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The General Court of the EU Confirms that Adidas’ “Three Parallel Equidistant Stripes” EU Figurative Trade Mark is Devoid of Distinctiveness 欧盟普通法院确认阿迪达斯的“三条平行等距条纹”欧盟图形商标缺乏显著性
3区 文学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-08-06 DOI: 10.2966/scrip.170220.410
Matteo Mancinella
The General Court of the EU confirmed the decision of the EUIPO Second Board of Appeal in relation to the EU figurative trade mark registered by adidas AG, according to which this mark, consisting of “three parallel equidistant stripes”, is devoid of distinctive character. The General Court confirmed that adidas AG had failed to demonstrate use of this mark throughout the EU or that the mark, which is inherently devoid of distinctive character, had, by virtue of that use, come to identify the goods for which it was registered and thus had acquired distinctiveness. The General Court, in reaching this conclusion, relied on its assessment that most of the evidence provided by adidas AG was irrelevant for the purposes of establishing that the mark had acquired distinctive character through use as it was not directly linked to the use of the mark in its registered form. In addition, the General Court recognized that there was nothing in the application of adidas AG to suggest that the registered trade mark could be interpreted as a “pattern mark”. Finally, in relation to the “law of permissible variations”, the General Court stated that because the (2020) 17:2 SCRIPTed 410 411 figurative mark at issue is so simple, even a slight change can alter its distinctiveness.
欧盟普通法院确认了欧盟知识产权局第二上诉委员会关于阿迪达斯公司注册的欧盟形象商标的决定,根据该决定,该商标由“三个平行等距条纹”组成,缺乏显著性。普通法院确认,adidas AG未能证明该商标在整个欧盟范围内的使用,或者该商标本身缺乏显著性,但由于该商标的使用,该商标可以识别其注册的商品,从而获得显著性。普通法院在得出这一结论时,依据的是其评估,即阿迪达斯公司提供的大多数证据与确立商标通过使用获得显著性的目的无关,因为它与商标注册形式的使用没有直接联系。此外,普通法院承认,adidas AG的申请中没有任何迹象表明该注册商标可以被解释为“图案商标”。最后,关于“允许变更法”,普通法院指出,由于争议的(2020)17:2 SCRIPTed 410 411比喻性商标非常简单,即使是轻微的变化也会改变其独特性。
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引用次数: 0
The Ghost in the Machine – Emotionally Intelligent Conversational Agents and the Failure to Regulate ‘Deception by Design’ 机器中的幽灵:情商高的对话代理和未能规范“设计欺骗”
3区 文学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-08-06 DOI: 10.2966/scrip.170220.320
Pauline M. Kuss, R. Leenes
Google’s Duplex illustrates the great strides made in AI to provide synthetic agents the capabilities to intuitive and seemingly natural human- machine interaction, fostering a growing acceptance of AI systems as social actors. Following BJ Fogg’s captology framework, we analyse the persuasive and potentially manipulative power of emotionally intelligent conversational agents (EICAs). By definition, human-sounding conversational agents are ‘designed to deceive’. They do so on the basis of vast amounts of information about the individual they are interacting with. We argue that although the current data protection and privacy framework in the EU offers some protection against manipulative conversational agents, the real upcoming issues are not acknowledged in regulation yet.
谷歌的Duplex展示了人工智能领域取得的巨大进步,为人工智能提供了直觉和看似自然的人机交互能力,促使人们越来越多地接受人工智能系统作为社会参与者。根据BJ Fogg的俘获学框架,我们分析了情商会话代理(eica)的说服力和潜在的操纵能力。根据定义,听起来像人的对话代理是“设计用来欺骗的”。他们这样做是基于与他们互动的个人的大量信息。我们认为,尽管欧盟目前的数据保护和隐私框架提供了一些针对操纵性对话代理的保护,但真正即将到来的问题尚未在监管中得到承认。
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引用次数: 1
Investigating Cybercrime and A Comparative Study of Cybercrime in Criminal Law: China, US, England, Singapore and the Council of Europe 调查网络犯罪与刑法中网络犯罪的比较研究:中国、美国、英国、新加坡和欧洲委员会
3区 文学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-08-06 DOI: 10.2966/scrip.170220.431
P. Hert, George Bouchagiar
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引用次数: 0
Between a rock and a hard place: owners of smart speakers and joint control 进退两难:智能音箱和联合控制的拥有者
3区 文学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-08-06 DOI: 10.2966/scrip.170220.238
Silvia De Conca
The paper analyses to what extent the owners of smart speakers, such as Amazon Echo and Google Home, can be considered joint controllers, and what are the implications of the household exemption under the GDPR, with regard to the personal data of guests or other individuals temporarily present in their houses. Based on the relevant interpretations of the elements constituting control and joint control, as given by the Art. 29 Working Party and by the European Court of Justice (in particular in the landmark cases Wirtschaftsakademie, Jehovah’s Witness, Ryneš, and Fashion ID), this paper shows how the definition of joint control could be potentially stretched to the point of including the owners of smart speakers. The purpose of the paper is, however, to show how the preferred interpretation should be the one exempting owners of smart speakers from becoming liable under the GDPR (with certain exceptions), in the light of the asymmetry of positions between individuals and companies such as Google or Amazon and of the rationales and purposes of the GDPR. In doing so, this paper unveils a difficult balancing exercise between the rights of one individual (the data subject) and those of another individuals (the owner of a smart speaker used for private and household purposes (2020) 17:2 SCRIPTed 238 239
本文分析了智能音箱(如Amazon Echo和Google Home)的所有者在多大程度上可以被视为共同控制者,以及GDPR下的家庭豁免对客人或临时出现在他们家中的其他个人的个人数据的影响。根据第29条工作组和欧洲法院对构成控制和共同控制的要素的相关解释(特别是在具有里程碑意义的Wirtschaftsakademie、耶和华见证会、Ryneš i和Fashion ID案件中),本文展示了共同控制的定义如何可能被扩展到包括智能扬声器所有者的程度。然而,本文的目的是展示,鉴于个人与谷歌或亚马逊等公司之间的立场不对称,以及GDPR的基本原理和目的,优选的解释应该如何免除智能扬声器所有者在GDPR下的责任(有某些例外)。在此过程中,本文揭示了一个人(数据主体)和另一个人(用于私人和家庭用途的智能扬声器的所有者(2020年)17:2脚本238 239之间的艰难平衡
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引用次数: 1
Processing Data to Protect Data: Resolving the Breach Detection Paradox 处理数据以保护数据:解决漏洞检测悖论
3区 文学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-08-06 DOI: 10.2966/scrip.170220.197
A. Cormack
Most privacy laws contain two obligations: that processing of personal data must be minimised, and that security breaches must be detected and mitigated as quickly as possible. These two requirements appear to conflict, since detecting breaches requires additional processing of logfiles and other personal data to determine what went wrong. Fortunately Europe’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) – considered the strictest such law – recognises this paradox and suggests how both requirements can be satisfied. This paper assesses security breach detection in the light of the principles of purpose limitation and necessity, finding that properlyconducted breach detection should satisfy both principles. Indeed the same safeguards that are required by data protection law are essential in practice for breach detection to achieve its purpose. The increasing use of automated breach detection is then examined, finding opportunities to further strengthen these safeguards as well as those that might be required by the GDPR provisions on profiling and automated decision-making. Finally we consider how processing for breach detection relates to the context of providing and using on-line services concluding that, far from being paradoxical, it should be expected and welcomed by regulators and (2020) 17:2 SCRIPTed 197 198 all those whose data may be stored in networked computers.
大多数隐私法都包含两项义务:必须最大限度地减少对个人数据的处理,以及必须尽快发现并缓解安全漏洞。这两个要求似乎是冲突的,因为检测漏洞需要对日志文件和其他个人数据进行额外处理,以确定哪里出了问题。幸运的是,欧洲的《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR)——被认为是此类法律中最严格的——认识到了这一悖论,并提出了如何满足这两项要求的建议。本文从目的限制原则和必要性原则两个方面对安全漏洞检测进行了评估,发现正确实施的漏洞检测应该同时满足这两个原则。事实上,数据保护法所要求的保障措施在实践中对于违规检测实现其目的至关重要。然后审查越来越多地使用自动漏洞检测,找到进一步加强这些保障措施的机会,以及GDPR关于分析和自动决策的规定可能要求的保障措施。最后,我们考虑了漏洞检测的处理如何与提供和使用在线服务的背景相关,得出的结论是,这绝不是矛盾的,监管机构和(2020)17:2 SCRIPTed 197 198所有数据可能存储在网络计算机中的人都应该期待和欢迎它。
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引用次数: 1
EU Health Law & Policy: The Expansion of EU Power in Public Health and Health Care 欧盟卫生法律与政策:欧盟在公共卫生和卫生保健领域权力的扩张
3区 文学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-08-06 DOI: 10.2966/scrip.170220.441
E. Dove
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引用次数: 13
Como uma onda - ética e criação literária através da poesia 作为一股浪潮——通过诗歌进行伦理与文学创作
3区 文学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-07-23 DOI: 10.15448/2526-8848.2020.1.35758
Gisela de Moraes Rodriguez
Nesse trabalho, o estilo ficcional de Dante Alighieri surge como o fio condutor de uma narrativa sobre os topicos estudados nas aulas de filosofia, no Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Letras. O texto e dividido em seis momentos: 1o- o Prologo, que introduz o leitor no “pensar sobre a linguagem”; 2o- o Exilio, que ressalta a solidao inerente a criacao literaria; 3o- a Realidade, que mostra as vicissitudes do oficio do escritor; 4o- o Livro, que fala dos processos criativos e da etica na escritura; 5o- a Alteridade, que aborda a importância do “outro” e a dialetica e interdependencia na producao artistica; 6o- a Despedida, no qual a autora comenta sobre o desapego da autoria, mostrando que o livro nao pertence a ela e sim ao mundo. A criacao dos versos segue o padrao das obras poeticas de Dante, mas o conteudo discorre sobre as aulas ministradas pelo filosofo e professor Ricardo Timm de Souza. A linguagem, nesse caso, e um mecanismo para envolver o leitor numa narrativa inusitada, por trazer a referencia de uma obra classica, e ao mesmo tempo, a reflexao sobre as concepcoes contemporâneas de alteridade, autoria e etica na literatura.Palavras-chave: escrita criativa; filosofia; processos criativos.
在这部作品中,但丁的小说风格成为文学研究生课程哲学课程中所研究主题的叙事主线。正文分为六个阶段:第一阶段是序言,向读者介绍“思考语言”;2 -流放,强调文学创作固有的稳固性;第三——现实,展示了作家职业的变迁;第四本书,讲述了圣经中的创作过程和伦理;5 -他者,解决“他者”的重要性,以及艺术生产中的辩证和相互依赖;第6 -告别,作者评论脱离作者身份,表明这本书不属于她,而是属于世界。诗歌的创作遵循了但丁诗歌作品的模式,但内容是关于哲学家和教授里卡多·蒂姆·德索萨的课程。在这种情况下,语言是一种让读者参与一种不同寻常的叙事的机制,因为它带来了经典作品的参考,同时也反映了当代文学中的差异性、作者身份和伦理概念。关键词:创意写作;哲学;创造性过程。
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引用次数: 0
A importância da música na construção da atmosfera e do efeito em uma narrativa de terror 音乐在营造气氛和恐怖叙事效果中的重要性
3区 文学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-07-16 DOI: 10.15448/2526-8848.2020.1.35930
Gustavo Melo Czekster
Through the theories of Edgar Allan Poe regarding the ways of impressing a vivid effect on the reader and based on the teachings of H. P. Lovecraft about atmosphere in stories of the supernatural, this article aims to analyze how music may be a decisive factor in constructing a literary work of horror genre. Therefore, this article analyzes the ways in which music is an important element  to the setting of narrative tension in H. P. Lovecraft, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Stephen King, providing details on writing strategies adopted by each author to highlight an imagined song as an essential part of a horror story atmosphere
本文旨在通过爱伦·坡关于给读者留下生动印象的方法的理论,并以h·p·洛夫克拉夫特关于超自然故事氛围的教导为基础,分析音乐如何成为构建恐怖类型文学作品的决定性因素。因此,本文分析了在h·p·洛夫克拉夫特、纳撒尼尔·霍桑和斯蒂芬·金的作品中,音乐作为叙事张力设置的重要元素的方式,并提供了每位作者采用的写作策略的细节,以突出想象中的歌曲作为恐怖故事氛围的重要组成部分
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引用次数: 0
O tempo e a música: uma proposta de abordagem da obra Quatro Quartetos, de T.S. Eliot 时间与音乐:对艾略特的《四四重奏》的建议
3区 文学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-07-16 DOI: 10.15448/2526-8848.2020.1.35810
João Felipe Gremski
The article suggests an analysis of T. S. Eliot’s Four Quartets from an alternative approach: Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity and music, having as a unifying element the notion of time. Einstein changed physics’ paradigms by proposing that time is relative, and not absolute, as it was a common belief. By doing that, the axiom of time as a linear thing was put into perspective in the scientific world, and the idea of travelling through time is, at least theoretically, considered a possibility. Thus, this article tries to establish a bridge between this line of thought and the poem Four Quartets by recurring to the idea that ‘all time is eternally present’, a theme that appears throughout the whole poem, showing that this ideal can be reached using the poetic word and, by consequence, the poetic persona can establish a synergy between past, present and future.
本文建议从另一种方法来分析艾略特的《四个四重奏》:爱因斯坦的相对论和音乐,作为统一元素的时间概念。爱因斯坦改变了物理学的范式,他提出时间是相对的,而不是绝对的,正如人们普遍认为的那样。通过这样做,时间作为线性事物的公理在科学世界中得到了透视,穿越时间的想法,至少在理论上,被认为是一种可能性。因此,本文试图通过“所有的时间都是永恒的”这一贯穿整首诗的主题,在这一思路和《四四方》这首诗之间建立一座桥梁,表明这一理想可以用诗意的词语来实现,因此,诗意的人格可以在过去、现在和未来之间建立一种协同作用。
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引用次数: 0
Um percurso musical em Um Homem Célebre e Trio em Lá Menor, de Machado de Assis 马沙多·德·阿西斯的《一个名人和a小调三重奏的音乐之旅》
3区 文学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-07-16 DOI: 10.15448/2526-8848.2020.1.35583
L. R. Cruz
RESUMO: Este trabalho debruça-se sobre os contos Um Homem Célebre[1] e Trio em Lá Menor, ambos de Machado de Assis que, por suas riquezas textuais, possibilitam variadas interpretações. Analisam-se elementos musicais constantes dos textos, com os propósitos de identificá-los como: elementos estruturantes do enredo, caracterizadores dos personagens e indicadores do período da formação da identidade musical brasileira. Para consecução dessas finalidades, expõe-se conhecimentos sobre o contexto musical do século XIX vivido pelo autor dos contos abordando aspectos relevantes do momento histórico e cultural — especialmente o contexto musical — da segunda metade do século XIX; e da influência da música sobre os contos machadianos em análise. Por fim, com base nos aspectos levantados e nos comentários apresentados, conclui-se acerca da contribuição que os elementos musicais existentes nos dois contos fornecem à estrutura do enredo e à caracterização de personagens. [1] Publicado, pela primeira vez, em 29 de junho de 1888, no jornal Gazeta de Notícias.
摘要:本文主要研究马沙多·德·阿西斯的短篇小说《Um Homem celeceleao[1]》和《Trio em a Menor》,由于其丰富的文本,可以进行多种解读。对文本中的音乐元素进行分析,以确定它们为:情节的结构元素、人物特征和巴西音乐身份形成时期的指标。为了达到这些目的,我们暴露了作者所生活的19世纪音乐背景的知识,涉及历史和文化时刻的相关方面,特别是19世纪下半叶的音乐背景;以及音乐对马查多故事的影响。最后,基于所提出的方面和所提出的评论,我们得出结论,这两个故事中存在的音乐元素对情节结构和人物塑造的贡献。[1]于1888年6月29日在Gazeta de noticias报纸上首次发表。
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引用次数: 0
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