Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells最新文献_第8页

Fabrication and investigation of chloride salt based shape stabilization phase change composite with excellent thermal properties for medium and high temperature thermal energy storage 制作和研究具有优异热性能的氯盐基形状稳定相变复合材料，用于中高温热能储存

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113200

Chuan Li , Haitao Lu , Qi Li , Rongyu Xu , Zhigang Liu , Yi Yang , Shi Liu , Yuting Wu

A novel shape-stabilized chloride salt based composite phase change material with stable thermal properties is fabricated and investigated in this work. Such composite is consisted of a ternary chloride salt of NaCl-KCl-MgCl₂ as storage medium, an expanded vermiculite as ceramic skeleton and a silicon carbide as thermal conductivity enhancer. A suite of characteristics is carried out to evaluate the composite thermal properties and stability as well as heat transfer performance. The results show that a stable physical interaction is observed among the three ingredients of salt expanded vermiculite and silicon carbide, demonstrating an excellent physical and chemical compatibility achieved in the composite. Due to the excellent wettability between the salt and expanded vermiculite, a dense structure can be attained in the composite, which could effectively eliminate the swelling effect of silicon carbide and prevent the salt leakage over the phase transition process. Owning to such a rigid structure, over 70 wt% of salt and 12 wt% of silicon carbide could be accommodated by the expanded vermiculite, giving the composite a melting temperature of 377 °C, a latent heat of 229.3 kJ/kg and a thermal conductivity of 1.66 W/m·°C. Moreover, the presence of expanded vermiculite also enhances the salt thermal stability. Compared with the pure ternary chloride salt where a decomposition temperature of 740 °C is measured, the decomposition temperature of the composite is improved to be 800 °C. The results obtained in this work indicates the chloride salt based composite with high thermal stability and splendid cycling performance that could be an effective candidate utilized in medium and high temperature thermal energy storage fields.

本研究制作并研究了一种具有稳定热性能的新型形状稳定氯化盐基复合相变材料。这种复合材料由作为储存介质的 NaCl-KCl-MgCl2 三元氯盐、作为陶瓷骨架的膨胀蛭石和作为导热增强剂的碳化硅组成。对复合材料的热性能、稳定性和传热性能进行了一系列特性评估。结果表明，盐膨胀蛭石和碳化硅这三种成分之间存在稳定的物理相互作用，表明复合材料具有极佳的物理和化学兼容性。由于盐和膨胀蛭石之间具有良好的润湿性，复合材料中可以形成致密结构，从而有效消除碳化硅的膨胀效应，防止盐在相变过程中泄漏。由于这种刚性结构，膨胀蛭石可容纳 70% 以上的盐和 12% 的碳化硅，使复合材料的熔化温度达到 377 ℃，潜热为 229.3 kJ/kg，导热系数为 1.66 W/m-℃。此外，膨胀蛭石的存在还增强了盐的热稳定性。与测得分解温度为 740 ℃ 的纯三元氯化盐相比，复合材料的分解温度提高到了 800 ℃。这项研究的结果表明，基于氯盐的复合材料具有较高的热稳定性和出色的循环性能，可作为中高温热能储存领域的有效候选材料。

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引用次数: 0

Emerging class of SrZrS3 chalcogenide perovskite solar cells: Conductive MOFs as HTLs - A game changer? 新出现的 SrZrS3 卤化物包晶太阳能电池：作为 HTL 的导电 MOFs - 改变游戏规则？

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113204

Evangeline Linda, Aruna-Devi Rasu Chettiar, Latha Marasamy

The emerging SrZrS₃ chalcogenide perovskite has been suggested as a potential alternative to lead halide perovskites, offering unique optoelectronic properties while addressing concerns such as lead toxicity and instability. Our research explored its potential, demonstrating the use of conductive metal-organic frameworks (c-MOFs) Cu-MOF ({[Cu₂(6-mercapto nicotinate)]·NH₄}n), NTU-9, Fe₂(DSBDC), Sr-MOF ({[Sr(ntca)(H₂O)₂]·H₂O}n), Mn₂(DSBDC), and Cu₃(HHTP)₂ as promising substitutes for traditional HTLs via SCAPS-1D. By systematically optimizing the absorber and HTL properties, maximum PCEs of 30.60 %, 29.78 %, 28.29 %, 28.44 %, 28.80 %, and 28.62 % were accomplished for solar cell devices based on the aforementioned MOFs, respectively. Comparative analysis of initial and optimized solar cells using energy band diagrams, Nyquist plots, and quantum efficiency revealed that optimized devices consistently raised quasi-Fermi levels, significantly enhanced conductivity, and boosted solar cell performance. Additionally, the high recombination resistance of 1.4 × 10⁷ Ω cm², improved spectral response of 35 % in the NIR region, and heightened built-in potential (∼0.99 V) resulted in the highest efficiency of 30.60 % for Cu-MOF solar cells. This research highlights the promising potential of novel SrZrS₃ absorbers and the utilization of c-MOFs as HTLs in solar cells, positioning them as a game changer in the PV field.

新兴的 SrZrS3 卤化物包晶被认为是卤化铅包晶的潜在替代品，它具有独特的光电特性，同时还能解决铅毒性和不稳定性等问题。我们的研究探索了其潜力，通过 SCAPS-1D，证明了导电金属有机框架（c-MOFs）Cu-MOF（{[Cu2(6-巯基烟酸)]-NH4}n）、NTU-9、Fe2(DSBDC)、Sr-MOF（{[Sr(ntca)(H2O)2]-H2O}n）、Mn2(DSBDC)和 Cu3(HHTP)2 可作为传统 HTLs 的理想替代品。通过系统优化吸收剂和 HTL 特性，基于上述 MOFs 的太阳能电池装置的最大 PCE 分别达到 30.60%、29.78%、28.29%、28.44%、28.80% 和 28.62%。利用能带图、奈奎斯特图和量子效率对初始太阳能电池和优化太阳能电池进行的比较分析表明，优化器件不断提高准费米级，显著增强了导电性，提高了太阳能电池的性能。此外，Cu-MOF 太阳能电池的重组电阻高达 1.4 × 107 Ω cm2，在近红外区域的光谱响应提高了 35%，内置电位也有所提高（0.99 V），因此效率最高，达到 30.60%。这项研究凸显了新型 SrZrS3 吸收剂的巨大潜力，以及 c-MOFs 作为 HTLs 在太阳能电池中的应用，使其成为光伏领域的游戏规则改变者。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical investigation on the impact of geometric complexity on radiative properties of nanofluid in photothermal conversion 光热转换中几何复杂性对纳米流体辐射特性影响的数值研究

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113194

Qianru Yang , Chenghu Zhang , Sixu Liu , Shijie You

Radiative properties of medium are crucial for direct solar energy-driven photothermal applications, which necessitates development of high-performance nanofluids (NFs) by adding nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance energy efficiency. Sicne the shape and size of NPs have major impacts on the scattering and absorption behaviors of the NFs medium, the objective of this study is to perform numerical investigation on the impact of geometric complexity of TiN NPs on radiative properties of NFs with localized surface plasmon resonance effects and photothermal conversion efficiency. The results showed that the cubic NPs had broader absorption bands and higher resonance peaks compared with other shapes, leading to improved solar absorption and photothermal conversion, indicated by solar-weighted absorption coefficient (SWAC) of 41.3%. The response of macroscopic medium to thermal radiation extinction was revealed by analyzing the scattering behavior of microscopic NPs at specific wavelengths. For NPs with the same feature size and shape factor, differences in shape led to variation of SWAC by up to 37.4%, while for NPs with the same shape factor and effective radius, the SWAC was changed by only 2.9%. This study offers new insights into normalizing evaluation of photothermal performance based on shape factors and effective radii of NPs, which has important implications for improving photothermal conversion efficiency by optimizing geometric parameters of NPs and NFs medium in practical applications.

介质的辐射特性对于太阳能直接驱动的光热应用至关重要，因此有必要通过添加纳米粒子（NPs）来开发高性能纳米流体（NFs），以提高能源效率。由于 NPs 的形状和尺寸会对 NFs 介质的散射和吸收行为产生重大影响，本研究的目的是对 TiN NPs 的几何复杂性对具有局部表面等离子体共振效应的 NFs 的辐射特性和光热转换效率的影响进行数值研究。结果表明，与其他形状的 NPs 相比，立方 NPs 具有更宽的吸收带和更高的共振峰，从而改善了太阳吸收和光热转换，太阳加权吸收系数（SWAC）为 41.3%。通过分析微观 NPs 在特定波长下的散射行为，揭示了宏观介质对热辐射消光的响应。对于具有相同特征尺寸和形状系数的 NPs，形状的不同导致 SWAC 的变化高达 37.4%，而对于具有相同形状系数和有效半径的 NPs，SWAC 的变化仅为 2.9%。这项研究为根据 NPs 的形状系数和有效半径对光热性能进行规范化评估提供了新的见解，对于在实际应用中通过优化 NPs 和 NFs 介质的几何参数来提高光热转换效率具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Defect inspection of photovoltaic solar modules using aerial electroluminescence (EL): A review 利用航空电致发光 (EL) 对光伏太阳能模块进行缺陷检测：综述

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113210

Zeinab Mahdavipour

In recent years, aerial defect inspection methods have emerged as cost-efficient and rapid approaches, proving to be reliable techniques for detecting failures in photovoltaic (PV) systems. These methods are designed to swiftly conduct comprehensive monitoring of PV power plants, spanning from the commissioning phase to the entire operational lifetime. This paper presents a literature review on reported the aerial EL framework for PV system inspection. EL inspection on PV modules can be used to detect of defects, cracks, shunting, etc., with the aim of assisting to overcome any possible future major breakdown in the modules. While there are comprehensive review articles covering subjects such as infrared thermography (IRT), digital image processing (DIP), EL inspection classification, and deep learning techniques, there is currently no focused review exclusively on aerial EL inspection. In this mini review, we delve into the latest articles on aerial EL inspection, highlighting both the advantages and drawbacks of this technique. The contribution of this paper is to provide a focused review of the aerial EL inspection technique as a cutting-edge solution for evaluating module quality and identifying defective modules or problem areas.

近年来，空中缺陷检测方法已成为一种经济、快速的方法，被证明是检测光伏（PV）系统故障的可靠技术。这些方法旨在迅速对光伏电站进行全面监测，从调试阶段到整个运行寿命。本文对光伏系统检测的航空 EL 框架进行了文献综述。光伏模块的 EL 检测可用于检测缺陷、裂缝、分流等，目的是帮助克服模块未来可能出现的任何重大故障。虽然有一些综述文章涵盖了红外热成像 (IRT)、数字图像处理 (DIP)、EL 检测分类和深度学习技术等主题，但目前还没有专门针对航空 EL 检测的重点综述。在这篇小型综述中，我们将深入探讨有关航空 EL 检测的最新文章，重点介绍这种技术的优点和缺点。本文的贡献在于对航空电致发光检测技术进行了重点综述，将其作为评估模块质量和识别缺陷模块或问题区域的前沿解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Regulation of Br on molecular aggregation, film morphology and electrochromic performance of polythiophene derivatives Br 对聚噻吩衍生物的分子聚集、薄膜形态和电致变色性能的调节作用

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113205

Zengshen Li , Xi Wang , Xinyan Liu , Hongtao Liu , Shouli Ming , Jinsheng Zhao

In this work, five polythiophene derivatives were synthesized through electrochemical copolymerization of 3,3-bis(bromomethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b] (Deng et al., 2023; Li et al., 2020) [1,4]dioxepine (ProDOT-Br) and 3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b] (Deng et al., 2023; Li et al., 2020) [1,4]dioxepine (ProDOT-Me) at different mass ratios. DFT results prove that the layer spacing of conjugated blocks was increased from 5.94 Å for PProDOT-Me to 8.89 Å for PProDOT-Br due to the introduction of Br atom into side chain. And, the diverse film morphologies, such as fibre shape, cellular shape, flat shape, etc, were obtained by changing Br content in polymer. Additionally, through optimizing Br content, PBM(1,2) achieved enhanced electrochromic properties relative to two reference polymers [PProDOT-Br and PProDOT-Me], such as high optical contrast (ΔT = 76 %), fast response time (0.5 s), high transparency, and good stability. Finally, the flexible electrochromic device (8 cm × 4 cm) based on PBM(1,2) was constructed, which achieves rapid color change from purple to transparent blue. The results indicate that introducing various contents of Br atom into side chain is an effective strategy for regulating molecular microstructure and optimizing electrochromic properties of conjugated polymers.

在这项工作中，通过电化学共聚合 3,3-双（溴甲基）-3,4-二氢-2H-噻吩并[3,4-b] （Deng et al、2023；Li 等人，2020）[1,4]二氧杂环庚烷（ProDOT-Br）和 3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢-2H-噻吩并[3,4-b]（Deng 等人，2023；Li 等人，2020）[1,4]二氧杂环庚烷（ProDOT-Me）在不同质量比下的共聚。DFT 结果证明，由于在侧链中引入了 Br 原子，共轭嵌段的层间距从 PProDOT-Me 的 5.94 Å 增加到 PProDOT-Br 的 8.89 Å。此外，通过改变聚合物中 Br 原子的含量，还可获得不同的薄膜形态，如纤维状、蜂窝状、扁平状等。此外，通过优化 Br 含量，PBM(1,2) 的电致变色性能比两种参比聚合物 [PProDOT-Br 和 PProDOT-Me]更强，如光学对比度高（ΔT = 76 %）、响应时间快（0.5 秒）、透明度高和稳定性好。最后，构建了基于 PBM(1,2) 的柔性电致变色装置（8 cm × 4 cm），实现了从紫色到透明蓝色的快速变色。研究结果表明，在侧链中引入不同含量的 Br 原子是调节共轭聚合物分子微观结构、优化其电致变色性能的有效策略。

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引用次数: 0

Bending deformation effects on the optoelectronic performance of flexible GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs triple junction solar cells 弯曲变形对柔性 GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs 三结太阳能电池光电性能的影响

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113198

Ke Liu , Chengyue Sun , Hongliang Guo , Linfeng Shi , LiYong Yao , Qiang Sun , Yiyong Wu

To achieve genuine carbon neutrality, PV-powered vehicles show promise for future automotive development. However, the impact of curved surfaces on flexible solar cell module performance remains uncertain. This study specifically focuses on newly-designed flexible GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs triple junction solar cells, which have the highest potential output efficiency. A computational model was developed to analyze the electrical performance of curved solar cells, and variations in short-circuit current (Isc) and open-circuit voltage (Voc) with bending angles were determined to closely match experimental data. The effects of incident light intensity, angle, and bending strain on solar cell performance were analyzed to explain the observed Isc and Voc trends. This method can be applied to other III-V group solar cells, providing theoretical support for accurately calculating the performance of curved solar cell modules.

为了实现真正的碳中和，光伏动力汽车在未来的汽车发展中大有可为。然而，曲面对柔性太阳能电池组件性能的影响仍不确定。本研究特别关注新设计的柔性 GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs 三结太阳能电池，这种电池具有最高的潜在输出效率。研究人员建立了一个计算模型来分析弯曲太阳能电池的电气性能，并确定了短路电流（Isc）和开路电压（Voc）随弯曲角度的变化，使之与实验数据密切吻合。分析了入射光强度、角度和弯曲应变对太阳能电池性能的影响，以解释观察到的 Isc 和 Voc 变化趋势。该方法可应用于其他 III-V 族太阳能电池，为精确计算弯曲太阳能电池模块的性能提供理论支持。

引用次数: 0

Quantifying native and cut edge recombination of silicon solar cells 量化硅太阳能电池的原生和切边重组

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113192

W. Wöhler , J.M. Greulich , A.W. Bett

<div><div>To measure edge recombination of silicon solar cells, a refined perimeter to area methodology is presented and applied to a set of finished silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells from an industrial batch. Different sample sizes are cut from these by thermal laser separation (TLS), giving samples with thermally cleaved, laser scribed and natively processed edges that are investigated. Surface recombination velocities are determined for all three edge types at injection levels of <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>14</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><mi>to</mi><mspace></mspace><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>15</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, with values at <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mtext>10</mtext><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>15</mi></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><mtext>cm</mtext><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>−3</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> being <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>native</mtext></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mtext>250</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>cm/s</mtext></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>TLS</mtext></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mtext>750</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>cm/s</mtext></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>scribe</mtext></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mtext>11 000</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>cm/s</mtext></mrow></math></span>. The injection dependence is dominated by recombination of ideality 2, with line-specific saturation current densities of <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>j</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>02,native</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo>=</mo><mtext>2.41</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>nA/cm</mtext></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>j</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>02,TLS</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo>=</mo><mtext>7.77</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>nA/cm</mtext></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>j</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>02,scribe</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo>=</mo><mtext>115</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>nA/cm</mtext></mrow></math></span>. The corresponding efficiency losses are approximated by numerical simulations with <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>native</mtext></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mtext>-0.1</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> for the full cell as well as <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>TLS,half</mtext></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mtext>-0.3</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>TLS,shingle</mtext></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mtext>-1.1</mtext><mspace></mspace

为了测量硅太阳能电池的边缘重组，本文介绍了一种经过改进的周长-面积方法，并将其应用于一组工业批量生产的硅异质结（SHJ）太阳能电池成品。通过热激光分离（TLS）从这些样品中切割出不同尺寸的样品，从而得到具有热裂解、激光划线和原生加工边缘的样品，并对其进行研究。在注入水平为 Δn=(1014 至 1015)cm-3 时，确定了所有三种边缘类型的表面重组速度，其中 Δn=1015cm-3 时的值分别为 Snative=250cm/s、STLS=750cm/s 和 Sscribe=11000cm/s。注入依赖性主要由意念度 2 的重组引起，特定线路的饱和电流密度分别为 j02,nativeλ=2.41nA/cm、j02,TLSλ=7.77nA/cm 和 j02,scribeλ=115nA/cm。相应的效率损失是通过数值模拟近似得出的，对于全电池，Δηnative=-0.1%；对于 TLS 切半和切片电池，ΔηTLS,half=-0.3% 和 ΔηTLS,shingle=-1.1%。总之，该方法可用于量化成品太阳能电池上依赖注入水平的边缘重组，以进行准确的边缘损耗分析和工艺优化。

引用次数: 0

Performance analysis of a molten salt packed-bed thermal energy storage system using three different waste materials 使用三种不同废料的熔盐填料床热能储存系统的性能分析

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113199

Burcu Koçak , Marc Majó , Camila Barreneche , Ana Inés Fernández , Halime Paksoy

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) is a critical technology for the renewable energy transition, offering high power output at elevated temperatures. However, further integration of CSP plants requires a reduction in investment costs. This study investigates the use of cost-effective, sustainable, waste-based TES materials—such as Electric Arc Furnace Black Slag (BS) and Tundish (TN) from the steel industry, as well as Demolition Waste (DW) from urban regeneration projects—as packing materials in TES systems to reduce the capital expenditure of CSP plants. A One-Dimensional Continuous Solid Phase (1D-2P) model was employed to evaluate and compare the performance of DW, TN, and BS. The results revealed that all materials demonstrated comparable properties, with TN exhibiting the highest energy storage capacity (44.7 kWh) and energy storage density (296 kWh/m³). With high utilization rates of 73–75 %, waste-based TES systems show strong potential for application in CSP plants. The TES systems were scaled for a 110 MW CSP plant, which currently operates with a 2-tank molten salt TES system providing 4648.4 MWh of storage capacity. TN required the smallest storage volume of 22,273 m³ for the 110 MW CSP plant. The reduction of molten salt usage by up to 31,000 tons in the waste-based packed-bed TES system could significantly enhance the economic feasibility of CSP plants.

聚光太阳能发电（CSP）是可再生能源转型的关键技术，可在高温条件下提供高功率输出。然而，进一步整合 CSP 发电厂需要降低投资成本。本研究探讨了如何利用具有成本效益、可持续发展的废料型热电解质系统材料--如钢铁工业中的电弧炉黑渣（BS）和钢渣（TN），以及城市改造项目中的拆除废料（DW）--作为热电解质系统的填料，以降低 CSP 电站的资本支出。采用一维连续固相（1D-2P）模型对 DW、TN 和 BS 的性能进行了评估和比较。结果表明，所有材料的性能相当，其中 TN 的储能容量（44.7 kWh）和储能密度（296 kWh/m³）最高。基于废物的 TES 系统具有 73-75% 的高利用率，显示出在 CSP 工厂应用的巨大潜力。这些 TES 系统是为一个 110 兆瓦的 CSP 电站设计的，该电站目前使用的是一个双罐熔盐 TES 系统，可提供 4648.4 兆瓦时的储能。对于 110 兆瓦的 CSP 发电站，TN 需要最小的存储容量（22273 立方米）。在基于废物的填料床 TES 系统中，熔盐用量最多可减少 31,000 吨，这将大大提高 CSP 电站的经济可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Too blue to be good? A critical overview on the electrochromic properties and applications of Prussian blue 蓝得不好看？普鲁士蓝的电致变色特性和应用综述

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113195

Alexander Kraft

Prussian blue was discovered over 300 years ago, but its electrochromic properties were first described in 1978. Since about 1982, intensive work has been carried out on the development of electrochromic elements using Prussian blue. This article also describes the modern understanding of the stoichiometry and structure of Prussian blue. In addition, a structured overview of the numerous manufacturing processes of Prussian blue films is given. The various electrochromic device configurations using Prussian blue are presented. This critical review also describes and discusses the main successes and problems of the development effort towards commercial electrochromic devices with Prussian blue spanning over 40 years. In particular, color rendering problems when using Prussian blue in electrochromic devices for building glazing are discussed. Finally, impetus for further work is given.

普鲁士蓝发现于 300 多年前，但其电致变色特性首次被描述是在 1978 年。大约从 1982 年起，人们开始利用普鲁士蓝大力开发电致变色元件。本文还介绍了现代人对普鲁士蓝的化学计量学和结构的理解。此外，文章还对普鲁士蓝薄膜的多种制造工艺进行了结构性概述。还介绍了使用普鲁士蓝的各种电致变色设备配置。这篇评论还描述并讨论了 40 多年来普鲁士蓝商用电致变色设备开发工作的主要成就和问题。特别是讨论了在建筑玻璃电致变色装置中使用普鲁士蓝时的显色问题。最后，提出了进一步开展工作的动力。

引用次数: 0

Experimental study on thermal properties and microstructure of carbon nanotube molten salt nanofluids for solar thermal utilization 用于太阳能热利用的碳纳米管熔盐纳米流体的热性能和微观结构实验研究

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113201

Xia Chen, Linmin Qu, Mingxuan Zhang, Yuting Wu, Yuanwei Lu

With the continuous increase in energy demand, the exploration and research of new energy sources are becoming increasingly important. Molten salt nanofluids as solar thermal conversion heat transfer and storage media are gradually becoming widespread. To futher enhance the influence of types and concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTS) on the thermal properties of Solar and Hitec salt, short multi-walled carbon nanotubes (S-MWCNTS), MWCNTS, and carboxylated carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNTS) with the same size but different types were used as additives to prepare molten salt nanofluids. Specific heat (Cp), thermal conductivity, and other parameters were experimentally measured and analyzed. The results demonstrated that the addition of 0.5 wt% S-MWCNTS resulted in the most significant enhancement in Cp and thermal conductivity, with an increase of 13.79 % and 78.18 % compared to Solar salt, and an increase of 21.13 % and 130.69 % compared to Hitec salt. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation showed that the molten salt nanofluid containing 0.5 wt% S-MWCNTS and COOH-MWCNTS exhibited a densely stacked network structure, which increased its surface area. Based on these findings, further research was conducted on the thermal properties of S-MWCNTS nanoparticles on Solar and Hitec salt at different concentrations. 0.3 wt% S-MWCNTS resulted in the most significant enhancement in Cp, which was 22.07 % higher than Solar salt and 23.95 % higher than Hitec salt; The maximum thermal conductivity improvement of adding 0.6 wt% S-MWCNTS to Solar salt is 101.14 %, and the maximum thermal conductivity improvement of adding 0.5 wt% S-MWCNTS to Hitec salt is 130.69 %.

随着能源需求的持续增长，新能源的探索和研究变得越来越重要。熔盐纳米流体作为太阳能热转换传热和储存介质正逐渐得到广泛应用。为了进一步提高多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTS）的类型和浓度对太阳能和 Hitec 盐的热性能的影响，我们使用了尺寸相同但类型不同的短多壁碳纳米管（S-MWCNTS）、多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTS）和羧基碳纳米管（COOH-MWCNTS）作为添加剂来制备熔盐纳米流体。实验测量并分析了比热（Cp）、热导率和其他参数。结果表明，添加 0.5 wt% 的 S-MWCNTS 对 Cp 和热导率的提高最为显著，与 Solar 盐相比，Cp 和热导率分别提高了 13.79 % 和 78.18 %；与 Hitec 盐相比，Cp 和热导率分别提高了 21.13 % 和 130.69 %。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察表明，含有 0.5 wt% S-MWCNTS 和 COOH-MWCNTS 的熔盐纳米流体呈现出密集堆积的网络结构，这增加了其表面积。基于这些发现，我们进一步研究了不同浓度的 S-MWCNTS 纳米粒子在 Solar 盐和 Hitec 盐上的热性能。0.3 wt% 的 S-MWCNTS 使 Cp 得到了最显著的提高，比 Solar 盐高 22.07 %，比 Hitec 盐高 23.95 %；在 Solar 盐中添加 0.6 wt% 的 S-MWCNTS 时，导热率的最大提高幅度为 101.14 %，在 Hitec 盐中添加 0.5 wt% 的 S-MWCNTS 时，导热率的最大提高幅度为 130.69 %。

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