Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells最新文献_第7页

Mask and plate copper metallization for silicon heterojunction and perovskite silicon tandem solar cells 硅异质结和钙钛矿硅串联太阳能电池的掩膜和板铜金属化

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114055

Jörg Schube , Maral Ghanbari , Raphael Efinger , Gabriele Mikolasch , Oliver Fischer , Patricia S.C. Schulze , Jonas Bartsch , Roman Keding

To cope with the worldwide increasing demand for photovoltaics, it is inevitable for solar cell metallization to switch from scarce silver to abundantly available copper. To this end, this work offers a silver-free and industrially feasible ultra-low-temperature metallization approach called mask and plate. Using this metallization scheme, which is mainly based on inkjet printing of a resist and galvanic metal deposition, pure copper metal electrodes are applied to industrial M6-sized (edge length of 166 mm) silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells' front sides. While the screen-printed reference cells use (6 ± 1) mg W⁻¹ of silver, the mask and plate pendants use (4 ± 2) mg W⁻¹ of copper instead on busbarless half cells' front sides. Due to a width reduction of the electrodes down to (14 ± 2) μm and the electrodes’ low lateral resistivity of (2.0 ± 0.6) μΩ cm, mask and plate outperforms screen printing regarding photoconversion efficiency by 0.6 %_abs on average, while silver is completely substituted by copper. This work further demonstrates the applicability of mask and plate copper metallization to 1.21 cm²-sized perovskite silicon tandem solar cells without significant damage. It can, thus, be an enabler for silver-free industrial metallization of next-generation solar cells.

为了应对全球对光伏发电日益增长的需求，太阳能电池金属化从稀缺的银向丰富的铜转变是不可避免的。为此，这项工作提供了一种无银和工业上可行的超低温金属化方法，称为掩膜和板。利用这种金属化方案，主要是基于喷墨打印的抗蚀剂和金属电沉积，纯铜金属电极应用于工业6m尺寸（边缘长度为166 mm）硅异质结（SHJ）太阳能电池的正面。而丝网印刷的参考电池使用（6±1）mg W−1的银，掩膜和板挂件使用（4±2）mg W−1的铜代替无母线半电池的正面。由于电极的宽度减小到（14±2）μm，电极的侧向电阻率（2.0±0.6）μΩ cm，掩膜和板的光转换效率平均比丝网印刷高出0.6% abs，而银完全被铜取代。这项工作进一步证明了掩膜和板铜金属化在1.21 cm2大小的钙钛矿硅串联太阳能电池上的适用性，而不会造成重大损害。因此，它可以成为下一代太阳能电池的无银工业金属化的推动者。

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引用次数: 0

Development of molybdenum doped cerium oxide passive counter electrodes by surfactant-assisted ultrasonic spray pyrolysis 表面活性剂辅助超声喷雾热解法制备掺钼氧化铈被动对电极

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114060

Florian Gillissen , Pierre Colson , Gilles Spronck , Anthony Maho , Rudi Cloots , Jennifer Dewalque

Numerous optoelectronic systems, such as electrochromic smart windows, require efficient counter electrodes for their functional operation. Herein, cerium oxide (CeO₂) based layers are considered as optically-neutral compounds of high electrochemical activity. Their deposition as thin films onto conducting glass substrates is carried out via surfactant-assisted ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, while further considering heteroelement doping with molybdenum (0–10 %at.). Highly transparent and homogeneous films are accordingly produced, demonstrating important ion storage abilities, especially in the optimal case (6 %at. Mo), bearing a 28 mC cm⁻² charging capacity, together with 90+% transmittance over a large optical range. Morpho-structural characterizations additionally highlight a high homogeneity in the deposited layers, owing to the presence of the surfactant species, and enhancing the transmittance of the films. Moreover, the substitution of Ce⁴⁺ ions by Mo⁶⁺ in the crystal lattice is shown to create additional oxygen vacancies in the layers, contributing to the observed increase in charging capacity. Altogether, excellent optical and electrochemical performances are obtained from such Mo-doped CeO₂ formulations, surpassing most of the current related literature. Finally, proof-of-concept electrochromic devices, combining Mo-doped CeO₂ optically-neutral electrodes with WO₃ films and involving either liquid- or solid, gel-based electrolytes, display great performances of large optical contrasts, fast kinetics, and good coloration efficiencies.

许多光电系统，如电致变色智能窗口，需要有效的反电极来实现其功能操作。在此，氧化铈（CeO2）基层被认为是具有高电化学活性的光中性化合物。通过表面活性剂辅助超声喷雾热解将其作为薄膜沉积在导电玻璃基板上，同时进一步考虑掺杂钼（0 - 10% at.）。因此产生了高度透明和均匀的薄膜，显示出重要的离子储存能力，特别是在最佳情况下（6% at）。Mo)，具有28 mccm - 2的充电容量，在大光学范围内具有90%以上的透过率。由于表面活性剂的存在和薄膜透光率的提高，形态结构表征还突出了沉积层的高度均匀性。此外，晶格中的Mo6+取代Ce4+离子会在层中产生额外的氧空位，有助于观察到的充电容量的增加。总的来说，这种掺杂mo的CeO2配方获得了优异的光学和电化学性能，超过了目前大多数相关文献。最后，概念验证型电致变色器件将掺杂mo的CeO2光中性电极与WO3薄膜结合，采用液体或固体凝胶电解质，显示出大光学对比度，快速动力学和良好的显色效率。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal decomposition behavior and mechanisms of solar salt under high-temperature conditions 高温条件下太阳盐的热分解行为及机理

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114050

Xinyi Li , Yanwei Huang , Mingkai Fu , Xin Li , Fengwu Bai , DongQiang Lei

In concentrated solar power (CSP) systems, solar salt serves as a crucial heat transfer and storage medium. However, there are significant variations in the reported decomposition temperatures of this salt under operation conditions. In this study, we employed synchronous thermal analysis (STA) to combine thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data for a systematic investigation. The focus was on understanding the effects of sample mass, heating rate, and atmospheric conditions on the high-temperature decomposition of solar salt. Our research led to several key findings: Firstly, an increase in sample mass (from 4.676 to 88.10 mg) resulted in an exponential increase in decomposition temperature, reaching 677.03 °C (88.10 mg). Interestingly, 70 % of the residual mass was attributed to limitations in heat and mass transfer. Secondly, varying heating rates (from 2 °C/min to 20 °C/min) caused thermal hysteresis, elevating the decomposition temperature by as much as 72.07 °C (from 561.37 °C to 633.44 °C). When extrapolated to 0 °C/min, the intrinsic decomposition temperature was determined to be 514.85 °C. Thirdly, using a nitrogen atmosphere resulted in a reduction of 21.80 °C in the decomposition onset temperature compared to air (578.18 °C versus 599.98 °C), and also enhanced the completeness of decomposition by reducing oxygen diffusion barriers. Finally, the melting enthalpy peaked at 139.19–139.68 J/g (10–15 °C/min), while the decomposition enthalpy fluctuated depending on the testing parameters. This study has established an intrinsic temperature benchmark that could provide valuable insights for standardizing material evaluation and optimizing operational safety in CSP plants.

在聚光太阳能发电（CSP）系统中，太阳能盐是一种重要的传热和存储介质。然而，在操作条件下，这种盐的分解温度有很大的变化。在这项研究中，我们采用同步热分析（STA）结合热重（TG）和差示扫描量热（DSC）数据进行系统研究。重点是了解样品质量、加热速率和大气条件对太阳盐高温分解的影响。我们的研究有几个关键发现：首先，样品质量的增加（从4.676增加到88.10 mg）导致分解温度呈指数增长，达到677.03°C （88.10 mg）。有趣的是，70%的剩余质量归因于传热和传质的限制。其次，不同的加热速率（从2°C/min到20°C/min）引起热滞后，使分解温度升高72.07°C（从561.37°C到633.44°C）。当外推到0°C/min时，确定其固有分解温度为514.85°C。第三，在氮气气氛下，分解起始温度比在空气中（578.18°C比599.98°C）降低了21.80°C，并且通过减少氧扩散屏障，提高了分解的完全性。熔融焓峰值为139.19 ~ 139.68 J/g(10 ~ 15℃/min)，分解焓随试验参数的变化而波动。该研究建立了一个固有温度基准，可以为CSP工厂的标准化材料评估和优化运行安全性提供有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Insights into the LaCl3-regulated microstructure and transport properties of oxygen-contaminated MgCl2 molten salt via machine learning 通过机器学习了解lacl3调控的氧污染MgCl2熔盐的微观结构和输运性质

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114048

Yun Xie, Hao Zhang, Guimin Lu

MgCl₂-based molten salts have long suffered from the detrimental effects of oxygen impurity in both next-generation concentrated solar power (CSP) systems and magnesium electrolysis process. Trace O²⁻ ions strongly coordinate with Mg²⁺ to form MgO, which leads to cathode passivation, sludge formation, reduced product quality, and decreased current efficiency. In this study, deep potential molecular dynamics simulations are employed for the first time to elucidate the mechanistic role of LaCl₃ additive in modulating the microstructure and transport properties of oxygen-containing MgCl₂ molten salt. The diminished intensity of the first peak in the Mg-O radial distribution function, together with the reduced coordination number of Mg around O, suggests that La³⁺ weakens Mg-O interaction. Due to its high charge density, La³⁺ preferentially coordinates with O²⁻, thereby modifying the local oxygen environment. The addition of LaCl₃ increases the density and shear viscosity of the system while lowering its ionic conductivity. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of key properties is clarified: density and shear viscosity decrease with rising temperature, whereas ion self-diffusion coefficient and ionic conductivity increase. Machine learning molecular dynamics simulations thus provide a powerful framework for revealing the role of LaCl₃ in oxygen-containing MgCl₂ molten salt, offering theoretical guidance for extending the service life of molten salts in energy-related applications and reducing the energy consumption of magnesium electrolysis.

在下一代聚光太阳能（CSP）系统和镁电解工艺中，mgcl2基熔盐一直受到氧杂质的不利影响。微量O2−离子与Mg2+强配位形成MgO，导致阴极钝化，形成污泥，降低产品质量，降低电流效率。本研究首次采用深势分子动力学模拟方法，阐明了LaCl3添加剂对含氧MgCl2熔盐微观结构和输运性能的调控机制。Mg-O径向分布函数中第一个峰的强度减弱，以及Mg在O周围的配位数减少，表明La3+减弱了Mg-O相互作用。La3+由于电荷密度高，优先与O2−配位，从而改变了局部氧环境。LaCl3的加入增加了体系的密度和剪切粘度，同时降低了其离子电导率。此外，澄清了关键性能的温度依赖性：密度和剪切粘度随温度升高而降低，而离子自扩散系数和离子电导率随温度升高而增加。因此，机器学习分子动力学模拟为揭示LaCl3在含氧MgCl2熔盐中的作用提供了一个强大的框架，为延长熔盐在能源相关应用中的使用寿命和降低镁电解的能耗提供了理论指导。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation and thermal properties of hollow ceramic-based phase change materials for thermal energy storage 中空陶瓷基相变储热材料的制备及热性能研究

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114064

Xingyu Wang , Guangtong Zhang , Yu Sun , Chenzhen Liu , Zhonghao Rao

Phase change materials (PCM) play a critical role in solar thermal energy storage for carbon-neutral buildings by enhancing energy efficiency and optimizing solar energy utilization, but thermal instability and leakage during long-term thermal energy storage have limited their practical application. To address these challenges, a novel composite PCM was developed using alumina hollow spheres as the carrier matrix. These carrier spheres were fabricated via a micro-injection pump and subsequently adsorbed with a binary acid mixture comprising capric acid (CA) and stearic acid (SA). The CA-SA ratio of 9:1 was identified as optimal through systematic exploration of binary acid composite PCM. The adsorbed spheres were encapsulated with a sodium alginate/resin/fly ash composite to prevent leakage. The composite PCM exhibited melting and solidification latent heats of 157 J/g and 156.6 J/g, respectively. Meanwhile, the melting and solidification temperatures were 25.3 °C and 19.38 °C, respectively. After 1500 thermal cycles, the melting latent heat decreased by only 10.19 %, indicating excellent thermal performance. In the thermal energy storage and release experiment, temperature fluctuation was significantly reduced by the encapsulated composite PCM. This study provides a viable strategy for developing highly stable PCM specifically for solar thermal energy storage, offering significant potential to improve the efficiency and reliability of solar energy utilization in building applications.

相变材料（Phase change materials， PCM）通过提高能效和优化太阳能利用，在碳中和建筑的太阳能蓄热中发挥着至关重要的作用，但长期蓄热过程中的热不稳定性和泄漏问题限制了其实际应用。为了解决这些问题，开发了一种新型复合PCM，使用氧化铝空心球体作为载体基质。这些载体球是通过微注射泵制备的，随后用由癸酸（CA）和硬脂酸（SA）组成的二元酸混合物吸附。通过对二元酸复合PCM的系统探索，确定了9:1的CA-SA比为最佳。吸附后的球被海藻酸钠/树脂/粉煤灰复合材料包裹以防止泄漏。复合PCM的熔化潜热和凝固潜热分别为157 J/g和156.6 J/g。同时，熔点和凝固温度分别为25.3℃和19.38℃。经过1500个热循环后，熔体潜热仅下降10.19%，表现出良好的热性能。在储放热实验中，包封复合材料PCM显著降低了温度波动。该研究为开发高度稳定的PCM提供了一种可行的策略，特别是用于太阳能热能储存，为提高太阳能在建筑应用中的效率和可靠性提供了巨大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Al2O3/GO hybrid aerogel encapsulated paraffin wax as composite phase change materials with excellent photothermal energy conversion and storage Al2O3/GO杂化气凝胶包封石蜡作为复合相变材料，具有优异的光热转换和存储性能

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114058

Shuying Wu , Jinchao Yang , Zhimin Wu , Liu Tan

To address critical issues of leakage, low thermal conductivity, and inefficient photothermal conversion in paraffin wax (PW), this study proposes a novel design of Al₂O₃/graphene oxide (GO) hybrid aerogel (HGA) as a supporting skeleton, and fabricates shape-stable HGA/PW composite PCMs via ice-templating combined with vacuum impregnation. HGA features a 3D “lamella-particle” interlocked network, where GO serves as the structural skeleton and light absorber and nano-Al₂O₃ acts as a dual-functional modifier enhancing thermal conductivity and mechanical stability. The results show that HGA effectively immobilizes PW, achieving a high latent heat retention rate of 92.25 % and no observable leakage at 80 °C, even after 50 heating-cooling cycles. The vertical thermal conductivity of HGA/PW reaches 0.71 W/m·K, representing a 178 % enhancement over pure PW. Under simulated sunlight of 1000 W/m², HGA/PW exhibits a photothermal conversion efficiency of 93.44 % due to broad-spectrum absorption from GO and Al₂O₃ synergism. It further enables photo-thermal-electric conversion with a maximum open-circuit voltage of 136.9 mV, and maintains stable output over 10 cycles. This work demonstrates that the Al₂O₃-GO synergistic design overcomes the limitations of single GO/PW systems, providing a cost-effective and scalable strategy for integrated solar energy collection, storage, and conversion.

为了解决石蜡（PW）的泄漏、低导热性和低效光热转化等关键问题，本研究提出了一种新的Al2O3/氧化石墨烯（GO）混合气凝胶（HGA）作为支撑骨架的设计，并通过冰模板结合真空浸渍制备了形状稳定的HGA/PW复合pcm。HGA具有3D“片粒”互锁网络，其中氧化石墨烯作为结构骨架和光吸收剂，纳米al2o3作为双功能改性剂，增强导热性和机械稳定性。结果表明，HGA有效地固定了PW，即使经过50次加热-冷却循环，在80°C下也没有明显的泄漏，潜热保持率高达92.25%。HGA/PW的垂直导热系数达到0.71 W/m·K，比纯PW提高了178%。在1000 W/m2的模拟阳光下，由于氧化石墨烯和Al2O3的广谱吸收，HGA/PW光热转换效率为93.44%。它进一步实现光热电转换，最大开路电压为136.9 mV，并在10个周期内保持稳定输出。这项工作表明，Al2O3-GO协同设计克服了单一GO/PW系统的局限性，为集成太阳能收集、存储和转换提供了一种具有成本效益和可扩展的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Dual-site symmetric passivator enables high-efficiency inorganic perovskite solar cells 双位置对称钝化剂实现高效无机钙钛矿太阳能电池

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114056

Alireza Sabri, Asma Sadrmousavi-Dizaj, Chenlong Zhang, Bo Wang

A molecular engineering strategy utilizing two novel Lewis base additives 2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)isoindole-1,3-dione (BID) and 2,2′-(1,3-phenylene)bis(1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione) (PID) was employed to regulate the assembly of the precursor colloid, enhance the crystallization of the film and passivate the defects in the CsPbI₂Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Quantum chemical calculations, including electrostatic surface potential, frontier molecular orbital analysis, and adsorption energy evaluations, reveal that PID's symmetrical structure facilitates stronger dual-site interactions with undercoordinated Pb²⁺ ions on the perovskite surface compared to the single-site binding of BID. Experimentally, both additives promote larger, more uniform grains and significantly reduce defect densities. PID, leveraging its structural symmetry, flexibility, and superior adsorption strength, delivers the most pronounced improvements. PID-modified devices experienced a landmark PCE of 14.39 %, with a high open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.308 V, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 14.81 mA cm⁻², and fill factor (FF) of 74.3 %. Comprehensive characterization confirms enhanced optoelectronic properties, including prolonged charge carrier lifetimes and significantly reduced non-radiative recombination. Furthermore, unencapsulated PID-based devices retain 88 % of their initial PCE after 75 days under ambient conditions (25 °C, 10 % RH), demonstrating markedly improved operational stability. This work establishes the efficacy of rationally designed symmetrical multidentate passivators for advancing high-performance, stable inorganic perovskite photovoltaics.

采用分子工程策略，利用2-（1h -苯并咪唑-2-基）异吲哚-1,3-二酮（BID）和2,2 ' -（1,3-苯基）双（1h -异吲哚-1,3(2H)-二酮）（PID）调节CsPbI2Br钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）前驱体胶体的组装，增强薄膜的结晶和钝化缺陷。量子化学计算，包括静电表面电位、前沿分子轨道分析和吸附能评估，表明PID的对称结构比BID的单位点结合更有利于与钙钛矿表面欠配位Pb2+离子的双位点相互作用。实验结果表明，两种添加剂均能使晶粒更大、更均匀，并显著降低缺陷密度。PID，利用其结构的对称性，灵活性和优越的吸附强度，提供了最显著的改进。pid修饰器件的PCE为14.39%，开路电压（Voc）为1.308 V，短路电流密度（Jsc）为14.81 mA cm−2，填充因子（FF）为74.3%。综合表征证实了增强的光电性能，包括延长载流子寿命和显着减少非辐射复合。此外，在环境条件下（25°C, 10% RH） 75天后，未封装的基于pid的设备保持了88%的初始PCE，显示出显著提高的操作稳定性。这项工作建立了合理设计的对称多齿钝化剂对推进高性能、稳定的无机钙钛矿光伏发电的功效。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic/static corrosion behavior of 347H stainless steel in quaternary molten salt: A cellular automaton modeling study 347H不锈钢在季元熔盐中的动态/静态腐蚀行为：元胞自动机模型研究

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114051

Ruolin Zhang, Yanjun Du, Yuting Wu, Cancan Zhang, Biao Lei, Yuanwei Lu

Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cellular automata (CA) models were established to simulate the flow and static corrosion behavior of 347H stainless steel in quaternary molten salt (KNO₃-NaNO₃-NaNO₂-Ca (NO₃)₂·4H₂O). The model verification is realized by experimental comparison. The key parameters were evaluated, including corrosion steps, flow rate, different temperatures under dynamic conditions and Cl impurity. The corrosion mechanism under different flow rates was analyzed by combining the experimental results with the simulation. The results show that the tangential force generated when the flow rate increases will hinder the formation of oxide film on the metal surface or the integrity of the oxide film. Cl⁻ exhibits a dual effect: medium concentration inhibits corrosion, but excessive Cl⁻ significantly promotes the growth of corrosion layer. These quantitative models predict how different environmental conditions affect corrosion behavior and provide support for material selection and process optimization for high temperature molten salt applications.

建立二维（2D）和三维（3D）元胞自动机（CA）模型，模拟了347H不锈钢在季元熔盐（KNO3-NaNO3-NaNO2-Ca (NO3)2·4H2O）中的流动和静态腐蚀行为。通过实验对比验证了模型的正确性。对关键参数进行了评价，包括腐蚀步骤、流速、动态条件下的不同温度和Cl杂质。将实验结果与仿真结果相结合，分析了不同流速下的腐蚀机理。结果表明，流速增大时产生的切向力会阻碍金属表面氧化膜的形成或影响氧化膜的完整性。Cl−表现出双重作用：中等浓度的Cl−抑制腐蚀，但过量的Cl−显著促进腐蚀层的生长。这些定量模型预测了不同环境条件对腐蚀行为的影响，并为高温熔盐应用的材料选择和工艺优化提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

OBC-encapsulated and EG-reinforced photothermal phase change materials for broad-spectrum solar thermal conversion and storage 用于广谱太阳能热转换和存储的obc封装和eg增强光热相变材料

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114052

Xiaowen Chen , Wanwan Li , Heng Zhang , Ning Chen , Bin Zhang , Xiaohu Wu

The utilization of solar energy has problems such as intermittency and instability. Energy storage technology using phase change materials (PCMs) can effectively achieve conversion and storage of thermal energy. However, traditional PCMs has problems such as complex manufacturing, low light absorption performance and easy leakage in the field of photothermal conversion. In this paper, a photothermal phase change material (PPCM) that achieves broad-spectrum absorption and efficient photothermal conversion is proposed, and it exhibits good encapsulation properties at high temperatures. Among them, olefin block copolymer (OBC) effectively encapsulates paraffin (PW) as the supporting matrix of PPCM. By introducing expanded graphite (EG) into the PW@OBC system, (PW@OBC)-EG achieves an average light absorption efficiency of 93.5 % with an excellent latent heat of phase transition of 102.5 J/g (PW@OBC)-EG demonstrates excellent photothermal conversion and energy storage capabilities in the utilization of solar energy, and has high application potential in practical scenarios.

太阳能的利用存在间歇性和不稳定性等问题。利用相变材料（PCMs）储能技术可以有效地实现热能的转换和存储。然而，传统的pcm在光热转换领域存在制造复杂、光吸收性能低和易泄漏等问题。本文提出了一种实现广谱吸收和高效光热转换的光热相变材料（PPCM），该材料在高温下具有良好的封装性能。其中，烯烃嵌段共聚物（OBC）能有效封装石蜡（PW）作为PPCM的支撑基质。通过将膨胀石墨（EG）引入PW@OBC体系，(PW@OBC)-EG的平均光吸收效率达到93.5%，相变潜热达到102.5 J/g (PW@OBC)-EG在太阳能利用中表现出优异的光热转换和储能能力，在实际应用中具有很高的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Spatially resolved optical characterization of large-area electrochromic devices using digital image-based spectral reconstruction 使用基于数字图像的光谱重建的大面积电致变色器件的空间分辨光学特性

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114046

Antonio Cánovas-Saura, Javier Padilla

The optical characterization of large-area electrochromic (EC) devices remains a significant challenge, particularly when aiming to evaluate spatial uniformity, switching kinetics, and long-term stability with high precision. Traditional methods based on UV–Vis spectrophotometry provide accurate spectral data but are inherently limited to small sampling areas and cannot capture spatial variations across full devices. In this study, we validate a digital image-based system capable of reconstructing visible-range transmittance spectra from photographs and videos using calibrated color correction and neural network-based spectral reconstruction. The system has been used to quantify four core electrochromic performance indicators for devices of aprox. 40 cm² area, namely color homogeneity, optical contrast at any wavelength within the visible range, switching speed and cycling stability. Characterization is simultaneously obtained for the whole device surface, delivering quantitative color-coded maps at high spatial resolution.

Validation was performed for a set of polymer electrochromic devices covering a complete visible color gamut. The resulting maps successfully revealed non-uniformities in contrast, kinetics, and degradation across the devices—patterns that would not be detectable using conventional single-point measurements. The method demonstrated strong correlation between visual and quantitative degradation indicators.

While this work focuses on electrochromic systems, the proposed approach is broadly applicable to any large-area device which performance is linked to visible-range transmittance. This tool provides a fast, non-invasive, and scalable alternative to spectrophotometry, opening new possibilities for the optical evaluation of smart coatings, thin films, and other functional materials.

大面积电致变色（EC）器件的光学表征仍然是一个重大挑战，特别是当旨在评估空间均匀性，开关动力学和高精度的长期稳定性时。基于UV-Vis分光光度法的传统方法提供准确的光谱数据，但固有地局限于小采样区域，不能捕获整个设备的空间变化。在这项研究中，我们验证了一个基于数字图像的系统，该系统能够通过校准的色彩校正和基于神经网络的光谱重建，从照片和视频中重建可见光范围的透射光谱。该系统已被用于量化四个核心电致变色性能指标的器件。40 cm2面积，即色彩均匀性、可见光范围内任意波长的光学对比度、切换速度和循环稳定性。同时获得整个器件表面的特征，以高空间分辨率提供定量的彩色编码地图。对一套覆盖完整可见色域的聚合物电致变色器件进行了验证。由此产生的图谱成功地揭示了不同设备在对比度、动力学和降解方面的不均匀性——这些模式是传统的单点测量无法检测到的。该方法证明了视觉和定量退化指标之间的强相关性。虽然这项工作的重点是电致变色系统，但所提出的方法广泛适用于任何大面积的设备，其性能与可见光范围的透射率有关。该工具提供了一种快速，非侵入性和可扩展的分光光度法替代方案，为智能涂层，薄膜和其他功能材料的光学评估开辟了新的可能性。

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