{"title":"Language styles, styling and language change in Creole communities","authors":"Bettina Migge","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00080.mig","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00080.mig","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46637549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the relationship between socio-economic status, age, gender, and literacy level and Haitian Gonâviens‘ attitudes towards Haitian Creole or Kreyòl and French. Most studies that investigated language attitudes of Creolophones have found that they have negative attitudes towards Kreyòl. Nevertheless, previous studies often included participants who are affiliated with education such as students, teachers, and language policy makers, or those from higher social classes. The current study, however, utilized a language attitudes questionnaire to collect data from 78 adult informants from diverse backgrounds. These participants included 21 highly literate, 51 partially literate and 6 illiterate Haitians. Findings revealed that participants of higher socio-economic status have more positive attitudes towards French than those from lower socio-economic status. Results also showed that there is a tendency for age, gender, and literacy level to affect language attitudes. For instance, positive attitudes towards Kreyòl were found to be more prevalent among older participants than younger respondents. Similarly, male participants had more negative attitudes towards French than female informants. Moreover, respondents of lower literacy levels had more negative attitudes towards French than those who were highly literate.
{"title":"The influence of socio-economic status, age, gender, and level of literacy on language attitudes","authors":"Gerdine M. Ulysse, Khaled Al Masaeed","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00075.uly","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00075.uly","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study investigated the relationship between socio-economic status, age, gender, and literacy level and\u0000 Haitian Gonâviens‘ attitudes towards Haitian Creole or Kreyòl and French. Most studies that investigated language attitudes of\u0000 Creolophones have found that they have negative attitudes towards Kreyòl. Nevertheless, previous studies often included\u0000 participants who are affiliated with education such as students, teachers, and language policy makers, or those from higher social\u0000 classes. The current study, however, utilized a language attitudes questionnaire to collect data from 78 adult informants from\u0000 diverse backgrounds. These participants included 21 highly literate, 51 partially literate and 6 illiterate Haitians. Findings\u0000 revealed that participants of higher socio-economic status have more positive attitudes towards French than those from lower\u0000 socio-economic status. Results also showed that there is a tendency for age, gender, and literacy level to affect language\u0000 attitudes. For instance, positive attitudes towards Kreyòl were found to be more prevalent among older participants than younger\u0000 respondents. Similarly, male participants had more negative attitudes towards French than female informants. Moreover, respondents\u0000 of lower literacy levels had more negative attitudes towards French than those who were highly literate.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47755067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Nolan (2020): The Elusive Case of Lingua Franca","authors":"Mikael Parkvall","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00084.par","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00084.par","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45608480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trying to resolve the question","authors":"R. Kleiner","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00074.kle","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00074.kle","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46115665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigates language attitudes in The Bahamas, addressing the current status of the local creole in society as well as attitudinal indicators of endonormative reorientation and stabilization. At the heart of the study is a verbal guise test which investigates covert language attitudes among educated Bahamians, mostly current and former university students; this was supplemented by a selection of acceptance rating scales and other direct question formats. The research instrument was specifically designed to look into the complex relationships between Bahamian Creole and local as well as non-local accents of standard English and to test associated solidarity and status effects in informal settings. The results show that the situation in The Bahamas mirrors what is found for other creole-speaking Caribbean countries in that the local vernacular continues to be ‘the language of solidarity, national identity, emotion and humour, and Standard the language of education, religion, and officialdom’ (Youssef 2004: 44). Notably, the study also finds that standard Bahamian English outranks the other metropolitan standards with regard to status traits, suggesting an increase in endonormativity.
{"title":"‘Broken English’, ‘dialect’ or ‘Bahamianese’?","authors":"Alexander Laube, Janina Rothmund","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00079.lau","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00079.lau","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The study investigates language attitudes in The Bahamas, addressing the current status of the local creole in\u0000 society as well as attitudinal indicators of endonormative reorientation and stabilization. At the heart of the study is a verbal\u0000 guise test which investigates covert language attitudes among educated Bahamians, mostly current and former university students;\u0000 this was supplemented by a selection of acceptance rating scales and other direct question formats. The research instrument was\u0000 specifically designed to look into the complex relationships between Bahamian Creole and local as well as non-local accents of\u0000 standard English and to test associated solidarity and status effects in informal settings. The results show that the situation in\u0000 The Bahamas mirrors what is found for other creole-speaking Caribbean countries in that the local vernacular continues to be ‘the\u0000 language of solidarity, national identity, emotion and humour, and Standard the language of education, religion, and officialdom’\u0000 (Youssef 2004: 44). Notably, the study also finds that standard Bahamian English\u0000 outranks the other metropolitan standards with regard to status traits, suggesting an increase in endonormativity.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47639657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this article, I develop an ethnographic view on social discourses associated with language use in a Belizean village in order to access the setting’s complex and not always easy to grasp patterns of linguistic prestige. Analyzing interview and observational data on language ideologies, I show that relationships of prestige are not necessarily neatly ordered and binary but that different language ideologies, in some cases relating to the same linguistic resources, may exist side-by-side. Therefore, linguistic resources may have several indexical, social-semiotic meanings at the same time. In these, the national and educational elite is not always a central point of orientation. Other cultural values, linking to colonial histories, African imaginaries, resistance towards standardization, transnational ties or the ability to keep codes apart, may have an influence on local language ideologies and thus also the language uses in this cultural context. Binary linguistic models like the diglossia or the continuum model, which map language variation in binary or linear fashions, are characteristic of epistemological traditions of Western linguistics that impact on but may also conceal complex language ideological realities in a postcolonial setting like Belize.
{"title":"Creole prestige beyond modernism and methodological nationalism","authors":"B. Schneider","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00068.sch","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00068.sch","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, I develop an ethnographic view on social discourses associated with language use in a Belizean village in order to access the setting’s complex and not always easy to grasp patterns of linguistic prestige. Analyzing interview and observational data on language ideologies, I show that relationships of prestige are not necessarily neatly ordered and binary but that different language ideologies, in some cases relating to the same linguistic resources, may exist side-by-side. Therefore, linguistic resources may have several indexical, social-semiotic meanings at the same time. In these, the national and educational elite is not always a central point of orientation. Other cultural values, linking to colonial histories, African imaginaries, resistance towards standardization, transnational ties or the ability to keep codes apart, may have an influence on local language ideologies and thus also the language uses in this cultural context. Binary linguistic models like the diglossia or the continuum model, which map language variation in binary or linear fashions, are characteristic of epistemological traditions of Western linguistics that impact on but may also conceal complex language ideological realities in a postcolonial setting like Belize.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46672591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents and discusses the instances of synchronic variation attested in the personal pronoun paradigm of modern Sri Lanka Portuguese, an endangered Portuguese-based creole spoken by relatively small communities scattered across Eastern and Northern Sri Lanka. Although Sri Lanka Portuguese has a long history of documentation dating from, at least, the beginning of the 19th century, only a few studies have explicitly reported cases of synchronic variation. This study aims, therefore, to fill that gap, by contributing to the description and explanation of patterns of variation relating to the personal pronoun paradigm as encountered in documentary data collected between 2015 and 2020, over several field trips to the districts of Ampara, Batticaloa, Jaffna, and Trincomalee. The nature of the variation observed in the data ranges from phonetic alternations to strategies of paradigm regularization and stylistic shrinkage, often revealing the effects of diachronic processes of variant competition and substitution. Combining the observed patterns of variation with surveyed linguistic trends of language shift, we propose that obsolescence may be responsible for some of the variability encountered in modern SLP personal pronouns, especially that associated with certain socially- or geographically-defined subsets of the speech community (viz. the younger generations and the speakers from Jaffna) characterized by advanced language loss.
{"title":"Synchronic variation in Sri Lanka Portuguese personal pronouns","authors":"H. Cardoso, Patrícia Costa","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00070.car","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00070.car","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents and discusses the instances of synchronic variation attested in the personal pronoun paradigm of\u0000 modern Sri Lanka Portuguese, an endangered Portuguese-based creole spoken by relatively small communities scattered across Eastern and\u0000 Northern Sri Lanka. Although Sri Lanka Portuguese has a long history of documentation dating from, at least, the beginning of the 19th\u0000 century, only a few studies have explicitly reported cases of synchronic variation. This study aims, therefore, to fill that gap, by\u0000 contributing to the description and explanation of patterns of variation relating to the personal pronoun paradigm as encountered in\u0000 documentary data collected between 2015 and 2020, over several field trips to the districts of Ampara, Batticaloa, Jaffna, and Trincomalee.\u0000 The nature of the variation observed in the data ranges from phonetic alternations to strategies of paradigm regularization and stylistic\u0000 shrinkage, often revealing the effects of diachronic processes of variant competition and substitution. Combining the observed patterns of\u0000 variation with surveyed linguistic trends of language shift, we propose that obsolescence may be responsible for some of the variability\u0000 encountered in modern SLP personal pronouns, especially that associated with certain socially- or geographically-defined subsets of the\u0000 speech community (viz. the younger generations and the speakers from Jaffna) characterized by advanced language loss.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44257040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Linguistic research with language users","authors":"Bettina Migge","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00073.mig","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00073.mig","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49131589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pijin, the lingua franca of Solomon Islands, has acquired the functions of a creole in the capital city of Honiara. Yet, though Pijin is the common language of the urban culture of Honiara, it lacks linguistic legitimacy. Speakers of Pijin did not, until recently, consider it a true language in the same way that English and local vernaculars, with which it co-exists, are deemed to be. Specters of inauthenticity and illegitimacy were part of that assessment. In this paper, we consider that the nascent legitimacy ascribed to Pijin by some urban speakers is informed by the affirmation of their own legitimacy as a new socio-cultural group, that of the Pijin-speaking urbanite. This contributes to the complexification of the sociolinguistic scene. We show that while different ways of speaking Pijin are progressively becoming associated with various sociolinguistic groups and seem to constitute emergent social varieties, the question of a Pijin norm is also emerging.
{"title":"The development of weak normativity in Solomon Islands Pijin","authors":"C. Jourdan, J. Angeli","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00069.jou","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00069.jou","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pijin, the lingua franca of Solomon Islands, has acquired the functions of a creole in the capital city of Honiara. Yet,\u0000 though Pijin is the common language of the urban culture of Honiara, it lacks linguistic legitimacy. Speakers of Pijin did not, until\u0000 recently, consider it a true language in the same way that English and local vernaculars, with which it co-exists, are deemed to be.\u0000 Specters of inauthenticity and illegitimacy were part of that assessment. In this paper, we consider that the nascent legitimacy ascribed to\u0000 Pijin by some urban speakers is informed by the affirmation of their own legitimacy as a new socio-cultural group, that of the\u0000 Pijin-speaking urbanite. This contributes to the complexification of the sociolinguistic scene. We show that while different ways of\u0000 speaking Pijin are progressively becoming associated with various sociolinguistic groups and seem to constitute emergent social varieties,\u0000 the question of a Pijin norm is also emerging.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46435022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Cabo-Verdean Creole (CVC) subject domain has clitic and tonic pronouns that often amalgamate in double subject pronoun constructions; the possibility of a zero-subject and the formal category underlying subject clitics are disputed (Baptista 1995, 2002; Pratas 2004). This article discusses five variable constraints that condition subject expression across three descriptive and inferential analyses of a corpus of speech collected from 33 speakers from Santiago and Maio. Double subject pronoun constructions and zero-subjects were promoted by a persistence effect, though for the former this applied across nonadjacent clauses since double subject pronoun constructions are switch reference and contrastive devices resembling the doubling of agreement suffixes by independent pronouns in languages traditionally classified as pro-drop. Zero-subjects were favored in third-person contexts as previously observed by Baptista and Bayer (2013), and when a semantically referentially deficient (Duarte & Soares da Silva 2016) DP antecedent was in an Intonational Unit that was prosodically and syntactically linked to the Intonational Unit containing the target anaphor (Torres Cacoullos & Travis 2019). Results support reclassification of CVC subject clitics as ambiguous person agreement markers (Siewierska 2004) and suggest that CVC is developing a split-paradigm for person marking and subject expression (Wratil 2009; Baptista & Bayer 2013).
{"title":"Variable subject pronoun expression in Cabo-Verdean Creole","authors":"Adrián Rodríguez-Riccelli","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00071.rod","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00071.rod","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The Cabo-Verdean Creole (CVC) subject domain has clitic and tonic pronouns that often amalgamate in double subject pronoun constructions; the possibility of a zero-subject and the formal category underlying subject clitics are disputed (Baptista 1995, 2002; Pratas 2004). This article discusses five variable constraints that condition subject expression across three descriptive and inferential analyses of a corpus of speech collected from 33 speakers from Santiago and Maio. Double subject pronoun constructions and zero-subjects were promoted by a persistence effect, though for the former this applied across nonadjacent clauses since double subject pronoun constructions are switch reference and contrastive devices resembling the doubling of agreement suffixes by independent pronouns in languages traditionally classified as pro-drop. Zero-subjects were favored in third-person contexts as previously observed by Baptista and Bayer (2013), and when a semantically referentially deficient (Duarte & Soares da Silva 2016) DP antecedent was in an Intonational Unit that was prosodically and syntactically linked to the Intonational Unit containing the target anaphor (Torres Cacoullos & Travis 2019). Results support reclassification of CVC subject clitics as ambiguous person agreement markers (Siewierska 2004) and suggest that CVC is developing a split-paradigm for person marking and subject expression (Wratil 2009; Baptista & Bayer 2013).","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48927418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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