Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the important citrus pests in Nepal, India and Bhutan including China where it was originated. Since 2014/15, the problem of B. minax in sweet orange fruit is being faced by citrus growers in Sindhuli, Nepal. To mitigate the problem of B. minax, Chinese citrus fly in the orchards, afield practice of area wide control program (AWCP) was piloted in the selected 231 citrus orchards for the first time in Sindhuli in 2018 which has been adopted by 1153 citrus growers in 2019. The obvious recessions of mean fruit damage percentages due to B. minax in the sweet orange orchards at different locations in 2018 (range: 3.9 ± 1.1% to 29.7 ± 9.6%) and 2019 (range: 2.6 ± 0.8% to 7.5 ± 2.3%) have been achieved by virtue of B. minax management through AWCP with poisonous protein bait component and sanitation measure in the citrus orchards.
{"title":"Area-Wide Control Program in Management of Chinese Citrus Fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in Citrus Orchards, Sindhuli, Nepal","authors":"D. Adhikari, R. Thapa, S. Joshi, J. Du","doi":"10.3126/aej.v22i0.46784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v22i0.46784","url":null,"abstract":" Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the important citrus pests in Nepal, India and Bhutan including China where it was originated. Since 2014/15, the problem of B. minax in sweet orange fruit is being faced by citrus growers in Sindhuli, Nepal. To mitigate the problem of B. minax, Chinese citrus fly in the orchards, afield practice of area wide control program (AWCP) was piloted in the selected 231 citrus orchards for the first time in Sindhuli in 2018 which has been adopted by 1153 citrus growers in 2019. The obvious recessions of mean fruit damage percentages due to B. minax in the sweet orange orchards at different locations in 2018 (range: 3.9 ± 1.1% to 29.7 ± 9.6%) and 2019 (range: 2.6 ± 0.8% to 7.5 ± 2.3%) have been achieved by virtue of B. minax management through AWCP with poisonous protein bait component and sanitation measure in the citrus orchards.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87552498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rice is a self- pollinating, major staple food crop growing in tropical and having high importance in food security and economy of the country. The study was conducted main season during first week of May to third week of September 2018 in the research field of Gokuleshwor Agriculture and Animal Science College, Baitadi of Sudurpaschim province in 3 replications in Randomized Complete Block Design with 13 local genotypes including 2 improved checks Black rice (G-60) and Sukkha Dhan-3 to evaluate performance of different local rice varieties grown in Gokuleshwor agro-environment. Phenotypic traits like plant height, tiller number, panicle number, panicle length, leaf area index and genotypic traits like thousands kernel weight, grain/panicle, productivity, biological yield and harvest index were the traits evaluated Highest grain yielding genotype was Naka Dhan (7.80ton/ha) and highest thousands kernel weight was found in Chiude (30.33 gm) . Phenotypic coefficient of variation was highest for number of unfilled grains per spike (81.39) followed by leaf area (51.37 cm2) and lowest magnitude was exhibited by number of spike/panicle (26.16) and harvest index (19.44%). The heritability was highest for thousands kernel weight (99.07%) followed by plant height (95.23%) and panicle length (76.34%) and lowest for unfilled grains/spike (41.69%) and yield (41.36%). Correlation study suggested that productivity showed the positive significant association with biological yield (0.896) and harvest index (0.348). Most of other traits have shown positive association with productivity. Thus, Chiude and Naka dhan genotypes could further be used for breeding programmes for the environmental condition of Baitadi district, Nepal.
{"title":"Genetic Variability Study of Local Rice Genotypes","authors":"P. Panth, A. Dahal, K. Upadhyay","doi":"10.3126/aej.v22i0.46811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v22i0.46811","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is a self- pollinating, major staple food crop growing in tropical and having high importance in food security and economy of the country. The study was conducted main season during first week of May to third week of September 2018 in the research field of Gokuleshwor Agriculture and Animal Science College, Baitadi of Sudurpaschim province in 3 replications in Randomized Complete Block Design with 13 local genotypes including 2 improved checks Black rice (G-60) and Sukkha Dhan-3 to evaluate performance of different local rice varieties grown in Gokuleshwor agro-environment. Phenotypic traits like plant height, tiller number, panicle number, panicle length, leaf area index and genotypic traits like thousands kernel weight, grain/panicle, productivity, biological yield and harvest index were the traits evaluated Highest grain yielding genotype was Naka Dhan (7.80ton/ha) and highest thousands kernel weight was found in Chiude (30.33 gm) . Phenotypic coefficient of variation was highest for number of unfilled grains per spike (81.39) followed by leaf area (51.37 cm2) and lowest magnitude was exhibited by number of spike/panicle (26.16) and harvest index (19.44%). The heritability was highest for thousands kernel weight (99.07%) followed by plant height (95.23%) and panicle length (76.34%) and lowest for unfilled grains/spike (41.69%) and yield (41.36%). Correlation study suggested that productivity showed the positive significant association with biological yield (0.896) and harvest index (0.348). Most of other traits have shown positive association with productivity. Thus, Chiude and Naka dhan genotypes could further be used for breeding programmes for the environmental condition of Baitadi district, Nepal.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87715131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) is a major pest of rice at storage condition in Nepal. A lab experiment was conducted for varietal screening of rice genotypes against S. oryzae at the National Rice Research Program, Hardinath, Dhanusha, Nepal in 2020. The study was carried out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in a three replicates. Fifty gram of each seven popular rice genotypes i.e Sambha Mansuli Sub-1, Ramdhan, Radha-11, Bahuguni-1, Bahuguni-2, Hardinath-2 and Lalka Basmati were used to screen the potential weevil resistant rice cultivars. Ten pairs of newly emerged adult S. oryzae of uniform age obtained from stock culture were released in each plastic jar in no-choice tests, while twenty five pairs of S. oryzae were released in the center, in choice tests. Results were evaluated based on the grain damage percent, weight loss percent, and total live weevil population for 90 days from the date of experiment. The result demonstrated that Lalka Basmati was the least damaged rice cultivar followed by Bahuguni-2. The highest weevil population over 90 days was recorded in Sambha Mansuli Sub-1 followed by Hardinath-2 and the least weevil population was found on Lalka Basmati followed by Bahuguni -2 in both test conditions. Lowest to highest damage ranking of rice genotypes was: Lalka Basmati
{"title":"Varietal Screening of Rice Genotypes for the Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) (Curculionidae: Coleoptera) at Laboratory Condition","authors":"M. Pal, Shraddhesh Kumar Tiwari, R. Regmi, F. Ali","doi":"10.3126/aej.v22i0.46785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v22i0.46785","url":null,"abstract":"The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) is a major pest of rice at storage condition in Nepal. A lab experiment was conducted for varietal screening of rice genotypes against S. oryzae at the National Rice Research Program, Hardinath, Dhanusha, Nepal in 2020. The study was carried out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in a three replicates. Fifty gram of each seven popular rice genotypes i.e Sambha Mansuli Sub-1, Ramdhan, Radha-11, Bahuguni-1, Bahuguni-2, Hardinath-2 and Lalka Basmati were used to screen the potential weevil resistant rice cultivars. Ten pairs of newly emerged adult S. oryzae of uniform age obtained from stock culture were released in each plastic jar in no-choice tests, while twenty five pairs of S. oryzae were released in the center, in choice tests. Results were evaluated based on the grain damage percent, weight loss percent, and total live weevil population for 90 days from the date of experiment. The result demonstrated that Lalka Basmati was the least damaged rice cultivar followed by Bahuguni-2. The highest weevil population over 90 days was recorded in Sambha Mansuli Sub-1 followed by Hardinath-2 and the least weevil population was found on Lalka Basmati followed by Bahuguni -2 in both test conditions. Lowest to highest damage ranking of rice genotypes was: Lalka Basmati<Bahuguni-2<Bahuguni-1<Radha-11<Ramdhan<Hardinath-2<Sambha Mansuli Sub-1. Thus, promotion of Lalka Basmati & Bahuguni-2 varieties is recommended to reduce the infestation of rice weevil in the storehouse condition. This information is useful for host plant resistant breeding program for the plant breeder.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79398530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conservation agriculture (CA) system involves minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotations. In Nepal, efforts to develop, refine and disseminate conservation-based agricultural technologies started since the rice-wheat consortium in Terai in the 1990s. There are more payoffs than tradeoffs for the adoption of CA. Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) with CIMMYT and IRRI has been working on it under various ecologies. Studies revealed that it reduces the production cost, saves water and nutrients, increases yields, improves soil health, mitigates global warming and improves resource use efficiency. However, there are many bottlenecks for its promotion; like lack of appropriate CA machineries, trade-offs of using crop residue in crop-livestock systems, crop residue burnings, unavailability of skilled manpower and peoples’ mindset. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop strategies to mainstream the CA in Nepal. The paper highlights on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of CA for promotion and the way forward.
{"title":"Mainstreaming the Conservation Agriculture in Nepal","authors":"T. Karki, R. Acharya","doi":"10.3126/aej.v22i0.46818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v22i0.46818","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 Conservation agriculture (CA) system involves minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotations. In Nepal, efforts to develop, refine and disseminate conservation-based agricultural technologies started since the rice-wheat consortium in Terai in the 1990s. There are more payoffs than tradeoffs for the adoption of CA. Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) with CIMMYT and IRRI has been working on it under various ecologies. Studies revealed that it reduces the production cost, saves water and nutrients, increases yields, improves soil health, mitigates global warming and improves resource use efficiency. However, there are many bottlenecks for its promotion; like lack of appropriate CA machineries, trade-offs of using crop residue in crop-livestock systems, crop residue burnings, unavailability of skilled manpower and peoples’ mindset. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop strategies to mainstream the CA in Nepal. The paper highlights on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of CA for promotion and the way forward.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"415 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72419011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nepalese labor industry of agriculture sector is dominated by female and has direct and indirect effect on food security. This paper has attempted to find and analyze consequences of male emigration and feminization in agriculture, and implication on food security. The study revealed foreign employment as major reason for international migration of Nepalese people. Higher male emigration 91.3% with large remittance inflow has ensured food secure condition in short run but there is long run food insecurity threats due to lower domestic production and higher investment on consumption. Further extra work burden in female due to absence of active male labor and limited agriculture knowledge and skills in agri-business has resulted land abandonment and underutilization of agricultural resources. The study suggested to develop female friendly agricultural practices, investment on productive enterprises and attract youth and female in agriculture to ensure sustainable food security
{"title":"Emigration and Feminization in Nepalese Agriculture: Implications for Food Security","authors":"A. Pandey, K. Tripathi, S. Devkota","doi":"10.3126/aej.v22i0.46782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v22i0.46782","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 Nepalese labor industry of agriculture sector is dominated by female and has direct and indirect effect on food security. This paper has attempted to find and analyze consequences of male emigration and feminization in agriculture, and implication on food security. The study revealed foreign employment as major reason for international migration of Nepalese people. Higher male emigration 91.3% with large remittance inflow has ensured food secure condition in short run but there is long run food insecurity threats due to lower domestic production and higher investment on consumption. Further extra work burden in female due to absence of active male labor and limited agriculture knowledge and skills in agri-business has resulted land abandonment and underutilization of agricultural resources. The study suggested to develop female friendly agricultural practices, investment on productive enterprises and attract youth and female in agriculture to ensure sustainable food security","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84745022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. B. Magar, S. Baidya, D. Thapa, M. Subedi, R. Basnet, K. Pant
Stripe rust disease is a major problem for wheat production in the hills of Nepal. To find resistance sources against this disease, 444 and 457 wheat genotypes received from National Wheat Research Program, Bhairahawa in 2018 and 2019 respectively were evaluated at Khumaltar under inoculated high disease pressure field condition. Disease was evaluated at both seedling and adult stages. In 2018, 315 genotypes showed resistance at seedling stage while 89 genotypes were having adult plant resistance (APR). Also, 71 entries showed immune response and 191 were resistant at both stages. Similarly in 2019, 233 genotypes were resistant at seedling stage and 201 were showing APR. Likewise, 35 entries were immune and 208 were resistant at both stages. Wheat genotypes with APR gene(s) can be utilized for developing durable stripe rust resistant varieties in the future. In addition, the genotypes having both stages resistant could also be used as sources of major and minor gene(s) for stripe rust resistance genotypes development in future breeding purposes.
{"title":"Evaluation of Bread Wheat Genotypes for Stripe Rust Resistance","authors":"P. B. Magar, S. Baidya, D. Thapa, M. Subedi, R. Basnet, K. Pant","doi":"10.3126/aej.v22i0.46812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v22i0.46812","url":null,"abstract":"Stripe rust disease is a major problem for wheat production in the hills of Nepal. To find resistance sources against this disease, 444 and 457 wheat genotypes received from National Wheat Research Program, Bhairahawa in 2018 and 2019 respectively were evaluated at Khumaltar under inoculated high disease pressure field condition. Disease was evaluated at both seedling and adult stages. In 2018, 315 genotypes showed resistance at seedling stage while 89 genotypes were having adult plant resistance (APR). Also, 71 entries showed immune response and 191 were resistant at both stages. Similarly in 2019, 233 genotypes were resistant at seedling stage and 201 were showing APR. Likewise, 35 entries were immune and 208 were resistant at both stages. Wheat genotypes with APR gene(s) can be utilized for developing durable stripe rust resistant varieties in the future. In addition, the genotypes having both stages resistant could also be used as sources of major and minor gene(s) for stripe rust resistance genotypes development in future breeding purposes.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87274762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. P. Khatiwada, N. Chaudhary, S. K. Sah, J. Dutta
A field experiment was laid out in split-plot design with sowing date in the main plot and varieties in the sub-plot to determine the effects of sowing dates on growth, yield and oil content of rapeseed varieties. Four sowing dates 15 days apart set on October 13th, 28th, November 12th and 27th and four rapeseed varieties (Unnati, Preeti, Pragati and Local landrace) were used. The results revealed that the highest grain yield and oil content was obtained from the October 28th sowing date and it was statistically different from all other dates of sowing. On average, oil content was decreased by 5.75% and seed yield by 0.65 t/ha for every fortnight delay in sowing from October 28th sowing date. Highest yield and oil content was obtained from variety Preeti and it was statistically different from all other three varieties. Variety Preeti was the best yielding variety for October sowing date while variety Unnati was the best for November sowing date. Preeti is recommended to be sown on October 28th in middle terai area for optimum yield but under late sown condition, Unnati is preferred for obtaining the optimum yield.
{"title":"Effects of Sowing Dates on Grain Yield and Oil Content of rapeseed (Brassicacampestris var L. toria) Varieties in Middle Terai Region, Nawalparasi, Nepal","authors":"M. P. Khatiwada, N. Chaudhary, S. K. Sah, J. Dutta","doi":"10.3126/aej.v22i0.46786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v22i0.46786","url":null,"abstract":" A field experiment was laid out in split-plot design with sowing date in the main plot and varieties in the sub-plot to determine the effects of sowing dates on growth, yield and oil content of rapeseed varieties. Four sowing dates 15 days apart set on October 13th, 28th, November 12th and 27th and four rapeseed varieties (Unnati, Preeti, Pragati and Local landrace) were used. The results revealed that the highest grain yield and oil content was obtained from the October 28th sowing date and it was statistically different from all other dates of sowing. On average, oil content was decreased by 5.75% and seed yield by 0.65 t/ha for every fortnight delay in sowing from October 28th sowing date. Highest yield and oil content was obtained from variety Preeti and it was statistically different from all other three varieties. Variety Preeti was the best yielding variety for October sowing date while variety Unnati was the best for November sowing date. Preeti is recommended to be sown on October 28th in middle terai area for optimum yield but under late sown condition, Unnati is preferred for obtaining the optimum yield.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78876275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-29DOI: 10.12895/JAEID.20211.1192
Nia Kurniawati Hidayat, A. Offermans, P. Glasbergen
Most studies on the effects of certification on smallholders’ livelihood emphasize vulnerability while neglecting resilience. This paper assesses the farmer resilience of five different types of palm oil smallholders in Indonesia. We use and apply Speranza’s (2014) framework to assess and understand farmer resilience. We conclude that the correlations between buffer capacity, learning capacity, and resilience are rather weak. Our results further reveal that palm oil smallholders are relatively resilient to price declines, haze from forest fires and El Nino. The differences in resilience between the smallholder groups are small, although certified smallholders collaborating with companies and NGOs seem to be more resilient than uncertified smallholders collaborating with middlemen. The terminated Nucleus Estate Smallholder (NES) system allowed farmers to meet these favourable conditions. A few new initiatives, such as FAIR company-community partnerships may provide similar opportunities for smallholders. We also question the direct link between self-organization and resilience.
{"title":"How farmer characteristics and dimensions of resilience correlate with farmers’ ability to recover from shocks: a case study of Indonesian palm oil smallholders","authors":"Nia Kurniawati Hidayat, A. Offermans, P. Glasbergen","doi":"10.12895/JAEID.20211.1192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12895/JAEID.20211.1192","url":null,"abstract":"Most studies on the effects of certification on smallholders’ livelihood emphasize vulnerability while neglecting resilience. This paper assesses the farmer resilience of five different types of palm oil smallholders in Indonesia. We use and apply Speranza’s (2014) framework to assess and understand farmer resilience. We conclude that the correlations between buffer capacity, learning capacity, and resilience are rather weak. Our results further reveal that palm oil smallholders are relatively resilient to price declines, haze from forest fires and El Nino. The differences in resilience between the smallholder groups are small, although certified smallholders collaborating with companies and NGOs seem to be more resilient than uncertified smallholders collaborating with middlemen. The terminated Nucleus Estate Smallholder (NES) system allowed farmers to meet these favourable conditions. A few new initiatives, such as FAIR company-community partnerships may provide similar opportunities for smallholders. We also question the direct link between self-organization and resilience.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"115 1","pages":"31-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47362327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-29DOI: 10.12895/JAEID.20211.1132
A. F. Senbeta, I. Supit, D. Harahagazwe
Understanding climate change effects on crop production and evaluate the effectiveness of adaptation strategies in both developed and developing countries is of key importance. Crop simulation models can provide useful insight on the effects of increasing temperatures and rising CO2 concentrations [CO2] as well as rainfall variations. In this study, the LINTUL4 model was used to study the sensitivity effect of five temperature (T) levels (-3, 0, 3, 6, and 9oC above/below minimum/maximum temperatures), three precipitation (W) changes (30% decrease, baseline and 30% increase), and CO2 levels (baseline(360), 450, 540, 630 and 720ppm) on nutrient limited yield (Yn), water limited yield (Yw), water and nutrient limited yield (Ynw) and potential yield (Yp) of potato crop in high-input Washington, USA and low-input Gisozi, Burundi. The maximum weight of the tuber yield and aboveground biomass for Yp and Yw in Gisozi, and Yn and Yp in Washington was observed at combinations of lower temperature and elevated [CO2]. For Gisozi, maximum tuber yield for Yn and Ynw was observed at [CO2] of less than 720ppm. The results suggest that nutrient supply will continue to be the major limiting factor for potato production under elevated [CO2] in Gisozi, and water availability will limit Yw and Ynw rain-fed production in Washington. Generally, the LINTUL4 model performs well with few data input, but fails to predict the differential effect of high temperature on assimilate partitioning to aboveground and belowground biomass.
{"title":"Sensitivity of Potato Yield and Biomass to Climate Change Effects in Gisozi, Burundi, and Washington, USA, and Assessment of LINTUL4 Model Behavior","authors":"A. F. Senbeta, I. Supit, D. Harahagazwe","doi":"10.12895/JAEID.20211.1132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12895/JAEID.20211.1132","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding climate change effects on crop production and evaluate the effectiveness of adaptation strategies in both developed and developing countries is of key importance. Crop simulation models can provide useful insight on the effects of increasing temperatures and rising CO2 concentrations [CO2] as well as rainfall variations. In this study, the LINTUL4 model was used to study the sensitivity effect of five temperature (T) levels (-3, 0, 3, 6, and 9oC above/below minimum/maximum temperatures), three precipitation (W) changes (30% decrease, baseline and 30% increase), and CO2 levels (baseline(360), 450, 540, 630 and 720ppm) on nutrient limited yield (Yn), water limited yield (Yw), water and nutrient limited yield (Ynw) and potential yield (Yp) of potato crop in high-input Washington, USA and low-input Gisozi, Burundi. The maximum weight of the tuber yield and aboveground biomass for Yp and Yw in Gisozi, and Yn and Yp in Washington was observed at combinations of lower temperature and elevated [CO2]. For Gisozi, maximum tuber yield for Yn and Ynw was observed at [CO2] of less than 720ppm. The results suggest that nutrient supply will continue to be the major limiting factor for potato production under elevated [CO2] in Gisozi, and water availability will limit Yw and Ynw rain-fed production in Washington. Generally, the LINTUL4 model performs well with few data input, but fails to predict the differential effect of high temperature on assimilate partitioning to aboveground and belowground biomass.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"115 1","pages":"5-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66120444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-24DOI: 10.23649/JAE.2021.2.18.2
N. Apaeva
The effect of fungicides used in seed dressing and spraying of barley crops on the reduction of disease development and spreading was studied. Application of fungicide Oplot and Vial Trust contributed to the reduction of barley root rot. Biological effectiveness of Oplot was 78.5 % and of Vial Trust was 81.2 %. Fungicides help to increase plant height and leaf surface index, reducing the development of diseases. Spraying of crops with Kolosal Pro proved to be more effective against leaf diseases of barley. The applied preparations helped to increase the barley yield and to obtain healthier seeds. Spraying of fungicides reduced the infection of seeds with pathogenic fungi by 5 times.
{"title":"EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES ON BARLEY CROPS","authors":"N. Apaeva","doi":"10.23649/JAE.2021.2.18.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23649/JAE.2021.2.18.2","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of fungicides used in seed dressing and spraying of barley crops on the reduction of disease development and spreading was studied. Application of fungicide Oplot and Vial Trust contributed to the reduction of barley root rot. Biological effectiveness of Oplot was 78.5 % and of Vial Trust was 81.2 %. Fungicides help to increase plant height and leaf surface index, reducing the development of diseases. Spraying of crops with Kolosal Pro proved to be more effective against leaf diseases of barley. The applied preparations helped to increase the barley yield and to obtain healthier seeds. Spraying of fungicides reduced the infection of seeds with pathogenic fungi by 5 times.","PeriodicalId":43365,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82613955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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