Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells最新文献_第4页

Accelerating perovskite solar cell performance prediction with machine learning on existing experimental data 基于现有实验数据的机器学习加速钙钛矿太阳能电池性能预测

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2026.114215

Subham Subba, Suman Chatterjee

Herein, we proposed a machine learning (ML) framework for determining four photovoltaic parameters: open-circuit voltage (

V_{oc}

), short-circuit current density (

J_{sc}

), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE) in perovskite solar cells. Initially, a dataset of 503 experimental entries was manually compiled from different peer-reviewed literatures, and physically meaningful descriptors like perovskite composition, energy levels of the various layers, band offsets, charge mobilities, and the architecture type were used as inputs for the ML models. The four ensemble learning algorithms — Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Extreme Gradient Boosting, and CatBoost — were then trained and analyzed with 5-fold cross-validation and the reserved test sets. CatBoost showed the highest accuracy for PCE prediction (RMSE = 1.09%,

r = 0.964

), while Random Forest performs best for

V_{oc}

,

J_{sc}

, and FF, achieving RMSE as low as 0.033 V, 1.013 mA/cm

^{2}

, and 0.031, respectively. SHAP-based interpretability analysis revealed that intrinsic features of perovskite, charge mobilities, and interfacial band alignment are essential to the device performance. Furthermore, SHAP feature dependency plots were also used to study how the individual features are associated with the target’s prediction. Finally, an additional evaluation based on 12 independent samples not part of training or test sets confirmed model robustness with predictions in close agreement with reported experimental results. These results indicate that, in addition to sound predictions, the ML models can also observe complex microscale features and correlate them with macroscale device operation that can guide future experimentation for better results.

在此，我们提出了一个机器学习（ML）框架，用于确定钙钛矿太阳能电池中的四个光伏参数：开路电压（Voc）、短路电流密度（Jsc）、填充因子（FF）和功率转换效率（PCE）。最初，从不同的同行评审文献中手动编译了503个实验条目的数据集，并使用钙钛矿成分、各层能级、带偏移、电荷迁移率和架构类型等物理上有意义的描述符作为ML模型的输入。然后使用5倍交叉验证和保留的测试集对四种集成学习算法（随机森林、梯度增强、极端梯度增强和CatBoost）进行训练和分析。CatBoost对PCE的预测准确率最高（RMSE = 1.09%, r=0.964），而Random Forest对Voc、Jsc和FF的预测准确率最高，RMSE分别低至0.033 V、1.013 mA/cm2和0.031。基于shap的可解释性分析表明，钙钛矿的内在特征、电荷迁移率和界面带对齐对器件性能至关重要。此外，还使用SHAP特征依赖图来研究个体特征如何与目标预测相关联。最后，基于12个不属于训练或测试集的独立样本的额外评估证实了模型的稳健性，其预测与报告的实验结果密切一致。这些结果表明，除了可靠的预测外，机器学习模型还可以观察到复杂的微观特征，并将其与宏观设备操作相关联，从而指导未来的实验以获得更好的结果。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanism insights into laser-enhanced-contact-optimization process in crystalline silicon solar cells via photo-electric-thermal coupled simulations 基于光电-热耦合模拟的晶体硅太阳能电池激光增强接触优化过程机理研究

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2026.114177

Qianhong Gao , Zhenhai Yang , Yuqi Zhang , Yu Liang , Yining Bao , Chenhui Zhang , Xiaofeng Li , Yaohui Zhan

Tunnel oxide passivating contact (TOPCon) solar cells have demonstrated significant commercial potential, but further efficiency improvements are constrained by challenges in optimizing contact formation between metal electrodes and boron emitters. Laser Enhanced Contact Optimization (LECO) technology has emerged as a promising solution by enabling contact formation at lower sintering temperatures, although its underlying mechanisms remain inadequately understood. Here, we present a comprehensive photo-electric-thermal coupled simulation study to investigate the complex interplay of electrical, optical, and thermal behaviors during the LECO treatment. Our results demonstrate that extremely high current densities are formed in the contact region, and the reverse bias is the primary factor governing the contact current density, whereas the effects of laser power and spot size are comparatively minor. Moreover, Joule heating, as the decisive factor in raising the local temperature at the Ag-Si interface to the Ag-Si eutectic temperature, contributes nearly 100 % of the required heating. Specifically, reverse bias controls Joule heating and the resulting contact temperature by regulating the current; laser power primarily affects recombination and thermalization heat, thereby exerting a smaller influence on contact temperature; and spot size, by affecting current density and Peltier heating, plays a secondary role in determining the contact temperature.

隧道氧化物钝化接触（TOPCon）太阳能电池已经显示出巨大的商业潜力，但进一步的效率提高受到优化金属电极和硼发射器之间接触形成的挑战的限制。激光增强接触优化（LECO）技术已经成为一种很有前途的解决方案，可以在较低的烧结温度下形成接触，尽管其潜在的机制仍未得到充分的了解。在这里，我们提出了一项全面的光电-热耦合模拟研究，以研究LECO处理过程中电，光学和热行为的复杂相互作用。结果表明，在接触区域形成了极高的电流密度，反向偏置是控制接触电流密度的主要因素，而激光功率和光斑尺寸的影响相对较小。此外，焦耳加热作为将Ag-Si界面局部温度提高到Ag-Si共晶温度的决定性因素，贡献了几乎100%的所需加热。具体来说，反向偏置通过调节电流来控制焦耳加热和由此产生的接触温度；激光功率主要影响复合和热化热，因此对接触温度的影响较小；光斑尺寸通过影响电流密度和珀尔帖加热，在决定接触温度方面起次要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Unravelling the impact of molten carbonate corrosion at 700 °C and induced microstructural changes on the mechanical resistance of 347H austenitic steel 研究了700℃碳酸盐熔蚀及诱导的组织变化对347H奥氏体钢力学性能的影响

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2026.114168

Loïc Oger, Alina Agüero, Pauline Audigié

The present study examines the influence of Li-Na-K molten carbonate corrosion at 700 °C for up to 1000 h on the microstructural evolution and mechanical behaviour of 347H Nb-stabilized austenitic stainless steel, a candidate material for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) systems coupled with Thermal Energy Storage (TES). Corrosion exposure led to the formation of a ∼130 μm-thick oxide scale, composed of a poorly adherent outer LiMnO₂/LiFeO₂ layer and a complex multi-phased internal oxidation zone (IOZ). During the corrosion process under laboratory air conditions, extensive carburization was observed. This is consistent with carbon species generated by molten carbonate decomposition, subsequently reduced at the alloy surface and preferentially reacting with Cr-rich phases. Qualitative EDX line scans revealed carbon penetration depths of up to ∼300 μm, consistent with the spatial distribution of Cr-rich carbides and with pronounced hardness gradients, decreasing from the IOZ toward the specimen core. Complementary thermal ageing experiments conducted at 700 °C in N₂ for 1000 h confirmed that these microstructural changes could not be attributed to thermal exposure alone, but were driven by carbonate-induced carbon ingress. Tensile testing revealed severe degradation of mechanical properties after corrosion exposure, with crack initiation predominantly occurring in the brittle oxide scale and propagation through carburized regions exhibiting reduced toughness and localized strain leading to brittle fracture. In contrast, thermally aged specimens showed only limited mechanical degradation. This integrated corrosion–mechanical approach provides a framework for assessing synergistic chemical and mechanical degradation in molten salt environments and should be considered for CSP-TES design.

本研究考察了Li-Na-K熔融碳酸盐在700°C下长达1000小时的腐蚀对347H nb稳定奥氏体不锈钢的显微组织演变和力学行为的影响，该不锈钢是与热储能（TES）相结合的聚光太阳能（CSP）系统的候选材料。腐蚀暴露导致形成约130 μm厚的氧化层，由附着较差的外LiMnO2/LiFeO2层和复杂的多相内氧化区（IOZ）组成。在实验室空气条件下的腐蚀过程中，观察到广泛的渗碳现象。这与熔融碳酸盐分解产生的碳相一致，随后在合金表面被还原，并优先与富cr相反应。定性EDX线扫描显示碳渗透深度可达~ 300 μm，与富cr碳化物的空间分布一致，硬度梯度明显，从IOZ向样品岩心递减。在700°C N2中进行的1000 h的补充热老化实验证实，这些微观结构的变化不能单独归因于热暴露，而是由碳酸盐诱导的碳进入驱动的。拉伸测试显示，腐蚀后的力学性能严重退化，裂纹主要发生在脆性氧化层，并通过渗碳区域扩展，韧性降低，局部应变导致脆性断裂。相比之下，热老化试样仅表现出有限的力学退化。这种综合腐蚀-机械方法为评估熔盐环境中化学和机械降解的协同作用提供了一个框架，应该在CSP-TES设计中加以考虑。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the efficiency potential of simplified-structure CIGSe solar cells: Band alignment optimization and recombination analysis 揭示简化结构CIGSe太阳能电池的效率潜力：波段对准优化和重组分析

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2026.114175

Mengyao Jia , Daming Zhuang , Ming Zhao , Qianming Gong , Hao Tong , Junsu Han , Shengye Tao , Hanpeng Wang , Zhihao Wu , Jihui Zhou

Completely buffer-free CIGSe solar cells feature a simplified device structure that enhances light absorption in the absorber and streamlines the fabrication process. In this study, such simplified-structure CIGSe devices based on Zn_1-xMg_xO:Al transparent electrodes were fabricated. The Zn_1-xMg_xO:Al films with varying Mg concentrations were prepared using a co-sputtering method. Experimental results demonstrate that Mg incorporation effectively tunes the energy band structure of Zn_1-xMg_xO:Al films as well as the band alignment at the Zn_1-xMg_xO:Al/CIGSe interface, leading to a significant improvement in device performance. Through the introduction of CdS layers with varying thicknesses, this study conducts a systematic analysis and comparative investigation of recombination mechanisms in devices with different p–n junction structures. The carrier recombination rates calculated from V_OC–(G,T) measurements indicate that the dominant recombination pathway strongly depends on the device structure. For unoptimized buffer-free cells, severe recombination occurs at the p–n junction interface, due to the band alignment mismatch. This issue was significantly mitigated by introducing a positive conduction band offset at the Zn_1-xMg_xO:Al/CIGSe interface through Mg doping. As a result, a completely buffer-free CIGSe solar cell fabricated by sputtering process achieved an efficiency of 11.3 %, and the average efficiency showed a 34 % increase, demonstrating the potential of simplified-structure CIGSe solar cells.

完全无缓冲的CIGSe太阳能电池具有简化的器件结构，可以增强吸收器中的光吸收并简化制造过程。本研究制作了基于Zn1-xMgxO:Al透明电极的简化结构CIGSe器件。采用共溅射法制备了不同Mg浓度的Zn1-xMgxO:Al薄膜。实验结果表明，Mg的掺入有效地调节了Zn1-xMgxO:Al薄膜的能带结构以及Zn1-xMgxO:Al/CIGSe界面处的能带对准，从而显著提高了器件性能。本研究通过引入不同厚度的CdS层，对不同pn结结构器件中的复合机理进行了系统的分析和比较研究。从VOC - （G，T）测量计算的载流子重组率表明，主要的重组途径强烈依赖于器件结构。对于未优化的无缓冲单元，由于带对准不匹配，在p-n结界面发生严重的重组。通过Mg掺杂，在Zn1-xMgxO:Al/CIGSe界面引入正导带偏移，显著缓解了这一问题。结果表明，采用溅射法制备的完全无缓冲的CIGSe太阳能电池的效率达到了11.3%，平均效率提高了34%，显示了结构简化的CIGSe太阳能电池的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Hybrid metal coatings on carbon fiber reinforced polymer substrates for high-efficiency solar reflectors 高效太阳能反射器用碳纤维增强聚合物基板杂化金属涂层

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2026.114176

R.P.S. Chakradhar, Shreeja gada , Meenu Srivastava, Harish C. Barshilia

This study presents the development and characterization of high-performance metallic coatings deposited onto carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) substrates for solar reflector applications. A dense tin (Sn) base layer was applied using cold spray deposition, offering strong mechanical anchoring and thermal compatibility with CFRP. Post-deposition polishing significantly reduced surface roughness, enhancing optical reflectance. To further improve performance, a thin silver (Ag) layer was deposited via DC magnetron sputtering, forming a hybrid bilayer structure. Comprehensive material characterization revealed uniform and adherent coatings with excellent morphological and compositional integrity. Reflectance measurements demonstrated a substantial increase from ∼55 % in the as-sprayed Sn coatings to ∼80 % after polishing, and up to 91–99 % in the Sn–Ag bilayer configuration in the UV–VIS–NIR region (400–2500 nm). Emissivity values concurrently dropped from ∼0.06 to as low as 0.03, indicating excellent thermal radiation suppression. An increase in the optical band gap (∼2.87 eV) due to partial oxidation further contributed to enhanced UV reflectance and environmental stability. The combination of cold-sprayed Sn and sputtered Ag delivers a lightweight, durable, and optically efficient coating system that surpasses conventional stainless steel and aluminum mirrors in performance. This work demonstrates a scalable, low-temperature route for producing advanced reflector coatings on thermally sensitive substrates like CFRP, offering substantial advantages for next-generation solar reflectors.

本研究介绍了用于太阳反射器的高性能金属涂层沉积在碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）基板上的发展和表征。采用冷喷涂沉积方法制备致密锡（Sn）基材，具有较强的机械锚固性和与CFRP的热相容性。沉积后抛光显著降低了表面粗糙度，增强了光学反射率。为了进一步提高性能，通过直流磁控溅射沉积薄银（Ag）层，形成混合双层结构。综合材料表征表明，涂层具有优异的形态和成分完整性，具有均匀和粘附性。反射率测量表明，在抛光后，Sn涂层的反射率从喷涂时的~ 55%大幅增加到抛光后的~ 80%，在UV-VIS-NIR区域（400-2500 nm）， Sn - ag双层结构的反射率增加到91 - 99%。发射率同时从0.06降至0.03，表明热辐射抑制效果极佳。由于部分氧化，光学带隙（~ 2.87 eV）的增加进一步增强了紫外线反射率和环境稳定性。冷喷涂锡和溅射银的结合提供了一种重量轻、耐用、光学效率高的涂层系统，在性能上超过了传统的不锈钢和铝镜子。这项工作展示了一种可扩展的、低温的方法，可以在CFRP等热敏基板上生产先进的反射器涂层，为下一代太阳能反射器提供了实质性的优势。

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引用次数: 0

Localized gallium doping assisted by ultraviolet laser and silicon paste in selective emitter for high-efficiency TOPCon solar cells 紫外激光辅助下局部镓掺杂和硅浆料在选择性发射极中的应用

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2026.114192

Ziye Chen , Long Yan , Dacheng Hao , Hai Zhou , Shuangyu Liu , Zhirong Yao , Rulong Chen , Yang Yang , Feng Qian , Honglie Shen , Juan Hong

The selective emitter (SE) structure formed by localized boron (B) doping is crucial for reducing the contact resistance and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE). However, the heavy B doping layer in silicon (Si) also has some problems such as light-induced degradation (LID) and doping attenuation in contact layer. Instead, this study presents a novel gallium (Ga)-doped SE structure prepared via Ga-doped Si paste and ultraviolet (UV) laser. According to the simulation by Materials Studio, the bonding force between Ga-oxygen (O) bonds is obviously weaker than that between B-O bonds, which reveals the reason why Ga instead of B can solve the problem of LID. Ga-doped Si paste is used as the doping source, and the diffusion effects of Ga atoms assisted by UV laser and green laser are compared. As assisted by UV laser, the maximum doping concentration of Ga atoms can reach 3.31 × 10¹⁹ cm⁻³, and the highest junction depth is nearly 0.7 μm. At the same time, the problem of doping attenuation in contact layer is well solved. When combined with Ga-doped SE structure in the optimized tunneling oxide passivation contact (TOPCon) solar cells production line, the average PCE reaches up to 25.56 %, marking an improvement of 0.15 % over the standard cell production line. In this paper, the diffusion mechanism of Ga atoms in Si is well expounded, which is beneficial to enhancing the efficiency of TOPCon solar cells.

局域硼(B)掺杂形成的选择性发射极（SE）结构对于降低接触电阻和提高光电转换效率（PCE）至关重要。然而，硅（Si）中的重B掺杂层也存在光致降解（LID）和接触层掺杂衰减等问题。相反，本研究提出了一种新的镓（Ga）掺杂SE结构，通过掺镓硅浆料和紫外线（UV）激光制备。根据Materials Studio的模拟，Ga-氧(O)键之间的结合力明显弱于B-O键之间的结合力，这也揭示了为什么用Ga代替B可以解决LID的问题。以掺Ga的Si浆料为掺杂源，比较了紫外激光和绿色激光辅助下Ga原子的扩散效果。在紫外激光辅助下，Ga原子的最大掺杂浓度可达3.31 × 1019 cm−3，最高结深接近0.7 μm。同时很好地解决了接触层掺杂衰减的问题。在优化的隧道氧化物钝化接触（TOPCon）太阳能电池生产线中，与掺ga SE结构相结合，平均PCE达到25.56%，比标准电池生产线提高了0.15%。本文较好地阐述了Ga原子在Si中的扩散机理，有利于提高TOPCon太阳能电池的效率。

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引用次数: 0

One-year ambient stability: Nanostructured mixed-dimensional perovskite solar cells with enhanced performance 一年环境稳定性：具有增强性能的纳米结构混合维钙钛矿太阳能电池

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2026.114173

Parisa Zardari , Ali Rostami

Although three-dimensional (3D) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) demonstrate high power conversion efficiency (PCE), their instability under humidity, oxygen, and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation limits their practical applications. Lower-dimensional perovskites are much more stable under environmental stresses but are invariably poor photovoltaic performers. To simultaneously enhance both PCE and stability, we engineered mixed-dimensional (MD) PSCs by incorporating p-phenylenediaminium (PDA) into a (FAPbI₃)_0.85(MAPbBr₃)_0.15 3D perovskite matrix. The nanostructured MD perovskite films were fabricated via a sequential deposition method under ambient conditions, enabling controlled dimensionality through optimized dipping duration. The MD30 devices, processed with a 30-s dipping duration, achieved a remarkable PCE of 20.28 %, attributed to optimized crystal orientation, improved surface morphology, enhanced charge transport, and suppressed carrier recombination. Notably, the MD30 devices exhibited exceptional stability under harsh environmental conditions. When exposed to 85 % relative humidity (RH) for 300 h, unsealed devices retained 92.4 % of their initial PCE. Similarly, after 300 h of thermal aging at 85 °C, the PCE remained at 96.4 % of its original value. Furthermore, the devices maintained 89.7 % of their initial efficiency after one year of storage under ambient conditions (RH ≈ 38 %, T ≈ 25 °C) without encapsulation. This work presents a strategic design approach for developing next-generation PSCs with high efficiency and long-term stability.

虽然三维（3D）钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）具有很高的功率转换效率（PCE），但它们在湿度、氧气和紫外线（UV）照射下的不稳定性限制了它们的实际应用。低维钙钛矿在环境压力下更稳定，但在光伏性能上总是很差。为了同时提高PCE和稳定性，我们将对苯二胺（PDA）掺入（FAPbI3）0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15三维钙钛矿基质中，设计了混合维（MD） PSCs。在环境条件下，采用顺序沉积方法制备了纳米结构的MD钙钛矿薄膜，通过优化浸渍时间来控制尺寸。在30秒浸镀时间下，MD30器件的PCE达到了20.28%，这主要归功于优化的晶体取向、改善的表面形貌、增强的电荷输运和抑制的载流子复合。值得注意的是，MD30设备在恶劣的环境条件下表现出优异的稳定性。当暴露在85%相对湿度（RH）下300小时时，未密封器件的PCE保持在初始值的92.4%，同样，在85°C下热老化300小时后，PCE保持在初始值的96.4%。此外，在没有封装的环境条件下（RH≈38%,T≈25°C）储存一年后，器件保持了89.7%的初始效率。这项工作提出了一种开发下一代高效、长期稳定的psc的战略设计方法。

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引用次数: 0

Strain monitoring within photovoltaic laminates: A fibre Bragg grating sensor proof-of-concept and comparison with digital image correlation 光伏层压板中的应变监测：光纤布拉格光栅传感器的概念验证和与数字图像相关的比较

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2026.114203

Marta Casasola , Nikolina Pervan , Tine Engelen , Nikoleta Kyranaki , Jonathan Govaerts , Gernot Oreski , Jef Poortmans , Michaël Daenen

Temperature variation is a fundamental environmental factor that affects the long-term reliability of photovoltaic (PV) modules, giving rise to thermo-mechanical stresses within a PV module. These stresses are created by the mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the different materials that form the laminate. In this work, we present an optimised procedure to integrate optical fibre Bragg grating sensors (FBG) within the PV laminate and a temperature-compensated analysis of the detected strain on the Si cell for small glass-glass PV laminates subjected to thermal loads. At the same time, digital image correlation (DIC) is used as alternative technique for comparison of the measured strain and to study the influence on the mechanical behaviour of integrating optical fibres within the laminate. The results indicate the potential of FBG sensors for strain measurements and the negligible effect on the mechanical behaviour of their integration. This proof of concept provides a method to quantify the strain within the module during manufacturing processes, accelerated testing or in-field monitoring, which can be advantageous for improving the reliability of the PV modules.

温度变化是影响光伏组件长期可靠性的一个基本环境因素，会在光伏组件内部产生热机械应力。这些应力是由形成层压板的不同材料的热膨胀系数（CTE）的不匹配造成的。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种优化的方法，将光纤布拉格光栅传感器（FBG）集成到PV层压板中，并对受热负荷影响的小型玻璃-玻璃PV层压板的Si电池上检测到的应变进行了温度补偿分析。同时，采用数字图像相关（DIC）作为替代技术，对测量应变进行比较，并研究了对层压板内集成光纤力学行为的影响。结果表明，光纤光栅传感器应变测量的潜力和可忽略不计的影响，其集成的机械行为。这一概念验证提供了一种在制造过程、加速测试或现场监测过程中量化模块内应变的方法，这有利于提高光伏模块的可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

Field performance and durability tests of perovskite solar cells loaded with fixed resistors 负载固定电阻器的钙钛矿太阳能电池的现场性能和耐久性试验

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2026.114210

Takeshi Tayagaki, Sayaka Hirooka, Kohei Yamamoto, Takurou N. Murakami, Masahiro Yoshita

Understanding the output characteristics of various devices under various field conditions is necessary. However, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms for devices with extremely slow responses are complicated, and the electronic response during MPPT differs with temperature and device freshness. Therefore, in the present study, the field performance of perovskite solar cells loaded with fixed resistors was monitored for one year. The daily efficiency, calculated by dividing the daily energy delivered to the solar cells by the diurnal irradiance energy incident on the device, exhibited seasonal variations. An analysis of the diurnal response indicated that the efficiency decreased over time at large irradiances (>0.6 kW/m²). In addition, the efficiency increased with increasing temperature, showing a positive coefficient of 0.1 %/°C, which aligned with the observed seasonal variation in the efficiency; the low daily efficiency in winter could be attributed to low device temperatures. Furthermore, temperature correction of the efficiency revealed efficiency loss patterns, such as an initial burn-like decay and degradation, which followed after a period of constant efficiency. These results underscore performance testing with a fixed resistive load as a simple approach for monitoring PSCs and for performing fair comparisons of device performances without the influence of complex MPPT algorithms.

了解各种设备在各种现场条件下的输出特性是必要的。然而，对于响应极慢的器件，最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）算法是复杂的，并且MPPT期间的电子响应随温度和器件新鲜度的不同而不同。因此，本研究对负载固定电阻器的钙钛矿太阳能电池进行了为期一年的现场性能监测。日效率是通过将输送到太阳能电池的日能量除以设备上入射的日辐照度能量来计算的，显示出季节变化。日响应分析表明，在大辐照度（>0.6 kW/m2）下，效率随着时间的推移而下降。此外，效率随温度的升高而增加，其正系数为0.1% /°C，这与观测到的效率的季节变化一致；冬季日效率较低的原因可能是设备温度较低。此外，效率的温度校正揭示了效率损失模式，例如初始的燃烧样衰减和降解，随后是一段时间的恒定效率。这些结果强调了使用固定电阻负载进行性能测试作为监测psc和在不受复杂MPPT算法影响的情况下对器件性能进行公平比较的简单方法。

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引用次数: 0

Improving the efficiency of silicon heterojunction solar cells by using an amorphous silicon oxygen alloyed buffer layer prior p-μc-Si:H deposition 在p-μc-Si:H沉积之前使用非晶硅氧合金缓冲层提高硅异质结太阳能电池的效率

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2026.114180

Bofei Liu , Baohai Yang , Wei Zhao , Yue Liu , Yuchao Song , Ziyuan Liu , Wanlei Chen , Zexu Dong , Danni Zhang , Ke Tao , Baojie Yan , Yisheng Li

The theoretical conversion efficiency (E_ff) limit of silicon solar cell is 29.4 %. Silicon heterojunction solar cell (HJT) with thin intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) layers has achieved the laboratory record of 27.08 %. To improve the E_ff further, we conducted an in-depth study on the p-type layer of HJT solar cells. Due to the low doping efficiency of boron in a-Si:H and the band offset that creates a barrier, improving hole transport using p-type hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) is crucial. By growing an amorphous silicon oxide buffer layer (a-SiOx:H) between the a-Si:H(i) and μc-Si:H(p) layers, the E_ff of HJT solar cells is increased by improving the open-circuit voltage (V_oc), short-circuit current density (J_sc), and fill factor (FF). We optimized the a-SiOx:H buffer layer to replace the conventional CO₂ plasma treatment (CO₂PT) at the i/p interface and seed layer, which together form the transition layer, resulting in an absolute E_ff improvement of at least 0.4 %. An E_ff of 25.75 % was achieved with the improved HJT cell structure on a 210 mm × 210 mm commercial half-cut crystalline silicon c-Si(n) substrate, with a V_oc of 748.3 mV, J_sc of 39.97 mA/cm², and FF of 86.09 %.

硅太阳能电池的理论转换效率（Eff）极限为29.4%。具有薄本构氢化非晶硅（a-Si:H）层的硅异质结太阳能电池（HJT）达到了27.08%的实验室记录。为了进一步提高Eff，我们对HJT太阳能电池的p型层进行了深入的研究。由于硼在a- si:H中的掺杂效率较低，并且会产生能带偏移，因此使用p型氢化微晶硅（μc-Si:H）改善空穴输运至关重要。通过在a-Si:H(i)和μc-Si:H(p)层之间生长非晶态氧化硅缓冲层（a-SiOx:H），通过提高开路电压（Voc）、短路电流密度（Jsc）和填充因子（FF）来提高HJT太阳能电池的Eff。我们优化了a-SiOx:H缓冲层，以取代传统的CO2等离子体处理（cop2pt）在i/p界面和种子层，它们共同形成过渡层，导致绝对Eff提高至少0.4%。在210 mm × 210 mm商用半切晶体硅c-Si(n)衬底上，改进的HJT电池结构获得了25.75%的Eff， Voc为748.3 mV， Jsc为39.97 mA/cm2， FF为86.09%。

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