Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2021.2025990
Amit Assis
ABSTRACT Trumpeldor’s last words, “it is good to die for our country,” have been celebrated since his death as a fulfillment of Zionist ideals, but were devaluated as decades went by. I contend that this change is not only a change of evaluation, which followed a change in Zionist pioneering ideology, but primarily a change in interpretation. In the historical context of the 1920s, the sentence had a different meaning: it was an authentic expression of experiences that dissipated in favor of ideological propaganda. Due to historical circumstances, in the 1920s the inevitability of death was taken for granted. Therefore, Trumpeldor’s sentence was not understood by his contemporaneous comrades as a preference of death over life but as a dedication of life, as well as its impending end, to a noble cause. Half a century later, as the situation changed and Jews became more optimistic about their future in the Land of Israel, the earlier experience faded and was forgotten, and the understanding of Trumpeldor’s last words changed.
{"title":"It was good to die in the twenties: Trumpeldor’s last words in their historical context","authors":"Amit Assis","doi":"10.1080/13531042.2021.2025990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13531042.2021.2025990","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Trumpeldor’s last words, “it is good to die for our country,” have been celebrated since his death as a fulfillment of Zionist ideals, but were devaluated as decades went by. I contend that this change is not only a change of evaluation, which followed a change in Zionist pioneering ideology, but primarily a change in interpretation. In the historical context of the 1920s, the sentence had a different meaning: it was an authentic expression of experiences that dissipated in favor of ideological propaganda. Due to historical circumstances, in the 1920s the inevitability of death was taken for granted. Therefore, Trumpeldor’s sentence was not understood by his contemporaneous comrades as a preference of death over life but as a dedication of life, as well as its impending end, to a noble cause. Half a century later, as the situation changed and Jews became more optimistic about their future in the Land of Israel, the earlier experience faded and was forgotten, and the understanding of Trumpeldor’s last words changed.","PeriodicalId":43363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Israeli History","volume":"39 1","pages":"55 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42120708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2021.2011881
Tamar Hager, Smadar Sinai
ABSTRACT Among those who died in the battle at Tel Hai were two young women, Dvora Drachler and Sarah Chizik. Although they were the first women to be killed in a Yishuv battle, and were treated with honor immediately after their death, their commemoration as female warriors were never established, and their public memory was faded. This article explores the way in which Drachler and Chizik, negotiated gender norms by their life choices, including their staying in Tel Hai. It argues that each of them obeyed and rebelled against these norms in different ways. The article also claims that their gender identity affected their fate as subjects during the battle as well as their position in historical memory.
{"title":"New Hebrew heroines? The inclusion and exclusion of Dvora Drachler and Sara Chizik in the Tel Hai Myth","authors":"Tamar Hager, Smadar Sinai","doi":"10.1080/13531042.2021.2011881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13531042.2021.2011881","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Among those who died in the battle at Tel Hai were two young women, Dvora Drachler and Sarah Chizik. Although they were the first women to be killed in a Yishuv battle, and were treated with honor immediately after their death, their commemoration as female warriors were never established, and their public memory was faded. This article explores the way in which Drachler and Chizik, negotiated gender norms by their life choices, including their staying in Tel Hai. It argues that each of them obeyed and rebelled against these norms in different ways. The article also claims that their gender identity affected their fate as subjects during the battle as well as their position in historical memory.","PeriodicalId":43363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Israeli History","volume":"39 1","pages":"129 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46620822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2021.2005300
Meir Chazan
ABSTRACT Degania and Tel Hai were woven together as microcosms of the aspirations, failures, wishes, and yearnings for Jewish resurrection and independence in Palestine. I investigate the ways in which the connections, tensions, and residues that linked and separated Degania and Tel Hai were gradually braided into one – including their reflections and symbolizations in the realia of the Yishuv generally and in its socialist sector particularly. By contemplating these issues it is possible to observe the worlds of values and politics that guided the actions of the Zionist Labor Movement in Palestine during the first half of the twentieth century.
{"title":"The duality of legacies: Degania’s world and Trumpeldor’s way","authors":"Meir Chazan","doi":"10.1080/13531042.2021.2005300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13531042.2021.2005300","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Degania and Tel Hai were woven together as microcosms of the aspirations, failures, wishes, and yearnings for Jewish resurrection and independence in Palestine. I investigate the ways in which the connections, tensions, and residues that linked and separated Degania and Tel Hai were gradually braided into one – including their reflections and symbolizations in the realia of the Yishuv generally and in its socialist sector particularly. By contemplating these issues it is possible to observe the worlds of values and politics that guided the actions of the Zionist Labor Movement in Palestine during the first half of the twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":43363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Israeli History","volume":"39 1","pages":"35 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43659629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2021.1981001
Ian S. Lustick
{"title":"Israel’s regime untangled: Between democracy and apartheid","authors":"Ian S. Lustick","doi":"10.1080/13531042.2021.1981001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13531042.2021.1981001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Israeli History","volume":"39 1","pages":"174 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41618785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2021.2018796
Mustafa Abbasi
ABSTRACT The study of the 1920 Tel Hai incident from a purely local perspective does not provide an accurate, in-depth explanation for the outbreak of violence in the Huleh Valley. This article contextualizes this incident within the events occurring in Syria and Lebanon during 1919–1920. It does so in order to understand the extent to which the Tel Hai incident was a local event, related to the Zionist-Palestinian conflict, or part of waves of violence that had spread over large areas of Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine.
{"title":"From Aleppo to Tel Hai: The events of Tel Hai and the new order in Greater Syria in 1919-1920","authors":"Mustafa Abbasi","doi":"10.1080/13531042.2021.2018796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13531042.2021.2018796","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study of the 1920 Tel Hai incident from a purely local perspective does not provide an accurate, in-depth explanation for the outbreak of violence in the Huleh Valley. This article contextualizes this incident within the events occurring in Syria and Lebanon during 1919–1920. It does so in order to understand the extent to which the Tel Hai incident was a local event, related to the Zionist-Palestinian conflict, or part of waves of violence that had spread over large areas of Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine.","PeriodicalId":43363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Israeli History","volume":"39 1","pages":"67 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47940213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2021.1904544
D. Ohana
ABSTRACT The article examines Amos Oz’s political and social outlook through four topoi that constitute his books, articles and correspondence: The first concerns his dialectics with Israel’s Mediterranean character, from his affinity to Albert Camus to his treatment of Ashdod as a metaphor for Mediterraneanism; the second is the Zionist-crusader analogy in the literature and poetry of his contemporaries, and particularly A. B. Yehoshua and Dahlia Ravikovitch; the third topic is Oz’s oppositionality to the political actualization of messianism on the gamut from Ben-Gurion to “Gush Emunim”; and the fourth issue relates to Oz’s controversy with what I have branded as “Canaanite Messianism,” namely those who promote expansionism toward Greater Israel. Together, these combined perspectives unfold Oz’s humanist vision on the future of the State of Israel.
{"title":"Amos Oz: A humanist in the darkness","authors":"D. Ohana","doi":"10.1080/13531042.2021.1904544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13531042.2021.1904544","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article examines Amos Oz’s political and social outlook through four topoi that constitute his books, articles and correspondence: The first concerns his dialectics with Israel’s Mediterranean character, from his affinity to Albert Camus to his treatment of Ashdod as a metaphor for Mediterraneanism; the second is the Zionist-crusader analogy in the literature and poetry of his contemporaries, and particularly A. B. Yehoshua and Dahlia Ravikovitch; the third topic is Oz’s oppositionality to the political actualization of messianism on the gamut from Ben-Gurion to “Gush Emunim”; and the fourth issue relates to Oz’s controversy with what I have branded as “Canaanite Messianism,” namely those who promote expansionism toward Greater Israel. Together, these combined perspectives unfold Oz’s humanist vision on the future of the State of Israel.","PeriodicalId":43363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Israeli History","volume":"38 1","pages":"329 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13531042.2021.1904544","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48139648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2020.1861498
V. Shemtov
ABSTRACT Throughout his career, Amos Oz explored different kinds of narrations that would enable him to capture both the story of individuals and the voices of the collective. The stories often presented a tension between the first person singular and the first person plural narration. In A Tale of Love and Darkness, Oz finally found a harmonious and comfortable way to speak and write in what I define as his “fluid I-Us” voice. I argue that a key to understanding the new and poetic I of A Tale of Love and Darkness is the 1999 book The Same Sea, which preceded the memoir. This book was the first fictional work by Oz to include his biographical self. In this book, Oz experimented with prose poetry, and with the narrative possibilities that the lyrical “I” can introduce into his work.
{"title":"“Now we shall reveal a little secret” first person plural and lyrical fluidity in the works of Amos Oz","authors":"V. Shemtov","doi":"10.1080/13531042.2020.1861498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13531042.2020.1861498","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Throughout his career, Amos Oz explored different kinds of narrations that would enable him to capture both the story of individuals and the voices of the collective. The stories often presented a tension between the first person singular and the first person plural narration. In A Tale of Love and Darkness, Oz finally found a harmonious and comfortable way to speak and write in what I define as his “fluid I-Us” voice. I argue that a key to understanding the new and poetic I of A Tale of Love and Darkness is the 1999 book The Same Sea, which preceded the memoir. This book was the first fictional work by Oz to include his biographical self. In this book, Oz experimented with prose poetry, and with the narrative possibilities that the lyrical “I” can introduce into his work.","PeriodicalId":43363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Israeli History","volume":"38 1","pages":"349 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13531042.2020.1861498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45990888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2020.1935332
Arie M. Dubnov
ABSTRACT Often regarded as the country’s leading intellectual, the Israeli novelist and political essayist Amos Oz (1939–2018) was fond of describing himself as using two different pens, the first used to write work of prose and fiction, and the other – to criticize the government and advocate for a political change. The idea behind this special issue is to revisit the two pens parable by bringing together scholars from various disciplines to assess Amos Oz’s dual role in Israeli culture and society as an immensely popular novelist and a leading public intellectual. Next to offering an intellectual portrait, this introduction highlights some of Oz’s seminal works, examines their reception, revisits key political and literary debates he was involved in, and traces some of the connections between the two realms of his activity.
{"title":"Introduction: Amos Oz’s two pens","authors":"Arie M. Dubnov","doi":"10.1080/13531042.2020.1935332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13531042.2020.1935332","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Often regarded as the country’s leading intellectual, the Israeli novelist and political essayist Amos Oz (1939–2018) was fond of describing himself as using two different pens, the first used to write work of prose and fiction, and the other – to criticize the government and advocate for a political change. The idea behind this special issue is to revisit the two pens parable by bringing together scholars from various disciplines to assess Amos Oz’s dual role in Israeli culture and society as an immensely popular novelist and a leading public intellectual. Next to offering an intellectual portrait, this introduction highlights some of Oz’s seminal works, examines their reception, revisits key political and literary debates he was involved in, and traces some of the connections between the two realms of his activity.","PeriodicalId":43363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Israeli History","volume":"38 1","pages":"233 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13531042.2020.1935332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43246266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2020.1874674
Omri Asscher
ABSTRACT This article offers a discussion of Amos Oz’s early translation and reception history in the American literary scene. The article pays particular attention to Oz’s double capacity as novelist and political commentator, and how it may have contributed to the unique role quickly assigned to him in American public and intellectual discourse. Against the backdrop of the formative social and political context of the 1970s, the article suggests some defining traits of the transformation, and ultimately the reduction, of the Israeli Oz into the American Oz. Oz’s works were largely perceived through an allegorical-political framework or pigeonholed as portrayals of the national psyche, while Oz himself was assigned the role of spokesman for the Israeli Left. Oz was actively involved in shaping his political persona and nonfiction repertoire in English, mainly through his (non-)selection of essays for translation, and his interviews and topical commentary in the American press. These, the article shows, were sometimes moderated for the English-speaking audience, diluting the more forceful political criticism the novelist had presented to his Hebrew readers, and abating the description of aspects of Israeli reality that drew his ire.
{"title":"The American Oz: Notes on translation and reception","authors":"Omri Asscher","doi":"10.1080/13531042.2020.1874674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13531042.2020.1874674","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article offers a discussion of Amos Oz’s early translation and reception history in the American literary scene. The article pays particular attention to Oz’s double capacity as novelist and political commentator, and how it may have contributed to the unique role quickly assigned to him in American public and intellectual discourse. Against the backdrop of the formative social and political context of the 1970s, the article suggests some defining traits of the transformation, and ultimately the reduction, of the Israeli Oz into the American Oz. Oz’s works were largely perceived through an allegorical-political framework or pigeonholed as portrayals of the national psyche, while Oz himself was assigned the role of spokesman for the Israeli Left. Oz was actively involved in shaping his political persona and nonfiction repertoire in English, mainly through his (non-)selection of essays for translation, and his interviews and topical commentary in the American press. These, the article shows, were sometimes moderated for the English-speaking audience, diluting the more forceful political criticism the novelist had presented to his Hebrew readers, and abating the description of aspects of Israeli reality that drew his ire.","PeriodicalId":43363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Israeli History","volume":"58 47","pages":"303 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13531042.2020.1874674","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41285415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2020.1878642
N. Stahl
ABSTRACT This article examines Oz’s novel The Same Sea (1999) and argues that it marks the novelist’s attempt to join a new phase in Israeli literature. Comparing The Same Sea to two novels by Yoel Hoffmann, one of the most famous representatives of this phase, the article sheds light on Oz’s struggle to balance between the writing norms that helped establish his status as “the shaman of the tribe” and the new norms, associated with Israeli postmodernism.
{"title":"“Like a cow that gave birth to a seagull”: Amos Oz, Yoel Hoffmann and the birth of The Same Sea","authors":"N. Stahl","doi":"10.1080/13531042.2020.1878642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13531042.2020.1878642","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines Oz’s novel The Same Sea (1999) and argues that it marks the novelist’s attempt to join a new phase in Israeli literature. Comparing The Same Sea to two novels by Yoel Hoffmann, one of the most famous representatives of this phase, the article sheds light on Oz’s struggle to balance between the writing norms that helped establish his status as “the shaman of the tribe” and the new norms, associated with Israeli postmodernism.","PeriodicalId":43363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Israeli History","volume":"38 1","pages":"369 - 387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13531042.2020.1878642","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43142160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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