Pub Date : 2020-07-09DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2020.1786896
C. Pennell, D. Todman
This special issue, stemming out of the AHRC-funded Teaching and Learning War Research Network (2017–2020), is published at an important juncture in cultural memory: as the focus of public commemorative events in Britain and the Commonwealth shifts from the First to the Second World War, including the Holocaust. Not only does it showcase exciting and cutting-edge research, but it also aims to stimulate conversation and ‘forward-thinking’ about commemorative cycles over the next two-and-a-half decades (2025–2045). The three research articles and four provocations focus, in different ways, on the question of ‘hidden histories’ in the expectation of a need to ensure that diversity, multi-perspectivity, complexity, and contention remain at the heart of ‘national’ commemorative processes (whether in Britain or elsewhere).
{"title":"Introduction: Marginalised Histories of the Second World War1","authors":"C. Pennell, D. Todman","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2020.1786896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2020.1786896","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue, stemming out of the AHRC-funded Teaching and Learning War Research Network (2017–2020), is published at an important juncture in cultural memory: as the focus of public commemorative events in Britain and the Commonwealth shifts from the First to the Second World War, including the Holocaust. Not only does it showcase exciting and cutting-edge research, but it also aims to stimulate conversation and ‘forward-thinking’ about commemorative cycles over the next two-and-a-half decades (2025–2045). The three research articles and four provocations focus, in different ways, on the question of ‘hidden histories’ in the expectation of a need to ensure that diversity, multi-perspectivity, complexity, and contention remain at the heart of ‘national’ commemorative processes (whether in Britain or elsewhere).","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07292473.2020.1786896","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48761399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2020.1786892
T. Cook
In early 1942, 23,000 Japanese Canadians on the West Coast were forcibly relocated against their will to the interior of Canada after Japan entered the war against the Allies. This forced relocation left deep scars in that community. Decades later, Japanese Canadians mounted a redress campaign for an official apology and financial restitution. This provocation examines that campaign and explores how it has shaped Canada’s constructed memory of the Second World War.
{"title":"Redressing Canada’s Second World War Narrative","authors":"T. Cook","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2020.1786892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2020.1786892","url":null,"abstract":"In early 1942, 23,000 Japanese Canadians on the West Coast were forcibly relocated against their will to the interior of Canada after Japan entered the war against the Allies. This forced relocation left deep scars in that community. Decades later, Japanese Canadians mounted a redress campaign for an official apology and financial restitution. This provocation examines that campaign and explores how it has shaped Canada’s constructed memory of the Second World War.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07292473.2020.1786892","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47143615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2020.1786895
Vikki Hawkins
Using Imperial War Museums’ redeveloped Second World War Galleries as a case study, this provocation discusses the ways in which refocussing outmoded British narratives to a transnational viewpoint and using the interpretive framework of ‘total war’ can help us to deliver new, authoritative and multifaceted narratives where ‘hidden’ histories can be displayed, and scrutinised, in plain sight.
{"title":"Displaying marginalised and ‘hidden’ histories at the Imperial War Museum London: The Second World War gallery regeneration project","authors":"Vikki Hawkins","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2020.1786895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2020.1786895","url":null,"abstract":"Using Imperial War Museums’ redeveloped Second World War Galleries as a case study, this provocation discusses the ways in which refocussing outmoded British narratives to a transnational viewpoint and using the interpretive framework of ‘total war’ can help us to deliver new, authoritative and multifaceted narratives where ‘hidden’ histories can be displayed, and scrutinised, in plain sight.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07292473.2020.1786895","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46387935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2020.1786889
Roy Marom
This article explores lingering recollections of a marginalised sphere of participation by Jewish and Arab citizens of Mandatory Palestine in the Allied war effort. During the war, Palestine became a major staging ground for Allied troops in the Middle East. Some 15,000 Jewish and 35,000 Arab workers worked in administrative, construction, catering, and maintenances roles within the newly built army bases. The story of civilian labour in RAF Ein Shemer reveals previously neglected normative and non-normative patterns of inter-communal relations between British soldiers and Jewish and Arab workers on the social, economic, ideological, and romantic levels within the context of a colonial-era military installation.
{"title":"RAF Ein Shemer: A Forgotten Case of Jewish and Arab Work in a British Army Camp in Palestine during the Second World War","authors":"Roy Marom","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2020.1786889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2020.1786889","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores lingering recollections of a marginalised sphere of participation by Jewish and Arab citizens of Mandatory Palestine in the Allied war effort. During the war, Palestine became a major staging ground for Allied troops in the Middle East. Some 15,000 Jewish and 35,000 Arab workers worked in administrative, construction, catering, and maintenances roles within the newly built army bases. The story of civilian labour in RAF Ein Shemer reveals previously neglected normative and non-normative patterns of inter-communal relations between British soldiers and Jewish and Arab workers on the social, economic, ideological, and romantic levels within the context of a colonial-era military installation.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07292473.2020.1786889","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43869177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-28DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2020.1786891
Andy Pearce
This provocation reflects on trends in Holocaust education in the UK. It argues that an emphasis on cultivating memory means much teaching and learning about the Holocaust is commemorative rather than educational. In this pursuit it forwards five theses about the current condition of much teaching and learning about the Holocaust.
{"title":"Marginalisation through commemoration: Trends and practices in Holocaust education in the United Kingdom","authors":"Andy Pearce","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2020.1786891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2020.1786891","url":null,"abstract":"This provocation reflects on trends in Holocaust education in the UK. It argues that an emphasis on cultivating memory means much teaching and learning about the Holocaust is commemorative rather than educational. In this pursuit it forwards five theses about the current condition of much teaching and learning about the Holocaust.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07292473.2020.1786891","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46219557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-21eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2020.1741771
James Kennaway
This paper shows the ways that tales of stoicism during surgery at the Battle of Waterloo came to be a significant part of the ideological framework of Romantic Militarism. Celebrating the killing of enemies clashed with ideals of politeness, but hailing a soldier's powers of endurance in surgery was an acceptable way of extolling courage, framing lived experience of agony into narratives of exalted pain, masculine fortitude and quasi-religious patriotic feeling. In Britain, an extensive discourse emerged about the supposed Britishness of surgical sangfroid at Waterloo, providing a narrative of national superiority in the decades of imperial expansion that followed.
{"title":"Military surgery as national romance: the memory of British heroic fortitude at Waterloo.","authors":"James Kennaway","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2020.1741771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2020.1741771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper shows the ways that tales of stoicism during surgery at the Battle of Waterloo came to be a significant part of the ideological framework of Romantic Militarism. Celebrating the killing of enemies clashed with ideals of politeness, but hailing a soldier's powers of endurance in surgery was an acceptable way of extolling courage, framing lived experience of agony into narratives of exalted pain, masculine fortitude and quasi-religious patriotic feeling. In Britain, an extensive discourse emerged about the supposed Britishness of surgical sangfroid at Waterloo, providing a narrative of national superiority in the decades of imperial expansion that followed.</p>","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07292473.2020.1741771","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37934204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2020.1741772
Stefan Aguirre Quiroga
Through a focus on agency and motivation, this article attempts to reach conclusions about the choices made by PLAF and PAVN defectors for continuing their lives as combatants in the employment of the United States Armed Forces as part of the Kit Carson Scout Program. Using predominantly fragmentary personal accounts found in divisional newspapers, this article concludes that Kit Carson Scouts joined for a variety of personal reasons that included the desire for better working conditions, the opportunity to support their family, the search for revenge, and political disillusionment. Additionally, the importance of the individual scout’s choice is emphasised.
{"title":"Phan Chot’s Choice: Agency and Motivation among the Kit Carson Scouts during the Vietnam War, 1966–1973","authors":"Stefan Aguirre Quiroga","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2020.1741772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2020.1741772","url":null,"abstract":"Through a focus on agency and motivation, this article attempts to reach conclusions about the choices made by PLAF and PAVN defectors for continuing their lives as combatants in the employment of the United States Armed Forces as part of the Kit Carson Scout Program. Using predominantly fragmentary personal accounts found in divisional newspapers, this article concludes that Kit Carson Scouts joined for a variety of personal reasons that included the desire for better working conditions, the opportunity to support their family, the search for revenge, and political disillusionment. Additionally, the importance of the individual scout’s choice is emphasised.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07292473.2020.1741772","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42700926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-18DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2020.1741770
P. Donaldson
The First World War is often held to be a watershed in the memorialisation of war in Britain. Through an exploration of the Royal Engineers’ commemorative space at their headquarters in Chatham, this article argues that the post–1918 war memorial boom displays not only divergences from, but also continuities with, Victorian and Edwardian practices. Thus, although the mass volunteerism and conscription of 1914–1918 resulted in both the rank and file and the bereaved being drawn into the memorialisation process for the first time, memorial forms and messages, nonetheless, retained firm links with commemorative rituals of the late nineteenth century.
{"title":"Commemorating the Crimean, South African and First World Wars: A Case-Study of the Royal Engineers, 1856–1922","authors":"P. Donaldson","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2020.1741770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2020.1741770","url":null,"abstract":"The First World War is often held to be a watershed in the memorialisation of war in Britain. Through an exploration of the Royal Engineers’ commemorative space at their headquarters in Chatham, this article argues that the post–1918 war memorial boom displays not only divergences from, but also continuities with, Victorian and Edwardian practices. Thus, although the mass volunteerism and conscription of 1914–1918 resulted in both the rank and file and the bereaved being drawn into the memorialisation process for the first time, memorial forms and messages, nonetheless, retained firm links with commemorative rituals of the late nineteenth century.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07292473.2020.1741770","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45339717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-18DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2020.1741773
Boon Kwan. Toh
The American strategic bombing of Japan and Japanese-occupied territories during the Second World War resulted in different perspectives of the aerial bombing, both during the war and in post-war memories. Drawing upon eye-witness accounts and memories, the difference in perspectives are compared and critiqued. The longest bombing missions of the war on Singapore are used as a case study to frame the analysis. While Japanese eyewitnesses viewed the American B-29 bombing raids with dread, Singapore’s war-time generation largely welcomed the advent of American air raids and viewed it as salvation from the Japanese occupation.
{"title":"Black and Silver: Perceptions and Memories of the B-29 Bomber, American Strategic Bombing and the Longest Bombing Missions of the Second World War on Singapore","authors":"Boon Kwan. Toh","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2020.1741773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2020.1741773","url":null,"abstract":"The American strategic bombing of Japan and Japanese-occupied territories during the Second World War resulted in different perspectives of the aerial bombing, both during the war and in post-war memories. Drawing upon eye-witness accounts and memories, the difference in perspectives are compared and critiqued. The longest bombing missions of the war on Singapore are used as a case study to frame the analysis. While Japanese eyewitnesses viewed the American B-29 bombing raids with dread, Singapore’s war-time generation largely welcomed the advent of American air raids and viewed it as salvation from the Japanese occupation.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07292473.2020.1741773","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43204730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2019.1701619
Timothy J. Stapleton
Religion was an important and dynamic aspect of Britain’s West African colonial army. The religious composition of the force changed from primarily Muslim in the late nineteenth century to primarily traditionalist and Muslim during the early twentieth century to overwhelmingly Christian during and immediately after the Second World War. These changes reflected not only military requirements but also broader social trends. While Muslim religious life in the military reflected a ‘barracks Islam’ accommodated by British officers, a top-down form of command Christianity emerged from the 1940s. Appointed during the Second World War, military chaplains and imams encouraged recruiting and strengthened morale but the presence of black religious officials challenged the existing racial hierarchy.
{"title":"Barracks Islam and Command Christianity: Religion in Britain’s West African Colonial Army (c.1900–1960)","authors":"Timothy J. Stapleton","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2019.1701619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2019.1701619","url":null,"abstract":"Religion was an important and dynamic aspect of Britain’s West African colonial army. The religious composition of the force changed from primarily Muslim in the late nineteenth century to primarily traditionalist and Muslim during the early twentieth century to overwhelmingly Christian during and immediately after the Second World War. These changes reflected not only military requirements but also broader social trends. While Muslim religious life in the military reflected a ‘barracks Islam’ accommodated by British officers, a top-down form of command Christianity emerged from the 1940s. Appointed during the Second World War, military chaplains and imams encouraged recruiting and strengthened morale but the presence of black religious officials challenged the existing racial hierarchy.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07292473.2019.1701619","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42908465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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