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Toward a Theopolitical of the “International” 走向“国际”的神权政治
IF 0.1 4区 社会学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3817/0623203171
Spiros Makris
Vassilios Paipais, ed. Theology and World Politics: Metaphysics, Genealogies, Political Theologies. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020. Pp. xiv + 349. Political theology represents one of the most fundamental subfields of contemporary political theory and international political theory. Since the 1920s, when Carl Schmitt introduced the respective terminology in the broader field of social and political sciences, political theology has developed in a dynamic way, composing, one way or another, a broader interdisciplinary field in which philosophy, theology, and politics are fruitfully interconnected.
《神学与世界政治:形而上学、宗谱、政治神学》,Vassilios Paipais主编。Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020。页14 + 349。政治神学是当代政治理论和国际政治理论最基本的分支领域之一。自20世纪20年代以来,当卡尔·施密特在更广泛的社会科学和政治科学领域引入各自的术语时,政治神学以一种充满活力的方式发展,以这样或那样的方式构成了一个更广泛的跨学科领域,其中哲学,神学和政治是富有成效的相互联系。
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引用次数: 0
Constitutional Origins of Ethnic Nationalism: Cultural Aporia of a Nation-State 民族民族主义的宪法渊源:民族国家的文化焦虑
IF 0.1 4区 社会学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3817/0323202123
Zaal Andronikashvili
In the spring of 2021, the president of the European Council, Charles Michel, received a non-paper titled “West Balkans—A Way Forward.” The scandalous paper envisaged a redrawing of several national borders in the West Balkans. Among other changes, it proposed “the unification of Kosovo and Albania” and the “joining of larger parts of the Republika Srpska’s territory with Serbia.”1 However, this scandalous proposition, which the EU preferred to meet with silence, was not limited to a redrawing of the borders. What was also scandalous was the ratio of the proposed territorial changes. The redrawing was proposed along the lines of ethnic majorities populating the regions in question (Albanians in Kosovo or Serbs in the Republika Srpska). While the state borders were drawn following a logic of ethnicity, the idea of a multiethnic nation seemed to exceed the imagination of the paper’s authors. For them, nations were to be ethnically homogeneous.
2021年春天,欧洲理事会主席查尔斯·米歇尔收到了一份名为“西巴尔干-前进之路”的非文件。这份令人震惊的文件设想在西巴尔干重新划定几个国家的边界。在其他变化中,它提出了“科索沃和阿尔巴尼亚的统一”以及“塞族共和国的大部分领土与塞尔维亚的合并”。然而,这一可耻的提议,欧盟宁愿保持沉默,并不局限于重新划定边界。同样令人反感的是拟议领土变更的比例。有人建议按照居住在有关地区的多数民族(科索沃境内的阿尔巴尼亚人或斯普斯卡共和国境内的塞尔维亚人)重新划分。虽然国家边界是按照种族逻辑划定的,但多民族国家的想法似乎超出了论文作者的想象。对他们来说,民族应该是同质的。
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引用次数: 0
Identity Discourses in Western Late Modernity and the Notion of “Liminal Space” 西方晚期现代性的身份话语与“阈限空间”概念
IF 0.1 4区 社会学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3817/0323202103
H. Behr, Felix Rösch
1. Introduction Constructing narratives that can combat people’s unease about their sense of belonging, by providing a sense of certainty and steadfastness, is a recurrent affect in the history of humanity.1 Perhaps change is, however, the only constant in this history. Over a hundred years ago, Max Weber bemoaned the transition to a rationalized modernity as “the disenchantment of the world,”2 which in turn had been inspired by similar concerns expressed by Friedrich Schiller in his poem “The Gods of Greece” (“Die Götter Griechenlands”) at the end of the eighteenth century.3 Intensifying scholarly debates across the humanities and social sciences, asking questions about what people experience as fundamental changes to the fabric of their lived realities and how they cope with it, further indicate that Western societies are in transition in the present day. There is, however, disagreement over whether the human condition simply observes changes or whether it transforms into a qualitatively new stage, one that has been termed postmodernity, late modernity, and liquid modernity.4 Nevertheless, there is a consensus among scholars that contemporary realities unfold in contrast to social imaginaries that have defined Western societies and senses of belonging since the “global transformation” took place in the nineteenth century. This transformation still “underpins core aspects of contemporary international relations,” as Barry Buzan and George Lawson contend.5 Even today, social imaginaries are narrated—and criticized as such—in grand terms, often with a focus on the nation and a (however conceived) glorious future.
1. 构建叙事,通过提供一种确定性和坚定感,来对抗人们对归属感的不安,是人类历史上反复出现的一种影响然而,也许变化是这段历史中唯一不变的东西。一百多年前,马克斯·韦伯哀叹向理性现代性的过渡是“世界的幻灭”,这反过来又受到了弗里德里希·席勒在十八世纪末的诗歌《希腊诸神》(Die Götter Griechenlands)中表达的类似担忧的启发人文和社会科学领域的学术辩论日益激烈,人们对生活现实结构的根本变化经历了什么,以及他们如何应对这些变化,这些问题进一步表明,当今西方社会正处于转型之中。然而,对于人类状况是简单地观察变化,还是转变为一个质的新阶段,即所谓的后现代性、晚期现代性和流动现代性,存在分歧然而,学者们一致认为,自19世纪发生“全球转型”以来,当代现实与定义西方社会和归属感的社会想象形成鲜明对比。正如巴里·布赞(Barry Buzan)和乔治·劳森(George Lawson)所主张的那样,这种转变仍然“支撑着当代国际关系的核心方面”即使在今天,社会想象也被用宏大的术语来叙述和批评,通常关注的是国家和一个(无论如何构想的)辉煌的未来。
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引用次数: 0
Queer Ontogeny and the Circuits of Sexuality; or, On the Queerness of Theory 酷儿个体发生与性的循环或者《论理论的古怪性
4区 社会学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3817/0923204101
Kevin S. Amidon
Queer theory has a problem. This problem does not belong uniquely to queer theory, for it is common to and has consequences for all theory— social, psychological, literary, natural scientific, or otherwise—that seeks categories for the explanation of human phenomena. Queer theory, however, encounters and embodies this problem in uniquely significant ways. Queer theory seems, in fact, to have developed largely out of the friction generated by this problem in other earlier forms of theory—and may thus, ironically, contain the only adequate answer to it.1 This problem is also hardly new, for it has exercised philosophers and critics from Kierkegaard to Feyerabend, from Kant to Žižek, from Schelling to de Man, Adorno, and Butler. It is the misery and the majesty of all theory. It is the tyranny of the universal over the particular.
酷儿理论有一个问题。这个问题并不仅仅属于酷儿理论,因为它是所有理论——社会的、心理的、文学的、自然科学的或其他的——寻求解释人类现象的范畴的共同问题,并对它们产生影响。然而,酷儿理论却以独特而重要的方式遇到并体现了这个问题。事实上,酷儿理论似乎在很大程度上是从其他早期形式的理论中由这个问题产生的摩擦中发展起来的——因此,具有讽刺意味的是,它可能包含了对这个问题的唯一适当的答案这个问题也并不新鲜,因为它困扰着从克尔凯郭尔到费耶阿本德,从康德到Žižek,从谢林到德曼,阿多诺和巴特勒的哲学家和评论家。这是所有理论的痛苦和威严。这是普遍对特殊的暴政。
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引用次数: 0
Dignity and Human Rights: Aspirations and Challenges in an Age of Political Divisions, Distrust, and AI 尊严与人权:政治分裂、不信任和人工智能时代的愿望与挑战
IF 0.1 4区 社会学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3817/0623203021
M. Minow
The reasons why individual nations and even individual people subscribe to notions of human rights vary enormously. Rationales range from idealism to realpolitik and sound in competing registers of theology, social contract, nature, utility, and game theory.1 Pervasive in discussions of human rights is the dignity of each person as both a reality and a normative guide. Capacious and ambiguous, this notion of dignity may invite agreement precisely because different people project different meanings onto it. Its recognition, though, can inspire attitudes of respect and civility even when we disagree. Dignity thus serves less as a foundation and more as a lodestar, an aspiration. Justice Thurgood Marshall once explained, “A child born to a [B]lack mother in a state like Mississippi… has exactly the same rights as a white baby born to the wealthiest person in the United States. It’s not true, but I challenge anyone to say it is not a goal worth working for.”2
各个国家甚至个人认同人权观念的原因差别很大。基本原理的范围从理想主义到现实政治,并在神学、社会契约、自然、效用和博弈论等领域相互竞争在关于人权的讨论中,普遍存在的是每个人的尊严,这既是一种现实,也是一种规范指南。这个关于尊严的概念宽泛而模棱两可,正是因为不同的人赋予它不同的含义,它才会得到认同。然而,即使我们意见不一致,对它的承认也能激发尊重和文明的态度。因此,尊严与其说是一种基础,不如说是一颗指路明灯,一种抱负。瑟古德·马歇尔大法官曾解释说:“在密西西比州这样的州,黑人母亲所生的孩子……与美国最富有的人所生的白人婴儿享有完全相同的权利。”这不是真的,但我敢说这不是一个值得为之努力的目标。
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引用次数: 0
Belonging in Aboriginal Australia: A Political “Cosmography” 澳大利亚原住民的归属:政治“宇宙观”
IF 0.1 4区 社会学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3817/0323202067
S. Muecke
1. Introduction It is an increasingly accepted protocol to situate oneself discursively in order to approach a set of problems. This protocol, consolidated by Donna Haraway’s famous “situated knowledge,” is also evident in everyday Indigenous Australian practice.1 I begin, therefore, with my long association with the Goolarabooloo community in Broome, North-West Australia, and in particular with Paddy Roe, who started teaching me in the late 1970s. This text attempts to translate his sense of belonging to that territory, an attachment he had to struggle to maintain, both in the face of ongoing destructive colonization and also in the face of other Aboriginal territorial claims. These collective attachments are therefore inflected by history—not just settler history, but Indigenous history that has changed in relation to colonization. These changes are wrought through overwhelmingly rapid material changes, shifting institutional alliances, contested concepts, and new practices. This ethnographic history is an attempt to provide an overview of some of these changes in the North-West corner of Australia over the last forty years.
1. 为了解决一系列问题,将自己置于话语中是一种越来越被接受的方法。Donna Haraway著名的“情境知识”巩固了这一协议,在澳大利亚土著的日常实践中也很明显因此,我从我与澳大利亚西北部布鲁姆的gooolarabooloo社区的长期联系开始,特别是与Paddy Roe,他在20世纪70年代末开始教我。这篇文章试图翻译他对那片领土的归属感,一种他必须努力维持的依恋,无论是面对持续的破坏性殖民还是面对其他土著领土要求。因此,这些集体依恋受到历史的影响——不仅仅是定居者的历史,还有与殖民有关的土著历史。这些变化是通过极其迅速的物质变化、不断变化的制度联盟、有争议的概念和新的实践来实现的。这段民族志历史试图对过去四十年来澳大利亚西北角的一些变化提供一个概述。
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引用次数: 0
The Early Christian Origins of Secularization 早期基督教的世俗化起源
IF 0.1 4区 社会学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3817/0323202155
Eric Hendriks-Kim
David Lloyd Dusenbury, The Innocence of Pontius Pilate: How the Roman Trial of Jesus Shaped History. London: Hurst Publishers, 2021. Pp. 272. The Innocence of Pontius Pilate by David L. Dusenbury of the Danube Institute is a profound reflection on the differentiation of secular and religious authority that should excite theologians, historians, believers, as well as historical sociologists. The point of departure is the question of the innocence or guilt of Pilate, the Roman magistrate who condemned Jesus to death, which has been a contested issue from soon after Jesus died to modern New Testament criticism. Was Pilate guilty of the highest crime— deicide—or had he been, in some sense, innocent or even just? More interesting than a mere overview of how different epochs and authors received the Pilate story, Dusenbury’s book investigates the ramifications of the only sense in which Pilate was innocent: he was innocent of an understanding of a kingdom not of this earth. As Paul puts it succinctly in I Corinthians: “None of the rulers of this age (saeculum) understood this [other kingdom]—for if they had, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory” (55).
大卫·劳埃德·杜森伯里,《无罪的本丢·彼拉多:罗马人对耶稣的审判如何塑造了历史》。伦敦:赫斯特出版社,2021。272页。多瑙河研究所的大卫·l·杜森伯里的《本提乌斯·彼拉多的无罪》是对世俗权威和宗教权威分化的深刻反思,应该会让神学家、历史学家、信徒以及历史社会学家兴奋不已。本书的出发点是判处耶稣死刑的罗马法官彼拉多是无罪还是有罪的问题,从耶稣死后不久到现代新约批评,这个问题一直是一个有争议的问题。彼拉多是否犯了最高的罪——谋杀?或者在某种意义上,他是无辜的,甚至是公正的?杜森伯里的书比仅仅概述不同时代和作者对彼拉多故事的看法更有趣的是,他调查了彼拉多无罪的唯一意义上的后果:他对一个王国而不是这个地球的理解是无辜的。正如保罗在《哥林多前书》中简洁地说:“这个时代的统治者没有一个明白这个[另一个王国],因为如果他们知道,他们就不会把荣耀的主钉在十字架上了。”
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引用次数: 0
The Commission on Unalienable Rights: Where Do We Go from Here? 不可剥夺权利委员会:我们何去何从?
IF 0.1 4区 社会学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3817/0623203011
M. Glendon
When the U.S. State Department Commission on Unalienable Rights issued its report1 on August 26, 2020, one of the questions most frequently asked by journalists was: “What do you expect to become of it?” Or, as one put it more bluntly, “What will prevent this report from just accumulating dust on some forgotten library shelf?”
2020年8月26日,美国国务院“不可剥夺权利委员会”发布报告时,记者们最常被问到的问题之一是:“你希望它变成什么样子?”或者,就像有人说得更直白的那样,“有什么能防止这份报告只是在某个被遗忘的图书馆书架上堆积灰尘呢?”
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引用次数: 0
We, Voluntary Victorians: Foucault’sHistory of SexualityVolume 1 Revisited 我们,自愿的维多利亚人:福柯的性史第一卷重访
4区 社会学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3817/0923204081
Mark G. E. Kelly
As we near the semicentennial of the 1976 publication of the first volume of Foucault’s History of Sexuality, for all its influence in the interim, this work remains today extraordinarily challenging in relation to our sexual mores. In this article, I will attempt to reapply its insights to analyze contemporary trends in sexuality and gender. Questions that I will consider include the continuing applicability of Foucault’s analyses, to what extent and how they may need to be revised in light of historical developments, and what reading Foucault can tell us about our contemporary conjuncture. I will argue that volume 1 of The History of Sexuality remains highly relevant in this regard, although I will also indicate some ways in which things have moved on since Foucault’s time, and thus in which his thesis might be modified. Despite Foucault having apparently been extremely influential on academic thinking about sex, we seem nonetheless to have become or remained “other Victorians,” perversely mimicking the nineteenth-century sexology that Foucault pilloried. I will argue that we have continued to believe exactly the great myths about sex that Foucault sought to dispense with: namely, that sexuality has primarily been shaped by historic “repression,” that sexuality needs to be “liberated” from this repression, and that there is a “truth of sex” that is on the side of freedom. These beliefs have all mutated, however, to the extent that questions of sex (like many other social questions) are increasingly oriented around individual identities and the supposed sovereignty of the individual to determine their own truth.
1976年,福柯的《性史》第一卷出版了50周年,尽管它在这期间产生了巨大的影响,但这本书在今天仍然与我们的性观念有关,这是一个非常具有挑战性的问题。在这篇文章中,我将尝试重新运用它的见解来分析当代性和性别的趋势。我将考虑的问题包括福柯分析的持续适用性,在多大程度上以及如何根据历史发展对其进行修订,以及阅读福柯可以告诉我们关于我们当代危机的什么。我认为,《性史》第一卷在这方面仍然是高度相关的,尽管我也会指出,自福柯时代以来,事物在某些方面发生了变化,因此,他的论点可能会被修改。尽管福柯显然对性的学术思想有着极大的影响,但我们似乎已经成为或仍然是“其他维多利亚人”,反常地模仿福柯所嘲笑的19世纪性学。我想说的是,我们一直在相信福柯试图摒弃的关于性的伟大神话:也就是说,性主要是由历史的“压抑”塑造的,性需要从这种压抑中“解放”出来,而且存在一种站在自由一边的“性的真理”。然而,这些信念都发生了变化,以至于性问题(像许多其他社会问题一样)越来越多地以个人身份和个人决定自己真相的所谓主权为导向。
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引用次数: 0
The End of Affirmative Action Will Help Blacks and Hispanics 结束平权法案将帮助黑人和西班牙裔
4区 社会学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3817/0923204163
Pan Pan
One of the great achievements of American history has been the development of a broad consensus that racial discrimination has no place in our society, to the point that there is virtually no one who would openly espouse racist views. Even the divisions concerning affirmative action presume an underlying consensus that racial discrimination needs to be opposed and eliminated. The primary dispute is about the means of achieving a society without racism. Thus, in their differing reactions to the Supreme Court’s ruling against affirmative action in college admissions in Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard, the Wall Street Journal and the New York Times still agreed on the basic goal of eliminating racial discrimination.1 The disagreements are about the means to this end. In fact, there are good reasons to conclude that the end of affirmative action will help Blacks and Hispanics.
美国历史上最伟大的成就之一就是形成了一种广泛的共识,即种族歧视在我们的社会中没有立足之地,以至于几乎没有人会公开支持种族主义观点。即使是关于平权行动的分歧也假定了一个基本共识,即种族歧视需要被反对和消除。主要的争论是关于如何实现一个没有种族主义的社会。因此,尽管《华尔街日报》和《纽约时报》对最高法院在“学生公平录取”诉哈佛案中反对大学录取平权法案的裁决反应不同,但它们在消除种族歧视的基本目标上仍然是一致的分歧在于实现这一目标的手段。事实上,我们有充分的理由得出结论,结束平权法案将有利于黑人和西班牙裔。
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引用次数: 0
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