Existing literature on Philippine languages is rife with references to Chavacano, the hypernym for Spanish-based creoles spoken in various parts of the archipelago. Variants of Chavacano are characterised in historical accounts as ‘a corrupt Spanish dialect’ with depreciative labels such as español de tienda ‘hawker Spanish’ or español de cocina ‘kitchen Spanish’. The concerted assertion of this creole’s degeneracy is a legacy of colonial knowledge production. Since the genesis of the Philippine creoles, much has changed as to their usage both from a linguistic and a social viewpoint. It is in this social dimension that we locate the present study. Of the three main varieties of Chavacano, spoken in Cavite City, Ternate, and Zamboanga respectively, this paper zeroes in on the third as the Mindanaoan variety is the healthiest to date. We wish to interrogate the trajectory of its social status, from its characterisation as a degenerate variant of Spanish to its privileged position in contemporary Zamboanga City as a Hispanic identity marker (Chavacano un poquito español ‘Chavacano slightly Spanish’). Nuancing the role played in language preservation efforts by Zamboangueño elites, this study highlights the singularity of a creolophone community, who, through the politicisation of heritage, has subverted the ideological marginality of their Creole mother tongue and appropriated it to be the hallmark of their ethnic identity.
现有的关于菲律宾语言的文献中充斥着对Chavacano的引用，Chavacano是该群岛各地使用的西班牙语克里奥尔语的超名。查瓦卡诺语的变体在历史记录中被描述为“一种腐败的西班牙方言”，带有贬损的标签，如西班牙语“小贩西班牙语”或西班牙语“厨房西班牙语”。对克里奥尔语退化的一致断言是殖民地知识生产的遗产。自从菲律宾克里奥尔语起源以来，从语言和社会角度来看，它们的用法发生了很大变化。正是在这个社会维度上，我们定位了本研究。在查瓦卡诺的三个主要品种中，分别在甲米地市、特尔纳特和三宝颜种植，本文将重点放在第三个品种上，因为棉兰老品种是迄今为止最健康的品种。我们希望探究其社会地位的轨迹，从其被描述为西班牙语的退化变体，到其在当代三宝颜市作为西班牙裔身份标志的特权地位（Chavacano un poquito español“Chavacano略带西班牙语”）。这项研究强调了赞比亚精英在语言保护工作中所起的作用，强调了克里奥尔语社区的独特性，他们通过遗产的政治化，颠覆了克里奥尔母语的意识形态边缘化，并将其作为其种族身份的标志。
{"title":"Zamboanga Chavacano","authors":"J. L. Melchor, Miguel Blázquez-Carretero","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00087.mel","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00087.mel","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Existing literature on Philippine languages is rife with references to Chavacano, the hypernym for Spanish-based\u0000 creoles spoken in various parts of the archipelago. Variants of Chavacano are characterised in historical accounts as ‘a corrupt\u0000 Spanish dialect’ with depreciative labels such as español de tienda ‘hawker Spanish’ or español de\u0000 cocina ‘kitchen Spanish’. The concerted assertion of this creole’s degeneracy is a legacy of colonial knowledge\u0000 production. Since the genesis of the Philippine creoles, much has changed as to their usage both from a linguistic and a social\u0000 viewpoint. It is in this social dimension that we locate the present study. Of the three main varieties of Chavacano, spoken in\u0000 Cavite City, Ternate, and Zamboanga respectively, this paper zeroes in on the third as the Mindanaoan variety is the healthiest to\u0000 date. We wish to interrogate the trajectory of its social status, from its characterisation as a degenerate variant of Spanish to\u0000 its privileged position in contemporary Zamboanga City as a Hispanic identity marker (Chavacano un poquito\u0000 español ‘Chavacano slightly Spanish’). Nuancing the role played in language preservation efforts by Zamboangueño\u0000 elites, this study highlights the singularity of a creolophone community, who, through the politicisation of heritage, has\u0000 subverted the ideological marginality of their Creole mother tongue and appropriated it to be the hallmark of their ethnic\u0000 identity.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45288359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eva Canan Hänsel, Michael Westphal, Philipp Meer, Dagmar Deuber
This paper presents the results of two largely parallel verbal guise studies that elicited students’ attitudes toward different standard varieties of English. The studies were conducted in the small anglophone Caribbean island country of Grenada. The two studies were contextualized in the domains of education and newscasting, respectively, with the aim of finding out how language attitudes are influenced by context in societies where different endo- and exonormative standards are of relevance. As hypothesized, the results revealed strong differences between the evaluations of speakers of the two domains and confirm that contextualization is crucial in language attitude research. Against previous hypotheses, however, the acceptance of endonormative standard accents was stronger in the more globally open context of newscasting than in the more locally restricted domain of education. The results are discussed against the background of the sociolinguistic situation in Grenada and inform on endonormativity and norm orientation in one of the underresearched island countries of the anglophone Caribbean.
{"title":"Context matters","authors":"Eva Canan Hänsel, Michael Westphal, Philipp Meer, Dagmar Deuber","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00085.han","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00085.han","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of two largely parallel verbal guise studies that elicited students’ attitudes toward different standard varieties of English. The studies were conducted in the small anglophone Caribbean island country of Grenada. The two studies were contextualized in the domains of education and newscasting, respectively, with the aim of finding out how language attitudes are influenced by context in societies where different endo- and exonormative standards are of relevance. As hypothesized, the results revealed strong differences between the evaluations of speakers of the two domains and confirm that contextualization is crucial in language attitude research. Against previous hypotheses, however, the acceptance of endonormative standard accents was stronger in the more globally open context of newscasting than in the more locally restricted domain of education. The results are discussed against the background of the sociolinguistic situation in Grenada and inform on endonormativity and norm orientation in one of the underresearched island countries of the anglophone Caribbean.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":"94 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The particle fi is used in Classical Arabic as a local and temporal preposition, ‘in’. In the contemporary Arabic dialects, it has the same meaning, but in addition it is used in some dialects as an existential, ‘there is/are’. In a number of Arabic work-related pidgins, such as Gulf Pidgin Arabic and Pidgin Madame, fi has acquired new functions. It does not only denote nominal predication, location, and possession, but is also used in combination with verbal forms. Several proposals have been made to explain this use of fī. Avram (2012) regards fī as a progressive aspect marker, while Potsdam & Alanazi (2014) deny the verbal nature of the construction and regard fī as a copula. Bakir (2014) analyzes fī as a marker of verbality of the predicate. The present paper suggests that the general function of fi is to mark the link between topic and focus as assertive rather than modal and looks for parallels of this use in a few other work-related pidgins.
{"title":"Marking statements of fact in early pidgins","authors":"K. Versteegh","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00086.ver","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00086.ver","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The particle fi is used in Classical Arabic as a local and temporal preposition, ‘in’. In the\u0000 contemporary Arabic dialects, it has the same meaning, but in addition it is used in some dialects as an existential, ‘there\u0000 is/are’. In a number of Arabic work-related pidgins, such as Gulf Pidgin Arabic and Pidgin Madame, fi has\u0000 acquired new functions. It does not only denote nominal predication, location, and possession, but is also used in combination\u0000 with verbal forms. Several proposals have been made to explain this use of fī. Avram (2012) regards fī as a progressive aspect marker, while Potsdam & Alanazi (2014) deny the verbal nature of the construction and regard fī as\u0000 a copula. Bakir (2014) analyzes fī as a marker of verbality of the\u0000 predicate. The present paper suggests that the general function of fi is to mark the link between topic and focus\u0000 as assertive rather than modal and looks for parallels of this use in a few other work-related pidgins.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44664987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines Santomeans’ attitudes toward Angolares, a minority creole-speaking community descendant of maroons on São Tomé Island, and their language. The status of Angolar varies from vigorous to shifting, depending on the source, and according to Maurer (2013), it is unclear whether Angolar is being passed on to new generations. In this article, it is argued that Angolares are shifting toward Portuguese, a process that has already commenced among Santomeans living in the capital. Since prevailing attitudes regarding a language are important for its use and maintenance, this study investigates the transmission of attitudes, beliefs and stereotypes as a possible explanation for the actual shift toward Portuguese in the country. Based on ethnography, analysis of interview excerpts, and questionnaires, an account of the attitudes held by Santomeans is provided, showing how different attitudes toward Angolares are intertwined and point toward rural, creole-speaking Angolares as being the lowest on the social scale of the island. This article demonstrates how attitudes held by Forros, the dominant ethnolinguistic group on São Tomé Island, as well as by Angolares themselves, may negatively impact the maintenance of Angolar Creole.
{"title":"The vitality of Angolar","authors":"Marie-Eve Bouchard","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00089.bou","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00089.bou","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines Santomeans’ attitudes toward Angolares, a minority creole-speaking community descendant of\u0000 maroons on São Tomé Island, and their language. The status of Angolar varies from vigorous to shifting, depending on the source,\u0000 and according to Maurer (2013), it is unclear whether Angolar is being passed on to new\u0000 generations. In this article, it is argued that Angolares are shifting toward Portuguese, a process that has already commenced\u0000 among Santomeans living in the capital. Since prevailing attitudes regarding a language are important for its use and maintenance,\u0000 this study investigates the transmission of attitudes, beliefs and stereotypes as a possible explanation for the actual shift\u0000 toward Portuguese in the country. Based on ethnography, analysis of interview excerpts, and questionnaires, an account of the\u0000 attitudes held by Santomeans is provided, showing how different attitudes toward Angolares are intertwined and point toward rural,\u0000 creole-speaking Angolares as being the lowest on the social scale of the island. This article demonstrates how attitudes held by\u0000 Forros, the dominant ethnolinguistic group on São Tomé Island, as well as by Angolares themselves, may negatively impact the\u0000 maintenance of Angolar Creole.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":"575 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41279941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Hagemeijer, Maurer-Cecchini & Zamora Segorbe (2020): A Grammar of Fa d’Ambô","authors":"A. Kihm","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00094.hag","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00094.hag","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45529711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-23DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4302-0011-6_15
Eva Canan Hänsel, M. Westphal, Philipp Meer, Dagmar Deuber
{"title":"Context matters","authors":"Eva Canan Hänsel, M. Westphal, Philipp Meer, Dagmar Deuber","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4302-0011-6_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-0011-6_15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":"150 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50934616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Empiricism or imperialism","authors":"F. Meakins","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00092.mea","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00092.mea","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43852219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article bears on directional Serial Verb Constructions (SVCs) in French-based creoles. Starting with a working definition of our topic of study, we present a detailed description of the data in Martinican Creole (MQ) – whose grammar is similar in the relevant respects to that of Haitian (HC). Four different structural patterns are distinguished. Our results bring partial support to Aboh’s (2015) assumption that the emergence of Haitian SVCs might have resulted from congruence between Gbe SVCs (analysed as ‘causative-like’) and French Clause Union. We argue that this idea finds further confirmation in cross-creole comparison, but only concerns one type of (directional) SVC.
{"title":"The syntax of directional Serial Verb Constructions in French-based creoles","authors":"Anne Zribi-Hertz, Loïc Jean-Louis","doi":"10.1075/jpcl.00088.her","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00088.her","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article bears on directional Serial Verb Constructions (SVCs) in\u0000 French-based creoles. Starting with a working definition of our topic of study, we present a detailed description of the data in\u0000 Martinican Creole (MQ) – whose grammar is similar in the relevant respects to that of Haitian (HC). Four different structural\u0000 patterns are distinguished. Our results bring partial support to Aboh’s (2015)\u0000 assumption that the emergence of Haitian SVCs might have resulted from congruence between Gbe SVCs (analysed as ‘causative-like’)\u0000 and French Clause Union. We argue that this idea finds further confirmation in cross-creole comparison, but only concerns one type\u0000 of (directional) SVC.","PeriodicalId":43608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47834871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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