Pub Date : 2020-12-11DOI: 10.1163/19552629-bja10022
Daniel Bell
Xining Mandarin (Qinghai province, Northwest China) strikingly diverges from the usual syntactic profile of Sinitic languages, featuring an array of head-final categories which are inherent instead to the local substrate languages. In this paper, the formation of the dialect is considered from a historical perspective and it is seen to have emerged in a fort creolization (Bickerton, 1988) scenario, comparable to that found for European lexifier creoles along the West African coast. Linguistically relevant aspects of the socio-historical scenario underlying the dialect are reconstructed and Xining Mandarin is argued to have formed as the language of Ming dynasty Chinese colonists was acquired imperfectly due to poor access to Chinese among the local population. The speed of creolization and the role of language shift is evaluated, and it is argued that Ming creolization was gradual (rather than abrupt), reflecting cases of fort creolization elsewhere in the world.
{"title":"Chinese Fort Creolization: on the Origin of Xining Mandarin","authors":"Daniel Bell","doi":"10.1163/19552629-bja10022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19552629-bja10022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Xining Mandarin (Qinghai province, Northwest China) strikingly diverges from the usual syntactic profile of Sinitic languages, featuring an array of head-final categories which are inherent instead to the local substrate languages. In this paper, the formation of the dialect is considered from a historical perspective and it is seen to have emerged in a fort creolization (Bickerton, 1988) scenario, comparable to that found for European lexifier creoles along the West African coast. Linguistically relevant aspects of the socio-historical scenario underlying the dialect are reconstructed and Xining Mandarin is argued to have formed as the language of Ming dynasty Chinese colonists was acquired imperfectly due to poor access to Chinese among the local population. The speed of creolization and the role of language shift is evaluated, and it is argued that Ming creolization was gradual (rather than abrupt), reflecting cases of fort creolization elsewhere in the world.","PeriodicalId":43304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Contact","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84249054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-11DOI: 10.1163/19552629-bja10021
N. Guzzo, Guilherme D. Garcia
In a variety of Brazilian Portuguese in contact with Veneto, variable vowel reduction in clitic position can be partially accounted for by the phonotactic profile of clitic structures. We show that, when phonotactic profile is controlled for, vowel reduction is statistically more frequent in non-pronominal than in pronominal clitics, which indicates that these clitic types are represented in separate prosodic domains. We propose that this difference in frequency of reduction between clitic types is only possible due to contact with Veneto, which, unlike standard BP, does not exhibit vowel reduction in clitic position. Contact thus provides speakers with the possibility of producing clitic vowels without reduction, and the resulting variation is used to signal prosodic distinctions between clitic types. We show that the difference in frequency of reduction is larger for older speakers, who are more proficient in Veneto and use the language regularly.
{"title":"Phonological variation and prosodic representation: clitics in Portuguese-Veneto contact","authors":"N. Guzzo, Guilherme D. Garcia","doi":"10.1163/19552629-bja10021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19552629-bja10021","url":null,"abstract":"In a variety of Brazilian Portuguese in contact with Veneto, variable vowel reduction in clitic position can be partially accounted for by the phonotactic profile of clitic structures. We show that, when phonotactic profile is controlled for, vowel reduction is statistically more frequent in non-pronominal than in pronominal clitics, which indicates that these clitic types are represented in separate prosodic domains. We propose that this difference in frequency of reduction between clitic types is only possible due to contact with Veneto, which, unlike standard BP, does not exhibit vowel reduction in clitic position. Contact thus provides speakers with the possibility of producing clitic vowels without reduction, and the resulting variation is used to signal prosodic distinctions between clitic types. We show that the difference in frequency of reduction is larger for older speakers, who are more proficient in Veneto and use the language regularly.","PeriodicalId":43304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Contact","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72372995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-11DOI: 10.1163/19552629-bja10011
C. Perta
The aim of this paper is to investigate two Francoprovençal speaking communities in the Italian region of Apulia, Faeto and Celle di St. Vito. Despite the regional neighborhood of the two towns, and their common isolation from other Francoprovençal speaking communities, their sociolinguistic conditions are deeply different. They differ in reference to the functional distribution of the languages of the repertoire and speakers’ language uses, and in reference to the degree of ‘permeability’ of Francoprovençal varieties towards Italian and its dialects. The repertoire composition and the relationship between the codes have a key role both for minority language maintenance and for language contact processes. In this perspective, I analyse some language contact phenomena in a sample of speakers discourse. I report correlations between the choice of different code-mixing strategies and three sociolinguistic variables (age, sex and village), but not with occupation.
本文的目的是调查意大利阿普利亚、费托和圣维托cellle di St. Vito地区两个讲法语的社区。尽管这两个城镇在区域上相邻，而且它们与其他法语-普罗旺斯语社区都是隔离的，但它们的社会语言学条件却截然不同。它们的不同之处在于保留语言的功能分布和使用者的语言使用，以及法语普罗旺斯法语变体对意大利语及其方言的“渗透”程度。语码的构成和语码之间的关系对少数民族语言的维护和语言接触过程都起着关键作用。从这个角度出发，我分析了说话人话语中的一些语言接触现象。我报告了不同代码混合策略的选择与三个社会语言学变量(年龄、性别和村庄)之间的相关性，但与职业无关。
{"title":"Sociolinguistic Aspects and Language Contact: Evidence from Francoprovençal of Apulia","authors":"C. Perta","doi":"10.1163/19552629-bja10011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19552629-bja10011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The aim of this paper is to investigate two Francoprovençal speaking communities in the Italian region of Apulia, Faeto and Celle di St. Vito. Despite the regional neighborhood of the two towns, and their common isolation from other Francoprovençal speaking communities, their sociolinguistic conditions are deeply different. They differ in reference to the functional distribution of the languages of the repertoire and speakers’ language uses, and in reference to the degree of ‘permeability’ of Francoprovençal varieties towards Italian and its dialects. The repertoire composition and the relationship between the codes have a key role both for minority language maintenance and for language contact processes. In this perspective, I analyse some language contact phenomena in a sample of speakers discourse. I report correlations between the choice of different code-mixing strategies and three sociolinguistic variables (age, sex and village), but not with occupation.","PeriodicalId":43304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Contact","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74914364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-11DOI: 10.1163/19552629-bja10012
Maxim Makartsev
The article focuses on two markers of progressive aspect that are emerging in a Balkan Slavic dialect in Albania, presumably under Albanian influence. One of them dates back to locative (ǵe ‘where’). Two processes intertwine on the grammaticalisation path of the other (toko): originally an adversative conjunction (‘but’), it was structurally mapped to its polysemic (adversative, but also affirmative, progressive, conditional) Albanian counterpart po. At the same time, its choice to mark progressive was additionally motivated by the phonetic similarity with another Albanian progressive marker duke. In the first third of the 20th century both markers were used as synonyms. However, during the subsequent process of language attrition the language community in question split into three groups regarding the use of the markers: of the last six remaining speakers one speaker used only ǵe as an optional marker; one speaker used toko as an optional marker; four other speakers used toko as a regular progressive marker.
这篇文章的重点是在阿尔巴尼亚的巴尔干斯拉夫方言中出现的两个进步方面的标志，大概是在阿尔巴尼亚的影响下。其中一个可以追溯到位置(ǵe ' where ')。两个过程在另一个(toko)的语法化路径上交织在一起:最初是一个对口连词(“but”)，它在结构上被映射到它的多义(对口的，但也是肯定的，进步的，条件的)阿尔巴尼亚语对应物po。同时，与另一个阿尔巴尼亚语进行性标记duke在语音上相似也是其选择进行性标记的另一个动机。在20世纪的前三分之一，这两种标记都被用作同义词。然而，在随后的语言消耗过程中，有关的语言社区在使用标记方面分成了三组:在剩下的最后六个发言者中，一个发言者只使用ǵe作为可选的标记;一位发言者使用toko作为可选的标记;另外四位发言者使用toko作为常规的递进标记。
{"title":"Grammaticalization of Progressive Aspect in a Slavic Dialect in Albania","authors":"Maxim Makartsev","doi":"10.1163/19552629-bja10012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19552629-bja10012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The article focuses on two markers of progressive aspect that are emerging in a Balkan Slavic dialect in Albania, presumably under Albanian influence. One of them dates back to locative (ǵe ‘where’). Two processes intertwine on the grammaticalisation path of the other (toko): originally an adversative conjunction (‘but’), it was structurally mapped to its polysemic (adversative, but also affirmative, progressive, conditional) Albanian counterpart po. At the same time, its choice to mark progressive was additionally motivated by the phonetic similarity with another Albanian progressive marker duke. In the first third of the 20th century both markers were used as synonyms. However, during the subsequent process of language attrition the language community in question split into three groups regarding the use of the markers: of the last six remaining speakers one speaker used only ǵe as an optional marker; one speaker used toko as an optional marker; four other speakers used toko as a regular progressive marker.","PeriodicalId":43304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Contact","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86226268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-11DOI: 10.1163/19552629-01302003
Tomáš Duběda
In this article, I analyse the phonological adaptation of Anglicisms in three languages (French, German and Czech) from a contrastive perspective. The classification of standard phonological forms, based on a system of eight adaptation principles, aims at capturing the degree of phonological permeability/resistance for each of the languages. Phonological approximation (the substitution of foreign phonemes with native ones) seems to be the fundamental principle in all three languages analysed. The spelling pronunciation principle is observed predominantly in French; phonological import occurs only in German. Globally, phonological resistance increases in the following order: German – Czech – French.
{"title":"The Phonology of Anglicisms in French, German and Czech: A Contrastive Approach","authors":"Tomáš Duběda","doi":"10.1163/19552629-01302003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19552629-01302003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In this article, I analyse the phonological adaptation of Anglicisms in three languages (French, German and Czech) from a contrastive perspective. The classification of standard phonological forms, based on a system of eight adaptation principles, aims at capturing the degree of phonological permeability/resistance for each of the languages. Phonological approximation (the substitution of foreign phonemes with native ones) seems to be the fundamental principle in all three languages analysed. The spelling pronunciation principle is observed predominantly in French; phonological import occurs only in German. Globally, phonological resistance increases in the following order: German – Czech – French.","PeriodicalId":43304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Contact","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80924505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-10DOI: 10.1017/9781108333955.005
{"title":"Acquiring and Maintaining a Bilingual Repertoire","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108333955.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108333955.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Contact","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83064796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-10DOI: 10.1017/9781108333955.010
{"title":"Converging Structures: Pattern Replication","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108333955.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108333955.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Contact","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88216714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-10DOI: 10.1017/9781108333955.003
{"title":"An Emerging Multilingual Repertoire","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108333955.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108333955.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Contact","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86104783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-10DOI: 10.1017/9781108333955.004
{"title":"Societal Multilingualism","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108333955.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108333955.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Contact","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85414297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-10DOI: 10.1017/9781108333955.012
{"title":"Towards a Functional Theory of Language Contact","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108333955.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108333955.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Contact","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90865091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：