Pub Date : 2025-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113587
Heya Na , Cancan Zhang , Yuting Wu , Guoqiang Wang , Guang Bao , Yuanwei Lu
Molten salt is used as an important heat transfer and storage medium in thermal energy storage application. Thermal stability as well as corrosion characteristic are important for system safe operation. In this paper, a low melting point ternary hybrid salt was prepared and subjected to 1000h of constant temperature experiments and 1000h of static corrosion experiments on 304 at a high temperature of 600 °C. The results show that the low melting point mixed salt has a melting point of 143.1 °C, an initial crystal point of 136.1 °C, a decomposition temperature of 666.8 °C, and an average specific heat and thermal conductivity of 1.45 J g−1k−1 and 0.34 W m−1K−1. After a constant temperature of 1000 h at 600 °C, the melting point and initial crystal point have increased by 38 % and 49 %, the decomposition temperature has decreased by 8 %, and the specific heat and thermal conductivity have increased by 0.7 % and 0.3 %, respectively, compared with the base salt. 0.3 %. The weight loss per unit volume after 1000h of static corrosion was 6.2 mg cm−2 and the annual corrosion rate was 0.068 mm y−1.
{"title":"Thermal stability and corrosion characteristic analysis of low melting point ternary molten salt for thermal energy storage","authors":"Heya Na , Cancan Zhang , Yuting Wu , Guoqiang Wang , Guang Bao , Yuanwei Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molten salt is used as an important heat transfer and storage medium in thermal energy storage application. Thermal stability as well as corrosion characteristic are important for system safe operation. In this paper, a low melting point ternary hybrid salt was prepared and subjected to 1000h of constant temperature experiments and 1000h of static corrosion experiments on 304 at a high temperature of 600 °C. The results show that the low melting point mixed salt has a melting point of 143.1 °C, an initial crystal point of 136.1 °C, a decomposition temperature of 666.8 °C, and an average specific heat and thermal conductivity of 1.45 J g<sup>−1</sup>k<sup>−1</sup> and 0.34 W m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup>. After a constant temperature of 1000 h at 600 °C, the melting point and initial crystal point have increased by 38 % and 49 %, the decomposition temperature has decreased by 8 %, and the specific heat and thermal conductivity have increased by 0.7 % and 0.3 %, respectively, compared with the base salt. 0.3 %. The weight loss per unit volume after 1000h of static corrosion was 6.2 mg cm<sup>−2</sup> and the annual corrosion rate was 0.068 mm y<sup>−1</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 113587"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113574
Tao Xu , Fuyu Qin , Jiaming Zhang , Zhidong Li , Shen Wei , Lingzhi Zhong , Yue Han , Ximin Lin , Junyi Wei , Yi Yang , Weitao Shao
With the improvement of modern living standards, the number of indoor and outdoor swimming pools has increased. However, the high energy consumption and heating costs in winter do not align with the requirements of green development. Therefore, in this study, a novel Composite Phase Change Material (CPCM) was developed to be integrated with a solar-air source heat pump swimming pool heating system. This system aims to provide longer heating durations and reduce temperature fluctuations, while also alleviating the pressure on national energy supply during peak energy consumption. Glycine (Gly) and potassium chloride (KCl) were combined with sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT) to prepare a shape-stabilized CPCM (SAT- Gly- KCl CPCM). It was integrated into a swimming pool heating system to justify the impact of the new material. Experimental results have demonstrated some major properties of this material, the melting point, latent heat value and supercooling degree were 40.3 °C, 274.4 J/g and 1.36 °C for the laboratory preparation, and 40.9 °C, 249.5 J/g and 1.42 °C for the large-scale preparation, respectively. The material also exhibited good stability and thermal reliability. When SAT-Gly-KCl CPCM was applied to a swimming pool heating system, it was found that 100 and 200 phase change thermal storage modules increased heating durations by 9.89 and 10.59 times, respectively, compared to the control group. Therefore, the SAT-Gly-KCl CPCM presents a promising solution for swimming pool heating systems. This study contributes to the further development and application of CPCMs in such systems, offering improved energy efficiency and stability.
{"title":"Development of CH3COONa·3H2O-Glycine-KCl composite phase change material for the swimming pool heating system","authors":"Tao Xu , Fuyu Qin , Jiaming Zhang , Zhidong Li , Shen Wei , Lingzhi Zhong , Yue Han , Ximin Lin , Junyi Wei , Yi Yang , Weitao Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the improvement of modern living standards, the number of indoor and outdoor swimming pools has increased. However, the high energy consumption and heating costs in winter do not align with the requirements of green development. Therefore, in this study, a novel Composite Phase Change Material (CPCM) was developed to be integrated with a solar-air source heat pump swimming pool heating system. This system aims to provide longer heating durations and reduce temperature fluctuations, while also alleviating the pressure on national energy supply during peak energy consumption. Glycine (Gly) and potassium chloride (KCl) were combined with sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT) to prepare a shape-stabilized CPCM (SAT- Gly- KCl CPCM). It was integrated into a swimming pool heating system to justify the impact of the new material. Experimental results have demonstrated some major properties of this material, the melting point, latent heat value and supercooling degree were 40.3 °C, 274.4 J/g and 1.36 °C for the laboratory preparation, and 40.9 °C, 249.5 J/g and 1.42 °C for the large-scale preparation, respectively. The material also exhibited good stability and thermal reliability. When SAT-Gly-KCl CPCM was applied to a swimming pool heating system, it was found that 100 and 200 phase change thermal storage modules increased heating durations by 9.89 and 10.59 times, respectively, compared to the control group. Therefore, the SAT-Gly-KCl CPCM presents a promising solution for swimming pool heating systems. This study contributes to the further development and application of CPCMs in such systems, offering improved energy efficiency and stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 113574"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113589
Ian Marius Peters
This study explores the concept of a photovoltaic Dyson sphere, a megastructure designed to capture and convert a star's energy for use in advanced technological applications. The temperature of a Dyson sphere composed of both blackbody and grey body materials is investigated. For efficient photovoltaic conversion, the semiconductor sphere must be coated with a black material to regulate temperature, ensuring it remains low enough for photovoltaic generation. The environmental impact on planetary conditions is also analyzed, revealing that only a Dyson sphere with an extension beyond Earth's orbit could allow life to persist on Earth while maintaining suitable temperatures for photovoltaic efficiency. Such a structure would still increase Earth’s temperature, necessitating planetary temperature control systems—an issue that parallels the challenges of mitigating global warming. Considering material availability in the solar system, it was found that a partial Dyson sphere at 2.13 AU, using 1.3 × 1023 kg of silicon, could generate 4 % of the Sun’s power, yielding 15.6 YW of electricity while increasing temperature on Earth by less than 3K.
{"title":"The photovoltaic Dyson sphere","authors":"Ian Marius Peters","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the concept of a photovoltaic Dyson sphere, a megastructure designed to capture and convert a star's energy for use in advanced technological applications. The temperature of a Dyson sphere composed of both blackbody and grey body materials is investigated. For efficient photovoltaic conversion, the semiconductor sphere must be coated with a black material to regulate temperature, ensuring it remains low enough for photovoltaic generation. The environmental impact on planetary conditions is also analyzed, revealing that only a Dyson sphere with an extension beyond Earth's orbit could allow life to persist on Earth while maintaining suitable temperatures for photovoltaic efficiency. Such a structure would still increase Earth’s temperature, necessitating planetary temperature control systems—an issue that parallels the challenges of mitigating global warming. Considering material availability in the solar system, it was found that a partial Dyson sphere at 2.13 AU, using 1.3 × 10<sup>23</sup> kg of silicon, could generate 4 % of the Sun’s power, yielding 15.6 YW of electricity while increasing temperature on Earth by less than 3K.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 113589"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113577
Cheng Jin , Wenshuo Zhang , Jiahao Ni , Lanxin Li , Yong Hao , Gang Pei , Bin Zhao
Daytime radiative cooling can achieve a sub-ambient phenomenon passively, holding great promise for energy-saving applications. Polymer coating based on the Mie scattering effect has been widely developed for efficient daytime radiative cooling due to its scalable potential. However, current studies mainly concentrate on the properties of a single scattering interface, neglecting the potential synergistic effects among multiple scattering interfaces. Consequently, we develop a multi-interface porous radiative cooling coating (MIPRC coating) for efficient sub-ambient radiative cooling relying on the emulsion templating method. MIPRC coating consists of three kinds of interfaces with refractive index gradient for photon scattering, including air/polymer, SiO2 particle/polymer, and air/SiO2 particle, resulting in a high solar reflectivity of 97.6 % and an emissivity of 0.964 within the atmospheric window. In radiative cooling experiments, the MIPRC coating achieved a minimum temperature reduction of 5.0 °C below ambient during daytime, and a maximum temperature reduction of 16.0 °C below ambient at nighttime. The corresponding maximum radiative cooling power reached 61.0 W m−2 during the day and 105.5 W m−2 at night. When the MIPRC coating is applied to a foam roof and exposed to ambient air, a roof temperature of 1.2 °C below the ambient under an average solar irradiance of 900W·m−2 is achieved. Building energy-saving measures within 25.8 %–84.6 % can be achieved by applying MIPRC coating in Haikou, Nairobi, Singapore, Miami, and Hawaii. This work provides an untapped perspective on designing highly efficient radiative cooling coatings.
{"title":"Multi-interface porous coating for efficient sub-ambient daytime radiative cooling","authors":"Cheng Jin , Wenshuo Zhang , Jiahao Ni , Lanxin Li , Yong Hao , Gang Pei , Bin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Daytime radiative cooling can achieve a sub-ambient phenomenon passively, holding great promise for energy-saving applications. Polymer coating based on the Mie scattering effect has been widely developed for efficient daytime radiative cooling due to its scalable potential. However, current studies mainly concentrate on the properties of a single scattering interface, neglecting the potential synergistic effects among multiple scattering interfaces. Consequently, we develop a multi-interface porous radiative cooling coating (MIPRC coating) for efficient sub-ambient radiative cooling relying on the emulsion templating method. MIPRC coating consists of three kinds of interfaces with refractive index gradient for photon scattering, including air/polymer, SiO<sub>2</sub> particle/polymer, and air/SiO<sub>2</sub> particle, resulting in a high solar reflectivity of 97.6 % and an emissivity of 0.964 within the atmospheric window. In radiative cooling experiments, the MIPRC coating achieved a minimum temperature reduction of 5.0 °C below ambient during daytime, and a maximum temperature reduction of 16.0 °C below ambient at nighttime. The corresponding maximum radiative cooling power reached 61.0 W m<sup>−2</sup> during the day and 105.5 W m<sup>−2</sup> at night. When the MIPRC coating is applied to a foam roof and exposed to ambient air, a roof temperature of 1.2 °C below the ambient under an average solar irradiance of 900W·m<sup>−2</sup> is achieved. Building energy-saving measures within 25.8 %–84.6 % can be achieved by applying MIPRC coating in Haikou, Nairobi, Singapore, Miami, and Hawaii. This work provides an untapped perspective on designing highly efficient radiative cooling coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 113577"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113572
Liang He , Yunfei Xu , Zuozuo Wu , Zhenchao Hong , Hongzhi Luo , Jianmin Li , Qi Lei , Xiaojuan Cheng , Fahui Wang , Shengquan Gan , Shuai Yuan
Cast multicrystalline silicon is a well-established crystal growth technique, widely utilized not only as a direct material for photovoltaic cells but also as an effective method for purifying low-purity silicon feedstock. This study, based on a mature industrial process for small-grain cast multicrystalline silicon, examines the impact of varying argon flow rates on material quality. Increasing the argon flow rate enhances heat transfer, reducing crystal growth time, and strengthens melt convection, which mitigates residual stress. Consequently, this reduces the concentration of detrimental defects, extends carrier recombination lifetime, and improves purification efficiency. Furthermore, a higher argon flow rate effectively lowers interstitial oxygen content in the cast silicon. However, excessively high flow rates may compromise the crucible coating, introducing additional contaminants and inclusions into the crystal.
{"title":"Effects and mechanisms of argon flow rate on the quality of cast multicrystalline silicon","authors":"Liang He , Yunfei Xu , Zuozuo Wu , Zhenchao Hong , Hongzhi Luo , Jianmin Li , Qi Lei , Xiaojuan Cheng , Fahui Wang , Shengquan Gan , Shuai Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cast multicrystalline silicon is a well-established crystal growth technique, widely utilized not only as a direct material for photovoltaic cells but also as an effective method for purifying low-purity silicon feedstock. This study, based on a mature industrial process for small-grain cast multicrystalline silicon, examines the impact of varying argon flow rates on material quality. Increasing the argon flow rate enhances heat transfer, reducing crystal growth time, and strengthens melt convection, which mitigates residual stress. Consequently, this reduces the concentration of detrimental defects, extends carrier recombination lifetime, and improves purification efficiency. Furthermore, a higher argon flow rate effectively lowers interstitial oxygen content in the cast silicon. However, excessively high flow rates may compromise the crucible coating, introducing additional contaminants and inclusions into the crystal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 113572"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113571
Pradeep Padhamnath , Srinath Nalluri , Filip Kuśmierczyk , Mateusz Kopyściański , Joanna Karbowniczek , Tomasz Kozieł , Shin Woei Leow , Thomas Reindl
The cumulative PV panel waste is expected to reach ≈8 million tonnes by 2030 and ≈ 80 million tonnes by 2050. This presents an opportunity to pursue new avenues in terms of recycling and improving the circularity of the PV panels. In this work we present experimental results for recycling c-Si PV panels using recently developed electrohydraulic shock-wave fragmentation (EHF) of PV panels. The EHF process allows for the recovery of all materials used in the manufacturing of PV panels. We use different types of panels for the recycling process and analyse the material recoverability in each condition. Further, we analyse the effectiveness of chemical treatment in isolating metals from the silicon obtained from recycled c-Si PV panels, providing an opportunity of recovering high quality metal and silicon. The separation process allows for the high-quality material recovery and could potentially improve the economic feasibility of the overall recycling process.
{"title":"Development of PV panel recycling process enabling complete recyclability of end-of-life silicon photovoltaic panels","authors":"Pradeep Padhamnath , Srinath Nalluri , Filip Kuśmierczyk , Mateusz Kopyściański , Joanna Karbowniczek , Tomasz Kozieł , Shin Woei Leow , Thomas Reindl","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cumulative PV panel waste is expected to reach ≈8 million tonnes by 2030 and ≈ 80 million tonnes by 2050. This presents an opportunity to pursue new avenues in terms of recycling and improving the circularity of the PV panels. In this work we present experimental results for recycling c-Si PV panels using recently developed electrohydraulic shock-wave fragmentation (EHF) of PV panels. The EHF process allows for the recovery of all materials used in the manufacturing of PV panels. We use different types of panels for the recycling process and analyse the material recoverability in each condition. Further, we analyse the effectiveness of chemical treatment in isolating metals from the silicon obtained from recycled c-Si PV panels, providing an opportunity of recovering high quality metal and silicon. The separation process allows for the high-quality material recovery and could potentially improve the economic feasibility of the overall recycling process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 113571"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-13DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113567
Lu Wang , Junwei Fu , Zhenzhen Sun , Boyuan Cai
Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) is a sustainable technology for cooling objects without consuming additional energy by reflecting sunlight and radiating heat to cold outer space. However, many PDRC devices proposed in recent years are complex and costly with the cooling performance degraded due to the surface contamination and heat conduction with the outdoor air, limiting their practical applications. Here, a cooling film consisting of poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) P(VDF-HFP) hollow nanofibers with surface adhered by SiO2 particles is fabricated by a combination of high temperature electrospinning and spraying technology, which can achieve triple functions of PDRC, self-cleaning and thermal insulation. The P(VDF-HFP)/SiO2 thermal insulating hollow nanofiber cooler (TIH-P(VDF-HFP)/SiO2) has an average mid-infrared emissivity of 98.2 % (8–13 μm) and reflects 98.9 % of solar irradiance due to the vibration bonds of C−H and C−F molecular chains in P(VDF-HFP) nanofibers and the particle-nanofiber structure scattering. Besides, the TIH-P(VDF-HFP)/SiO2 cooler exhibits the thermal conductivity of 0.019 W m−1 K−1 (lower than air) and a high static water contact angle (145°), which can reduce the environmental heat gain and possess self-cleaning performance, ensuring the stability and durability of the cooler. In practical applications, our cooler maintains an average temperature drop of 14 °C for the wood house model under direct sunlight even after the mud water contamination. This work provides a feasible way for fabricating thermal insulating PRDC materials and has the potential for a wide range of energy-saving and emission reduction applications.
{"title":"Large-scale SiO2 particle integrated superhydrophobic thermal insulating hollow nanofiber film for daytime passive radiative cooling","authors":"Lu Wang , Junwei Fu , Zhenzhen Sun , Boyuan Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) is a sustainable technology for cooling objects without consuming additional energy by reflecting sunlight and radiating heat to cold outer space. However, many PDRC devices proposed in recent years are complex and costly with the cooling performance degraded due to the surface contamination and heat conduction with the outdoor air, limiting their practical applications. Here, a cooling film consisting of poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) P(VDF-HFP) hollow nanofibers with surface adhered by SiO<sub>2</sub> particles is fabricated by a combination of high temperature electrospinning and spraying technology, which can achieve triple functions of PDRC, self-cleaning and thermal insulation. The P(VDF-HFP)/SiO<sub>2</sub> thermal insulating hollow nanofiber cooler (TIH-P(VDF-HFP)/SiO<sub>2</sub>) has an average mid-infrared emissivity of 98.2 % (8–13 μm) and reflects 98.9 % of solar irradiance due to the vibration bonds of C−H and C−F molecular chains in P(VDF-HFP) nanofibers and the particle-nanofiber structure scattering. Besides, the TIH-P(VDF-HFP)/SiO<sub>2</sub> cooler exhibits the thermal conductivity of 0.019 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> (lower than air) and a high static water contact angle (145°), which can reduce the environmental heat gain and possess self-cleaning performance, ensuring the stability and durability of the cooler. In practical applications, our cooler maintains an average temperature drop of 14 °C for the wood house model under direct sunlight even after the mud water contamination. This work provides a feasible way for fabricating thermal insulating PRDC materials and has the potential for a wide range of energy-saving and emission reduction applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 113567"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-13DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113575
Joko Waluyo , Robertus Dhimas Dhewangga Putra , Dwi Chandra Adhitya , Reza Abdu Rahman
Heat storage is the heart of solar-based water heaters, making the development of this technology extremely important to improve the operational aspect of domestic water heaters. The present work proposes a new system configuration by utilizing hybrid thermo-electric to charge the heat storage material. The assessment is conducted in detail by comparing the typical arrangement of the system, which uses fluid-active operation. Moreover, high melting temperatures and the vast availability of storage material are employed to offer reliable results from this work for actual application. Key finding on the storage operation assessment shows the hybrid thermo-electric offers high charging efficiency, which ranges between 60.3 and 74.3 %, while fluid-active operation has maximum value of 33.9 %. The energy transfer rate becomes higher as the material is directly in contact with the heat source for hybrid thermo-electric operation, resulting in an excellent charge rating, particularly for high thermal capacity storage material. The finding shows that the technical limitation of using high melting temperature and thermal capacity material is solved by introducing a hybrid thermo-electric configuration. Also, the proposed model achieves a high system efficiency around 31–57 %. The manuscript also provides a technical comparison between the two systems, showing that hybrid thermo-electric is more favorable in terms of storage density and control process. Moreover, it reduces the number of components in the system and prevents complex installation. Overall, hybrid thermo-electric operation might be considered as cost-effective approach to maximizing the operation of domestic water heaters.
{"title":"Parametric operational analysis of hybrid thermo-electric/fluid-active thermal storage for domestic water heating system","authors":"Joko Waluyo , Robertus Dhimas Dhewangga Putra , Dwi Chandra Adhitya , Reza Abdu Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat storage is the heart of solar-based water heaters, making the development of this technology extremely important to improve the operational aspect of domestic water heaters. The present work proposes a new system configuration by utilizing hybrid thermo-electric to charge the heat storage material. The assessment is conducted in detail by comparing the typical arrangement of the system, which uses fluid-active operation. Moreover, high melting temperatures and the vast availability of storage material are employed to offer reliable results from this work for actual application. Key finding on the storage operation assessment shows the hybrid thermo-electric offers high charging efficiency, which ranges between 60.3 and 74.3 %, while fluid-active operation has maximum value of 33.9 %. The energy transfer rate becomes higher as the material is directly in contact with the heat source for hybrid thermo-electric operation, resulting in an excellent charge rating, particularly for high thermal capacity storage material. The finding shows that the technical limitation of using high melting temperature and thermal capacity material is solved by introducing a hybrid thermo-electric configuration. Also, the proposed model achieves a high system efficiency around 31–57 %. The manuscript also provides a technical comparison between the two systems, showing that hybrid thermo-electric is more favorable in terms of storage density and control process. Moreover, it reduces the number of components in the system and prevents complex installation. Overall, hybrid thermo-electric operation might be considered as cost-effective approach to maximizing the operation of domestic water heaters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 113575"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113564
Yaxuan Xiong , Meichao Yin , Yuting Wu , Aitonglu Zhang , Jiancheng Wang , Jing Ren , Cancan Zhang , Xiaohui She , Yanan Su , Yanqi Zhao , Meng Li , Yulong Ding
Low-carbon phase change composites with low cost determines their potential in massive engineering applications. To decrease the cost and carbon emission of phase change composites during the production this work innovatively employs coal gangue as raw material for skeletal material production and NaNO3 as phase change material to prepare phase change composites. Nine shape-stable phase change composites with diverse mass fractions of skeletal material and phase change material were fabricated through a cold compression-hot sintering method. An investigation was conducted into the crucial properties of the coal gangue-based shape-stable phase change composites, encompassing thermal storage capacity, microstructure, mechanical robustness, chemical compatibility, and economic feasibility. The findings revealed that a mass ratio of coal gangue to NaNO3 at 4.5:5.5 (sample SC3) resulted in an optimization of various properties. Specifically, sample SC3 exhibited a mechanical strength of 49.33 MPa and an impressive thermal storage capacity of 399.29 J/g within a temperature range of 100 °C–335 °C, accompanied by a thermal conductivity of 1.484 W/(m⋅K). Notably, sample SC3 maintained excellent thermal storage performance, mechanical strength, and good appearance after enduring 1858 heating and cooling cycles. Furthermore, sample SC3 demonstrated favorable chemical compatibility between components evenly dispersed throughout the sample.
{"title":"Investigation of coal gangue-based low-carbon phase-change composites for thermal energy storage","authors":"Yaxuan Xiong , Meichao Yin , Yuting Wu , Aitonglu Zhang , Jiancheng Wang , Jing Ren , Cancan Zhang , Xiaohui She , Yanan Su , Yanqi Zhao , Meng Li , Yulong Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-carbon phase change composites with low cost determines their potential in massive engineering applications. To decrease the cost and carbon emission of phase change composites during the production this work innovatively employs coal gangue as raw material for skeletal material production and NaNO<sub>3</sub> as phase change material to prepare phase change composites. Nine shape-stable phase change composites with diverse mass fractions of skeletal material and phase change material were fabricated through a cold compression-hot sintering method. An investigation was conducted into the crucial properties of the coal gangue-based shape-stable phase change composites, encompassing thermal storage capacity, microstructure, mechanical robustness, chemical compatibility, and economic feasibility. The findings revealed that a mass ratio of coal gangue to NaNO<sub>3</sub> at 4.5:5.5 (sample SC3) resulted in an optimization of various properties. Specifically, sample SC3 exhibited a mechanical strength of 49.33 MPa and an impressive thermal storage capacity of 399.29 J/g within a temperature range of 100 °C–335 °C, accompanied by a thermal conductivity of 1.484 W/(m⋅K). Notably, sample SC3 maintained excellent thermal storage performance, mechanical strength, and good appearance after enduring 1858 heating and cooling cycles. Furthermore, sample SC3 demonstrated favorable chemical compatibility between components evenly dispersed throughout the sample.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 113564"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113573
Mohamed M.Z. Ahmed , Mohamed M. Younes , Swellam W. Sharshir , Mohamed Elashmawy
Every day, the availability of clean, freshwater sources continues to decline globally. Water supplies that are either untreated or contaminated pose significant health risks, leading to various waterborne diseases. It is crucial for people to purify water immediately while ensuring that the process does not harm the environment. One very clean distillation method for treating water is solar distillation. One method of water purification that creates drinkable water is the solar still (SS). Numerous studies have looked into the design of various SSs and the use of various materials to boost these SS’s production. The most well-known SS kinds were covered in this study, along with the various materials and adjustments that were thought to increase these systems' productivity. These SSs are Single slope SS, Double slope SS, Stepped SS, Wick SS, Pyramid SS, Tubular SS, and Hemispherical SS. Additionally, the price per liter of water generated by the desalination process and the cost of producing the prior systems were examined. Thus, this study compares the expense of water produced per liter and the different designs of SS, providing a tool that facilitates the selection of the optimal SS in terms of operating capacities and expected productivity. According to the findings, modified hemispherical SS (with baffles, reflectors, and Nano-PCM) had the lowest average cost per liter (0.0137 $). Additionally, both modified hemispherical SS and wick SS had the highest average production, 7.6 L.
{"title":"The latest advances in solar still desalination systems: Analyzing different geometric configurations","authors":"Mohamed M.Z. Ahmed , Mohamed M. Younes , Swellam W. Sharshir , Mohamed Elashmawy","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Every day, the availability of clean, freshwater sources continues to decline globally. Water supplies that are either untreated or contaminated pose significant health risks, leading to various waterborne diseases. It is crucial for people to purify water immediately while ensuring that the process does not harm the environment. One very clean distillation method for treating water is solar distillation. One method of water purification that creates drinkable water is the solar still (SS). Numerous studies have looked into the design of various SSs and the use of various materials to boost these SS’s production. The most well-known SS kinds were covered in this study, along with the various materials and adjustments that were thought to increase these systems' productivity. These SSs are Single slope SS, Double slope SS, Stepped SS, Wick SS, Pyramid SS, Tubular SS, and Hemispherical SS. Additionally, the price per liter of water generated by the desalination process and the cost of producing the prior systems were examined. Thus, this study compares the expense of water produced per liter and the different designs of SS, providing a tool that facilitates the selection of the optimal SS in terms of operating capacities and expected productivity. According to the findings, modified hemispherical SS (with baffles, reflectors, and Nano-PCM) had the lowest average cost per liter (0.0137 $). Additionally, both modified hemispherical SS and wick SS had the highest average production, 7.6 L.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 113573"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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