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Cecelia Cutler and Unn Røyneland (eds.), 2018. Multilingual Youth Practices in Computer Mediated Communication Cecelia Cutler和Unn Røyneland(主编),2018。多语言青年在电脑媒介沟通中的实践
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.1163/19552629-14020010
Kathrin Feindt
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引用次数: 0
When Language Contact Says Nothing: A Contrastive Analysis of Queísta Structures in Two Varieties of Peninsular Spanish 当语言接触无话可说:两种半岛西班牙语Queísta结构的对比分析
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.1163/19552629-14020006
José Luis Blas Arroyo

Based on the existence of some structural conflict between Spanish and Catalan in certain points of the syntax, this study tests the hypothesis about the influence of the latter on the distribution of queísmo uses (‘Me alegro que vengas’ [‘I’m glad you come’]) in the Spanish spoken in an eastern peninsular variety in contact with Catalan. Using the tools of comparative sociolinguistics, and the analysis of three corpora of contemporary Spanish, the study exhaustively examines the conditioning of this variable. The starting hypothesis is that the influence of the contact can be inferred from the comparison between different magnitudes derived from a multivariable statistical analysis. In addition to several linguistic and extra-linguistic predictors previously analysed in the literature, we also take into account other factor groups that may be particularly informative about that potential influence. Thus, from a structural point of view, we consider the contrast between: a) conjunctive queísmo in verbal structures, in which the structural conflict with Spanish is more evident (‘me acuerdo (de) que vino con su mujer/em recorde Ø que va vindre amb la seua dona’ [‘I remember that he came with his wife’]; and b) pronominal queísmo in relative sentences, in which the coincidence between both languages is greater (‘el día (en) que nos conocimos / el día (en) què ens vam conéixer’). From an extralinguistic perspective, the incidence of two additional factors is also examined: a) the speech community (without contact (Madrid/Alcalá) vs. in contact (Castellón), and b) the main language of the speakers (Spanish/Catalan-Valencian). The results of several mixed-effect regression analyses performed do not support the hypothesis of contact. The distributional differences between the above-mentioned groups are minimal, and in no case significant. On the other hand, the variation is basically affected by the same structural and non-structural predictors, regardless of the speech community or the ethnolinguistic group examined. Even the few divergences that are observed point in a direction contrary to that expected by the contact hypothesis. The study concludes with some potential explanations about these results and the contrast with other cases of syntactic convergence with Catalan.

基于西班牙语和加泰罗尼亚语在句法的某些方面存在一些结构上的冲突,本研究测试了后者对与加泰罗尼亚语接触的东部半岛的西班牙语中queísmo用法分布(' Me alegro que vengas ' [' I ' m glad you come '])的影响的假设。使用比较社会语言学的工具,并分析当代西班牙语的三个语料库,该研究详尽地检查了这一变量的条件。最初的假设是,接触的影响可以从多变量统计分析得出的不同震级之间的比较中推断出来。除了先前在文献中分析的几种语言和语言外的预测因素外,我们还考虑了可能对这种潜在影响提供特别信息的其他因素组。因此,从结构的角度来看,我们考虑以下对比:a)动词结构中的连词queísmo,其中与西班牙语的结构冲突更为明显(' me acuerdo (de) que vino con su mujer/em recorde Ø que va vindre amb la seua dona '['我记得他和妻子一起来的'];b)代词queísmo在关系句中,两种语言之间的一致性更大(“el día (en) que nos conocimos / el día (en) què ens vam con ixer”)。从外语言的角度来看,还检查了两个额外因素的发生率:a)语言社区(没有接触(马德里/阿尔卡莱)与接触(Castellón), b)说话者的主要语言(西班牙语/加泰罗尼亚-巴伦西亚语)。几个混合效应回归分析的结果不支持接触的假设。上述群体之间的分布差异很小,在任何情况下都不显著。另一方面,这种变化基本上受到相同的结构和非结构预测因素的影响,无论被调查的是语言社区还是民族语言群体。即使是观察到的少数散度也指向与接触假说所期望的方向相反的方向。本研究最后对这些结果进行了一些可能的解释,并与加泰罗尼亚语的其他句法趋同情况进行了对比。
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引用次数: 0
Andrée Tabouret-Keller: la défense du bilinguisme
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.1163/19552629-14020001
J. Boutet
Le 20 septembre 2020, Andrée Tabouret-Keller, membre éminente du Advisory Board de Journal of Language Contact depuis sa création, nous a quittés. Née en 1929 en Alsace, dans cette partie de la France qui, depuis 1870, fut alternativement française et allemande, où les deux langues le français et l’allemand furent successivement officielles, et où le dialecte alsacien était la langue première et vernaculaire de tous les Alsaciens. C’est dire que le bilinguisme fut sa patrie originelle. En 1948, Andrée Tabouret-Keller (désormais atk) entreprit des études supérieures scientifiques, en français, à l’université de Strasbourg. En 1956 elle soutint son Diplôme d’Etudes Supérieures en psychologie appliquée (mention pédagogie), Contribution à l’étude de l’apprentissage scolaire de la langue française en Alsace. Dans ce qui constitua son premier terrain de recherche, elle compara les résultats scolaires et l’intelligence d’élèves ruraux parlant le dialecte alsacien à ceux d’enfants francophones en Bourgogne, également ruraux : elle ne put établir aucune différence notable entre ces deux groupes. Elle montra que les enfants bilingues, à condition d’employer avec eux des tests non verbaux, sont aussi intelligents que les unilingues. On voit déjà à l’œuvre en 1959 sa défiance envers la mesure scientifique de l’intelligence fondée sur les tests verbaux. Dans ses travaux futurs sur l’histoire des idées (en particulier en 2011), atk reviendra sur cette mesure dont elle montrera comment elle a historiquement participé à la persistance de l’idée de la nocivité du bilinguisme. On voit aussi dans ce mémoire son intérêt Journal of Language Contact 14 (2021) 255-263
2020年9月20日,andree Tabouret-Keller去世,他自《语言联系杂志》成立以来一直是该杂志顾问委员会的杰出成员。1929年生于阿尔萨斯,这是法国的一个地区,自1870年以来,法语和德语交替出现,法语和德语都是官方语言,阿尔萨斯方言是所有阿尔萨斯人的第一语言和方言。这意味着双语是他最初的祖国。1948年,andree Tabouret-Keller(现在的atk)开始在斯特拉斯堡大学学习法语。1956年,她获得了应用心理学高级研究文凭(提到教育学),这对阿尔萨斯法语学校学习的研究做出了贡献。在她的第一个研究领域,她比较了讲阿尔萨斯方言的农村学生和勃艮第讲法语的农村学生的学习成绩和智力:她无法确定这两个群体之间的任何显著差异。研究表明,只要使用非语言测试,双语儿童和单语儿童一样聪明。早在1959年,我们就可以看到他对基于语言测试的智力科学测量的蔑视。在她未来关于思想史的工作中(特别是在2011年),atk将回顾这一措施,并展示它在历史上是如何帮助坚持双语有害的观点的。这篇论文也显示了他的兴趣,语言杂志联系14 (2021)255-263
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引用次数: 0
Joanna Nolan. The Elusive case of Lingua Franca. Fact and Fiction 乔安娜·诺兰。难以捉摸的通用语案例。事实与虚构
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.1163/19552629-14020008-01
P. Bakker
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引用次数: 0
Contact-Induced Complexification in the Gender System of Istro-Romanian 伊斯特罗-罗马尼亚语性别系统中的接触诱导复合体
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1163/19552629-14010004
M. Loporcaro, F. Gardani, A. Giudici
The paper provides the first description of the borrowing of Croatian collective numerals into Northern Istro-Romanian and explores the consequences of this borrowing for the morphosyntax of the recipient language. It argues that the collective numerals under examination, which are specified as nominative plural feminine in the Slavic model, took on a different structural specification in the Romance replica, in a way that led to a restructuring of the morphosyntactic system, introducing (sub)gender overdifferentiation on just two agreement targets and, thereby, a complexification in this area of grammar. The illustration of this change is placed against the background of the other contact-induced changes that grammatical gender has undergone in Istro-Romanian during the 20th century, which have led to the borrowing of two dedicated forms in distinct inflectional cells and the rise of two separate defective gender values, each the replica of one number value of the Slavic neuter.
本文首次描述了克罗地亚集体数字向北伊斯特罗-罗马尼亚语的借用,并探讨了这种借用对接收语言的形态语法的影响。它认为,所研究的集体数词,在斯拉夫模式中被指定为主复数女性,在罗曼语复制品中采取了不同的结构规范,以某种方式导致形态句法系统的重组,在两个一致的目标上引入(次)性别过度分化,从而使这一语法领域复杂化。对这一变化的说明是在20世纪伊斯特罗-罗马尼亚语中其他接触引起的语法性别变化的背景下进行的,这些变化导致了在不同的屈变细胞中借用了两种专门的形式,并出现了两种独立的有缺陷的性别价值,每一种都是斯拉夫中性词的一个数字价值的复制品。
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引用次数: 3
Italo-Albanian: Balkan Inheritance and Romance Influence 意大利-阿尔巴尼亚语:巴尔干的继承和浪漫的影响
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1163/19552629-14010006
W. Breu
This chapter deals with contact-induced change in Italo-Albanian and its effects on the Balkan inheritance of this minority language. The introduction is dedicated to the general characteristics of Albanian and its varieties from a historical, dialectological and geographic perspective, followed by a section on the historical and present situation of the Italo-Albanians. While Section 3 discusses the role of Balkanisms in Standard Albanian, Section 4 gives a general overview of the fate of these Sprachbund criteria in Italo-Albanian. In Section 5, contact-induced changes in the verb systems in single Italo-Albanian dialects are investigated, with special regard to the changes in the future tense, in the analytical perfect and verbal aspect, followed by a discussion of the innovative causative construction and other periphrases. Finally, changes in the domains of mood and voice in the Italo-Albanian dialects are described, most of them of recent date and, in part, not accepted by conservative speakers. All contact-induced developments in the minority language, as well as those parts of its grammar that have resisted foreign influence, are contrasted with their Standard-Albanian counterparts. As will be shown, many traditional Balkan features have been weakened or lost, whereas others have even expanded, but always in the direction of Romance models, to which Italo-Albanian functionally has adapted or which it has calqued.
本章讨论意大利-阿尔巴尼亚语的接触引起的变化及其对这种少数民族语言在巴尔干地区的传承的影响。引言部分主要从历史、方言和地理的角度介绍阿尔巴尼亚语及其变种的一般特征,然后是意大利-阿尔巴尼亚语的历史和现状。第3节讨论了巴尔干主义在标准阿尔巴尼亚语中的作用,第4节概述了这些统一标准在意大利-阿尔巴尼亚语中的命运。在第5节中,研究了单一意大利-阿尔巴尼亚方言中由接触引起的动词系统变化,特别关注将来时、分析完成时和动词方面的变化,随后讨论了创新的使役结构和其他迂回短语。最后,描述了意大利-阿尔巴尼亚语方言中情绪和声音领域的变化,其中大多数是最近的,部分不被保守的说话者所接受。少数民族语言的所有接触导致的发展,以及那些抵制外来影响的语法部分,都与标准阿尔巴尼亚语进行了对比。正如我们将会看到的,许多传统的巴尔干语特征已经被削弱或丧失,而另一些特征甚至得到了扩展,但总是朝着罗曼语模式的方向发展,意大利-阿尔巴尼亚语在功能上已经适应或已经溶化了罗曼语。
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引用次数: 0
In and Around the Balkans: Romance Languages and the Making of Layered Languages 巴尔干及其周边地区:罗曼语和分层语言的形成
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1163/19552629-14010001
F. Gardani, M. Loporcaro, A. Giudici
The languages of the Balkans are a rich source of data on contact-induced language change. The result of a centuries long process of lexical and structural convergence has been referred to as a ‘sprachbund’. While widely applied, this notion has, however, increasingly been questioned with respect to its usefulness. Addressing the linguistic makeup of the Balkan languages, the notion of sprachbund is critically assessed. It is shown that a) the Balkan languages and the Balkan linguistic exclaves (Albanian and Greek spoken on the Italian peninsula) share similar contact-induced phenomena, and b) the principal processes underlying the development of the Balkan languages are borrowing and reanalysis, two fundamental and general mechanisms of language change.
巴尔干地区的语言是有关接触引起的语言变化的丰富数据来源。几个世纪以来词汇和结构趋同的结果被称为“错落”。这一概念虽然得到广泛应用,但其实用性却日益受到质疑。解决巴尔干语言的语言构成,sprachbund的概念是严格评估。研究表明,a)巴尔干语言和巴尔干语言聚居地(在意大利半岛上使用的阿尔巴尼亚语和希腊语)有着相似的接触诱发现象,b)巴尔干语言发展的主要过程是借鉴和再分析,这是语言变化的两种基本和一般机制。
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引用次数: 5
Eastern and Western Romance in the Balkans – the Contrasting but Revealing Positions of the Danubian Romance Languages and Judezmo 巴尔干半岛的东西方罗曼语——多瑙河罗曼语与犹太语的对比与启示
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1163/19552629-14010005
V. Friedman, B. Joseph
The fate of two languages in the Balkans under conditions of language contact is discussed here. These languages, representing different branches of the Romance family, are the Ibero-Romance language Judezmo from the eastern branch and the South Danubian language Aromanian from the western branch. Both have been subject to intense contact with other languages in the Balkans but they show differential outcomes of this contact and thus differential degrees of involvement in the Balkan sprachbund. We document the similarities and differences in these outcomes, offer an explanation of their causes, and discuss the consequences they have for understanding the Balkan sprachbund.
在语言接触的条件下,两种语言在巴尔干地区的命运将在这里讨论。这些语言代表了罗曼语家族的不同分支,伊比利亚-罗曼语(Judezmo)来自东部分支,南多瑙河语言(Aromanian)来自西部分支。这两种语言都与巴尔干地区的其他语言密切接触,但它们在这种接触中表现出不同的结果,因此在巴尔干地区的参与程度也不同。我们记录了这些结果的异同,解释了它们的原因,并讨论了它们对理解巴尔干半岛分裂的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Convergence by Shared Ancestry in Romance 浪漫中共同祖先的趋同
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1163/19552629-14010003
P. Widmer, Stefan Dedio, Barbara Sonnenhauser
In many cases of apparent contact-induced change the contribution of genealogical correlation in the language sample and its interaction with processes such as matter and pattern replication are difficult to specify. In order to get a better sense of the relevance of shared ancestry, we quantify the change in similarity since the late Middle Ages in a sample of Romance and Germanic languages with data from a selected grammatical domain (expression of reflexivity). We compare their dynamics to patterns of change of similarity in two contact zones in Europe, namely the British Isles (Dedio et al., 2019) and the Balkans. Concerning the genealogical signal, the results indicate a maintenance and gain of similarity in Romance as opposed to a loss of similarity in Germanic. This hints at the importance of the inherited states, the time since the split from the common ancestor, and subsequent developments. We presume that these factors are likely to be at the origin of the maintenance and increase in similarity observed for the sampled Romance varieties. While this result cannot be generalized beyond the specific case study presented here, the basic approach will contribute to a better understanding of how contact, genealogy and culture interact in shaping the dynamics of linguistic similarity.
在许多明显的接触引起的变化的情况下,语言样本中系谱相关性的贡献及其与物质和模式复制等过程的相互作用很难确定。为了更好地了解共同祖先的相关性,我们用一个选定的语法领域(反身性的表达)的数据,量化了中世纪晚期以来罗曼语和日耳曼语样本中相似性的变化。我们将其动态与欧洲两个接触区,即不列颠群岛(Dedio et al., 2019)和巴尔干半岛的相似性变化模式进行了比较。关于宗谱信号,结果表明罗曼语保持并获得相似性,而日耳曼语则失去相似性。这暗示了继承国家的重要性,从共同祖先分裂以来的时间,以及随后的发展。我们认为,这些因素可能是在维持和增加相似性观察到取样罗曼史品种的起源。虽然这一结果不能推广到这里提出的具体案例研究之外,但基本方法将有助于更好地理解接触、谱系和文化如何在形成语言相似性的动态过程中相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Establishing Contact: Slavonic Influence on Romanian Morphology? 建立联系:斯拉夫语对罗马尼亚语形态的影响?
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1163/19552629-14010002
M. Maiden
It is not disputed that Slavonic languages have influenced the inflexional morphology of Romanian and its closely related Daco-Romance varieties. For example, Romanian vocatives in -o, Istro-Romanian perfective verb-roots, and probably the Megleno-Romanian first and second person singular endings -um and -iʃ, are all attributable to Slavonic. These cases generally involve loans of ‘morpheme’-like entities, phonological strings associated with a particular grammatical meaning. However, it has recently been suggested (e.g., by Elson, 2017) that certain Romanian paradigmatic patterns of root allomorphy in the verb, notably those involving the effects of palatalization, are influenced by Slavonic models. Some of these patterns appear to be of a qualitatively different kind from run-of-the-mill ‘morphemic’ loans, in that they are autonomously morphological, and cannot be associated within any coherent grammatical meaning. The borrowing of such purely morphological patterns under conditions of language contact has not hitherto been attested in the literature on language contact, and the evidence for such cases in Romanian deserves careful scrutiny. Unfortunately, the arguments provided for these putative borrowings can be shown to be rest on seriously flawed assumptions. Examination of those arguments serves to focus our attention on the kind of criteria that need generally to be met if the effects of language contact in morphology (or any other domain) are to be plausibly demonstrated. In particular, I shall emphasize the need for appeals to language contact carefully to exploit the full range of available comparative evidence, and to establish rigorous criteria to exclude the possibility that apparent contact effects are explicable by factors internal to the history of the recipient language.
毫无争议的是,斯拉夫语言影响了罗马尼亚语和与其密切相关的达科罗曼语变种的僵化形态。例如,罗马尼亚语中-o的动词性动词,伊斯特罗-罗马尼亚语的完成动词词根,可能还有megleno -罗马尼亚语的第一人称和第二人称单数词尾-um和-i / h,都可归因于斯拉夫语。这些情况通常涉及“语素”类实体的借用,与特定语法意义相关的语音字符串。然而,最近有人提出(例如Elson, 2017),动词中某些罗马尼亚语根异型的范式,特别是那些涉及腭化效应的范式,受到斯拉夫模式的影响。其中一些模式似乎与普通的“语素”借词在性质上有所不同,因为它们是自主形态的,不能与任何连贯的语法意义联系起来。在语言接触的条件下借用这种纯粹的形态模式迄今尚未在语言接触的文献中得到证实,罗马尼亚语中这种情况的证据值得仔细审查。不幸的是,为这些假定的借款提供的论据可以证明是建立在有严重缺陷的假设之上的。对这些论点的考察有助于把我们的注意力集中在语言接触在形态学(或任何其他领域)上的影响要得到合理论证,通常需要满足的那种标准上。我将特别强调,需要谨慎地呼吁语言接触,以充分利用现有的各种比较证据,并建立严格的标准,以排除明显的接触效果可以用接受国语言历史内部因素来解释的可能性。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of Language Contact
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