Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938928
Mirella Al Katrib, L. Perrin, E. Planès
Electrodeposition was investigated in this work as a substitute method to develop large area perovskite active layer for solar device application. Along with the simple MAPbI3 perovskite, the deposition of mixed $text{MAPbI}_{3-mathrm{x}}text{Cl}_{mathrm{x}}$ and $text{MA}_{1-} {}_{mathrm{y}}text{FA}_{mathrm{y}}text{PbI}_{3-mathrm{x}}text{Br}_{mathrm{x}}$ perovskites was studied. This present study is one of its kind, since these mixed perovskite were never developed using electrodeposition before. It was detected that using these mixed perovskites in a solar device enhances its photovoltaic activity. It also enhances its stability when evaluated in mild ageing conditions (40°C, under vacuum or ambient atmosphere) during 500h. The different perovskites fabricated using electrodeposition experience a maturation phenomenon.
{"title":"Performance and stability of electrodeposited mixed perovskites $text{MAPbI}_{3-mathrm{x}}text{Cl}_{mathrm{x}}$ and $text{MA}_{1-mathrm{y}}text{FA}_{mathrm{y}}text{PbI}_{3-mathrm{x}}text{Br}_{mathrm{x}}$","authors":"Mirella Al Katrib, L. Perrin, E. Planès","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938928","url":null,"abstract":"Electrodeposition was investigated in this work as a substitute method to develop large area perovskite active layer for solar device application. Along with the simple MAPbI3 perovskite, the deposition of mixed $text{MAPbI}_{3-mathrm{x}}text{Cl}_{mathrm{x}}$ and $text{MA}_{1-} {}_{mathrm{y}}text{FA}_{mathrm{y}}text{PbI}_{3-mathrm{x}}text{Br}_{mathrm{x}}$ perovskites was studied. This present study is one of its kind, since these mixed perovskite were never developed using electrodeposition before. It was detected that using these mixed perovskites in a solar device enhances its photovoltaic activity. It also enhances its stability when evaluated in mild ageing conditions (40°C, under vacuum or ambient atmosphere) during 500h. The different perovskites fabricated using electrodeposition experience a maturation phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128805952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938673
Christopher Gregory, Sean J. Babcock, R. King
Photon recycling in photovoltaic devices can be attained by using highly reflective back surfaces. Some of the highest reflectance surfaces are composed of a plane of dielectric material deposited on a highly reflective metal such as Ag or Au. Although optically effective, the use of a planar dielectric layer complicates electrical contact to the device, leading to approaches such as point contacts. A simple solution-that may not result in significant optical or resistive losses-is to use a planar transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer instead of a dielectric layer. This work investigates the viability of a such a contact. It is observed that contact resistivities of the TCO/Ag stack on a highly doped AlGaAs or GaAs contact layer are below 0.1 Ω cm2 for TCO doping concentrations on the order of 1019 cm-3. The contact resistivity can be reduced further by increasing the doping in the semiconductor layer. Internal hemispheric reflectances of the proposed contacts are expected to reach up to 98% at the wavelength of interest, facilitating photon recycling. The performance of this contact structure suggests use in technologies such as photonic power converters and thermophotovoltaics.
{"title":"Planar Transparent Conductive Oxide/Ag Rear Contacts for High Efficiency III-V Photovoltaics","authors":"Christopher Gregory, Sean J. Babcock, R. King","doi":"10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938673","url":null,"abstract":"Photon recycling in photovoltaic devices can be attained by using highly reflective back surfaces. Some of the highest reflectance surfaces are composed of a plane of dielectric material deposited on a highly reflective metal such as Ag or Au. Although optically effective, the use of a planar dielectric layer complicates electrical contact to the device, leading to approaches such as point contacts. A simple solution-that may not result in significant optical or resistive losses-is to use a planar transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer instead of a dielectric layer. This work investigates the viability of a such a contact. It is observed that contact resistivities of the TCO/Ag stack on a highly doped AlGaAs or GaAs contact layer are below 0.1 Ω cm2 for TCO doping concentrations on the order of 1019 cm-3. The contact resistivity can be reduced further by increasing the doping in the semiconductor layer. Internal hemispheric reflectances of the proposed contacts are expected to reach up to 98% at the wavelength of interest, facilitating photon recycling. The performance of this contact structure suggests use in technologies such as photonic power converters and thermophotovoltaics.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124568716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938859
I. Panžić, Alexander Jelinek, Floren Radovanović-Perić, D. Kiener, V. Mandić
Laser polymerization has emerged as a direct writing technique allowing the fabrication of complex 3D structures with microscale resolution. The technique provides rapid prototyping capabilities for a broad range of applications, but to meet the growing interest in 3D nanoscale structures the resolution limits need to be pushed beyond the 100 nm benchmark, which is challenging in practical implementations. By using a two-photon polymerization process precise structures in the range of 40 to 50 nm can be achieved. Subsequent post-processing of the printed nanostructures by means of plasma etching or pyrolysis opens the possibilities to obtain even smaller 3D structures, only limited by the mechanical properties of the polymerize resist and the geometry. On the other hand, spark ablation recently emerged as a technique capable of preparing reproducibly sized and clean nanoparticles in a cost-effective manner. Here we employ the outcome of combining the abovementioned processes. Spark ablation process was used to decorate the printed 3D surface to yield specific surfaces with metal/metal oxide core-shell nanoparticles. Broad characterization was applied using microscopy (SEM, AFM), mechanical testing (in situ SEM mechanical testing), diffraction analysis (XRD), and electrical characterization (J/V)) before and after the assembly of complete solar cells. Namely, such formations were found to be prosperous for electron transport layers in perovskite solar cells.
{"title":"Combining nanoscale 3D printing with spark ablation to achieve novel nanostructured surfaces for photovoltaic applications","authors":"I. Panžić, Alexander Jelinek, Floren Radovanović-Perić, D. Kiener, V. Mandić","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938859","url":null,"abstract":"Laser polymerization has emerged as a direct writing technique allowing the fabrication of complex 3D structures with microscale resolution. The technique provides rapid prototyping capabilities for a broad range of applications, but to meet the growing interest in 3D nanoscale structures the resolution limits need to be pushed beyond the 100 nm benchmark, which is challenging in practical implementations. By using a two-photon polymerization process precise structures in the range of 40 to 50 nm can be achieved. Subsequent post-processing of the printed nanostructures by means of plasma etching or pyrolysis opens the possibilities to obtain even smaller 3D structures, only limited by the mechanical properties of the polymerize resist and the geometry. On the other hand, spark ablation recently emerged as a technique capable of preparing reproducibly sized and clean nanoparticles in a cost-effective manner. Here we employ the outcome of combining the abovementioned processes. Spark ablation process was used to decorate the printed 3D surface to yield specific surfaces with metal/metal oxide core-shell nanoparticles. Broad characterization was applied using microscopy (SEM, AFM), mechanical testing (in situ SEM mechanical testing), diffraction analysis (XRD), and electrical characterization (J/V)) before and after the assembly of complete solar cells. Namely, such formations were found to be prosperous for electron transport layers in perovskite solar cells.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129438691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938746
Jacob T. Stid, Siddharth Shukla, A. Anctil, A. Kendall, D. Hyndman
Understanding agriculturally co-located solar PV installation practices and preferences is imperative to foster a future where solar power and agriculture co-exist with limited impact on agricultural production. We investigate the impacts of adjacently co-locating solar PV and agriculture on agricultural fields in California’ Central Valley. We recently developed a comprehensive remotely-sensed dataset of 694 arrays (2,052 MW) which are agriculturally adjacent co-located. We calculated the food production, electricity generation, and change in water consumption relative to the prior agricultural land use for the expected 25 year lifespan of each array. We calculated that by 2042, these arrays which converted 34 km2 of cropland would remove 1.7 trillion kcal of crop from production. Assuming cropland irrigation was forgone rather than redistributed, the total forgone irrigation water use exceeded operation and maintenance water use by a factor of 7. We also estimated the expected value of generated electricity and show that these installations are profitable, typically exceeding lost revenue from agricultural production by a factor of 15. With its profitability, agricultural co-location will likely continue to expand. Unregulated conversion of high value land could have impacts on future crop prices and availability. Thus, our research suggests the need to account for location-specific food and water resources when co-locating solar PV to reduce impacts on U.S. agricultural production and water as solar becomes more prevalent. Our results also indicate a potential use of renewable energy as a method for agricultural risk management in regions of high water stress and years of drought.
{"title":"Implications of Agriculturally Co-Located Solar PV Installations on the FEW Nexus in the Central Valley","authors":"Jacob T. Stid, Siddharth Shukla, A. Anctil, A. Kendall, D. Hyndman","doi":"10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938746","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding agriculturally co-located solar PV installation practices and preferences is imperative to foster a future where solar power and agriculture co-exist with limited impact on agricultural production. We investigate the impacts of adjacently co-locating solar PV and agriculture on agricultural fields in California’ Central Valley. We recently developed a comprehensive remotely-sensed dataset of 694 arrays (2,052 MW) which are agriculturally adjacent co-located. We calculated the food production, electricity generation, and change in water consumption relative to the prior agricultural land use for the expected 25 year lifespan of each array. We calculated that by 2042, these arrays which converted 34 km2 of cropland would remove 1.7 trillion kcal of crop from production. Assuming cropland irrigation was forgone rather than redistributed, the total forgone irrigation water use exceeded operation and maintenance water use by a factor of 7. We also estimated the expected value of generated electricity and show that these installations are profitable, typically exceeding lost revenue from agricultural production by a factor of 15. With its profitability, agricultural co-location will likely continue to expand. Unregulated conversion of high value land could have impacts on future crop prices and availability. Thus, our research suggests the need to account for location-specific food and water resources when co-locating solar PV to reduce impacts on U.S. agricultural production and water as solar becomes more prevalent. Our results also indicate a potential use of renewable energy as a method for agricultural risk management in regions of high water stress and years of drought.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130295479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938678
S. Campbell, M. Duchamp, N. Beattie, Michael D K Jones, G. Zoppi, V. Barrioz, Y. Qu
Kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 (CZTSSe) is a promising photovoltaic material attracting significant research interests in recent years. Among the variety of techniques employed for preparation of the absorber thin films, the best results are observed for a hydrazine-based method with efficiency up to 12.6 %. On the other hand, Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanoparticle inks annealed in the presence of Se have shown efficiency as high as 9.3 %. Importantly, CZTS nanoparticle inks have the power to be compatible with high volume, high value manufacturing with a variety of substrates including flexible foils, plastics and ultra-thin glass. However, one of the current limitations of the nanoparticle ink technology is the presence of a fine-grain (FG) layer between the CZTSSe large grain (LG) layer and the back contact. The presence of this FG layer is likely to reduce device performance via carrier recombination through traps, interface states and increased grain boundary density. CZTS nanoparticles were synthesized by injection of cold sulphur $({25} hat{mathrm{A}}{ }^{circ}mathrm{C})$ into hot metallic precursors ($({225} hat{mathrm{A}}{ }^{circ}mathrm{C})$). The long carbon chain molecule, oleylamine used in the nanoparticle synthesis step is believed to be the direct reason of the FG layer. Herein, a higher soft-baking temperature of ${400} hat{mathrm{A}}{ }^{circ}mathrm{C}$ is studied to evaporate the carbon rich solvent efficiently from the nanoparticle precursor thin films before the selenization process. As a result, the absorber is found to be composed of a single LG CZTSSe layer where the carbon-rich FG layer is eliminated.
{"title":"Elimination of the carbon-rich layer in Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 absorbers prepared from nanoparticle inks","authors":"S. Campbell, M. Duchamp, N. Beattie, Michael D K Jones, G. Zoppi, V. Barrioz, Y. Qu","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938678","url":null,"abstract":"Kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 (CZTSSe) is a promising photovoltaic material attracting significant research interests in recent years. Among the variety of techniques employed for preparation of the absorber thin films, the best results are observed for a hydrazine-based method with efficiency up to 12.6 %. On the other hand, Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanoparticle inks annealed in the presence of Se have shown efficiency as high as 9.3 %. Importantly, CZTS nanoparticle inks have the power to be compatible with high volume, high value manufacturing with a variety of substrates including flexible foils, plastics and ultra-thin glass. However, one of the current limitations of the nanoparticle ink technology is the presence of a fine-grain (FG) layer between the CZTSSe large grain (LG) layer and the back contact. The presence of this FG layer is likely to reduce device performance via carrier recombination through traps, interface states and increased grain boundary density. CZTS nanoparticles were synthesized by injection of cold sulphur $({25} hat{mathrm{A}}{ }^{circ}mathrm{C})$ into hot metallic precursors ($({225} hat{mathrm{A}}{ }^{circ}mathrm{C})$). The long carbon chain molecule, oleylamine used in the nanoparticle synthesis step is believed to be the direct reason of the FG layer. Herein, a higher soft-baking temperature of ${400} hat{mathrm{A}}{ }^{circ}mathrm{C}$ is studied to evaporate the carbon rich solvent efficiently from the nanoparticle precursor thin films before the selenization process. As a result, the absorber is found to be composed of a single LG CZTSSe layer where the carbon-rich FG layer is eliminated.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130370581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938621
Govind Nanda, Sara M. Almenabawy, R. Prinja, G. Sharma, N. Kherani
Interactions between hydrogen and silicon play an integral role in determining the quality of surface and bulk passivation of various device structures in silicon photovoltaics. The efficacy of a hydrogen treatment method is known to be dependent on whether the interacting hydrogen species is atomic, ionic, or molecular. Furthermore, these concentrations can be altered by controlling the substrate temperature of the silicon substrate. Moreover, an important consideration is the time and atmosphere the treatment is carried out in, as it influences the desorption of hydrogen from silicon. Hence, it is important to undertake a comprehensive investigation of both the theoretical and experimental aspects of hydrogen passivation of silicon devices, thereby developing a clear understanding of how hydrogen behaves within different solar cell structures, and its dependence on substrate properties. In the theoretical study presented, we assume that the total concentration of hydrogen in the silicon substrate does not remain constant when temperature is increased, and that longer exposures to higher temperatures may cause further loss of hydrogen. This will be augmented by experimental studies of a-Si passivation layers on silicon subjected to hydrogen treatments and follow-on stepwise annealing with resulting loss of hydrogen and examination of its effect on the minority carrier lifetime.
{"title":"Demystifying the effect of hydrogen treatment on silicon photovoltaics","authors":"Govind Nanda, Sara M. Almenabawy, R. Prinja, G. Sharma, N. Kherani","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938621","url":null,"abstract":"Interactions between hydrogen and silicon play an integral role in determining the quality of surface and bulk passivation of various device structures in silicon photovoltaics. The efficacy of a hydrogen treatment method is known to be dependent on whether the interacting hydrogen species is atomic, ionic, or molecular. Furthermore, these concentrations can be altered by controlling the substrate temperature of the silicon substrate. Moreover, an important consideration is the time and atmosphere the treatment is carried out in, as it influences the desorption of hydrogen from silicon. Hence, it is important to undertake a comprehensive investigation of both the theoretical and experimental aspects of hydrogen passivation of silicon devices, thereby developing a clear understanding of how hydrogen behaves within different solar cell structures, and its dependence on substrate properties. In the theoretical study presented, we assume that the total concentration of hydrogen in the silicon substrate does not remain constant when temperature is increased, and that longer exposures to higher temperatures may cause further loss of hydrogen. This will be augmented by experimental studies of a-Si passivation layers on silicon subjected to hydrogen treatments and follow-on stepwise annealing with resulting loss of hydrogen and examination of its effect on the minority carrier lifetime.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130416845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938943
Floren Radovanović-Perić, V. Mandić, I. Panžić
Recently, CuO (p-type) semiconductor thin films have been investigated for sensing applications due to their excellent optical properties and narrow bandgap. It has been proposed that the performance of CuO thin films in photosensing applications depends strongly on the grain size, morphology and nanostructure which introduces the possibility of fabricating these materials by spark ablation, a novel, low cost and efficient method capable of producing controlled and clean nanoparticles with various subsequent deposition methods that further broaden the synthesis possibilities. Here we investigated the potential of this method for fabricating photosensing devices through the ability to control the properties of both the deposited copper oxide thin-films as well as nanoparticles of gold. Copper oxide films were obtained on Si wafers by; i) vacuum jet deposition of either Cu or CuxOy layers that were thermally treated to obtain pure CuO phase, ii) spin coating of the Cu or CuxOy nanoparticles (NPs) solution produced by spark ablation which were collected in 2-methoxyethanol. After the CuO nanofilms were obtained, they were decorated with AuNPs by vacuum jet deposition. Phase purity, morphology and particle size were investigated by Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while optical absorption was determined by UV/Vis spectrometry and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). To determine the photocurrent, I/V characteristics were performed both in light and dark conditions. It was determined that produced films show comparable properties with competitive commercial devices.
{"title":"The potential use of spark ablation in development of AgNP decorated copper oxide thin films for photodetection applications","authors":"Floren Radovanović-Perić, V. Mandić, I. Panžić","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938943","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, CuO (p-type) semiconductor thin films have been investigated for sensing applications due to their excellent optical properties and narrow bandgap. It has been proposed that the performance of CuO thin films in photosensing applications depends strongly on the grain size, morphology and nanostructure which introduces the possibility of fabricating these materials by spark ablation, a novel, low cost and efficient method capable of producing controlled and clean nanoparticles with various subsequent deposition methods that further broaden the synthesis possibilities. Here we investigated the potential of this method for fabricating photosensing devices through the ability to control the properties of both the deposited copper oxide thin-films as well as nanoparticles of gold. Copper oxide films were obtained on Si wafers by; i) vacuum jet deposition of either Cu or CuxOy layers that were thermally treated to obtain pure CuO phase, ii) spin coating of the Cu or CuxOy nanoparticles (NPs) solution produced by spark ablation which were collected in 2-methoxyethanol. After the CuO nanofilms were obtained, they were decorated with AuNPs by vacuum jet deposition. Phase purity, morphology and particle size were investigated by Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while optical absorption was determined by UV/Vis spectrometry and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). To determine the photocurrent, I/V characteristics were performed both in light and dark conditions. It was determined that produced films show comparable properties with competitive commercial devices.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129060486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938558
P. Sinha, Liv Hammann
Climate science-based targets have become the state-of-the-art approach for greenhouse gas goal setting by companies and institutions. As companies try to maximize the climate benefit of their renewable energy investments and lower their Scope 3 emissions, climate science-based target setting can be extended to solar facilities themselves. By evaluating the embodied carbon and economic emissions intensity of a solar facility and globally extrapolating, the solar park's temperature alignment can be calculated with the X-Degree Compatibility Model. A case study of 100 MWdc solar facilities in North Carolina indicates that solar facilities are well aligned with global climate goals for a 1.75°C (i.e. 'well below 2°C’) warming scenario. While the analysis shows that both, CdTe and mono-c-Si PV systems, are compatible with the chosen global warming scenario, the CdTe PV system has a lower climate impact, measurable in °C. The most sensitive variables contributing to economic emissions intensity are PPA price, O&M cost, system lifetime, and embodied carbon. Continued progress in lowering the embodied carbon and increasing the lifetime of PV systems is needed to counteract the tendency for increasing economic emissions intensity from declining PPA prices.
{"title":"Assessing the Alignment of Solar Facilities with Global Climate Goals","authors":"P. Sinha, Liv Hammann","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938558","url":null,"abstract":"Climate science-based targets have become the state-of-the-art approach for greenhouse gas goal setting by companies and institutions. As companies try to maximize the climate benefit of their renewable energy investments and lower their Scope 3 emissions, climate science-based target setting can be extended to solar facilities themselves. By evaluating the embodied carbon and economic emissions intensity of a solar facility and globally extrapolating, the solar park's temperature alignment can be calculated with the X-Degree Compatibility Model. A case study of 100 MWdc solar facilities in North Carolina indicates that solar facilities are well aligned with global climate goals for a 1.75°C (i.e. 'well below 2°C’) warming scenario. While the analysis shows that both, CdTe and mono-c-Si PV systems, are compatible with the chosen global warming scenario, the CdTe PV system has a lower climate impact, measurable in °C. The most sensitive variables contributing to economic emissions intensity are PPA price, O&M cost, system lifetime, and embodied carbon. Continued progress in lowering the embodied carbon and increasing the lifetime of PV systems is needed to counteract the tendency for increasing economic emissions intensity from declining PPA prices.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123343578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938880
A. Dow, R. Darbali-Zamora, J. Flicker, F. Palacios, J. Csank
As interest in space exploration grows, developing a lunar habitat has become a key component of extending missions into deep space. To guarantee reliable power management of a lunar habitat's DC microgrid, control schemes are needed that can manage the different assets (batteries, photovoltaics, loads) effectively. Proposed hierarchical control schemes are further developed into hardware solutions using Opal-RT's real-time simulation software and Power Hardware-in-the-Loop platform. Experimental results of a simulated DC microgrid and physical DC/DC components can allow better realization and performance of applications such as battery discharge control.
{"title":"Development of Hierarchical Control for a Lunar Habitat DC Microgrid Model Using Power Hardware-in-the-Loop","authors":"A. Dow, R. Darbali-Zamora, J. Flicker, F. Palacios, J. Csank","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938880","url":null,"abstract":"As interest in space exploration grows, developing a lunar habitat has become a key component of extending missions into deep space. To guarantee reliable power management of a lunar habitat's DC microgrid, control schemes are needed that can manage the different assets (batteries, photovoltaics, loads) effectively. Proposed hierarchical control schemes are further developed into hardware solutions using Opal-RT's real-time simulation software and Power Hardware-in-the-Loop platform. Experimental results of a simulated DC microgrid and physical DC/DC components can allow better realization and performance of applications such as battery discharge control.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123620874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938587
Zach Lustig, T. Shimpi, Akash Shah, W. Sampath
In this paper, the influence of CuCl doping process parameters on the performance of solar cells was studied. The devices were fabricated with graded CdSeTe/CdTe absorber. The critical parameters for CuCl doping process were identified and varied in a 2-level 3-factor statistically designed experiment. The analysis of response data generated from the performance of the devices was analyzed using JMP software. The performances of devices with 19%+ revealed two different optimal processing conditions for CuCl doping.
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