Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2019.1717777
Dan Tamïr
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Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2019.1717749
Y. Ben-Bassat
{"title":"Arabs and Jews in Ottoman Palestine: Two worlds collide","authors":"Y. Ben-Bassat","doi":"10.1080/13531042.2019.1717749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13531042.2019.1717749","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Israeli History","volume":"37 1","pages":"280 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13531042.2019.1717749","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41811981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2019.1714174
M. Berkowitz, Daniel Mahla
This special issue of The Journal of Israeli History reflects on the development of complicated relationships between the yishuv, and later, the State of Israel, with Jews worldwide, including those who identify with the Zionist movement while mainly residing outside of Palestine and Israel. The characterization of such relationships were (and are) frequently couched in emotionally-charged terms, ranging from ardent love and a fervent embrace, to cold distance suffused with contempt and rejection. In a great deal of Zionist and Israeli discourse, “diaspora,” the term most frequently used for Jewish communities beyond the yishuv and Israel, infers that the Land of Israel is the center, and the Diaspora, the periphery. Those living outside of the exalted center are denigrated as spiritually diminished, purportedly endemic to galut and exile. In Zionist mythology, individual and collective redemption is exclusively attained by making aliyah and settling in the Land of Israel. Such vague and quasi-mystical hyperbole has long been inextricably bound with the earthly politics of Zionism and the vicissitudes of approaches to Israel. But while Zion as a messianic utopia, the shape of which depends on one’s variety of Jewishness, remains an abstract ideal, the Zionist movement and the State of Israel has played a variety of roles with regard to Jews and their communities. And since its creation in 1948, Israel has stimulated and helped shape the perceptions and self-perceptions of Jews around the world. These communities have simultaneously influenced Israeli culture, society and politics. Populationmovement in both directions is a key element of these relations asmigrants serve as agents of transcultural exchange and considerably determine mutual perceptions. These complex and multilayered relations and their representations were the common theme of a workshop held at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich in May 2016. Most of the contributions to this volume were, in their earlier incarnations, presented at this workshop. Each of them, however, have been expanded and revised according to the stipulation of the editors and anonymous readers for the journal, to whom the editors express their gratitude. The first article, “Early Danish Zionism and the Ethnification of the Danish Jews,” by Maja Gildin Zuckerman, explores the early Zionist movement as an agent of change in the entire Danish Jewish community. The scrutiny of Danish Zionism, despite being a distinct minoritywithin-a-minority phenomenon, enhances our understanding of the impact of incipient Zionism precisely through the organizational means by which the movement’s adherents
{"title":"Israel and Jewish communities worldwide: New approaches and directions","authors":"M. Berkowitz, Daniel Mahla","doi":"10.1080/13531042.2019.1714174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13531042.2019.1714174","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue of The Journal of Israeli History reflects on the development of complicated relationships between the yishuv, and later, the State of Israel, with Jews worldwide, including those who identify with the Zionist movement while mainly residing outside of Palestine and Israel. The characterization of such relationships were (and are) frequently couched in emotionally-charged terms, ranging from ardent love and a fervent embrace, to cold distance suffused with contempt and rejection. In a great deal of Zionist and Israeli discourse, “diaspora,” the term most frequently used for Jewish communities beyond the yishuv and Israel, infers that the Land of Israel is the center, and the Diaspora, the periphery. Those living outside of the exalted center are denigrated as spiritually diminished, purportedly endemic to galut and exile. In Zionist mythology, individual and collective redemption is exclusively attained by making aliyah and settling in the Land of Israel. Such vague and quasi-mystical hyperbole has long been inextricably bound with the earthly politics of Zionism and the vicissitudes of approaches to Israel. But while Zion as a messianic utopia, the shape of which depends on one’s variety of Jewishness, remains an abstract ideal, the Zionist movement and the State of Israel has played a variety of roles with regard to Jews and their communities. And since its creation in 1948, Israel has stimulated and helped shape the perceptions and self-perceptions of Jews around the world. These communities have simultaneously influenced Israeli culture, society and politics. Populationmovement in both directions is a key element of these relations asmigrants serve as agents of transcultural exchange and considerably determine mutual perceptions. These complex and multilayered relations and their representations were the common theme of a workshop held at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich in May 2016. Most of the contributions to this volume were, in their earlier incarnations, presented at this workshop. Each of them, however, have been expanded and revised according to the stipulation of the editors and anonymous readers for the journal, to whom the editors express their gratitude. The first article, “Early Danish Zionism and the Ethnification of the Danish Jews,” by Maja Gildin Zuckerman, explores the early Zionist movement as an agent of change in the entire Danish Jewish community. The scrutiny of Danish Zionism, despite being a distinct minoritywithin-a-minority phenomenon, enhances our understanding of the impact of incipient Zionism precisely through the organizational means by which the movement’s adherents","PeriodicalId":43363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Israeli History","volume":"37 1","pages":"155 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13531042.2019.1714174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42708735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2019.1674010
Maja Gildin Zuckerman
ABSTRACT From 1897 to 1914, a small group of Danish Zionists presented the Danish Jewish community with a variety of Zionist objectives. In contrast to existing research, I argue that this activism played an important role in the communal change that took place among the Danish Jews before the outbreak of WWI. I identify how the salience of East European immigrants in Copenhagen compelled the self-conceived “ethnically” Danish Jews to reconsider and alter their boundaries of groupness in a significantly different way that resonated with the framework of Jewish groupness invoked earlier by the Zionists.
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Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2019.1705604
J. Grimmeisen
ABSTRACT This article explores Western Jews’ admiration for the new State of Israel on the basis of women’s representation. Pamphlets, biographies, and whole series of fundraiser films, produced by Zionist women’s organizations, depicted Jewish-Israeli women as carriers of democratic values, caring mothers for all of Israel’s population, and courageous fighters for their people’s survival. The Jewish-Israeli woman’s image as “a better human being” served as an intriguing symbol through which Diaspora Jews could identify with the Jewish state and overcome feelings of impotence after the Holocaust in Europe. The idealized representation of Jewish-Israeli women primarily suited Western Jewry’s need for Jewish empowerment.
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Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2019.1645309
J. Becke
ABSTRACT Based on a comparison between Jewish and Sahrawi nationalism, the article introduces James Scott’s theorization of state-evading and state-making societies to the study of Zionist state formation. Given the state-evading features of Jewish Diaspora life (physical dispersion, segmentary kinship, acephalous social structure), the article argues that Zionism might best be compared to the state-making projects of other state-evading communities (including Kurdish, Berber, and Sahrawi nationalism). As an example for this comparative research agenda, the article explores the case of Sahrawi nationalism: While POLISARIO, the national liberation movement of Western Sahara, was consciously modelled after Third World insurgencies in Algeria and Palestine, the Sahrawi proto-state (the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) applies a model of state-driven nation-building that corresponds closely to the statism (mamlakhtiyut) of the Zionist state-in-the-making.
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Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2019.1717752
Tomer Persico
sources such as diaries and memoirs. In addition, the author often quotes “second hand” primary sources in Arabic and Ottoman taken from other works. In this sense the book serves as a very good reader for those interested in state-of-the-art literature, research and sources on very early Jewish-Arab encounters in Ottoman Palestine, particularly during the First Aliyah, but does not contribute a great deal in terms of new findings or sources. It would have been beneficial to include a few maps illustrating the places discussed. The lack of an introduction to the book that would explain its overall aims, sources and methodology, and present its framework, is unusual. There are some inaccuracies and improper usages, especially when it comes to the Ottoman Empire and its research. I, for instance, have never worked on “court records” (p. vii) a term which experts on the Middle East usually reserve for the records of the sharia courts (sijill). The term “Turkey” and “Turks” should not be used when describing the Ottoman Empire and its rulers (p. 6, p. 9, and elsewhere). Unlike the Turkish Republic, which was established in 1923, the Ottoman Empire was fundamentally multireligious, multi-ethnic, and multi-lingual. Sultan “Abdul al-Hamid” is misspelled (p. 102; elsewhere it is written differently). Finally, the common periodization for the First Aliyah in Zionist historiography is 1882–1903 and for the Second Aliyah 1904–1914, whereas for some reason Dowty chose 1882–1905 and 1905–1914 respectively (for instance, see p. 105, p. 113). Nevertheless, overall, Dowty has done tremendous work in integrating numerous sources into a coherent, solid and clear narrative. Anyone who is interested in learning about the initial Zionist – Arab encounter in late Ottoman Palestine would benefit from reading this book.
日记和回忆录等资料来源。此外，作者经常从其他作品中引用阿拉伯语和奥斯曼语的“二手”第一手资料。从这个意义上说，对于那些对奥斯曼巴勒斯坦早期犹太人与阿拉伯人相遇的最新文献、研究和资料感兴趣的人来说，这本书是一本很好的读物，尤其是在第一次阿里亚时期，但在新发现或资料方面贡献不大。如果能附上几张地图来说明讨论过的地方，那就更好了。这本书没有介绍其总体目标、来源和方法，并介绍其框架，这是不寻常的。有一些不准确和不恰当的用法，特别是当涉及到奥斯曼帝国和它的研究。例如，我从来没有从事过“法庭记录”(第七页)的工作，中东问题专家通常把这个词保留给伊斯兰法庭的记录。在描述奥斯曼帝国及其统治者时，不应使用“土耳其”和“土耳其人”这一术语(第6页、第9页和其他地方)。与1923年建立的土耳其共和国不同，奥斯曼帝国基本上是多宗教、多民族和多语言的。Sultan " Abdul al-Hamid "拼写错误(第102页;其他地方的写法不同)。最后，在犹太复国主义史学中，第一次回归的通常年代是1882-1903年，第二次回归的通常年代是1904-1914年，而由于某种原因，Dowty分别选择了1882-1905年和1905-1914年(例如，见第105页和第113页)。尽管如此，总的来说，道蒂在将大量资料整合成连贯、扎实、清晰的叙述方面做了大量工作。任何有兴趣了解早期犹太复国主义者和阿拉伯人在奥斯曼帝国晚期巴勒斯坦遭遇的人都会从这本书中受益。
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Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2019.1717165
Eli Osheroff
{"title":"Preventing Palestine: a political history from Camp David to Oslo","authors":"Eli Osheroff","doi":"10.1080/13531042.2019.1717165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13531042.2019.1717165","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Israeli History","volume":"37 1","pages":"277 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13531042.2019.1717165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44331098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2019.1674011
L. Almagor
ABSTRACT This article explores the relationship between the Jewish Territorialist movement and the State of Israel during the first decade of the Jewish State’s existence. Territorialism was never explicitly anti-Zionist, but it did grow increasingly critical of Zionist policies, especially regarding the Palestinian Arabs, and of Israel’s militaristic character. While their stance vis-à-vis the young state became ever more negative, the Territorialists established contacts with members of the bi-nationalist Ihud movement. The fact that these “atypical” Zionists affiliated themselves with Territorialism during the 1950s demonstrates that May 1948 did not spell the end of alternative expressions of Jewish political behavior.
{"title":"“A highway to battlegrounds”: Jewish territorialism and the State of Israel, 1945–1960","authors":"L. Almagor","doi":"10.1080/13531042.2019.1674011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13531042.2019.1674011","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article explores the relationship between the Jewish Territorialist movement and the State of Israel during the first decade of the Jewish State’s existence. Territorialism was never explicitly anti-Zionist, but it did grow increasingly critical of Zionist policies, especially regarding the Palestinian Arabs, and of Israel’s militaristic character. While their stance vis-à-vis the young state became ever more negative, the Territorialists established contacts with members of the bi-nationalist Ihud movement. The fact that these “atypical” Zionists affiliated themselves with Territorialism during the 1950s demonstrates that May 1948 did not spell the end of alternative expressions of Jewish political behavior.","PeriodicalId":43363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Israeli History","volume":"37 1","pages":"201 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13531042.2019.1674011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42856226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-31DOI: 10.1080/13531042.2019.1703340
M. Berkowitz
ABSTRACT This article explores previously undervalued aspects of Zionist and Israeli visual culture in light of the (newly recognized) significance of Jews in the history of photography. Zionism and the emergence of the State of Israel accrued a great deal of good will and benevolent publicity due to the historical confluence between Jews and the rise of photojournalism especially from the 1920s to the 1950s. The first part of the article focuses on Robert Capa, Chim (David Seymour), and Alfred Eisenstaedt, who were far more important, Berkowitz argues, than expressly Zionist photographers. The piece furthermore details little-known attempts to establish the history of photography as a discipline in Israel under the tutelage of (photographer) Arnold Newman and (photographer and photo-historian) Helmut Gernsheim. Despite the immense overrepresentation of Jews among eminent photographers, and the pioneering roles of Jews in photography, the Hebrew University and Israel Museum could have – but did not – become leading centers for the history of photography.
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