Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells最新文献_第4页

Performance enhancement of solar stills using evacuated tubes and pulsating heat pipes: A comprehensive review 利用真空管和脉动热管提高太阳能蒸馏器性能的综述

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114148

Nagendra Prasad Pandey , Yogesh kumar Sahu , Rajshree Kokate , Rakshit Parikh , Abrar cinemawala , Ravindra Gupta , Haresh devjani

Freshwater scarcity remains one of the most pressing global challenges, and solar stills (SS) have emerged as a sustainable solution for decentralized water purification. However, their limited productivity restricts large-scale deployment. Among the various enhancement techniques, the integration of heat pipes has demonstrated strong potential due to their highly efficient passive heat transfer capability. This review presents a comprehensive assessment of solar stills integrated with diverse heat pipe configurations including thermosyphons, pulsating heat pipes (PHP), loop heat pipes, and oscillating heat pipes and examines their performance when combined with phase change materials (PCM), nanofluids, photovoltaic/thermal collectors, condensation enhancement strategies, and finned basin designs. Notably, the integration of evacuated tube collectors (ETC), corrugated fins, and sensible heat storage materials has enabled freshwater yields up to 19 L/m²/day, while a nano-configured oil coupled with ETC achieved a 250 % increase in productivity, along with 242 % energy and 83 % exergy enhancement, reducing the cost per liter to 0.0101 USD/L and mitigating 131.97 tons of CO₂. Similarly, the incorporation of PHPs into solar stills resulted in yields of 8.7 L/m²/day, energy and exergy efficiencies of 64 % and 4.1 %, and CO₂ mitigation of 18.79 tons. A 4E framework Energy, Exergy, Economic, and Environmental is employed to systematically analyze these systems, offering comparative insights into yield, thermal efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and payback periods. Finally, the review highlights key research gaps related to material optimization, operational orientation, long-term reliability, and scalability, and proposes a future roadmap for developing cost-effective, high-performance, and environmentally sustainable solar still technologies.

淡水短缺仍然是最紧迫的全球挑战之一，太阳能蒸馏器（SS）已经成为分散水净化的可持续解决方案。然而，它们有限的生产力限制了大规模部署。在各种增强技术中，热管集成由于其高效的被动传热能力而显示出强大的潜力。本文综述了太阳能蒸馏器与不同热管配置的综合评估，包括热虹吸管、脉动热管（PHP）、环路热管和振荡热管，并研究了它们与相变材料（PCM）、纳米流体、光伏/热集热器、冷凝增强策略和翅片盆设计相结合时的性能。值得注意的是，真空管集热器（ETC）、波纹鳍片和显热储存材料的集成使淡水产量达到19 L/m2/天，而纳米配置的油与ETC相结合，生产率提高了250%，能耗提高了242%，燃烧效率提高了83%，每升成本降低到0.0101美元/升，减少了131.97吨二氧化碳。同样，将PHPs并入太阳能蒸馏器的产量为8.7 L/m2/天，能源和能源效率分别为64%和4.1%，二氧化碳排放量减少18.79吨。采用4E框架能源、能源、经济和环境对这些系统进行系统分析，提供产量、热效率、成本效益和投资回收期的比较见解。最后，综述强调了与材料优化、操作方向、长期可靠性和可扩展性相关的关键研究差距，并提出了开发成本效益高、高性能和环境可持续的太阳能蒸馏器技术的未来路线图。

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引用次数: 0

Performance improvement of solar dish collectors with a helical receiver and ternary nanofluid 螺旋接收器和三元纳米流体太阳能集热器的性能改进

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114146

M. Sheikholeslami , M.R. Bagheri

<div><div>This study conducts a detailed computational analysis of modern solar heating configuration employing a parabolic dish reflector together with a coiled helical absorber, employing a ternary nanofluid. The dish concentrates solar radiation onto the receiver's focal point, where water infused with CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, and MgO nanoparticles provides enhanced energy absorption and superior thermal conductivity. The synergistic contribution of the three nanoparticles strengthens both photothermal conversion and heat transfer performance, while the helical receiver geometry promotes secondary flow patterns that intensify convective transport. To accurately represent the non-uniform solar irradiation across the receiver surface, solar flux distributions were generated using the SolTrace ray-tracing software and implemented in a 3D ANSYS FLUENT model through user-defined functions (UDFs). Turbulence and energy equations were applied to investigate thermohydraulic performance under various geometric and flow conditions. A parametric study explored the impact of coil turns (0–9) on thermal efficiency and pressure loss. The findings showed that additional turns enhanced heat transfer, yielding up to a 14.12 % increase in efficiency, but also caused a steep rise in pressure drop, up to 328.58 %. Beyond a threshold, efficiency gains saturated while hydraulic resistance continued to escalate, underlining the necessity for geometric optimization. To address this, a multi-objective optimization approach was implemented, balancing pumping requirements with thermal gains. Regression models based on Support Vector Machines were constructed to forecast the performance metrics, and the Weighted Sum Method (WSM) within Python software identified an optimal coil turn number of ∼2.3641. At optimized conditions (nanoparticle concentration of 0.03 and flow velocity of 0.15 m/s), the collector achieved a 14.05 % improvement in the Performance Evaluation Criteria (PEC). Increasing the flow velocity to 0.25 m/s delivered a maximum efficiency of 80.67 %, though PEC decreased by 3.68 % due to high Re (Reynolds number) effects. Receiver orientation was also examined, with the vertical position at 0.8 m above the dish yielding the highest absorption efficiency, representing an 11.68 % gain over a conventional straight-tube receiver. Based on the predicted annual thermal generation, the system can generate about $734.94 in yearly savings, enabling a rapid payback of around 10.6 months. Long-term operation provides additional economic benefit, with total profits approaching $3760 after six years. In summary, this work introduces a highly efficient and economically viable solar thermal configuration that combines ternary nanofluid technology, optimized helical receiver geometry, and advanced simulation-based analysis. It addresses a critical gap by linking receiver design to the thermohydraulic behavior of complex nanofluids under concentrated s

本研究对采用抛物碟形反射器和螺旋状吸收体，采用三元纳米流体的现代太阳能加热结构进行了详细的计算分析。该天线将太阳辐射集中到接收器的焦点上，在那里注入了CoFe2O4、TiO2和MgO纳米粒子的水提供了增强的能量吸收和优越的导热性。三种纳米颗粒的协同作用增强了光热转换和传热性能，而螺旋接收器的几何形状促进了二次流模式，加强了对流传输。为了准确地表示整个接收器表面的非均匀太阳辐照，使用SolTrace光线跟踪软件生成太阳通量分布，并通过用户定义函数（udf）在三维ANSYS FLUENT模型中实现。应用湍流和能量方程研究了不同几何和流动条件下的热工性能。参数研究探讨了线圈匝数（0-9）对热效率和压力损失的影响。结果表明，额外的转数增加了换热，效率提高了14.12%，但也导致压降急剧上升，达到328.58%。超过阈值后，效率会趋于饱和，而水力阻力会继续增大，这就强调了几何优化的必要性。为了解决这个问题，采用了一种多目标优化方法，平衡泵送需求和热增益。构建了基于支持向量机的回归模型来预测性能指标，Python软件中的加权和方法（WSM）确定了最优线圈匝数为~ 2.3641。在优化条件下（纳米颗粒浓度为0.03，流速为0.15 m/s），捕集器的性能评价指标（PEC）提高了14.05%。将流速提高到0.25 m/s时，最大效率为80.67%，但由于高Re（雷诺数）效应，PEC降低了3.68%。接收器的方向也进行了测试，垂直位置在碟子上方0.8 m处产生最高的吸收效率，比传统的直管接收器增加11.68%。根据预测的年发电量，该系统每年可节省约734.94美元，实现约10.6个月的快速投资回报。长期运营有额外的经济效益，6年后总利润接近3760元。总之，这项工作介绍了一种高效且经济可行的太阳能热配置，它结合了三元纳米流体技术、优化的螺旋接收器几何形状和先进的基于模拟的分析。它通过将接收器设计与复杂纳米流体在集中太阳通量下的热水力行为联系起来，解决了一个关键的空白，为下一代可再生能源系统的发展提供了实用的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Scalable cesium/potassium incorporation via CuGa:CsF/KF precursors enables high-efficiency selenized CIGSe solar cells 可扩展的铯/钾通过CuGa:CsF/KF前体掺入实现高效硒化CIGSe太阳能电池

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114151

Lung-Hsin Tu , Jun-Nan Liu , Yung-Ling Chang , Thung-Yu Tsai , Ngoc Thanh Thuy Tran , Rong-Zhi Chen , Tzu-Ying Lin , Shih-kang Lin , Chih-Huang Lai

This study explores the incorporation of alkali metals into Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGSe) thin films using CuGa:KF and CuGa:CsF sputtering targets, demonstrating their compatibility and scalability with industrial sequential processes without requiring any additional post-deposition treatment. The introduction of alkali metals through CuGa:KF and CuGa:CsF precursors significantly influences the compositional gradient, ordered vacancy compound (OVC) distribution, and cell performance. Ab initio calculations reveal a link between steeper Ga gradients and OVC formation. Co-doping with Cs and K, using a stacked precursor layer of sputtering CuGa:KF/CuGa:CsF targets, further optimizes the Ga gradient and reduces OVC formation at the backside of CIGSe. These effects collectively enhance cell performance, achieving an efficiency exceeding 17 %, even with low-reactivity Se vapor during selenization. This approach offers a new direction for simplifying heavy alkali metal incorporation and eliminates the need for post-deposition treatments. Importantly, it is fully compatible with existing industrial fabrication processes and provides a scalable pathway for high-efficiency selenized CIGSe production.

本研究探索了使用CuGa:KF和CuGa:CsF溅射靶材将碱金属掺入Cu(In,Ga)Se2 （CIGSe）薄膜中，证明了它们与工业顺序工艺的兼容性和可扩展性，而无需任何额外的沉积后处理。通过CuGa:KF和CuGa:CsF前体引入碱金属显著影响了组成梯度、有序空位化合物（OVC）分布和电池性能。从头计算揭示了更陡的Ga梯度和OVC形成之间的联系。Cs和K的共掺杂，利用溅射CuGa:KF/CuGa:CsF靶点的堆叠前驱体层，进一步优化了Ga梯度，减少了CIGSe背面OVC的形成。这些效应共同提高了电池性能，即使在硒化过程中反应性低的Se蒸气中，效率也超过17%。该方法为简化重碱金属掺入提供了新的方向，并消除了沉积后处理的需要。重要的是，它与现有的工业制造工艺完全兼容，并为高效硒化CIGSe生产提供了可扩展的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Solid-solid phase change films with intrinsic flexibility and photo-thermal conversion capabilities for human thermal management 固体-固体相变薄膜具有固有的灵活性和光热转换能力，可用于人体热管理

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114158

Guangyu Zhu , Jue Wang , Wenxing Luo , Wenjing Chen , Yan Ma , Xiongxin Jiang , Qinglin Li , Xiaowu Hu

Phase change materials (PCMs) exhibit great potential for thermal energy storage; however, their practical applications are often hindered by leakage, intrinsic brittleness, and inefficient photothermal conversion. Herein, we present a simple and effective strategy for fabricating flexible phase change materials (NXPCMs) with intrinsic shape stability and photothermal conversion capability. The NXPCMs feature a typical linear polymer architecture with an internal physically crosslinked network. Synergistic covalent bonding, hydrogen bonding, and π–π stacking interactions endow the NXPCMs with outstanding leakage resistance, excellent mechanical performance (tensile strength of 15.83 MPa and elongation at break of 949.8 %), and high flexibility. Owing to the tunable polyethylene glycol (PEG) segments, the phase-change temperatures (40.1–50.9 °C) and latent heat values (93.89–131.3 J/g) can be effectively tailored within a desirable range. Notably, the limitations associated with conventional physical incorporation of photothermal fillers are overcome by embedding 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) directly into the polymer backbone, enabling simultaneous enhancement of photothermal conversion efficiency and mechanical integrity. As a result, the NXPCMs demonstrate excellent suitability for personal wearable thermal management. This work offers a promising strategy for the development of intrinsically photothermal PCMs for flexible wearable thermal management applications.

相变材料（PCMs）在热能储存方面表现出巨大的潜力；然而，它们的实际应用往往受到泄漏，固有脆性和光热转换效率低下的阻碍。在此，我们提出了一种简单有效的制造柔性相变材料（nxpcm）的策略，该材料具有固有的形状稳定性和光热转换能力。nxpcm具有典型的线性聚合物结构，内部具有物理交联网络。协同共价键、氢键和π -π堆叠相互作用使nxpcm具有优异的抗泄漏性能、优异的力学性能（抗拉强度为15.83 MPa，断裂伸长率为949.8%）和高柔韧性。由于聚乙二醇（PEG）段可调，相变温度（40.1-50.9°C）和潜热值（93.89-131.3 J/g）可以有效地在理想的范围内定制。值得注意的是，通过将1,5-二羟基萘（DHN）直接嵌入聚合物骨架中，克服了传统物理掺入光热填料的局限性，从而同时提高了光热转换效率和机械完整性。因此，nxpcm在个人可穿戴热管理方面表现出出色的适用性。这项工作为开发用于灵活可穿戴热管理应用的固有光热pcm提供了一个有前途的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of 5 MeV proton irradiation on flexible inverted metamorphic GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs triple-junction solar cells 5mev质子辐照对柔性倒变质GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs三结太阳能电池的影响

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114131

T.B. Wang , A. Aierken , S.Y. Zhang , M. Li , X.B. Zhang , J.S. Bi , X.F. Liu , M.Q. Liu , C.S. Gao

This study investigates the effects of 5 MeV proton irradiation on flexible inverted metamorphic GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs (IMM3J) triple-junction solar cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cathodoluminescence (CL) analyses confirm that the flexible IMM3J solar cells possess high crystal quality. Based on SRIM simulations, 5 MeV protons penetrate the entire cell structure, producing nearly uniform damage, with vacancy defect density peaking near the bottom of the base region in each subcell. With increasing irradiation fluence, degradation in open-circuit voltage (V_oc) is more pronounced than that in short-circuit current density (J_sc). Analysis of the integrated current densities of the subcells reveals that the current-limiting junction shifts from the GaInP top cell to the InGaAs bottom cell as fluence increases. The degradation rate of the full-structure InGaAs subcell closely matches that of the complete IMM3J device, suggesting that damage in the InGaAs bottom cell plays a dominant role in determining overall current degradation. Dark-current curve fitting indicates that shunt resistance (R_sh) decreases while series resistance (R_s), diffusion current (I_s1), and recombination current (I_s2) increase with irradiation. Deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) reveals no significant fabrication-induced defects. The most impactful irradiation-induced defect in the GaAs subcell is H1 (Ev+0.227 eV), while those in the InGaAs subcell are H2 (Ev+0.221 eV), H4 (Ev+0.547 eV), and H5 (Ev+0.558 eV).

研究了5mev质子辐照对柔性倒变质GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs （IMM3J）三结太阳能电池的影响。透射电镜（TEM）和阴极发光（CL）分析证实了柔性IMM3J太阳能电池具有较高的晶体质量。基于SRIM模拟，5 MeV质子穿透整个电池结构，产生几乎均匀的损伤，每个亚电池中空位缺陷密度在基区底部附近达到峰值。随着辐照通量的增加，开路电压（Voc）的下降比短路电流密度（Jsc）的下降更为明显。对亚单元的集成电流密度分析表明，随着通量的增加，限流结从GaInP顶部单元转移到InGaAs底部单元。完整结构InGaAs亚电池的降解速率与完整的IMM3J器件的降解速率非常接近，这表明InGaAs底电池的损伤在决定整体电流降解中起主导作用。暗电流曲线拟合表明，随着辐照的增加，并联电阻（Rsh）减小，串联电阻（Rs）、扩散电流（Is1）和复合电流（Is2）增大。深能级瞬态光谱（DLTS）显示没有明显的制造缺陷。辐照诱导缺陷在GaAs亚电池中影响最大的是H1 (Ev+0.227 Ev)，而在InGaAs亚电池中影响最大的是H2 （Ev+0.221 Ev）、H4 （Ev+0.547 Ev）和H5 （Ev+0.558 Ev）。

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引用次数: 0

Photogating and electrical pulse erasure in SnO2-based synaptic transistors for non-volatile optical memory applications 非易失性光存储应用中基于sno2的突触晶体管的光门控和电脉冲擦除

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114159

Gexun Qin , Yanmei Sun , Xuelin Sun

With the increasing demand for advanced optoelectronic memory and neuromorphic computing technologies, developing synaptic transistors capable of non-volatile optical storage and electrical modulation is crucial. In this study, we fabricate a SnO₂-based synaptic transistor with a bottom-gate top-contact structure, where SnO₂ serves as the primary conductive channel material. The device demonstrates bipolar transfer behavior with a high current switching ratio (1.05 × 10⁵) and long-term stability (>8000 s). Under UV illumination (365 nm), the transistor exhibits a photogating effect, leading to persistent conductivity modulation due to trapped electrons forming localized electric fields. Additionally, the device shows synaptic functionalities, including excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), and transition from short-term plasticity (STP) to long-term plasticity (LTP) under optical pulses. Electrical pulse stimulation further enables tunable synaptic weight modulation, exhibiting pulse amplitude- and width-dependent plasticity. Notably, the device achieves non-volatile optical memory operation, where UV light pulses induce stable conductance states, and gate voltage pulses enable reversible erasure. However, performance degrades at elevated temperatures (>35 °C), limiting high-temperature applications. These findings highlight the potential of SnO₂-based synaptic transistors for optoelectronic memory and neuromorphic computing systems.

随着对先进光电存储和神经形态计算技术的需求不断增加，开发具有非易失性光存储和电调制功能的突触晶体管至关重要。在这项研究中，我们制造了一个基于SnO2的突触晶体管，具有底部栅极顶部接触结构，其中SnO2作为主要导电通道材料。该器件具有高电流开关比（1.05 × 105）和长期稳定性（> 8000s）的双极转移行为。在紫外光照射（365 nm）下，晶体管表现出光门效应，由于捕获电子形成局部电场而导致持续的电导率调制。此外，该装置还显示了突触功能，包括兴奋性突触后电流（EPSC）、成对脉冲促进（PPF）以及光脉冲下从短期可塑性（STP）到长期可塑性（LTP）的转变。电脉冲刺激进一步使突触重量调制可调，表现出脉冲振幅和宽度依赖的可塑性。值得注意的是，该器件实现了非易失性光存储器操作，其中紫外光脉冲诱导稳定的电导状态，栅极电压脉冲使可逆擦除成为可能。然而，在高温下（>35°C），性能会下降，限制了高温应用。这些发现突出了基于sno2的突触晶体管在光电存储和神经形态计算系统中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Grafting engineering of ZIF-8 and polymer to enhance performance of gel electrolyte in electrochromic devices ZIF-8与聚合物接枝工程提高电致变色器件中凝胶电解质的性能

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114143

Tian Li , Dongxue Liu , Sainan Ma , Gang Xu , Buyi Yan , Xiaoyue Hao , Likun Wang , Yong Liu , Gaorong Han

As an indispensable and crucial component in electrochromic devices, transparent gel electrolyte has a significant impact on optical contrast, switching speed, cycling stability, and mechanical robustness. In this study, an engineering by grafting polar bimolecular groups of Terephthalic Dihydrazide (TPHD) onto the surface of ZIF-8 nanoparticles and polymer to enhance performance of gel electrolyte was proposed. Benefiting from the stable pore structure and high dispersion of TPHD modified ZIF-8 (TPHD@ZIF-8), the gel electrolyte doped with 6 wt% TPHD@ ZIF-8 (TGPL-6 %) achieves high initial transmittance of 82 % at 633 nm, representing a 23 % enhancement over the 6 wt% unmodified ZIF-8 doped gel polymer electrolyte layer (ZGPL-6 %). A high ionic conductivity of 1.73 mS/cm was obtained, which was 30 % higher than that of ZGPL-6 % (1.33 mS/cm) and more than four times that of pure GPL (0.37 mS/cm). Young's modulus and tensile strength of TGPL-6 % are 0.0064 and 0.179 MPa, respectively. The TGPL-6 % has been successfully applied in electrochromic devices, achieving a high optical modulation of 38 % and excellent durability. This work provides valuable insights into the rational design of high-performance transparent gel electrolytes for advanced electrochromic devices.

透明凝胶电解质作为电致变色器件中不可缺少的关键部件，对光学对比度、开关速度、循环稳定性和机械稳健性具有重要影响。本研究提出了一种将对苯二甲酸二肼（TPHD）极性双分子基团接枝到ZIF-8纳米颗粒和聚合物表面以提高凝胶电解质性能的工程方法。得益于TPHD修饰的ZIF-8 （TPHD@ZIF-8）稳定的孔隙结构和高分散性，掺6wt % TPHD@ZIF-8 （tgpl - 6%）的凝胶电解质在633 nm处获得了82%的高初始透过率，比未掺6wt % ZIF-8的凝胶聚合物电解质层（zgpl - 6%）提高了23%。获得了1.73 mS/cm的高离子电导率，比zgpl （1.33 mS/cm）高30% - 6%，是纯GPL （0.37 mS/cm）的4倍以上。tgpl - 6%的杨氏模量和拉伸强度分别为0.0064和0.179 MPa。tgpl - 6%已成功应用于电致变色器件，实现了38%的高光调制和优异的耐用性。这项工作为先进电致变色器件的高性能透明凝胶电解质的合理设计提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Mitigating parasitic optical losses in bifacial TOPCon solar cells through localized thinning of polysilicon 通过多晶硅局部减薄来减轻双面TOPCon太阳能电池的寄生光损耗

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114147

Yalun Cai , Shuo Deng , Jialiang Huang , Zicheng Wang , Yuhao Cheng , Jialin Cong , Tang Qiao , Geng Zhang , Jian Song , Feng Li , Zhuo Xu , Ning Song

The parasitic absorption in the poly-Si layer on the rear side of a bifacial tunnel oxide passivated contacts (TOPCon) cell can compromise the short-circuit current density (J_SC) and cell efficiency. In this work, we demonstrate a local thinning (LT) approach on the polysilicon (poly-Si) layer in TOPCon cells to mitigate parasitic absorption. The LT approach is achieved by combining laser and alkaline etching. The 355 nm ultraviolet picosecond (UV-ps) pulsed laser introduces a 4 nm surface silicon oxide (SiO_X) which functions as an etch barrier in the subsequent alkaline etching. Consequently, lasered regions in the poly-Si layer can maintain a thickness of 110 nm while regions without laser treatment are thinned to about 30 nm. This local thinning process can suppress parasitic absorption while preserving excellent passivation. The laser also amorphizes the first 30 nm of the poly-Si into a-Si, which recrystallizes into poly-Si in later firing step with an increased doping concentration from 2E20 to 7E20 cm⁻³. Experimental J–V measurements show an increase in J_SC by 0.13 mA/cm², a V_OC gain of 1.9 mV, and an absolute efficiency gain of 0.12 % under one-sun illumination. Device-level simulations with Quokka3 further predict the efficiency gain of TOPCon cells incorporating this LT process under idealized contact and passivation conditions. These results highlight that the LT-TOPCon approach can effectively suppress rear-side parasitic absorption while maintaining passivation quality, offering a practical route to boost the efficiency of next-generation bifacial silicon solar cells.

双面隧道氧化物钝化触点（TOPCon）电池背面多晶硅层的寄生吸收会影响电池的短路电流密度（JSC）和效率。在这项工作中，我们展示了TOPCon电池中多晶硅（poly-Si）层的局部减薄（LT）方法，以减轻寄生吸收。LT方法是通过激光和碱性蚀刻相结合来实现的。355nm的紫外皮秒（UV-ps）脉冲激光器引入了4nm的表面氧化硅（SiOX），在随后的碱性蚀刻中起蚀刻屏障的作用。因此，多晶硅层中的激光区域可以保持110 nm的厚度，而未经激光处理的区域则减薄至约30 nm。这种局部减薄过程可以抑制寄生吸收，同时保持良好的钝化效果。当掺杂浓度从2E20 cm−3增加到7E20 cm−3时，多晶硅在前30 nm处非晶化成a-Si，在后续的发射步骤中再结晶成多晶硅。实验J-V测量表明，在单太阳照射下，JSC增加了0.13 mA/cm2， VOC增益为1.9 mV，绝对效率增益为0.12%。利用Quokka3进行的器件级模拟进一步预测了采用该LT工艺的TOPCon电池在理想接触和钝化条件下的效率增益。这些结果表明，LT-TOPCon方法可以有效地抑制后侧寄生吸收，同时保持钝化质量，为提高下一代双面硅太阳能电池的效率提供了一条实用的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation and performance study of NaCl-Na2SO4-basalt composite solid heat storage material based on industrial waste salt 基于工业废盐的nacl - na2so4 -玄武岩复合固体储热材料的制备及性能研究

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114142

Haoyue Liu , Liangchen Suo , Yuanwei Lu , Jingdan Mei , Tong Niu , Zhenze Xu , Han Yang

To address the significant accumulation of industrial waste salt and to promote advancements in energy structure optimization, this study presents a novel composite solid sensible heat storage material composed of NaCl and Na₂SO₄, enhanced by the incorporation of basalt. The material was prepared using a cold pressing-hot sintering process. The optimal additive amount and granularity of basalt were analyzed through evaluations of mechanical strength and thermal physical properties, supplemented by microstructural and compositional analyses. The results indicate that, under specific conditions, the incorporation of basalt can further improve the thermal properties or mechanical strength of the material; however, this enhancement is not stable. This instability may be attributed to the bonding density between the basalt and the material, as well as the porosity within the material. Weak bonding may also result in reduced thermal conductivity. This research broadens the potential for developing cost-effective heat storage materials and confirms the efficacy of basalt particles in enhancing the mechanical strength and thermophysical properties of salt-based solid heat storage materials.

为解决工业废盐大量积累的问题，促进能源结构优化的进展，本研究提出了一种新型的由NaCl和Na2SO4组成的复合固体显热材料，并通过玄武岩的掺入进行强化。该材料采用冷压-热烧结工艺制备。通过力学强度和热物理性能评价，结合显微组织和成分分析，分析了玄武岩的最佳添加量和粒度。结果表明，在特定条件下，玄武岩的掺入可进一步提高材料的热性能或机械强度；然而，这种增强并不稳定。这种不稳定性可归因于玄武岩和材料之间的结合密度，以及材料内部的孔隙率。弱粘合也可能导致导热性降低。该研究拓宽了开发具有成本效益的储热材料的潜力，并证实了玄武岩颗粒在提高盐基固体储热材料的机械强度和热物理性能方面的功效。

{"title":"Preparation and performance study of NaCl-Na2SO4-basalt composite solid heat storage material based on industrial waste salt","authors":"Haoyue Liu , Liangchen Suo , Yuanwei Lu , Jingdan Mei , Tong Niu , Zhenze Xu , Han Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the significant accumulation of industrial waste salt and to promote advancements in energy structure optimization, this study presents a novel composite solid sensible heat storage material composed of NaCl and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, enhanced by the incorporation of basalt. The material was prepared using a cold pressing-hot sintering process. The optimal additive amount and granularity of basalt were analyzed through evaluations of mechanical strength and thermal physical properties, supplemented by microstructural and compositional analyses. The results indicate that, under specific conditions, the incorporation of basalt can further improve the thermal properties or mechanical strength of the material; however, this enhancement is not stable. This instability may be attributed to the bonding density between the basalt and the material, as well as the porosity within the material. Weak bonding may also result in reduced thermal conductivity. This research broadens the potential for developing cost-effective heat storage materials and confirms the efficacy of basalt particles in enhancing the mechanical strength and thermophysical properties of salt-based solid heat storage materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 114142"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficient 3D Solar Evaporator for water-cleaning/seawater-desalination made with Loofah coated with graphite recycled from alkaline/spent batteries 高效的3D太阳能蒸发器，用于水清洗/海水淡化，由丝瓜络制成，涂有从碱性/废电池回收的石墨

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114150

E. Valadez-Renteria , E. Monroy-Sandoval , L.M. Prieto-Zuleta , A.C. Hernandez-Arteaga , V. Rodriguez-Gonzalez , J. Oliva

Solar steam generation (SSG) devices are a promising alternative for producing fresh water from seawater and polluted matrices. This study evaluates graphite recycled from spent lithium (CLB) and alkaline carbon-zinc batteries (CZB) for their application as photothermal materials in evaporation processes. A 3D loofah sponge served as the structural support for the fabricated steam evaporators, which were coated with graphite recycled from alkaline/lithium batteries. The evaporator coated with CZB achieved an evaporation rate of 2.22 kg/m²h, while the evaporator coated CLB reached the higher evaporation rate of 2.4 kg/m²h under natural sunlight exposition. The most efficient solar evaporators were successfully tested for the purification of tap water contaminated with the recalcitrant pollutants (20 ppm) ambroxol (ABX) and glyphosate (GYL). Absorbance analysis of the evaporated water confirmed the complete purification of tap water, that is, the complete elimination of ABX and GYL from the water. The superior performance of solar evaporator made with CLB over that made with CZB is attributed to three main factors: i) enhanced optical absorbance in the visible region, ii) higher hydrophilicity and iii) higher content of defect, which facilitates the heat localization and minimizes the thermal loss. Overall, this study confirms that utilizing recycled graphite from batteries for SSG applications is a feasible strategy for developing high-performance devices capable of water desalination/cleaning.

太阳能蒸汽发生器（SSG）装置是一种很有前途的从海水和污染基质中生产淡水的替代方案。本研究评估了从废锂电池（CLB）和碱性碳锌电池（CZB）中回收的石墨在蒸发过程中作为光热材料的应用。3D丝瓜海绵作为蒸汽蒸发器的结构支撑，蒸发器表面涂有从碱性/锂电池中回收的石墨。包覆CZB蒸发器的蒸发速率为2.22 kg/m2h，而包覆CLB蒸发器在自然光照下的蒸发速率更高，为2.4 kg/m2h。对最有效的太阳能蒸发器进行了成功的测试，用于净化被顽固性污染物（20 ppm）氨溴索（ABX）和草甘膦（GYL）污染的自来水。蒸发水的吸光度分析证实了自来水的完全净化，即从水中完全消除了ABX和GYL。CLB制造的太阳能蒸发器性能优于CZB的主要原因有三个：1)可见光区的光学吸光度增强；2)亲水性更高；3)缺陷含量更高，有利于热的局部化，使热损失最小化。总的来说，这项研究证实，利用从电池中回收的石墨用于SSG应用是开发能够脱盐/清洁水的高性能设备的可行策略。

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引用次数: 0