{"title":"Review of Gaião (2019): Dicionário do Crioulo de Macau: Escrita de Adé em Patuá","authors":"J. Oliveira","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00110.oli","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00110.oli","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43128320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reduplication has a strong presence in creoles and expanded Pidgins. It has been studied for the several grammatical functions it performs in these languages. The present study is based on morphopragmatics theory, and explores reduplication in Nigerian Pidgin with the goal of identifying the pragmatic meanings it conveys. To achieve this, we analysed data from Wazobia FM, a Nigerian Pidgin-based radio station in Nigeria. The analysis process involved interviews and a focus group discussion with native informants. Our results show that in addition to more prototypical iconic meanings, some categories of reduplication in Nigerian Pidgin convey secondary meanings that are often heavily pragmatically and pejoratively charged, and which speakers strategically use to mark in-group and out-group associations, as well as to neutralize or attenuate the inherent negative meanings of the simplex forms.
{"title":"Morphopragmatic analysis of reduplication in Nigerian Pidgin (Naija)","authors":"Nancy Chiagolum Odiegwu, Jesús Romero-Trillo","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.22013.odi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.22013.odi","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Reduplication has a strong presence in creoles and expanded Pidgins. It has been studied for the several\u0000 grammatical functions it performs in these languages. The present study is based on morphopragmatics theory, and explores\u0000 reduplication in Nigerian Pidgin with the goal of identifying the pragmatic meanings it conveys. To achieve this, we analysed data\u0000 from Wazobia FM, a Nigerian Pidgin-based radio station in Nigeria. The analysis process involved interviews and a focus group\u0000 discussion with native informants. Our results show that in addition to more prototypical iconic meanings, some categories of\u0000 reduplication in Nigerian Pidgin convey secondary meanings that are often heavily pragmatically and pejoratively charged, and\u0000 which speakers strategically use to mark in-group and out-group associations, as well as to neutralize or attenuate the inherent\u0000 negative meanings of the simplex forms.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44605288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Westphal, Ka Man Lau, Johanna Hartmann, Dagmar Deuber
This paper analyzes the speech of 27 Trinidadian professionals (lawyers, lecturers, and politicians), who are typical speakers of Standard Trinidadian English in formal contexts, where traditionally Standard English is targeted. We investigate phonetic variation in Trinidadian English speech with regard to the varying integration of Creole features. The paper presents the results of an acoustic study of 10 vowels and an auditory analysis of three consonantal variables, using data from the Trinidad and Tobago component of the International Corpus of English. The analysis shows that exonormative influences do not play a role. Individual Trinidadian Creole features are integrated into standard speech (voiced TH-stopping, partial overlap of bath-start-trap, partial overlap of strut-lot) and some realizations are identical in both codes (face and goat), while others are avoided (voiceless TH-stopping, the realization of down with as a monophthong with a velar nasal, the cloth-thought merger, and the realization of mouth as [ɔʊ]). These results from Trinidad confirm the validity of Irvine’s (2004, 2008) model of load-bearing and non load-bearing variables for the distinction between English and Creole. The conclusion highlights methodological differences to Irvine’s study and discusses an extended conceptualization of Standard English that incorporates variation along the dimension of exo- versus endonormativity.
{"title":"Phonetic variation in Standard English spoken by Trinidadian professionals","authors":"M. Westphal, Ka Man Lau, Johanna Hartmann, Dagmar Deuber","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00098.wes","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00098.wes","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper analyzes the speech of 27 Trinidadian professionals (lawyers, lecturers, and politicians), who are\u0000 typical speakers of Standard Trinidadian English in formal contexts, where traditionally Standard English is targeted. We\u0000 investigate phonetic variation in Trinidadian English speech with regard to the varying integration of Creole features. The paper\u0000 presents the results of an acoustic study of 10 vowels and an auditory analysis of three consonantal variables, using data from\u0000 the Trinidad and Tobago component of the International Corpus of English.\u0000 The analysis shows that exonormative influences do not play a role. Individual Trinidadian Creole features are\u0000 integrated into standard speech (voiced TH-stopping, partial overlap of bath-start-trap, partial overlap of\u0000 strut-lot) and some realizations are identical in both codes (face and goat), while others\u0000 are avoided (voiceless TH-stopping, the realization of down with as a monophthong with a velar nasal, the\u0000 cloth-thought merger, and the realization of mouth as [ɔʊ]). These results from Trinidad confirm\u0000 the validity of Irvine’s (2004, 2008) model\u0000 of load-bearing and non load-bearing variables for the distinction between English and Creole. The conclusion highlights\u0000 methodological differences to Irvine’s study and discusses an extended conceptualization of Standard English that incorporates\u0000 variation along the dimension of exo- versus endonormativity.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49637304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Occam’s Razor and the origins of Chabacano","authors":"B. Jacobs, Mikael Parkvall","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.22014.jac","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.22014.jac","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47886816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies in linguistics and anthropology have demonstrated that kinship systems and cultural practices change upon contact with other languages and cultures; however, creole kinship systems are generally overlooked. This paper examines the kinship terminology used by the Portuguese Settlement community in Malacca, Malaysia. The mapping of this kinship terminology is based on the division into terms of address and terms of reference, using three theoretical frameworks (‘identity alignment’, ‘language as an act of identity’, and ‘partial reciprocal diffusion’), while also taking into account Malacca Creole Portuguese, the standard variety of Malay, Baba Malay, Chetti Malay, Dutch, and English. The findings point to the existence of parallel kinship systems within the same language and indicate lexical connections to the other creole communities in Malacca (namely, Chettis and Baba-Nyonya). Accordingly, the terminology is divided into two segments: one oriented to the Portuguese superstrate and one toward the substrates and adstrates.
{"title":"‘My brother from another mother’","authors":"Silvio Moreira de Sousa, R. Tan","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.21008.sou","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.21008.sou","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Studies in linguistics and anthropology have demonstrated that kinship systems and cultural practices change upon\u0000 contact with other languages and cultures; however, creole kinship systems are generally overlooked. This paper examines the\u0000 kinship terminology used by the Portuguese Settlement community in Malacca, Malaysia. The mapping of this kinship terminology is based\u0000 on the division into terms of address and terms of reference, using three theoretical frameworks (‘identity alignment’, ‘language\u0000 as an act of identity’, and ‘partial reciprocal diffusion’), while also taking into account Malacca Creole Portuguese, the\u0000 standard variety of Malay, Baba Malay, Chetti Malay, Dutch, and English. The findings point to the existence of parallel kinship\u0000 systems within the same language and indicate lexical connections to the other creole communities in Malacca (namely, Chettis and\u0000 Baba-Nyonya). Accordingly, the terminology is divided into two segments: one oriented to the Portuguese superstrate and one toward\u0000 the substrates and adstrates.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44926943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The word wide web*","authors":"Felicity Meakins","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00099.mea","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00099.mea","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46517121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents the most comprehensive inventory of lexical similarities between Chabacano and Luso-Asian creoles to date. Certain formal similarities, especially regarding function words, have not gone unnoticed in the past, but for the most part have been treated as coincidences. Less attention has been paid to cases of parallel formal and semantic innovation involving content words. Taken together, these data suggest a non-coincidental lexical component shared between Luso-Asian creoles and the multi-directional propagation of features across Ibero-Asian creoles. This notion is further supported if we consider the well-known cultural, commercial and demographic connections between the Philippines and the Portuguese colonies in Asia. At the individual level, discarding a Spanish etymology in favor of a Portuguese one is a very problematic endeavor that often leads to inconclusiveness. However, we argue that the sheer number of shared retentions and innovations presented in this study can only be accounted for by factoring in some degree of language contact. Luso-Asian elements must have seeped into Chabacano at the time of its genesis and at later stages.
{"title":"Chabacano and Luso-Asian creoles","authors":"Eduardo Tobar Delgado","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00097.tob","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00097.tob","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study presents the most comprehensive inventory of lexical similarities between Chabacano and Luso-Asian\u0000 creoles to date. Certain formal similarities, especially regarding function words, have not gone unnoticed in the past, but for\u0000 the most part have been treated as coincidences. Less attention has been paid to cases of parallel formal and semantic innovation\u0000 involving content words. Taken together, these data suggest a non-coincidental lexical component shared between Luso-Asian creoles\u0000 and the multi-directional propagation of features across Ibero-Asian creoles. This notion is further supported if we consider the\u0000 well-known cultural, commercial and demographic connections between the Philippines and the Portuguese colonies in Asia. At the\u0000 individual level, discarding a Spanish etymology in favor of a Portuguese one is a very problematic endeavor that often leads to\u0000 inconclusiveness. However, we argue that the sheer number of shared retentions and innovations presented in this study can only be\u0000 accounted for by factoring in some degree of language contact. Luso-Asian elements must have seeped into Chabacano at the time of\u0000 its genesis and at later stages.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44525558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Haitian Creole (Kreyòl) spoken by bilingual speakers is a prestigious form of speech generally referred to as Kreyòl swa (KS), where Frenchified features (e.g. front rounded vowels) are often used. In contrast, monolingual speakers use Kreyòl rèk (KR), a variety in which Frenchified features do not generally occur (Fattier-Thomas 1984; Valdman 2015). In this article, I establish the nasalization of the definite determiner /la/ in non-nasal environments (LÃ), e.g. chat lan for chat la ‘the cat’, as a feature of KS. I show that while bilingual speakers do use both Frenchification and LÃ, monolingual speakers overuse nasalization as compared to bilingual speakers, but use Frenchification less than the bilingual group because it is harder to produce. Based in these findings, I suggest that the sociolinguistic situation of Haiti is more complex, i.e. it is extended beyond the relationship between French and Kreyòl.
双语者所说的海地克里奥尔语(Kreyòl)是一种著名的语言形式，通常被称为Kreyòl swa (KS)，其中经常使用法语特征(例如前圆元音)。相比之下，单语者使用Kreyòl r (KR)，这是一种法语特征通常不会出现的变体(Fattier-Thomas 1984;Valdman 2015)。在这篇文章中，我建立了在非鼻音环境中/la/的鼻音化(LÃ)，例如，chat lan用于chat la ' the cat '，作为KS的一个特征。我表明，虽然双语者确实同时使用法语化和LÃ，但与双语者相比，单语者过度使用鼻音，但使用法语化的人比双语者少，因为它更难发音。基于这些发现，我认为海地的社会语言学情况更为复杂，即它超出了法语和Kreyòl之间的关系。
{"title":"On the influence of Kreyòl swa","authors":"David Tezil","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00096.tez","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00096.tez","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Haitian Creole (Kreyòl) spoken by bilingual speakers is a prestigious form of speech generally referred to as\u0000 Kreyòl swa (KS), where Frenchified features (e.g. front rounded vowels) are often used. In contrast,\u0000 monolingual speakers use Kreyòl rèk (KR), a variety in which Frenchified features do not generally occur (Fattier-Thomas 1984; Valdman 2015). In this\u0000 article, I establish the nasalization of the definite determiner /la/ in non-nasal environments (LÃ), e.g.\u0000 chat lan for chat la ‘the cat’, as a feature of KS. I show that while bilingual speakers do\u0000 use both Frenchification and LÃ, monolingual speakers overuse nasalization as compared to bilingual speakers, but\u0000 use Frenchification less than the bilingual group because it is harder to produce. Based in these findings, I suggest that the\u0000 sociolinguistic situation of Haiti is more complex, i.e. it is extended beyond the relationship between French and\u0000 Kreyòl.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46031960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Mazzoli & Sippola (2021): New Perspectives on Mixed Languages: From Core to Fringe","authors":"Michael T. Putnam","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00100.put","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00100.put","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41417600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is disagreement as to the formation period of Chabacano, Philippine Creole Spanish. This article examines lexical items that have been claimed to stem from an early period of formation of Chabacano (Jacobs & Parkvall 2020). As a response to these claims, we show with ample dialectological and diachronic evidence that Chabacano items ansina ‘this way, like this,’ endenantes ‘a little while ago’, onde ‘where,’ and vos ‘2sg’ are compatible with any period of formation for the Creole. Consequently, the presence of these lexical items in the Chabacano varieties does not link their formation to a hypothetical proto-Creole created before 1640, nor does it lend proof to the hypothesis that the current varieties descend directly from it. In general, we argue that creoles require as rigorous diachronic and diatopic studies as their lexifiers to show the maturity of Creole Studies as a field of inquiry.
{"title":"The lexicon and creole formation","authors":"Mauro Fernández, Eeva Sippola","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00095.fer","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00095.fer","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 There is disagreement as to the formation period of Chabacano, Philippine Creole Spanish. This article examines\u0000 lexical items that have been claimed to stem from an early period of formation of Chabacano (Jacobs & Parkvall 2020). As a response to these claims, we show with ample dialectological and diachronic evidence\u0000 that Chabacano items ansina ‘this way, like this,’ endenantes ‘a little while ago’,\u0000 onde ‘where,’ and vos ‘2sg’ are compatible with any period of formation for the Creole.\u0000 Consequently, the presence of these lexical items in the Chabacano varieties does not link their formation to a hypothetical\u0000 proto-Creole created before 1640, nor does it lend proof to the hypothesis that the current varieties descend directly from it. In\u0000 general, we argue that creoles require as rigorous diachronic and diatopic studies as their lexifiers to show the maturity of\u0000 Creole Studies as a field of inquiry.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48510526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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