Abstract Motion event description has received little attention in contact linguistics as compared to other branches of linguistics. To address this gap, I provide an overview of the grammatical and lexical resources for the encoding of motion events in Gulf Pidgin Arabic (GPA). 10 GPA speakers narrated the story of a boy, his dog, and his missing pet frog. The results revealed: (a) the participants used a relatively large number of path verbs and a comprehensive number of spatial particles; (b) they showed an overwhelming aversion to the description of manner in boundary-crossing and caused motion situations; and (c) they engineered coercive constructions to deal with semantically complex situations. Taken together, the linguistic evidence suggests GPA is developing into a verb-framed language type. This study adds a significant methodological and empirical weight to the existing literature and has the potential to encourage intra- and inter-disciplinary comparative work on motion event description.
{"title":"What can the stories of a frog tell us about motion event description in Gulf Pidgin Arabic?","authors":"Imed Louhichi","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00122.lou","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00122.lou","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Motion event description has received little attention in contact linguistics as compared to other branches of linguistics. To address this gap, I provide an overview of the grammatical and lexical resources for the encoding of motion events in Gulf Pidgin Arabic (GPA). 10 GPA speakers narrated the story of a boy, his dog, and his missing pet frog. The results revealed: (a) the participants used a relatively large number of path verbs and a comprehensive number of spatial particles; (b) they showed an overwhelming aversion to the description of manner in boundary-crossing and caused motion situations; and (c) they engineered coercive constructions to deal with semantically complex situations. Taken together, the linguistic evidence suggests GPA is developing into a verb-framed language type. This study adds a significant methodological and empirical weight to the existing literature and has the potential to encourage intra- and inter-disciplinary comparative work on motion event description.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Barrière, Blandine Joseph, Katsiaryna Aharodnik, Sarah Kresh, Guetjens Prince Fleurio, G. Legendre, T. Nazzi
The present multidimensional study investigates the acquisition of pronominal subject-verb dependencies in Standard Haitian Creole (HC). A corpus analysis confirms that HC subject pronouns are phonological clitics in the target grammar and that their reduction is optional and unpredictable. The comprehension and production of dependencies involving these subject pronouns in 20 preschoolers acquiring HC as their first language were investigated. While the production of third person singular and plural subject pronouns l(i) and y(o) reveals early mastery of adult constraints on their phonological reductions, the systematic assignments of l(i) to singular subjects vs. y(o) to plural subjects of the verb in the syntactic dependency emerge later, in both production and comprehension. The few syntactic contexts in which HC-learning children show evidence of comprehension involve full forms, rather than phonological reductions. Possible factors that explain these findings include the relative unpredictability of their forms and the linguistic status of HC pronouns.
{"title":"A multidimensional perspective on the acquisition of subject-verb dependencies by Haitian-Creole speaking children","authors":"I. Barrière, Blandine Joseph, Katsiaryna Aharodnik, Sarah Kresh, Guetjens Prince Fleurio, G. Legendre, T. Nazzi","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.22001.bar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.22001.bar","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present multidimensional study investigates the acquisition of pronominal subject-verb dependencies in\u0000 Standard Haitian Creole (HC). A corpus analysis confirms that HC subject pronouns are phonological clitics in the target grammar\u0000 and that their reduction is optional and unpredictable. The comprehension and production of dependencies involving these subject\u0000 pronouns in 20 preschoolers acquiring HC as their first language were investigated. While the production of third person singular\u0000 and plural subject pronouns l(i) and y(o) reveals early mastery of adult constraints on their\u0000 phonological reductions, the systematic assignments of l(i) to singular subjects vs. y(o) to\u0000 plural subjects of the verb in the syntactic dependency emerge later, in both production and comprehension. The few syntactic\u0000 contexts in which HC-learning children show evidence of comprehension involve full forms, rather than phonological reductions.\u0000 Possible factors that explain these findings include the relative unpredictability of their forms and the linguistic status of HC\u0000 pronouns.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41802088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Large scale typological studies have been criticized for being unscientific, biased, methodologically unsound and as perpetrating neocolonial attitudes. Meakins (2022) echoes these views in her first JPCL column. The conclusions of all studies using large typological datasets, however, point in the direction that creoles do have structural properties that distinguish them from their lexifiers and the languages of the world, including a dozen not mentioned in Meakins’ column. Opponents use data that are a factor of thousand less extensive, yet apparently more credible. Creoles developed in adverse circumstances, and the flexibility of human genius led to new structural properties, apparently shared across the world. The opposite view, that creoles are continuations of their lexifiers, runs the risk of justifying colonialism, as if forced deportation, blackbirding, slavery, imperialism and colonialism could not have had catastrophic consequences for the continuation of languages. Devastating sociohistorical circumstances led to the creation of new societies, and human ingenuity created their fully-fledged natural languages.
{"title":"Empiricism against imperialism","authors":"P. Bakker","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00119.bak","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00119.bak","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Large scale typological studies have been criticized for being unscientific, biased, methodologically unsound and\u0000 as perpetrating neocolonial attitudes. Meakins (2022) echoes these views in her first\u0000 JPCL column. The conclusions of all studies using large typological datasets, however, point in the direction\u0000 that creoles do have structural properties that distinguish them from their lexifiers and the languages of the world, including a\u0000 dozen not mentioned in Meakins’ column. Opponents use data that are a factor of thousand less extensive, yet apparently more\u0000 credible. Creoles developed in adverse circumstances, and the flexibility of human genius led to new structural properties,\u0000 apparently shared across the world. The opposite view, that creoles are continuations of their lexifiers, runs the risk of\u0000 justifying colonialism, as if forced deportation, blackbirding, slavery, imperialism and colonialism could not have had\u0000 catastrophic consequences for the continuation of languages. Devastating sociohistorical circumstances led to the creation of new\u0000 societies, and human ingenuity created their fully-fledged natural languages.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41445299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study analyzes the borrowing of Dutch reciprocal pronouns in a corpus of primary field data of Sranan, Sarnami, and Surinamese Javanese, three languages of Suriname. The expression of reciprocity in relevant African and Asian substrates of the languages under study is also presented and discussed. I suggest cognitive and sociolinguistic explanations for the preference of Dutch-sourced reciprocal pronouns during multilingual contact. The three languages show convergent borrowing processes favoring the dedicated Dutch reciprocal pronoun over ‘scattered’ native strategies. Further, Suriname is a hierarchical post-colonial language ecology in which borrowing proceeds mostly in one direction, either directly from Dutch, or from Dutch via Sranan. The parallel multilingual trajectory of contact-induced change in the expression of a complex notion like reciprocity showcases the attractiveness for borrowing of forms and structures with transparent relations between form and content.
{"title":"Reciprocal constructions","authors":"Kofi Yakpo","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00118.yak","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00118.yak","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study analyzes the borrowing of Dutch reciprocal pronouns in a corpus of primary field data of Sranan, Sarnami, and Surinamese Javanese, three languages of Suriname. The expression of reciprocity in relevant African and Asian substrates of the languages under study is also presented and discussed. I suggest cognitive and sociolinguistic explanations for the preference of Dutch-sourced reciprocal pronouns during multilingual contact. The three languages show convergent borrowing processes favoring the dedicated Dutch reciprocal pronoun over ‘scattered’ native strategies. Further, Suriname is a hierarchical post-colonial language ecology in which borrowing proceeds mostly in one direction, either directly from Dutch, or from Dutch via Sranan. The parallel multilingual trajectory of contact-induced change in the expression of a complex notion like reciprocity showcases the attractiveness for borrowing of forms and structures with transparent relations between form and content.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135165382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study analyzes the borrowing of Dutch reciprocal pronouns in a corpus of primary field data of Sranan, Sarnami, and Surinamese Javanese, three languages of Suriname. The expression of reciprocity in relevant African and Asian substrates of the languages under study is also presented and discussed. I suggest cognitive and sociolinguistic explanations for the preference of Dutch-sourced reciprocal pronouns during multilingual contact. The three languages show convergent borrowing processes favoring the dedicated Dutch reciprocal pronoun over ‘scattered’ native strategies. Further, Suriname is a hierarchical post-colonial language ecology in which borrowing proceeds mostly in one direction, either directly from Dutch, or from Dutch via Sranan. The parallel multilingual trajectory of contact-induced change in the expression of a complex notion like reciprocity showcases the attractiveness for borrowing of forms and structures with transparent relations between form and content.
{"title":"Reciprocal constructions","authors":"K. Yakpo","doi":"10.1075/tsl.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.71","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study analyzes the borrowing of Dutch reciprocal pronouns in a corpus of primary field data of Sranan,\u0000 Sarnami, and Surinamese Javanese, three languages of Suriname. The expression of reciprocity in relevant African and Asian\u0000 substrates of the languages under study is also presented and discussed. I suggest cognitive and sociolinguistic explanations for\u0000 the preference of Dutch-sourced reciprocal pronouns during multilingual contact. The three languages show convergent borrowing\u0000 processes favoring the dedicated Dutch reciprocal pronoun over ‘scattered’ native strategies. Further, Suriname is a hierarchical\u0000 post-colonial language ecology in which borrowing proceeds mostly in one direction, either directly from Dutch, or from Dutch via\u0000 Sranan. The parallel multilingual trajectory of contact-induced change in the expression of a complex notion like reciprocity\u0000 showcases the attractiveness for borrowing of forms and structures with transparent relations between form and content.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42940192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents new Skepi Creole Dutch data from the late-18th century, found in the work of the German scholar Ernst Karl Rodschied. The creole data include pronominal and verbal paradigms, a short 60-word excerpt from a private letter, and around two dozen names for local flora. After briefly introducing Rodschied, we present the data and compare them to the existing Skepi corpus.
本文介绍了18世纪末德国学者恩斯特·卡尔·罗奇德(Ernst Karl Rodschied)著作中发现的新的斯皮·克里奥尔荷兰语数据。克里奥尔语的数据包括代词和动词范例，一封私人信件的60字摘录，以及大约24个当地植物的名称。在简要介绍Rodschied之后，我们展示了数据并将它们与现有的Skepi语料库进行了比较。
{"title":"Skepi Creole Dutch","authors":"B. Jacobs, Mikael Parkvall","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00116.jac","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00116.jac","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents new Skepi Creole Dutch data from the late-18th century, found in the work of the German\u0000 scholar Ernst Karl Rodschied. The creole data include pronominal and verbal paradigms, a short 60-word excerpt from a private\u0000 letter, and around two dozen names for local flora. After briefly introducing Rodschied, we present the data and compare them to\u0000 the existing Skepi corpus.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45102410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the choices made at the levels of Ausbau (‘language by development’, Kloss 1967: 29–30) and Abstand (‘language by distance’, ibid) during the codification phase of Mauritian Creole. Using the document Lortograf Kreol Morisien (Ministry of Education and Human Resources 2011) as its focal point, it studies the co-association between Ausbau and Abstand and connects the choices made to a broader ideological framework which sets out to ‘promot[e] our country’s language’ (Hookoomsing 2011: 9). It explores the implication of adopting a linguistic form which a user can ‘intimately connect with loved ones, community and personal identity’ (Delpit 2006: 95) while simultaneously providing it with the stature traditionally enjoyed by the lexifier. In the final instance it views the decreasing Abstand of Mauritian Creole as a form of prestige planning (Haarmann 1986) carried out with the possible intention of enhancing its public image.
{"title":"Orthography, ideology and the codification of Mauritian Creole","authors":"Tejshree Auckle","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.22018.auc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.22018.auc","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper examines the choices made at the levels of Ausbau (‘language by development’, Kloss 1967: 29–30) and Abstand (‘language by distance’, ibid) during the codification phase of Mauritian\u0000 Creole. Using the document Lortograf Kreol Morisien (Ministry of Education\u0000 and Human Resources 2011) as its focal point, it studies the co-association between Ausbau and Abstand and connects the\u0000 choices made to a broader ideological framework which sets out to ‘promot[e] our country’s language’ (Hookoomsing 2011: 9). It explores the implication of adopting a linguistic form which a user can\u0000 ‘intimately connect with loved ones, community and personal identity’ (Delpit 2006: 95)\u0000 while simultaneously providing it with the stature traditionally enjoyed by the lexifier. In the final instance it views the\u0000 decreasing Abstand of Mauritian Creole as a form of prestige planning (Haarmann 1986)\u0000 carried out with the possible intention of enhancing its public image.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45376855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the language situation in Aruba, a Caribbean island that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The main home language in Aruba is Papiamento, a Spanish/Portuguese lexifier creole, but Dutch was the only official language for centuries. English and Spanish are also widely used due to immigration, tourism, and the media. Carroll (2009, 2010, 2015) observes that Papiamento has high vitality, but also signals that speakers think that the language is under threat due to the increase in the use of English and Spanish. The aim of this study is to examine to what extent Carroll’s findings may be corroborated by a quantitative survey that accessed the views of a large group of people (809) from all over the island. The results indicate that Papiamento is the most frequently cited language regardless of backgrounds. People hold positive attitudes toward Papiamento and Aruban identity. Hence, our findings corroborate Carroll’s hypothesis that sentiments of language threat are mostly based in perception rather than in actual language use and attitudes.
{"title":"Language use, language attitudes, and identity in Aruba","authors":"Ellen-Petra Kester, Samantha Buijink","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.22010.kes","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.22010.kes","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study investigates the language situation in Aruba, a Caribbean island that is part of the Kingdom of the\u0000 Netherlands. The main home language in Aruba is Papiamento, a Spanish/Portuguese lexifier creole, but Dutch was the only official\u0000 language for centuries. English and Spanish are also widely used due to immigration, tourism, and the media.\u0000 Carroll (2009, 2010, 2015) observes that Papiamento has high vitality, but also signals that speakers think\u0000 that the language is under threat due to the increase in the use of English and Spanish. The aim of this study is to examine to\u0000 what extent Carroll’s findings may be corroborated by a quantitative survey that accessed the views of a large group of people\u0000 (809) from all over the island. The results indicate that Papiamento is the most frequently cited language regardless of\u0000 backgrounds. People hold positive attitudes toward Papiamento and Aruban identity. Hence, our findings corroborate Carroll’s\u0000 hypothesis that sentiments of language threat are mostly based in perception rather than in actual language use and attitudes.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47438712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The third space in the fourth column","authors":"F. Meakins","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00117.mea","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00117.mea","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43008590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In multilingual Taiwan, a language variety spoken in I-Lan County of northeastern Taiwan has been dubbed ‘Yilan Creole’ and analyzed as a creole by scholars because it contains features from Japanese and Austronesian languages. This article revisits the question of whether it is indeed a creole. I scrutinize its sociohistorical background as well as aspects of its lexicon and grammar, which I compare with those of Japanese and (Squliq) Atayal to provide a solid foundation for assessing its creole status. I conclude that ‘Yilan Creole’ is by no means a creole.
{"title":"A new view on ‘Yilan Creole’","authors":"Gan-ling Tan","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00115.tan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00115.tan","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In multilingual Taiwan, a language variety spoken in I-Lan County of northeastern Taiwan has been dubbed ‘Yilan Creole’ and analyzed as a creole by scholars because it contains features from Japanese and Austronesian languages. This article revisits the question of whether it is indeed a creole. I scrutinize its sociohistorical background as well as aspects of its lexicon and grammar, which I compare with those of Japanese and (Squliq) Atayal to provide a solid foundation for assessing its creole status. I conclude that ‘Yilan Creole’ is by no means a creole.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136356129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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