Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794922
J. Hawkins
Satellite remote sensing of the ocean is important to the maritime industry, fishing, and environmental research, but has real limitations. The capabilities and limitations of remote sensing should be better understood by policy and decision makers, as well as nonremote-sensing oceanographers. Satellites are perceived as being the solution to many nagging ocean surveillance problems, like pollution monitoring. While satellites hold the promise to do more in the future, and are critical elements of various maritime programs today, the applicability of space-based remote sensing should not be oversold. This year is the tenth anniversary of the TIROS-N series of polar-orbiting spacecraft. I t is time to reexamine what the nation's only operational remote sensing satellites have contributed to oceanography and commerce. When planned, these satellites were not expected to be beneficial as they now are or can be.
{"title":"Satellite ocean monitoring at ten years: perceptions and realities","authors":"J. Hawkins","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794922","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite remote sensing of the ocean is important to the maritime industry, fishing, and environmental research, but has real limitations. The capabilities and limitations of remote sensing should be better understood by policy and decision makers, as well as nonremote-sensing oceanographers. Satellites are perceived as being the solution to many nagging ocean surveillance problems, like pollution monitoring. While satellites hold the promise to do more in the future, and are critical elements of various maritime programs today, the applicability of space-based remote sensing should not be oversold. This year is the tenth anniversary of the TIROS-N series of polar-orbiting spacecraft. I t is time to reexamine what the nation's only operational remote sensing satellites have contributed to oceanography and commerce. When planned, these satellites were not expected to be beneficial as they now are or can be.","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122857394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795009
L. L. Stewart, P. Auster
NOAA'S National Undersea Research Program at the University of Connecticut, Avery Point, is the national center for test and evaluation of low cost ROVs for scientific applications. LCROVs were viewed as easily transportable and deployable undersea platforms that could deliver specially designed sampling devices and cameras to depths of 330 meters. Since 1984, we have evaluated and developed procedures and tools for utilizing ROV technology to address a wide variety of sampling tasks. Operations in 1988 include a dedicated ROV science program supporting 21 research missions covering a multitude of scientific tasks. Examples of research missions include: herring egg bed studies in the northern Gulf of Maine; juvenile finfish and crustacean habitat definition on the southern New England shelf; hypoxia effects in Long Island Sound; hydrothermal activity in Yelloustone Lake; macrozooplankton migration and sediment transport in the U.S. Great Lakes; deep sound scattering layer definition in the Gulf of Alaska; and the ecology of the deep basins..of.the-East African Rift Lakes system.
{"title":"Low cost ROVs for science","authors":"L. L. Stewart, P. Auster","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795009","url":null,"abstract":"NOAA'S National Undersea Research Program at the University of Connecticut, Avery Point, is the national center for test and evaluation of low cost ROVs for scientific applications. LCROVs were viewed as easily transportable and deployable undersea platforms that could deliver specially designed sampling devices and cameras to depths of 330 meters. Since 1984, we have evaluated and developed procedures and tools for utilizing ROV technology to address a wide variety of sampling tasks. Operations in 1988 include a dedicated ROV science program supporting 21 research missions covering a multitude of scientific tasks. Examples of research missions include: herring egg bed studies in the northern Gulf of Maine; juvenile finfish and crustacean habitat definition on the southern New England shelf; hypoxia effects in Long Island Sound; hydrothermal activity in Yelloustone Lake; macrozooplankton migration and sediment transport in the U.S. Great Lakes; deep sound scattering layer definition in the Gulf of Alaska; and the ecology of the deep basins..of.the-East African Rift Lakes system.","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"311 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121659468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23663
Y. Masuda, T. Yamazaki, Y. Outa, M. McCormick
The application of the wave power electric generator, used in the navigation tail-tube buoy, to other buoy shapes has been restricted because of difficulty in fitting an air chamber. The backward bent duct buoy configuration, developed to solve this problem, is applicable to navigation aids including light buoys and light ships, telemetering buoys, military warning buoys, and other utility buoys. It can also be used for offshore station-keeping buoys, with or without moorings. By upscaling floating wave power generators are created that can supply power to both island and coastal communities. The energy cost of such systems is estimated to be about 38 yen/kWh for islands in the subtropic zone and about 15 yen/kWh in high-wave-power zones.<>
{"title":"The backward bend duct buoy-an improved floating type wave power device","authors":"Y. Masuda, T. Yamazaki, Y. Outa, M. McCormick","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23663","url":null,"abstract":"The application of the wave power electric generator, used in the navigation tail-tube buoy, to other buoy shapes has been restricted because of difficulty in fitting an air chamber. The backward bent duct buoy configuration, developed to solve this problem, is applicable to navigation aids including light buoys and light ships, telemetering buoys, military warning buoys, and other utility buoys. It can also be used for offshore station-keeping buoys, with or without moorings. By upscaling floating wave power generators are created that can supply power to both island and coastal communities. The energy cost of such systems is estimated to be about 38 yen/kWh for islands in the subtropic zone and about 15 yen/kWh in high-wave-power zones.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129838496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795023
C. D. Hunt, W. Steinhauer, C.E. Werme, P. Boehm, F.G. Csulak
{"title":"Monitoring water quality characteristics during disposal of sewage sludge at the 106-mile site","authors":"C. D. Hunt, W. Steinhauer, C.E. Werme, P. Boehm, F.G. Csulak","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127873624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795032
H. L. Clark
ponent and an ashore component. The at-sea component consists of instructing scientific personnel in the use of shared shipboard equipment: maintenance, repair, and calibration of scientific instrumentation; instruction and supervision of deck operations; and providing logistics assistance to on-coming and off-going scientific parties. the maintenance, repair, and calibration of shared use seagoing equipment and assisting scientific personnel in preparing for field work on the vessel. bilities for providing the coordination and technical assistance needed for the successful completion of research projects at sea. The Shipboard Technician Program has two components: an at-sea com-
{"title":"Shipboard technician program of the National Science Foundation","authors":"H. L. Clark","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795032","url":null,"abstract":"ponent and an ashore component. The at-sea component consists of instructing scientific personnel in the use of shared shipboard equipment: maintenance, repair, and calibration of scientific instrumentation; instruction and supervision of deck operations; and providing logistics assistance to on-coming and off-going scientific parties. the maintenance, repair, and calibration of shared use seagoing equipment and assisting scientific personnel in preparing for field work on the vessel. bilities for providing the coordination and technical assistance needed for the successful completion of research projects at sea. The Shipboard Technician Program has two components: an at-sea com-","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132998653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795043
L. Hammer, W. Hoyle
Modern naval warfare has, over the years, resulted in the relegation of accurate positioning and navigation to a second class role. The modern naval officer worries about positioning usually only when concerned with navigation. During the battle he most often conducts his operations in a relative motion sense using relative ranges and bearings. The once widelyrespected title of navigator has been replaced by that of the Tactical Action Officer. Despite these lamentable trends, accurate positioning remains as important today as it ever was. The trends toward over-the-horizon targetingfbattles and strict Emission Controls (EMCON), coupled with the more traditional tactics in Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) and Mine Warfare, continue to require good geographic positioning as a matter of paramount importance.
{"title":"The continued need for accurate positioning in naval topics","authors":"L. Hammer, W. Hoyle","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795043","url":null,"abstract":"Modern naval warfare has, over the years, resulted in the relegation of accurate positioning and navigation to a second class role. The modern naval officer worries about positioning usually only when concerned with navigation. During the battle he most often conducts his operations in a relative motion sense using relative ranges and bearings. The once widelyrespected title of navigator has been replaced by that of the Tactical Action Officer. Despite these lamentable trends, accurate positioning remains as important today as it ever was. The trends toward over-the-horizon targetingfbattles and strict Emission Controls (EMCON), coupled with the more traditional tactics in Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) and Mine Warfare, continue to require good geographic positioning as a matter of paramount importance.","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133183131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23710
S. Burke, D. Martinson
A specially configured spar buoy with a 150-m Kevlar multielement sensor string has been designed for deployment in the Antarctic ice fields. The buoy collects a full suite of meteorological data, combined with hourly samples from the oceanographic sensor tether. Water column sensors consist of ten medium-resolution multiplexed temperature sensors to provide an estimate of the salinity structure below the buoy. Data relay is carried out using the Argos capability of the two orbiting NOAA satellites. A pair of developmental AMOS (Antarctic Meteorological Oceanographic Spar) buoys were deployed during the winter of 1987-8 in the open waters of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, from the German oceanographic research vessel Polarstern. Recent data show the rate of mixed layer cooling prior to freeze-up.<>
{"title":"An Argos meteorological oceanographic spar buoy for Antarctic deployments","authors":"S. Burke, D. Martinson","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23710","url":null,"abstract":"A specially configured spar buoy with a 150-m Kevlar multielement sensor string has been designed for deployment in the Antarctic ice fields. The buoy collects a full suite of meteorological data, combined with hourly samples from the oceanographic sensor tether. Water column sensors consist of ten medium-resolution multiplexed temperature sensors to provide an estimate of the salinity structure below the buoy. Data relay is carried out using the Argos capability of the two orbiting NOAA satellites. A pair of developmental AMOS (Antarctic Meteorological Oceanographic Spar) buoys were deployed during the winter of 1987-8 in the open waters of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, from the German oceanographic research vessel Polarstern. Recent data show the rate of mixed layer cooling prior to freeze-up.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122378270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23625
M. Lewandowski
Calculations on a minicomputer have been carried out to account for the drift of an object due to tidal currents for up to three tidal cycles. An algorithm using the National Ocean Survey tidal current tables and tidal current charts of Long Island sound and Block Island sound as data sources accounts for the changes in current velocity over the duration of the tidal cycles. This algorithm allows for entry of the last known position and time of an object and yields both a graphic and tabular display of subsequent times and positions of the object. The resulting drift position can then be used on the same drift position from other geographic positions or can be used to update the most probable position in search-and-rescue case planning.<>
{"title":"A minicomputer application to graphically display tidal current drift","authors":"M. Lewandowski","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23625","url":null,"abstract":"Calculations on a minicomputer have been carried out to account for the drift of an object due to tidal currents for up to three tidal cycles. An algorithm using the National Ocean Survey tidal current tables and tidal current charts of Long Island sound and Block Island sound as data sources accounts for the changes in current velocity over the duration of the tidal cycles. This algorithm allows for entry of the last known position and time of an object and yields both a graphic and tabular display of subsequent times and positions of the object. The resulting drift position can then be used on the same drift position from other geographic positions or can be used to update the most probable position in search-and-rescue case planning.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122554065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795007
J. P. Zikakis
{"title":"A biotechnological system for the utilization of waste products of the seafood and cheese manufacturing industries","authors":"J. P. Zikakis","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.795007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122831027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-31DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794968
S. Cable
{"title":"A guideline system for the Navy's submarine rescue ship (ASR) class","authors":"S. Cable","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1988.794968","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":435174,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '88. 'A Partnership of Marine Interests'. Proceedings","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127885957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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