Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938902
Ethan Ford, B. Hoex, I. M. Peters
Air pollution produced by the Australian Black Summer wildfires caused extreme haze events across New South Wales (NSW). We analyzed 30-minute resolution energy data from 160 residential PV systems in NSW from 6 November 2019 to 15 January 2020. A percentile data analysis technique was adapted to derive a mean reduction rate for PV energy generation with PM2.5. The mean power reduction rate for PV systems was approximately $-12.5% pm 2.2%$ per $100 mumathrm{g}/mathrm{m}^{3}$ of PM2.5 for airmass 1.0. The energy loss for residential PV systems was estimated as $39.8pm 7.9$ GWh, equating to a worst-case financial impact of $9.27 pm 1.85$ million AUD. This work aims to help inform PV system planning and energy storage options of new PV systems; and raise awareness of the impact of wildfires and air pollution on solar PV.
澳大利亚黑夏野火造成的空气污染导致新南威尔士州(NSW)出现极端雾霾事件。我们分析了2019年11月6日至2020年1月15日新南威尔士州160个住宅光伏系统的30分钟分辨率能源数据。采用百分位数数据分析技术，得出PM2.5对光伏发电的平均减少率。对于空气质量1.0，光伏系统的平均功率减少率约为每100 mu mathm {g}/ mathm {m}^{3}$ $- 12.5% pm 2.2%$。住宅光伏系统的能源损失估计为39.8美元/千兆瓦时7.9美元/千兆瓦时，相当于最坏情况下9.27美元/千兆瓦时185万澳元的财务影响。这项工作旨在帮助光伏系统规划和新光伏系统的储能选择;并提高人们对野火和空气污染对太阳能光伏的影响的认识。
{"title":"Impact of the 2019-2020 Australian Black Summer Wildfires on Photovoltaic Energy Production","authors":"Ethan Ford, B. Hoex, I. M. Peters","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938902","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution produced by the Australian Black Summer wildfires caused extreme haze events across New South Wales (NSW). We analyzed 30-minute resolution energy data from 160 residential PV systems in NSW from 6 November 2019 to 15 January 2020. A percentile data analysis technique was adapted to derive a mean reduction rate for PV energy generation with PM2.5. The mean power reduction rate for PV systems was approximately $-12.5% pm 2.2%$ per $100 mumathrm{g}/mathrm{m}^{3}$ of PM2.5 for airmass 1.0. The energy loss for residential PV systems was estimated as $39.8pm 7.9$ GWh, equating to a worst-case financial impact of $9.27 pm 1.85$ million AUD. This work aims to help inform PV system planning and energy storage options of new PV systems; and raise awareness of the impact of wildfires and air pollution on solar PV.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114947107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938700
A. Soman, G. Obikoya, S. Johnston, Stephen B. Harvey, U. Das, S. Hegedus
The open-circuit voltage of Silicon Heterojunction (HJ) cells can be improved by using extrinsic hydrogen plasma treatment (HPT) to reduce the trap states (NT) which we have verified using Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS). However, hydrogen has been associated with long-term degradation. We have investigated the stability of HJ cells with and without HPT using accelerated degradation (1-sun illumination, $boldsymbol{90^{circ}}mathbf{C}$ temperature, argon ambient for 1000 hours). The stability has been studied using DLTS, current-voltage, and Suns-Voc. Our results show HPT cells are stable and maintain their higher Voc and lower NT after accelerated degradation.
{"title":"Stability of Silicon Heterojunction solar cells having hydrogen plasma treated intrinsic layer","authors":"A. Soman, G. Obikoya, S. Johnston, Stephen B. Harvey, U. Das, S. Hegedus","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938700","url":null,"abstract":"The open-circuit voltage of Silicon Heterojunction (HJ) cells can be improved by using extrinsic hydrogen plasma treatment (HPT) to reduce the trap states (NT) which we have verified using Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS). However, hydrogen has been associated with long-term degradation. We have investigated the stability of HJ cells with and without HPT using accelerated degradation (1-sun illumination, $boldsymbol{90^{circ}}mathbf{C}$ temperature, argon ambient for 1000 hours). The stability has been studied using DLTS, current-voltage, and Suns-Voc. Our results show HPT cells are stable and maintain their higher Voc and lower NT after accelerated degradation.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122379573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938875
Ivan Cano-Prades, Alejandro Navarro-Güell, S. Giraldo, J. Puigdollers, M. Placidi, E. Saucedo
Emerging 1D van der Waals chalco-halide semiconductors are attracting a lot of interest as photovoltaic absorbers, due to their unique structural, electrical and optical properties. In particular, the mixed chalco-halide compound SbSeI, that tends to easily form highly crystalline nanowires, have demonstrated efficiencies exceeding 4%, with a bandgap of 1.80 eV, and a synthesis temperature below 300°C. These properties are very interesting for its possible future application in tandem solar cells concepts among others. In this work, SbSeI micro-columnar solar cells are obtained by an innovative process based on the selective iodination of Sb2Se3 layers at high pressures, by using SbI3 as iodine source. Annealing parameters such as temperature, time and pressure are investigated, and a complete morphological, structural and compositional characterization of the absorbers is performed. We observe a self-catalyzed solid-liquid-vapor transformation process of Sb2Se3 thin films into micro-columnar SbSeI at annealing temperatures above 250°C. Highly crystalline micro-columnar structures are obtained as it is demonstrated by XRD and TEM analysis, which sizes strongly depends on the annealing temperature, time and pressure. The extracted activation energy of the processes suggests that the SbSeI micro-columns are formed very fast thanks to the release of liquid Se during the decomposition of Sb2Se3 under iodine atmosphere. First solar cell prototypes were fabricated using standard thin film solar cell substrate configuration, demonstrating devices with an open-circuit-voltage higher than 550 mV and conversion efficiencies close to 1%, which are currently limited by the low short-circuit current and fill factor, due to the deficient coverage of the front contact. Finally, a complete analysis of the SbSeI materials and solar cell devices will be presented, together with strategies to control de size and orientation of the micro-columns, and the improvement of the front contact interfaces.
{"title":"Novel 1D van der Waals SbSeI micro-columnar solar cells by a self-catalyzed high pressure process","authors":"Ivan Cano-Prades, Alejandro Navarro-Güell, S. Giraldo, J. Puigdollers, M. Placidi, E. Saucedo","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938875","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging 1D van der Waals chalco-halide semiconductors are attracting a lot of interest as photovoltaic absorbers, due to their unique structural, electrical and optical properties. In particular, the mixed chalco-halide compound SbSeI, that tends to easily form highly crystalline nanowires, have demonstrated efficiencies exceeding 4%, with a bandgap of 1.80 eV, and a synthesis temperature below 300°C. These properties are very interesting for its possible future application in tandem solar cells concepts among others. In this work, SbSeI micro-columnar solar cells are obtained by an innovative process based on the selective iodination of Sb2Se3 layers at high pressures, by using SbI3 as iodine source. Annealing parameters such as temperature, time and pressure are investigated, and a complete morphological, structural and compositional characterization of the absorbers is performed. We observe a self-catalyzed solid-liquid-vapor transformation process of Sb2Se3 thin films into micro-columnar SbSeI at annealing temperatures above 250°C. Highly crystalline micro-columnar structures are obtained as it is demonstrated by XRD and TEM analysis, which sizes strongly depends on the annealing temperature, time and pressure. The extracted activation energy of the processes suggests that the SbSeI micro-columns are formed very fast thanks to the release of liquid Se during the decomposition of Sb2Se3 under iodine atmosphere. First solar cell prototypes were fabricated using standard thin film solar cell substrate configuration, demonstrating devices with an open-circuit-voltage higher than 550 mV and conversion efficiencies close to 1%, which are currently limited by the low short-circuit current and fill factor, due to the deficient coverage of the front contact. Finally, a complete analysis of the SbSeI materials and solar cell devices will be presented, together with strategies to control de size and orientation of the micro-columns, and the improvement of the front contact interfaces.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122518849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938937
A. Habte, M. Sengupta, Yu Xie, Grant Buster, Michael Rossol, P. Edwards, Galen Maclaurin, Evan G. Rosenlieb, Jaemo Yang, Haiku Sky, M. Bannister, B. Roberts
The National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB) has evolved significantly since the first release of the point source database in 1992. The NSRDB has become the industry standard for public long-term time-series solar resource data for performance and economic analysis of solar energy projects. NREL continuously updates the scientific methods and spatiotemporal scale of the NSRDB data based on new research and improvements in satellite technology. Currently the NSRDB covers most of the globe and is a publicly available database of high-resolution solar resource data in the U.S. with over 150,000 users annually. NSRDB represents the state of the art in satellite-based estimation of solar resource information and uses a unique physics-based modeling approach that allows improvements in accuracy with the deployment of the next-generation geostationary satellites. This paper will cover the evolution of the NSRDB, current status of the database including estimated uncertainty and spatiotemporal scale and variability, and the advancement in modeling approach.
{"title":"The National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB): Current Status","authors":"A. Habte, M. Sengupta, Yu Xie, Grant Buster, Michael Rossol, P. Edwards, Galen Maclaurin, Evan G. Rosenlieb, Jaemo Yang, Haiku Sky, M. Bannister, B. Roberts","doi":"10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938937","url":null,"abstract":"The National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB) has evolved significantly since the first release of the point source database in 1992. The NSRDB has become the industry standard for public long-term time-series solar resource data for performance and economic analysis of solar energy projects. NREL continuously updates the scientific methods and spatiotemporal scale of the NSRDB data based on new research and improvements in satellite technology. Currently the NSRDB covers most of the globe and is a publicly available database of high-resolution solar resource data in the U.S. with over 150,000 users annually. NSRDB represents the state of the art in satellite-based estimation of solar resource information and uses a unique physics-based modeling approach that allows improvements in accuracy with the deployment of the next-generation geostationary satellites. This paper will cover the evolution of the NSRDB, current status of the database including estimated uncertainty and spatiotemporal scale and variability, and the advancement in modeling approach.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122501196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938836
M. O'neill, C. Youtsey
A novel transparent window for PV modules and other surfaces has recently been developed to both eliminate glare and minimize front-surface reflections. The new window technology can be implemented with a thin, ultra-light curvilinear prismatic film which can be attached directly to PV cells or to another planar window layer such as glass over the PV cells. The new curvilinear prismatic window technology can be applied to both space and ground PV modules using appropriate materials and coatings. Analysis and testing have demonstrated the performance gains offered by the new technology as well as the elimination of glare.
{"title":"Curvilinear Prismatic Window Which Eliminates Glare and Reduces Front-Surface Reflections for PV Modules and Other Surfaces","authors":"M. O'neill, C. Youtsey","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938836","url":null,"abstract":"A novel transparent window for PV modules and other surfaces has recently been developed to both eliminate glare and minimize front-surface reflections. The new window technology can be implemented with a thin, ultra-light curvilinear prismatic film which can be attached directly to PV cells or to another planar window layer such as glass over the PV cells. The new curvilinear prismatic window technology can be applied to both space and ground PV modules using appropriate materials and coatings. Analysis and testing have demonstrated the performance gains offered by the new technology as well as the elimination of glare.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114275784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Nielsen, Andreas Pusch, M. H. Sazzad, P. Pearce, P. Reece, N. Ekins‐Daukes
Thermoradiative power generation is achieved through the emission of light from a warm ambient into a cold surroundings representing a thermodynamically symmetric counterpart to photovoltaic solar power generation. The thermoradiative diode provides a semiconductor implementation of this process whereby radiative emission from a warm diode into a cold environment expels more entropy than supplied by the flow of heat to the diode, hence permitting work to be performed. Under these conditions a reverse bias spontaneously forms across the diode allowing an electrical current to flow and hence delivering electrical power. We report the full IV characteristics from a 0.3eV HgCdTe diode was held at 20.5C and exposed to a radiant surface of different temperatures. Thermoradiative power is generated when the diode faces a cold(< 20.5C surface) delivering a positive photocurrent and negative voltage. In the radiative limit, where all parasitic processes are eliminated, a thermoradiative diode exposed to the cold night sky could deliver electrical power densities of the order of tens of W/ m2, offering the tantalizing prospect of generating useful quantities of electrical power. The linear behaviour of our IV curves is consistent with Auger mediated generation and recombination processes that reduce the power density for currently available commercial diodes to mW/cm2.
{"title":"Demonstrating the Thermoradiative Diode: Generating Electrical Power Through Radiative Emission","authors":"M. Nielsen, Andreas Pusch, M. H. Sazzad, P. Pearce, P. Reece, N. Ekins‐Daukes","doi":"10.1117/12.2631707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2631707","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoradiative power generation is achieved through the emission of light from a warm ambient into a cold surroundings representing a thermodynamically symmetric counterpart to photovoltaic solar power generation. The thermoradiative diode provides a semiconductor implementation of this process whereby radiative emission from a warm diode into a cold environment expels more entropy than supplied by the flow of heat to the diode, hence permitting work to be performed. Under these conditions a reverse bias spontaneously forms across the diode allowing an electrical current to flow and hence delivering electrical power. We report the full IV characteristics from a 0.3eV HgCdTe diode was held at 20.5C and exposed to a radiant surface of different temperatures. Thermoradiative power is generated when the diode faces a cold(< 20.5C surface) delivering a positive photocurrent and negative voltage. In the radiative limit, where all parasitic processes are eliminated, a thermoradiative diode exposed to the cold night sky could deliver electrical power densities of the order of tens of W/ m2, offering the tantalizing prospect of generating useful quantities of electrical power. The linear behaviour of our IV curves is consistent with Auger mediated generation and recombination processes that reduce the power density for currently available commercial diodes to mW/cm2.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121877499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938771
Cynthia Farha, E. Planès, L. Perrin, David Martineau, L. Flandin
Among alternative device structures, carbon-based perovskite solar cells look highly promising due to their inherent high stability. A one step perovskite solution with ammonium valeric acid iodide additive was pipetted to infiltrate the mesoporous layers through the carbon layer. To further investigate their stability, aging campaigns at 85°C/85%RH have been conducted during 1000 h. In this study, matured encapsulated system based on glass and a surlyn gasket was used, enabling the humidity permeation up to solar cells and inducing probably an accelerated degradation of devices. Thanks to dedicated characterization techniques, the local performances have been correlated to the degradation inhomogeneity.
{"title":"Interrelated Characterizations of 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells Aged Under Damp Heat Conditions","authors":"Cynthia Farha, E. Planès, L. Perrin, David Martineau, L. Flandin","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938771","url":null,"abstract":"Among alternative device structures, carbon-based perovskite solar cells look highly promising due to their inherent high stability. A one step perovskite solution with ammonium valeric acid iodide additive was pipetted to infiltrate the mesoporous layers through the carbon layer. To further investigate their stability, aging campaigns at 85°C/85%RH have been conducted during 1000 h. In this study, matured encapsulated system based on glass and a surlyn gasket was used, enabling the humidity permeation up to solar cells and inducing probably an accelerated degradation of devices. Thanks to dedicated characterization techniques, the local performances have been correlated to the degradation inhomogeneity.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121897160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938545
P. Diop, Papa Touty Traore, Papa Monzon Alassane Samake, Babou Dione, Fatimata Ba, Modou Pilor
A study of the effect of magnetic field temperature on a parallel vertical junction silicon solar cell in open circuit transient is presented in this work. The transitory density of excess minority carriers appears as the sum of infinite terms. The decay time between the density of minority carriers and the different harmonic states is studied. Optimizing the thickness of the base allows us to determine optimal temperatures that will constantly increase the transient decay time.
{"title":"Influence of temperature and magnetic field on the transient voltage decay of a silicon solar cell with parallel vertical junction in open circuit","authors":"P. Diop, Papa Touty Traore, Papa Monzon Alassane Samake, Babou Dione, Fatimata Ba, Modou Pilor","doi":"10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938545","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the effect of magnetic field temperature on a parallel vertical junction silicon solar cell in open circuit transient is presented in this work. The transitory density of excess minority carriers appears as the sum of infinite terms. The decay time between the density of minority carriers and the different harmonic states is studied. Optimizing the thickness of the base allows us to determine optimal temperatures that will constantly increase the transient decay time.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122178705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938538
Phillip Jahelka, H. Atwater, A. Ptak, C. Frank-Rotsch, F. Kießling, Cora M. Went, M. Kelzenberg
We report advances in low-cost GaAs photovoltaic device processing. First, we developed an open-tube zinc diffusion technique for forming p-type layers with sheet resistance less than 100 ohms per square on GaAs and InP. Second, we use this technique along with chemical surface passivation to fabricate GaAs solar cells that, uncertified, achieve Voc = 964 mV Voc, FF = 82% FF, Jsc, = 29.8 mAcm-2 Jsc, and 23.5% efficiency. Third, we discovered GaAs cells with long hole diffusion length can be made byfabricated from wafers growing obtained from GaAs ingots grown in a part of the phase diagram thate minimizes the EL2 defect. Fourth, we show an in-air, precious metal-free process for making ohmic contacts to n-type GaAs.
{"title":"23.5% Efficiency GaAs Solar Cells Fabricated with Low-cost, Non-vacuum Processing","authors":"Phillip Jahelka, H. Atwater, A. Ptak, C. Frank-Rotsch, F. Kießling, Cora M. Went, M. Kelzenberg","doi":"10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938538","url":null,"abstract":"We report advances in low-cost GaAs photovoltaic device processing. First, we developed an open-tube zinc diffusion technique for forming p-type layers with sheet resistance less than 100 ohms per square on GaAs and InP. Second, we use this technique along with chemical surface passivation to fabricate GaAs solar cells that, uncertified, achieve Voc = 964 mV Voc, FF = 82% FF, Jsc, = 29.8 mAcm-2 Jsc, and 23.5% efficiency. Third, we discovered GaAs cells with long hole diffusion length can be made byfabricated from wafers growing obtained from GaAs ingots grown in a part of the phase diagram thate minimizes the EL2 defect. Fourth, we show an in-air, precious metal-free process for making ohmic contacts to n-type GaAs.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128724308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938658
G. Oreski, C. Barretta, A. Macher, G. Eder, L. Neumaier, M. Feichtner, M. Aarnio-Winterhof
Co-extruded backsheets based on polypropylene (PP) are an interesting alternative to laminated backsheets containing polyester films (PET). Backsheet cracking has become a frequent failure mode in the last years, causing not only safety issues but on the long term also reducing the lifetime of PV modules. In this work the crack susceptibility of three different backsheets was investigated using solder bump coupon specimens: two co-extruded backsheets based on polyamide (P A) and PP, together with one laminated backsheet containing a PET core layer and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) outer layers. The solder bump coupons were exposed to test sequence of exposure to UV light followed by thermal cycles. Overall, the PP as well as the PVF-PE T backsheet showed excellent stability and no susceptibility to material embrittlement or cracking. By comparison, the PA based backsheets showed next to significant discoloration also strong cracking after a few test cycles. Overall, the study confirms that co-extruded PP backsheets show great potential to be a valid replacement of standard PET based backsheets in PV modules.
{"title":"Investigation of the crack propensity of co-extruded polypropylene based backsheets","authors":"G. Oreski, C. Barretta, A. Macher, G. Eder, L. Neumaier, M. Feichtner, M. Aarnio-Winterhof","doi":"10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938658","url":null,"abstract":"Co-extruded backsheets based on polypropylene (PP) are an interesting alternative to laminated backsheets containing polyester films (PET). Backsheet cracking has become a frequent failure mode in the last years, causing not only safety issues but on the long term also reducing the lifetime of PV modules. In this work the crack susceptibility of three different backsheets was investigated using solder bump coupon specimens: two co-extruded backsheets based on polyamide (P A) and PP, together with one laminated backsheet containing a PET core layer and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) outer layers. The solder bump coupons were exposed to test sequence of exposure to UV light followed by thermal cycles. Overall, the PP as well as the PVF-PE T backsheet showed excellent stability and no susceptibility to material embrittlement or cracking. By comparison, the PA based backsheets showed next to significant discoloration also strong cracking after a few test cycles. Overall, the study confirms that co-extruded PP backsheets show great potential to be a valid replacement of standard PET based backsheets in PV modules.","PeriodicalId":435386,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"469 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128781017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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