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Birthrate politics in Zion: Judaism, nationalism, and modernity under the British mandate 锡安的出生率政治:英国委任下的犹太教、民族主义和现代性
IF 0.2 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2019.1633144
E. Ayalon
note that the evasive and contradictory character of his positions was due also to the fact that Jabotinsky was not only a politician. He was also an artist, a playwright, an author, a thinker, and a poet. This is what makes him unique, and it also contributes to his complexity and to his strengths and weaknesses as a politician. Heller’s captivating and important book adds an important dimension to our understanding of Jabotinsky, though it would seem that his character will continue to be open to further interpretation in the future.
值得注意的是,他的立场具有回避和矛盾的特点,这也是因为贾博廷斯基不仅仅是一名政治家。他还是一位艺术家、剧作家、作家、思想家和诗人。这就是他与众不同的地方,也助长了他的复杂性以及他作为一名政治家的长处和短处。海勒这本引人入胜且重要的书为我们理解贾博廷斯基增加了一个重要的维度,尽管他的角色在未来似乎将继续接受进一步的解读。
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引用次数: 0
Haifa: City of steps – landscape and literature of Hadar HaCarmel 海法:阶梯之城——哈达尔·哈卡梅尔的景观与文学
IF 0.2 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2019.1637137
T. Goren
thus less tangible than the economic situation of the Yishuv. The second implicit assumption is that married couples had penetrative intercourse regularly. Challenging this assumption, it is interesting that the National Council’s Committee in Birthrate Problems did not encourage people to engage in sex more frequently. This, perhaps, can indicate that sex was considered an even more personal issue than pregnancy and abortion. To conclude, Rosenberg-Friedman’s important and thought-provoking book is written from the perspective of social history, offering an integrative look at the numerous aspects of this issue including women’s lives, families’ lives, household management, doctors’ work, conditions in hospitals, demographers’ work, and public opinion. Rosenberg-Friedman demonstrates how the issue of birthrate reveals the Yishuv society in its complexity, in terms of gender relations, ethnic and class divisions, clashing ideals, and an intricate collective mission in a tumultuous period.
因此不如伊苏夫人的经济状况那么明显。第二个隐含的假设是,已婚夫妇有规律地进行性交。对这一假设提出质疑的是,有趣的是,全国委员会的出生问题委员会并没有鼓励人们更频繁地进行性行为。这也许表明,性被认为是一个比怀孕和堕胎更私人的问题。总之,Rosenberg Friedman的这本重要而发人深省的书是从社会史的角度写的,对这个问题的许多方面进行了综合考察,包括女性生活、家庭生活、家庭管理、医生工作、医院条件、人口学家工作和公众舆论。Rosenberg Friedman展示了出生率问题如何揭示伊舒夫社会的复杂性,包括性别关系、种族和阶级划分、理想冲突,以及动荡时期复杂的集体使命。
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引用次数: 0
A Rising Tide? Mixed families in Israel 涨潮?以色列的混血家庭
IF 0.2 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2017.1555935
Sylvie Fogiel-Bijaoui
Over the past few years, scholars have shown a growing interest in mixed families and mixedness. This is reflected in numerous articles and books as well as in special issues of prominent journals devoted to the topic, such as The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science in 2015, Ethnicities in 2016, and Recherches Familiales in 2017. Quite surprisingly, and despite the growing interest in this issue, there is no agreedupon scholarly definition of mixedness. A common definition of mixed families, however, is that they are constituted by unconventional and even forbidden marriage or by unions between individuals who belong to specific groups—such as race, nation, class, ethnicity, religion, or some combination of these—that are constructed, depending on the time, the place, and the context, as “different” and socially “distant.”Accordingly, it is also assumed that by their very nature mixed families threaten the social order and collective identities by challenging the prevailing endogamous marital norms and by creating new spaces that disrupt social hierarchies. Moreover, by forming bridges between different groups in society they redraw social boundaries that divide or demarcate individuals and groups and indeed may change societal mainstreams. Also, it is generally agreed that these “barrier-breaking” families are becoming more common, for not only are they part of the globalization process and its intense migration flows, they are also boosted by the continual development of knowledge exchange, global tourism, sports and art, transport, communication, and medical technologies; the emergence of transnational marriage markets; and the growing diversification of family forms. At the current stage of research, it can be argued that the growing body of scholarship already provides us with pivotal insights into the ways that mixedness is formed, lived, contested, fought against, or celebrated, in terms of both the individual and society. It can also be assumed that in the future this research trend will continue, because, as scholars argue, academia itself has a substantial role to play in conceptualizing these processes. Yet, despite the ever-growing number of families that are mixed across national, cultural, racial, and religious boundaries worldwide, it appears that most of the existing research and theorizing on mixedness relates to Western countries, with a special emphasis on English-speaking, North American, and British contexts, where most of the research is carried out. Consequently, research on mixedness in the global village is
在过去的几年里,学者们对混血家庭和混血表现出越来越大的兴趣。这反映在许多文章和书籍以及专门讨论该主题的著名期刊的特刊中,例如2015年的《美国政治与社会科学院年鉴》、2016年的《种族》和2017年的《家庭研究》。令人惊讶的是,尽管人们对这个问题的兴趣越来越大,但对“混杂”的学术定义还没有达成一致。然而,对混合家庭的一个常见定义是,它们是由非常规的甚至被禁止的婚姻或属于特定群体的个体之间的结合构成的——比如种族、国家、阶级、种族、宗教或这些群体的某种组合——根据时间、地点和背景,这些群体被构建为“不同的”和社会上的“遥远的”。因此,人们还认为,就其本质而言,混合家庭挑战了普遍存在的内婚婚姻规范,并创造了破坏社会等级制度的新空间,从而威胁到社会秩序和集体身份。此外,通过在社会中不同群体之间建立桥梁,它们重新划定了划分个人和群体的社会界限,甚至可能改变社会主流。此外,人们普遍认为,这些"打破障碍"的家庭正变得越来越普遍,因为它们不仅是全球化进程及其密集移民流动的一部分,而且还受到知识交流、全球旅游、体育和艺术、运输、通信和医疗技术不断发展的推动;跨国婚姻市场的出现;以及家庭形式的日益多样化。在目前的研究阶段,可以说,越来越多的学术研究已经为我们提供了关键的见解,让我们了解混合是如何形成的,生活的,争论的,反对的,或庆祝的,从个人和社会的角度来看。也可以假设,这种研究趋势将在未来继续下去,因为正如学者们所认为的那样,学术界本身在概念化这些过程方面发挥着重要作用。然而,尽管世界范围内跨越国家、文化、种族和宗教界限的混血家庭数量不断增加,但似乎大多数现有的关于混血的研究和理论都与西方国家有关,特别强调英语、北美和英国的背景,大多数研究都是在这些国家进行的。因此,对地球村的混杂性的研究是
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引用次数: 9
Fighting intermarriage in the Holy Land: Lehava and Israeli ethnonationalism 圣地反对异族通婚:勒哈瓦和以色列民族主义
IF 0.2 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2018.1466468
A. Engelberg
ABSTRACT Lehava is an Israeli extreme right-wing organization dedicated to fighting intermarriage and especially preventing Arab men from courting Jewish women. This article presents the results of an ethnographic research on Lehava. The organization is examined in the context of growing Jewish ethno-nationalism in Israel and the contingent development of new urban extreme right-wing movements. The research presents an initial foray into this field. Lehava brings together traditional Mizrahim, teenagers from the margins of Haredi society, and the extreme right-wing fringes of Religious Zionism. The elements that attract members of these various groups are described, especially the patriarchal notion that religious and national honor is lost when Jewish women have sexual relations with Arab men. Lehava’s positioning between extreme right-wing movements and religious organizations is explained. It is suggested that local elements including the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and Israeli ethnic and class relations play a role in shaping this phenomenon, and that it is also comparable to similar cases occurring in the context of postcolonial national and religious struggles.
Lehava是一个以色列极右翼组织,致力于反对异族通婚,特别是阻止阿拉伯男人追求犹太女人。本文介绍了一项关于勒哈瓦的民族志研究的结果。该组织在以色列日益增长的犹太民族主义和新的城市极端右翼运动的偶然发展的背景下进行审查。这项研究是对这一领域的初步探索。Lehava汇集了传统的Mizrahim,来自Haredi社会边缘的青少年,以及宗教犹太复国主义的极右翼边缘。书中描述了吸引这些不同群体成员的因素,尤其是当犹太妇女与阿拉伯男子发生性关系时,宗教和国家荣誉就会丧失的父权观念。解释了Lehava在极右翼运动和宗教组织之间的定位。本文认为,包括以色列-巴勒斯坦冲突和以色列种族和阶级关系在内的地方因素在形成这一现象方面发挥了作用,并且它也与后殖民时期民族和宗教斗争背景下发生的类似案例相似。
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引用次数: 12
When “Mixed” Marriages Fall Apart: A Socio-Legal Perspective 当“混合”婚姻破裂:一个社会法律视角
IF 0.2 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2018.1541650
I. Shahar
ABSTRACT This article sheds light on the socio-legal implications of the dissolution of “mixed” marriages. By analyzing two legal cases decided by Israeli shari‘a and civil courts, the article shows how such dissolution transforms the map of social conflicts and coalitions that was formed when the marital union was established. It illustrates how the ex-spouses’ families and communities are drawn into the custody struggles following the divorce, and how communal/religious courts may side with the spouse of the same community/religion. It argues that ex-spouses who converted to their partners’ religion – more often women than men – might be disadvantaged by this situation, and demonstrates how courts and parties to the postmarital intercommunal conflict infuse the concept of the “child’s best interests” with diverse cultural meanings.
摘要本文揭示了“混合”婚姻解除的社会法律含义。通过分析以色列伊斯兰教法和民事法院判决的两个法律案件,本文展示了这种解散如何改变了婚姻联盟建立时形成的社会冲突和联盟的地图。它说明了离婚后,前配偶的家庭和社区是如何卷入监护权斗争的,以及社区/宗教法庭是如何站在同一社区/宗教的配偶一边的。报告认为,改信伴侣宗教的前配偶——通常是女性而不是男性——可能在这种情况下处于不利地位,并表明法院和婚后社区间冲突的各方如何将“儿童最大利益”的概念注入不同的文化含义。
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引用次数: 3
Sleeping with the ‘Enemy’: Mixed Marriages in the Israeli Media 与“敌人”同床共枕:以色列媒体中的异族婚姻
IF 0.2 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2018.1545820
Sylvie Fogiel-Bijaoui
ABSTRACT In this article, I analyze how the mainstream media in Israel, increasingly shaped by social media, constructs a story about a mixed marriage between an Israeli woman, who was raised as Jewish and had converted to Islam, and a Israeli Muslim-Arab man. Referring to 57 items published mainly in August 2014 (during the Third Gaza War), a “human rights,” a “Romeo and Juliette,” and an “assimilation” discourses are identified. Mixedness appears as part of the democratization of Israel in the first and second discourses; in the third one, mixedness appears as a threat to the Jewish state. The growing impact of the new media is also referred to.
摘要在这篇文章中,我分析了以色列主流媒体是如何在社交媒体的影响下,构建一个关于一名犹太女性和一名以色列穆斯林阿拉伯男性的混合婚姻的故事的,一种“人权”,一种“罗密欧与朱丽叶”,以及一种“同化”话语。混合性作为以色列民主化的一部分出现在第一和第二话语中;在第三个案例中,混合性似乎对犹太国家构成了威胁。还提到了新媒体日益增长的影响力。
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引用次数: 6
Ethnoreligious intermarriage in Israel: an exploration of the 2008 census 以色列的非宗教通婚:2008年人口普查的探索
IF 0.2 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2018.1532565
S. DellaPergola
ABSTRACT Since its establishment, Israel’s population has included individuals associated with different religions and ethnic groups. The literature on religious intermarriage in Israel is not abundant. This probably reflects the relative paucity of cases in relation to a total population that has overwhelmingly tended to perform endogamous marriages – within the Jewish population but also within each of the other main religious groups. It probably also reflects negative normative attitudes towards the phenomenon. This paper presents previously unpublished data on the religious composition of couples, as it is covered in Israel’s population census of 2008. We evaluate the overall frequency of intermarriage across religions, according to the combination of spouses from four main religion categories (Jewish, Muslim, Christian, Other), and the frequency of Jewish religious intermarriage by selected sociodemographic characteristics of spouses (sex, age, year of immigration, educational attainment, district and main cities of residence).
摘要以色列自建国以来,人口中就包括了与不同宗教和种族群体有联系的个人。关于以色列宗教通婚的文献并不丰富。这可能反映出,相对于绝大多数倾向于实行一夫多妻制婚姻的总人口而言,案件相对较少——在犹太人口中,也在其他主要宗教团体中。这可能也反映了对这一现象的消极规范态度。这篇论文介绍了以前未发表的关于夫妇宗教组成的数据,正如2008年以色列人口普查所涵盖的那样。我们根据来自四个主要宗教类别(犹太、穆斯林、基督教、其他)的配偶的组合,评估不同宗教通婚的总体频率,并根据配偶的选定社会人口特征(性别、年龄、移民年份、教育程度、居住区和主要城市)评估犹太宗教通婚的频率。
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引用次数: 13
Israel’s Citizenship Policy towards Family Immigrants: Developments and Implications 以色列对家庭移民的公民政策:发展和影响
IF 0.2 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2018.1545676
A. Shapira
ABSTRACT This paper examines changes that have occurred in Israel’s citizenship policy towards family immigrants since the early 1990s, when it became a country of immigration. Its findings indicate that Israel now has a much more restrictive policy towards Palestinian family immigrants, and a somewhat more inclusive policy concerning the naturalization of various other groups of family immigrants. In a broader perspective, while there is evidence that the influence of the liberal perception of citizenship on policy-making processes has increased in some respects, this process has occurred within an overall ethnic, even ethnicizing, context. Accordingly, the inclusive trend toward non-Olim, non-Palestinian family immigrants may stem not only from a process of liberalization within Israeli society. Rather, it may also serve ethnic motivations by absorbing immigrants who are likely to eventually join the Jewish, or at least non-Arab, sector.
摘要本文考察了自20世纪90年代初以色列成为移民国家以来,其家庭移民的公民政策发生的变化。它的调查结果表明,以色列现在对巴勒斯坦家庭移民有更严格的限制政策,对其他各种家庭移民群体的入籍则有更包容的政策。从更广泛的角度来看,虽然有证据表明,自由主义的公民观念对决策过程的影响在某些方面有所增加,但这一过程是在整体的种族、甚至种族化背景下发生的。因此,对非奥利姆、非巴勒斯坦家庭移民的包容趋势可能不仅源于以色列社会内部的自由化进程。相反,它也可能通过吸收最终可能加入犹太人,或至少是非阿拉伯人的移民,为种族动机服务。
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引用次数: 2
On the Faultline: Israelis of Mixed Ethnicity 论断层线:混血以色列人
IF 0.2 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2018.1545732
Tal Sagiv
ABSTRACT This study of offspring of parents of mixed ethnicities demonstrates how persistent ethnic identities are. A case study of Israelis born into ethnically-mixed marriages between Ashkenazi and Mizrahi parents, it reveals the ambivalence expressed by respondents about their dual ethnic inheritance. While romanticizing their mixed ethnicity, respondents take issue with the dominance of one side of their family over the other. The study provides evidence of this ambivalence and advances the conclusion that ethnic conflicts cannot be solved by ethnically-mixed coupling. Rather, these families still mirror and inadvertently reproduce the ethnic gaps that they promised to eliminate.
摘要:这项对混血父母后代的研究表明,种族认同是如何持久的。通过对德系犹太人和米兹拉希人混血婚姻中出生的以色列人的案例研究,揭示了受访者对他们的双重种族继承所表达的矛盾心理。在浪漫化他们的混合种族的同时,受访者对他们家庭中一方对另一方的主导地位提出了质疑。本研究为这种矛盾心理提供了证据,并提出了种族-混合耦合不能解决种族冲突的结论。相反,这些家庭仍然反映并无意中再现了他们承诺要消除的种族差距。
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引用次数: 11
German, Non-Jewish Spousal and Partner Migrants in Israel: The Normalisation of Germanness and the Dominance of Jewishness 以色列的德国、非犹太配偶和伴侣移民:德国性的正常化和犹太性的主导地位
IF 0.2 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2018.1548297
Dani Kranz
ABSTRACT Are German non-Jewish partner/spousal migrants a discrete group in Israel, given the unique history of Israel and Germany, or do they form part of Israel’s wider, if stratified, non-Jewish migrant population, a group that is subject to restrictive policies? Do German partner/spousal migrants share similar experiences with other non-Jewish partner/spousal migrants from countries of the global north? The article considers the overarching issue regarding whether, and to what degree, the German/Jewish/Israeli dynamics of the past and present affect the sense of belonging or de-belonging within the Israeli setting, how these issues impact the family constellation, the specific factors that influence the construction of belonging/de-belonging within the Israeli Jewish majority, and whether non-Jewishness overshadows being German.
摘要:鉴于以色列和德国的独特历史,德国的非犹太伴侣/配偶移民在以色列是一个离散的群体吗?还是他们是以色列更广泛的非犹太移民群体的一部分,即使是分层的,也是一个受限制性政策约束的群体?德国伴侣/配偶移民与来自全球北方国家的其他非犹太伴侣/配偶移徙者有相似的经历吗?这篇文章考虑了一个首要问题,即过去和现在的德国/犹太/以色列动态是否以及在多大程度上影响以色列环境中的归属感或不归属感,这些问题如何影响家庭结构,影响以色列犹太多数群体内归属感/不归属感构建的具体因素,以及非犹太人身份是否掩盖了身为德国人的身份。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of Israeli History
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