, and environmentally sustainable solar still technologies.

淡水短缺仍然是最紧迫的全球挑战之一，太阳能蒸馏器（SS）已经成为分散水净化的可持续解决方案。然而，它们有限的生产力限制了大规模部署。在各种增强技术中，热管集成由于其高效的被动传热能力而显示出强大的潜力。本文综述了太阳能蒸馏器与不同热管配置的综合评估，包括热虹吸管、脉动热管（PHP）、环路热管和振荡热管，并研究了它们与相变材料（PCM）、纳米流体、光伏/热集热器、冷凝增强策略和翅片盆设计相结合时的性能。值得注意的是，真空管集热器（ETC）、波纹鳍片和显热储存材料的集成使淡水产量达到19 L/m2/天，而纳米配置的油与ETC相结合，生产率提高了250%，能耗提高了242%，燃烧效率提高了83%，每升成本降低到0.0101美元/升，减少了131.97吨二氧化碳。同样，将PHPs并入太阳能蒸馏器的产量为8.7 L/m2/天，能源和能源效率分别为64%和4.1%，二氧化碳排放量减少18.79吨。采用4E框架能源、能源、经济和环境对这些系统进行系统分析，提供产量、热效率、成本效益和投资回收期的比较见解。最后，综述强调了与材料优化、操作方向、长期可靠性和可扩展性相关的关键研究差距，并提出了开发成本效益高、高性能和环境可持续的太阳能蒸馏器技术的未来路线图。

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引用次数: 0

Performance improvement of solar dish collectors with a helical receiver and ternary nanofluid 螺旋接收器和三元纳米流体太阳能集热器的性能改进

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114146

M. Sheikholeslami , M.R. Bagheri

<div><div>This study conducts a detailed computational analysis of modern solar heating configuration employing a parabolic dish reflector together with a coiled helical absorber, employing a ternary nanofluid. The dish concentrates solar radiation onto the receiver's focal point, where water infused with CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, and MgO nanoparticles provides enhanced energy absorption and superior thermal conductivity. The synergistic contribution of the three nanoparticles strengthens both photothermal conversion and heat transfer performance, while the helical receiver geometry promotes secondary flow patterns that intensify convective transport. To accurately represent the non-uniform solar irradiation across the receiver surface, solar flux distributions were generated using the SolTrace ray-tracing software and implemented in a 3D ANSYS FLUENT model through user-defined functions (UDFs). Turbulence and energy equations were applied to investigate thermohydraulic performance under various geometric and flow conditions. A parametric study explored the impact of coil turns (0–9) on thermal efficiency and pressure loss. The findings showed that additional turns enhanced heat transfer, yielding up to a 14.12 % increase in efficiency, but also caused a steep rise in pressure drop, up to 328.58 %. Beyond a threshold, efficiency gains saturated while hydraulic resistance continued to escalate, underlining the necessity for geometric optimization. To address this, a multi-objective optimization approach was implemented, balancing pumping requirements with thermal gains. Regression models based on Support Vector Machines were constructed to forecast the performance metrics, and the Weighted Sum Method (WSM) within Python software identified an optimal coil turn number of ∼2.3641. At optimized conditions (nanoparticle concentration of 0.03 and flow velocity of 0.15 m/s), the collector achieved a 14.05 % improvement in the Performance Evaluation Criteria (PEC). Increasing the flow velocity to 0.25 m/s delivered a maximum efficiency of 80.67 %, though PEC decreased by 3.68 % due to high Re (Reynolds number) effects. Receiver orientation was also examined, with the vertical position at 0.8 m above the dish yielding the highest absorption efficiency, representing an 11.68 % gain over a conventional straight-tube receiver. Based on the predicted annual thermal generation, the system can generate about $734.94 in yearly savings, enabling a rapid payback of around 10.6 months. Long-term operation provides additional economic benefit, with total profits approaching $3760 after six years. In summary, this work introduces a highly efficient and economically viable solar thermal configuration that combines ternary nanofluid technology, optimized helical receiver geometry, and advanced simulation-based analysis. It addresses a critical gap by linking receiver design to the thermohydraulic behavior of complex nanofluids under concentrated s

本研究对采用抛物碟形反射器和螺旋状吸收体，采用三元纳米流体的现代太阳能加热结构进行了详细的计算分析。该天线将太阳辐射集中到接收器的焦点上，在那里注入了CoFe2O4、TiO2和MgO纳米粒子的水提供了增强的能量吸收和优越的导热性。三种纳米颗粒的协同作用增强了光热转换和传热性能，而螺旋接收器的几何形状促进了二次流模式，加强了对流传输。为了准确地表示整个接收器表面的非均匀太阳辐照，使用SolTrace光线跟踪软件生成太阳通量分布，并通过用户定义函数（udf）在三维ANSYS FLUENT模型中实现。应用湍流和能量方程研究了不同几何和流动条件下的热工性能。参数研究探讨了线圈匝数（0-9）对热效率和压力损失的影响。结果表明，额外的转数增加了换热，效率提高了14.12%，但也导致压降急剧上升，达到328.58%。超过阈值后，效率会趋于饱和，而水力阻力会继续增大，这就强调了几何优化的必要性。为了解决这个问题，采用了一种多目标优化方法，平衡泵送需求和热增益。构建了基于支持向量机的回归模型来预测性能指标，Python软件中的加权和方法（WSM）确定了最优线圈匝数为~ 2.3641。在优化条件下（纳米颗粒浓度为0.03，流速为0.15 m/s），捕集器的性能评价指标（PEC）提高了14.05%。将流速提高到0.25 m/s时，最大效率为80.67%，但由于高Re（雷诺数）效应，PEC降低了3.68%。接收器的方向也进行了测试，垂直位置在碟子上方0.8 m处产生最高的吸收效率，比传统的直管接收器增加11.68%。根据预测的年发电量，该系统每年可节省约734.94美元，实现约10.6个月的快速投资回报。长期运营有额外的经济效益，6年后总利润接近3760元。总之，这项工作介绍了一种高效且经济可行的太阳能热配置，它结合了三元纳米流体技术、优化的螺旋接收器几何形状和先进的基于模拟的分析。它通过将接收器设计与复杂纳米流体在集中太阳通量下的热水力行为联系起来，解决了一个关键的空白，为下一代可再生能源系统的发展提供了实用的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Grafting engineering of ZIF-8 and polymer to enhance performance of gel electrolyte in electrochromic devices ZIF-8与聚合物接枝工程提高电致变色器件中凝胶电解质的性能

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114143

Tian Li , Dongxue Liu , Sainan Ma , Gang Xu , Buyi Yan , Xiaoyue Hao , Likun Wang , Yong Liu , Gaorong Han

As an indispensable and crucial component in electrochromic devices, transparent gel electrolyte has a significant impact on optical contrast, switching speed, cycling stability, and mechanical robustness. In this study, an engineering by grafting polar bimolecular groups of Terephthalic Dihydrazide (TPHD) onto the surface of ZIF-8 nanoparticles and polymer to enhance performance of gel electrolyte was proposed. Benefiting from the stable pore structure and high dispersion of TPHD modified ZIF-8 (TPHD@ZIF-8), the gel electrolyte doped with 6 wt% TPHD@ ZIF-8 (TGPL-6 %) achieves high initial transmittance of 82 % at 633 nm, representing a 23 % enhancement over the 6 wt% unmodified ZIF-8 doped gel polymer electrolyte layer (ZGPL-6 %). A high ionic conductivity of 1.73 mS/cm was obtained, which was 30 % higher than that of ZGPL-6 % (1.33 mS/cm) and more than four times that of pure GPL (0.37 mS/cm). Young's modulus and tensile strength of TGPL-6 % are 0.0064 and 0.179 MPa, respectively. The TGPL-6 % has been successfully applied in electrochromic devices, achieving a high optical modulation of 38 % and excellent durability. This work provides valuable insights into the rational design of high-performance transparent gel electrolytes for advanced electrochromic devices.

透明凝胶电解质作为电致变色器件中不可缺少的关键部件，对光学对比度、开关速度、循环稳定性和机械稳健性具有重要影响。本研究提出了一种将对苯二甲酸二肼（TPHD）极性双分子基团接枝到ZIF-8纳米颗粒和聚合物表面以提高凝胶电解质性能的工程方法。得益于TPHD修饰的ZIF-8 （TPHD@ZIF-8）稳定的孔隙结构和高分散性，掺6wt % TPHD@ZIF-8 （tgpl - 6%）的凝胶电解质在633 nm处获得了82%的高初始透过率，比未掺6wt % ZIF-8的凝胶聚合物电解质层（zgpl - 6%）提高了23%。获得了1.73 mS/cm的高离子电导率，比zgpl （1.33 mS/cm）高30% - 6%，是纯GPL （0.37 mS/cm）的4倍以上。tgpl - 6%的杨氏模量和拉伸强度分别为0.0064和0.179 MPa。tgpl - 6%已成功应用于电致变色器件，实现了38%的高光调制和优异的耐用性。这项工作为先进电致变色器件的高性能透明凝胶电解质的合理设计提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Haze-engineered electrochromic WO3 smart windows for tunable solar modulation and privacy control 雾霾工程电致变色WO3智能窗口可调谐的太阳能调制和隐私控制

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2026.114162

Nayan Dev Madhavan , Anjitha Dinakaran , Favas K. Saneen , Ranjana Venugopal , Biswapriya Deb

Electrochromic devices (ECDs) offer dynamic control over solar radiation and daylighting, enabling significant energy savings in buildings. Optical haze (a measure of diffuse light scattering) is traditionally regarded as undesirable for conventional electrochromic devices (ECDs), limiting their potential for adequate privacy control. Here, we present a multifunctional ECD system that integrates tailored optical haze with electrochromic tinting to simultaneously deliver privacy, solar daylighting control, and a frosted-glass aesthetic. Multilayer WO₃ films are fabricated by a scalable spray-coating process under controlled deposition conditions to yield tunable haze levels (3.4–14.5 %) through morphological control, as confirmed by SEM, AFM, and polarized light microscopy. The highest-haze device (H200) demonstrated a solar modulation efficiency (ΔT_sol) of 63.6 %, better daylight spreading, more than 4 × haze enhancement upon coloration, and an 8.8 % reduction in visible-light-induced heat gain compared to a transparent counterpart. The unique microstructure, featuring bubble-like domains and tailored surface roughness, enables privacy even in the bleached state while maintaining solar transmittance. This approach offers a scalable, low-energy fabrication route for smart glazing that unites energy efficiency, glare reduction, and privacy control; a synergy addressing the increasing need for human-centric, climate-responsive building envelopes.

电致变色装置（ECDs）提供对太阳辐射和采光的动态控制，使建筑物显著节约能源。光学雾霾（漫射光散射的一种测量方法）传统上被认为是传统电致变色器件（ECDs）不希望的，限制了它们足够的隐私控制的潜力。在这里，我们提出了一个多功能ECD系统，该系统集成了定制的光学雾和电致变色着色，同时提供隐私、太阳能采光控制和磨砂玻璃美学。多层WO3薄膜是在可控的沉积条件下通过可扩展的喷涂工艺制备的，通过形貌控制产生可调的雾霾水平（3.4 - 14.5%），经扫描电镜、原子力显微镜和偏振光显微镜证实。最高雾霾器件（H200）显示出63.6%的太阳调制效率（ΔTsol），更好的日光扩散，着色时雾霾增强4倍以上，与透明器件相比，可见光诱导的热增益减少8.8%。独特的微观结构，具有气泡状域和量身定制的表面粗糙度，即使在漂白状态下也能保持隐私，同时保持太阳透射率。这种方法为智能玻璃提供了一种可扩展的、低能耗的制造路线，将能源效率、眩光减少和隐私控制结合起来；以人为本，应对气候变化的建筑围护结构日益增长的需求。

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引用次数: 0