Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells最新文献_第4页

TiO2 and down-conversion phosphors to enhance UV protection of solar cells 二氧化钛和下转换荧光粉增强太阳能电池的紫外线防护能力

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113261

Philippe Voarino , Thomas Berthomieu , Clément Jamin , Anthony Barros , Sandrine Therias , Damien Boyer , Loris Ibarrart

In recent years, demand for solar generators for LEO (Low Earth Orbit) applications has been growing, and much research has focused on the use of less expensive and thinner (<90 μm). silicon-based solar cells that can be integrated on flexible Photovoltaic Assemblies (PVAs). These solar cells must be protected from space UV radiations and also withstand more than 50,000 thermal cycles in LEO. The solution advocated here involves the incorporation of UV-absorbing particles into a spatial polymer, combined with lanthanide ions based inorganic phosphors (Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ and Y₂O₂S:Eu³⁺) to achieve the down-conversion process. Embedded into a silicone-based polymer matrix with a thickness close to 100 μm, these particles are then deposited on 180 μm thick Ga-doped heterojunction silicon cells (30x30 mm²). UV tests are carried out on ONERA's SEMIRAMIS platform at two doses: 425 esh and 1005 esh. A series of 1000 thermal cycles is carried out at the CEA. The first spatial UV analysis revealed a maximum loss of almost 5 % in short-circuit current (Isc) for PV devices after 1005 esh. Comparing results in open circuit voltage (Voc), the bare cell degrades as the dose increases (−2 % at 425 esh and −5 % at 1005 esh). One positive point is that the addition of TiO₂ particles protects the solar cell. These initial results point out that it is possible to produce a protective coating to limit the effects of degradation of Silicon cells under space UV flux, with a focus on producing flexible PVAs.

近年来，低地球轨道（LEO）应用对太阳能发电机的需求不断增长，许多研究都集中在使用更便宜、更薄（90 μm）的硅基太阳能电池上，这种电池可以集成在柔性光伏组件（PVA）上。这些太阳能电池必须防止太空紫外线辐射，并能承受低地轨道上超过 50,000 次的热循环。本文提出的解决方案是在空间聚合物中加入紫外线吸收粒子，并结合基于镧系离子的无机荧光粉（Y2O3:Eu3+ 和 Y2O2S:Eu3+）来实现下转换过程。这些颗粒嵌入厚度接近 100 μm 的硅基聚合物基体，然后沉积在 180 μm 厚的掺镓异质结硅电池（30x30 mm2）上。紫外线测试在 ONERA 的 SEMIRAMIS 平台上以两种剂量进行：425 esh 和 1005 esh。在 CEA 进行了一系列 1000 次热循环。首次空间紫外线分析显示，1005 ESH 后，光伏设备的短路电流 (Isc) 最大损失接近 5%。比较开路电压 (Voc) 的结果，裸电池的性能随着剂量的增加而下降（425 ESH 时为 -2%，1005 ESH 时为 -5%）。值得肯定的一点是，二氧化钛微粒的加入保护了太阳能电池。这些初步结果表明，有可能生产出一种保护涂层，以限制硅电池在空间紫外线通量下的降解效应，重点是生产柔性 PVA。

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引用次数: 0

Polyamide 6-Al2O3 nanoparticle composite nanofiber membranes with high solar reflectivity and human radiation transmittance for passive human body cooling 具有高太阳反射率和人体辐射透过率的聚酰胺 6-Al2O3 纳米粒子复合纳米纤维膜，用于人体被动冷却

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113270

Mengyao Han , Song Ren , Can Ge , Jian Fang , Hongxia Wang , Tong Lin

Passive radiant heat management is an energy-saving thermal radiation management technology that can improve the temperature regulation of conventional clothing in high-temperature environments. However, existing materials are either complex in structure, difficult to fabricate, or unsuitable for human application. In this study, a novel nanofiber membrane was developed that exhibits high solar reflectance and infrared transparency to human radiation, thus having an excellent radiative cooling effect. The nanofiber membrane was prepared by electrospinning polyamide (PA) 6 containing Al₂O₃ nanoparticles. It exhibits an average solar radiation reflectance of about 88 %, a maximum reflectance of more than 95 %, and transmittance to the human body infrared of more than 95 % and provides a cooling effect of 4–6.4 °C for outdoor objects (with convection), which results from the coaction of PA6 nanofibers and Al₂O₃ nanoparticles. The implementation of nanofiber membranes in clothing could not only protect wearers from high outdoor temperatures but also improve air and moisture permeability. We hope that this unique nanofiber membrane will be useful for managing thermal comfort and energy efficiency in various applications ranging from architectural materials to personal cooling solutions.

被动辐射热管理是一种节能的热辐射管理技术，可以改善高温环境下传统服装的温度调节。然而，现有材料要么结构复杂、难以制造，要么不适合人体应用。本研究开发了一种新型纳米纤维膜，它对太阳辐射有很高的反射率，对人体辐射有很高的红外透射率，因此具有很好的辐射冷却效果。这种纳米纤维膜是通过电纺含有 Al2O3 纳米颗粒的聚酰胺（PA）6 制备而成的。它对太阳辐射的平均反射率约为 88%，最大反射率超过 95%，对人体红外线的透射率超过 95%，并能为室外物体提供 4-6.4 °C 的冷却效果（带对流），这是 PA6 纳米纤维和 Al2O3 纳米粒子共同作用的结果。在服装中使用纳米纤维膜不仅能保护穿着者免受室外高温的影响，还能改善透气性和透湿性。我们希望这种独特的纳米纤维膜将有助于管理从建筑材料到个人冷却解决方案等各种应用中的热舒适度和能效。

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引用次数: 0

Analyzing the PN junction impedance of crystalline silicon solar cells across varied illumination and temperature conditions 分析晶体硅太阳能电池在不同光照和温度条件下的 PN 结阻抗

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113255

David A. van Nijen, Salem Naoom, Mirco Muttillo, Paul Procel, Miro Zeman, Olindo Isabella, Patrizio Manganiello

The impedance of solar cells can be leveraged for a variety of innovative applications. However, for the continued advancement of such applications, it is crucial to understand how the impedance varies during practical operation. This work characterizes the impedance of modern crystalline silicon solar cells across different bias voltages and under varying illumination and temperature conditions. It is found that for a given bias voltage, variations in temperature have a notably stronger impact on PN junction impedance than changes in irradiance. However, during maximum power point (MPP) tracking, variations in irradiance have a larger influence on the PN junction impedance than temperature variations. This is related to the shifting operating voltage during operation. Furthermore, it is shown that the capacitance during practical operation can strongly vary for different solar cells. For instance, the areal MPP capacitance values of the two cells tested in this study at 0.1 sun irradiance and a temperature of 30 °C were 0.283

μ

F/cm² and 20.2

μ

F/cm², a 71-fold difference. Conversely, the range of the MPP diffusion resistance was found to be highly similar for different cells. The results of this study enhance the understanding of solar-cell impedance and have a broad applicability.

太阳能电池的阻抗可用于各种创新应用。然而，为了继续推进此类应用，了解阻抗在实际操作过程中的变化情况至关重要。这项研究描述了现代晶体硅太阳能电池在不同偏置电压、不同光照和温度条件下的阻抗特性。研究发现，在给定偏置电压下，温度变化对 PN 结阻抗的影响明显大于辐照度变化。然而，在最大功率点（MPP）跟踪期间，辐照度变化对 PN 结阻抗的影响大于温度变化。这与运行过程中工作电压的变化有关。此外，研究还表明，不同太阳能电池在实际运行过程中的电容会有很大差异。例如，在 0.1 太阳辐照度和 30 °C 温度条件下，本研究中测试的两个电池的全面积 MPP 电容值分别为 0.283 μF/cm2 和 20.2 μF/cm2，相差 71 倍。相反，不同细胞的 MPP 扩散阻力范围非常相似。这项研究的结果加深了人们对太阳能电池阻抗的理解，具有广泛的适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Interpretation of the degradation and trends in the performance of heterojunction silicon solar cells at low temperature 解读异质结硅太阳能电池在低温条件下的性能退化和发展趋势

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113214

Moustafa Y. Ghannam , Jef Poortmans

A compact model that combines numerical simulations using AFORS-HET and accurate equivalent circuit modelling is proposed and used to interpret the origins of the degradation and anomality's in the performance of the a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction solar cells and its parameters at low temperature. The interpretations are applied to several trends reported on real cells. It is shown that as T decreases the a-Si:H(i) layer is depleted gradually from holes and that the cell operation fails once the layer is totally depleted and becoming intrinsic. The failure is caused by a substantial and sharp increase in the cell series resistance causing the collapse of the fill factor and of the cell current. It is found that at low temperature the open circuit voltage is significantly affected and its temperature dependence strongly distorted by hole depletion in the a-Si:H(i) spacer especially when the TCO work function is not appropriate. It is aslo shown that the S-shape in the cell I-V characteristics under illumination is closely linked to the TCO barrier reverse saturation current which explains its higher probability of appearnce at low temperature. Finally, it is concluded that the HJT cell would perform optimally down to the low 200 K range when the a-Si:H(p) is heavily doped and the front contact is ideally ohmic. Failing to satisfy such conditions the temperature range in which the HJT cell is useful is very limited.

我们提出了一个结合 AFORS-HET 数值模拟和精确等效电路建模的紧凑模型，用于解释 a-Si:H/c-Si 异质结太阳能电池及其参数在低温下性能下降和异常的原因。这些解释适用于实际电池的几种趋势。结果表明，随着温度的降低，a-Si:H(i) 层中的空穴逐渐耗尽，一旦该层完全耗尽并成为本征层，电池就会失效。电池失效的原因是电池串联电阻大幅急剧增加，导致填充因子和电池电流崩溃。研究发现，在低温条件下，a-Si:H(i) 间隔层中的空穴耗竭会显著影响开路电压，并严重扭曲其温度依赖性，尤其是在 TCO 功函数不合适的情况下。此外，研究还表明，光照下电池 I-V 特性中的 S 形与 TCO 势垒反向饱和电流密切相关，这也是其在低温下出现概率较高的原因。最后，得出的结论是，当 a-Si：H(p) 被大量掺杂且前触点为理想欧姆时，HJT 电池在低至 200 K 的范围内性能最佳。如果不满足这些条件，HJT 电池的适用温度范围就非常有限。

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引用次数: 0

Two-step nested optical-electrical Monte-Carlo approach to analyze the influence of tolerances on Micro-CPV module performance 分析公差对微型光电池模块性能影响的两步嵌套光电蒙特卡洛方法

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113257

Elisa Kaiser , Maike Wiesenfarth , Peter Schöttl , Marc Steiner , Stefan W. Glunz , Henning Helmers

In manufacturing and product optimization, understanding the influence of tolerances, which are inevitable variations in production processes, is crucial for enhancing performance while managing costs. However, previous analytical approaches lacked the capability to quantitatively assess the cumulative effect of multiple tolerances due to their random combination and statistical independence. In this work, we introduce a novel method that overcomes these limitations by effectively modeling complex dependencies among tolerances through a two-step nested Monte-Carlo approach. We apply this model to a micro-CPV module developed at Fraunhofer ISE. First, we randomly select and combine tolerances in a cell-lens unit using ray tracing. Then, we randomly select and combine these units in a full 690-cell module using an electrical network model considering different angles of incidence. The considered tolerances include deviations in component geometries and displacements and are based on measurements. The model predicts the acceptance angle and allows to identify the optimal interconnection schemes. Further, it is capable to determine the maximum tolerances permissible for maintaining a certain module power. While tolerances lead to a distribution in current generation among the cell-lens units, we find that parallel interconnections can compensate for such variations. Further, we identify that the positions of secondary lens and micro solar cell are the most sensitive parameters for achieving high module power. These findings are crucial for refining module design cost-effectively. Moreover, the model facilitates a quantitative assessment of optimization potentials, guiding decision-making in product development and manufacturing, and a techno-economic optimization.

公差是生产过程中不可避免的变化，在制造和产品优化过程中，了解公差的影响对于在管理成本的同时提高性能至关重要。然而，由于多种公差的随机组合和统计独立性，以往的分析方法缺乏定量评估多种公差累积效应的能力。在这项工作中，我们引入了一种新方法，通过两步嵌套蒙特卡洛方法对公差之间的复杂依赖关系进行有效建模，从而克服了这些局限性。我们将这一模型应用于 Fraunhofer ISE 开发的微型 CPV 模块。首先，我们使用光线追踪技术随机选择并组合单元透镜单元中的公差。然后，我们使用一个考虑到不同入射角度的电网络模型，在一个完整的 690 单元模块中随机选择和组合这些单元。所考虑的公差包括组件几何形状和位移的偏差，并以测量结果为基础。该模型可预测入射角度，并确定最佳互连方案。此外，它还能确定保持一定模块功率所允许的最大公差。虽然公差会导致电池透镜单元之间的电流产生分布，但我们发现并行互连可以补偿这种变化。此外，我们还发现，二次透镜和微型太阳能电池的位置是实现模块高功率的最敏感参数。这些发现对于经济高效地改进模块设计至关重要。此外，该模型还有助于对优化潜力进行定量评估，为产品开发和制造决策以及技术经济优化提供指导。

{"title":"Two-step nested optical-electrical Monte-Carlo approach to analyze the influence of tolerances on Micro-CPV module performance","authors":"Elisa Kaiser , Maike Wiesenfarth , Peter Schöttl , Marc Steiner , Stefan W. Glunz , Henning Helmers","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In manufacturing and product optimization, understanding the influence of tolerances, which are inevitable variations in production processes, is crucial for enhancing performance while managing costs. However, previous analytical approaches lacked the capability to quantitatively assess the cumulative effect of multiple tolerances due to their random combination and statistical independence. In this work, we introduce a novel method that overcomes these limitations by effectively modeling complex dependencies among tolerances through a two-step nested Monte-Carlo approach. We apply this model to a micro-CPV module developed at Fraunhofer ISE. First, we randomly select and combine tolerances in a cell-lens unit using ray tracing. Then, we randomly select and combine these units in a full 690-cell module using an electrical network model considering different angles of incidence. The considered tolerances include deviations in component geometries and displacements and are based on measurements. The model predicts the acceptance angle and allows to identify the optimal interconnection schemes. Further, it is capable to determine the maximum tolerances permissible for maintaining a certain module power. While tolerances lead to a distribution in current generation among the cell-lens units, we find that parallel interconnections can compensate for such variations. Further, we identify that the positions of secondary lens and micro solar cell are the most sensitive parameters for achieving high module power. These findings are crucial for refining module design cost-effectively. Moreover, the model facilitates a quantitative assessment of optimization potentials, guiding decision-making in product development and manufacturing, and a techno-economic optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 113257"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing efficiency of dense array CPV receivers with controlled DC-DC converters and adaptive microfluidic cooling under non-uniform solar irradiance 利用可控 DC-DC 转换器和自适应微流体冷却技术提高非均匀太阳辐照条件下密集阵列 CPV 接收器的效率

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113262

Desideri Regany , Francesc Majós Palau , Alicia Crespo , Jérôme Barrau , Montse Vilarrubí , Joan Rosell-Urrutia

Concentrating solar technologies offer substantial potential for optimizing solar energy for heat and power generation, particularly in green hydrogen production. This study investigates the use of commercial high efficiency concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) cells in a central tower concentrating solar system to enhance energy conversion efficiency. By integrating DC-DC converters with self-adaptive microfluidic cooling systems, we address current mismatches and temperature variations that affect CPV performance. The novel receiver design ensures scalability for large-scale implementations by implementing the electrical connections between DC-DC converters and each CPV cell without creating shaded areas. We numerically model and simulate the thermodynamic and electrical characteristics of a dense array CPV receiver, evaluating six illumination profiles. Our results indicate a significant improvement in receiver efficiency compared to the traditional configuration with bypass diodes, demonstrating an increase from 23.4 % to 30.3 % under a central Gaussian illumination profile, and reaching up to 38 % relative efficiency improvement depending on the applied profile. Power transfer losses decrease from 26 % to 10 % when 200 kW/m² of illumination non-uniformity occurs. The proposed solution enhances reliability and energy conversion efficiency, presenting a viable path forward for large-scale CPV applications.

聚光太阳能技术为优化太阳能供热和发电提供了巨大潜力，尤其是在绿色制氢方面。本研究探讨了在中央塔式聚光太阳能系统中使用商用高效聚光光伏（CPV）电池来提高能量转换效率的问题。通过将 DC-DC 转换器与自适应微流体冷却系统集成，我们解决了影响 CPV 性能的电流失配和温度变化问题。新颖的接收器设计通过实现 DC-DC 转换器与每个 CPV 电池之间的电气连接，确保了大规模实施的可扩展性，而不会产生阴影区域。我们对密集阵列 CPV 接收器的热力学和电气特性进行了数值建模和模拟，并对六种光照情况进行了评估。我们的研究结果表明，与传统的旁路二极管配置相比，接收器的效率有了显著提高，在中央高斯光照曲线下，接收器的效率从 23.4% 提高到 30.3%，根据应用的光照曲线，相对效率提高可达 38%。当光照不均匀度为 200 kW/m2 时，功率传输损耗从 26% 降至 10%。所提出的解决方案提高了可靠性和能量转换效率，为大规模 CPV 应用提供了一条可行之路。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of manufacturing tolerances on Micro-CPV assemblies: A quantitative approach based on statistical modeling 制造公差对微型光伏组件的影响：基于统计建模的定量方法

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113256

Elisa Kaiser , Maike Wiesenfarth , Peter Schöttl , Marc Steiner , Stefan W. Glunz , Henning Helmers

In micro-concentrator photovoltaics (micro-CPV) minimized components as cells (<1 × 1 mm²) and lenses are used, promising significant cost reductions through parallel manufacturing and reduced material volumes. However, tolerances, such as deviations from nominal size, geometry or position, impact module performance, especially for non-ideal alignment towards the sun. To study the interplay of different, independent tolerances and their effects on current generation, a comprehensive parameter study is practically not feasible, because of the vast number of possible combinations. In this work, we introduce a novel method for assessing tolerances by employing a Monte-Carlo approach to randomly select and combine tolerances in a cell-lens unit. It allows to identify relevant tolerances and quantitatively assess their influence on module performance, namely optical efficiency, and photocurrent as function of angle of incidence and, thus, acceptance angle. We apply the model to a micro-CPV module developed at Fraunhofer ISE and use tolerance distributions based on measurements. We find that the most crucial parameter is the position of the secondary optical element. Given the measured tolerance distributions, the acceptance angles for 90 % of the cases are above 0.5° for 10 % current loss. The developed approach is a crucial tool for identifying and assessing critical tolerances within a manufacturing line, facilitating techno-economic optimization of design and manufacturing processes.

在微型聚光光伏（Micro-CPV）中，电池（1 × 1 平方毫米）和透镜等组件的尺寸最小，通过并行制造和减少材料用量，有望显著降低成本。然而，公差（如与标称尺寸、几何形状或位置的偏差）会影响模块性能，尤其是在朝向太阳的非理想排列情况下。要研究不同的独立公差之间的相互作用及其对电流产生的影响，进行全面的参数研究实际上是不可行的，因为可能的组合非常多。在这项工作中，我们引入了一种评估容差的新方法，采用蒙特卡洛方法随机选择和组合电池-透镜单元中的容差。这种方法可以确定相关的公差，并定量评估它们对模块性能的影响，即光学效率和光电流与入射角的函数关系，以及与接受角的函数关系。我们将该模型应用于 Fraunhofer ISE 开发的微型 CPV 模块，并使用基于测量的公差分布。我们发现最关键的参数是二次光学元件的位置。根据测量的公差分布，在电流损耗为 10% 的情况下，90% 情况下的接受角都在 0.5° 以上。所开发的方法是识别和评估生产线关键公差的重要工具，有助于优化设计和制造流程的技术经济性。

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引用次数: 0

In situ high-temperature emissivity measurements of heat-treated, silicon coated stainless steel for solar thermal applications 热处理硅涂层不锈钢的原位高温发射率测量，用于太阳能热应用

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113264

V. Amrutha , Atasi Dan , Jon Gabirondo-Lopez , Telmo Echaniz , Raquel Fuente , Harish C. Barshilia , Gabriel A. Lopez

Understanding thermal emissivity at high temperatures is crucial for developing efficient materials for solar thermal applications. We present a new approach for creating an efficient material for solar absorber by developing a nano structured surface on stainless steel substrate through Si deposition and annealing. We prepare five samples by annealing them at five temperatures between 700 °C and 1100 °C. Afterwards, we perform a systematic study of the spectral emissivity at elevated temperatures, focusing on different parameters: angle dependence, wavelength dependence, and temperature dependence. The spectral directional emissivity experiments performed in the mid-infrared range reveal a dielectric behavior of the samples in the short wavelength region (λ < 6 μm) and metallic behavior in the long wavelength region (λ > 12 μm). The results indicate an increase in hemispherical and total normal emissivity with measurement temperature (from 200 °C to 700 °C), influenced by oxide/silicide formation due to interdiffusion, and by surface roughness. Notably, samples annealed at 900 °C and 1000 °C demonstrate enhanced thermal stability at 700 °C, showcasing promising characteristics for high-temperature applications. Consequently, this study presents a viable method for developing cost-effective silicon-based solar absorber coatings on stainless steel with tailored properties for solar thermal applications along with its real time high temperature emissivity details.

了解高温下的热发射率对于开发高效的太阳能热应用材料至关重要。我们提出了一种新方法，通过硅沉积和退火在不锈钢基底上形成纳米结构表面，从而制造出高效的太阳能吸收器材料。我们通过在 700 °C 至 1100 °C 之间的五个温度下退火制备了五个样品。随后，我们对高温下的光谱发射率进行了系统研究，重点关注不同的参数：角度依赖性、波长依赖性和温度依赖性。在中红外范围内进行的光谱定向发射率实验显示，样品在短波长区域（λ < 6 μm）具有介电特性，而在长波长区域（λ > 12 μm）具有金属特性。结果表明，随着测量温度的升高（从 200 °C 到 700 °C），半球发射率和总法线发射率也随之升高，这是受相互扩散形成的氧化物/硅化物以及表面粗糙度的影响。值得注意的是，在 900 ℃ 和 1000 ℃ 下退火的样品在 700 ℃ 下的热稳定性得到了增强，为高温应用展示了良好的特性。因此，本研究提出了一种可行的方法，用于在不锈钢上开发具有太阳能热应用定制特性的经济高效的硅基太阳能吸收涂层，并提供了其实时高温发射率详情。

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引用次数: 0

Interface-enhanced germanium selenide solar cells comprising an ultrathin and uniform antimony selenide buffer layer via hydrothermal approach 通过水热法获得包含超薄均匀硒化锑缓冲层的界面增强型硒化锗太阳能电池

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113260

Jing Zhou , Shengwen Yang , Li Gao , Zhenming Qu , Yu Cao , Xiaoming Yu , Xuan Yu , Jian Ni , Jianjun Zhang

Germanium selenide (GeSe) is a promising thin film photovoltaic absorber material owing to its excellent optoelectronic properties, high stability, and low toxicity. Interface engineering by introducing an ultrathin antimony selenide (Sb₂Se₃) buffer layer between the CdS electron transport layer and GeSe absorber layer is an effective technique for enhancing solar cell performance. However, the key to this technique is the fabrication of a uniform and smooth Sb₂Se₃ buffer layer with minimal thickness. In this study, instead of the conventional closed-space sublimation method, a hydrothermal method was employed to slowly grow an Sb₂Se₃ buffer layer with a thickness of approximately 8 nm. The Se/Na₂SO₃ molar ratio in the selenium source during the hydrothermal synthesis was adjusted; a molar ratio of 1:2 led to an uneven Sb₂Se₃ buffer layer thickness, whereas a molar ratio of 1:10 resulted in the formation of Sb₂O₃ particles on the buffer layer surface. When the Se/Na₂SO₃ molar ratio was 1:6, a smooth, uniform, dense, and impurity-free Sb₂Se₃ buffer layer was obtained, achieving the highest efficiency of 3.33 % in a GeSe solar cell. Moreover, GeSe solar cells with hydrothermally grown Sb₂Se₃ buffer layers demonstrated superior device interface properties and efficiency comparable with those using Sb₂Se₃ buffer layers deposited via closed-space sublimation. This technique offers an effective method for steadily improving the performance of GeSe solar cells.

硒化锗（GeSe）具有优异的光电特性、高稳定性和低毒性，是一种前景广阔的薄膜光伏吸收材料。在硒化镉电子传输层和硒化锗吸收层之间引入超薄硒化锑（Sb2Se3）缓冲层的界面工程是提高太阳能电池性能的有效技术。然而，该技术的关键在于制造厚度最小、均匀光滑的 Sb2Se3 缓冲层。在本研究中，我们没有采用传统的封闭空间升华法，而是采用水热法缓慢生长出厚度约为 8 纳米的 Sb2Se3 缓冲层。在水热合成过程中，可以调整硒源中的 Se/Na2SO3 摩尔比；摩尔比为 1:2 时，Sb2Se3 缓冲层厚度不均匀，而摩尔比为 1:10 时，缓冲层表面会形成 Sb2O3 颗粒。当 Se/Na2SO3 摩尔比为 1:6 时，获得了光滑、均匀、致密且无杂质的 Sb2Se3 缓冲层，在 GeSe 太阳能电池中实现了 3.33% 的最高效率。此外，使用水热法生长的 Sb2Se3 缓冲层的 GeSe 太阳能电池显示出卓越的器件界面特性，其效率可与使用闭空间升华法沉积的 Sb2Se3 缓冲层的太阳能电池相媲美。该技术为稳步提高 GeSe 太阳能电池的性能提供了一种有效方法。

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引用次数: 0

Thermally driven memory flexible phase change hydrogel for solar energy efficient building thermal management 用于太阳能高效建筑热管理的热驱动记忆柔性相变水凝胶

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113248

Yujiao Guo , Xiangrui Guo , Xue Yin , Xiangdong Zhang , Shuwen Hu , Yumeng Zhang , Huizhi Yang

Sodium sulfate decahydrate (SSD), as a typical inorganic phase change material (PCM), can be used to improve solar energy utilization efficiency and thermal management. However, its inherent problems of leakage, phase separation and strong rigidity severely limit its practical application. In this work, a phase change hydrogel with shape remembering behavior and high photothermal conversion capability was designed using konjac glucan and acrylamide copolymer as supporting material, SSD as PCM, and hydrothermal carbon (HTC) as photothermal converter and thermal conductive filler. In view of the hydrogel hydrophilic cross-linked 3D network, good compatibility with SSD, can effectively solve the problem of SSD high temperature leakage, SSD packaging efficiency up to 90.4 wt%. At the same time, HTC forms a continuous and effective photothermal conversion and thermal conductivity path with the help of the 3D network of hydrogel, and the phase change hydrogel shows excellent photothermal conversion performance and thermal conductivity (0.89–1.11 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹). In addition, the phase change hydrogels exhibited excellent thermally driven shape memory behavior (385 s) and mechanical strength up to 0.67 MPa. This provides a new feasible way to construct green buildings instead of air conditioning for winter insulation.

十水硫酸钠（SSD）作为一种典型的无机相变材料（PCM），可用于提高太阳能利用效率和热管理。然而，其固有的泄漏、相分离和刚性强等问题严重限制了它的实际应用。本研究以魔芋葡聚糖和丙烯酰胺共聚物为支撑材料，SSD 为 PCM，水热碳（HTC）为光热转换器和导热填料，设计了一种具有形状记忆行为和高光热转换能力的相变水凝胶。鉴于水凝胶亲水性交联三维网络，与 SSD 的相容性好，可有效解决 SSD 高温泄漏问题，SSD 封装效率高达 90.4 wt%。同时，HTC 借助水凝胶的三维网络形成了连续有效的光热转换和导热路径，相变水凝胶表现出优异的光热转换性能和导热性能（0.89-1.11 W m-1 K-1）。此外，相变水凝胶还表现出优异的热驱动形状记忆行为（385 秒）和高达 0.67 兆帕的机械强度。这为建造绿色建筑提供了一种新的可行方法，可代替空调进行冬季保温。

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