Interjections are a class of words found across all natural languages. Their use relates to the expression of mental states or speech acts within the discursive context. Although they are relatively common in natural languages, they represent a class of words that are poorly integrated into the grammar, and therefore, are theoretically less predictable as linguistic elements for planned languages such as Esperanto. In this article, I propose to analyze the use of some interjections in Esperanto. The aim is to understand how competent speakers of this language employ interjections. For this, in the first part I review the literature on the linguistic aspects of interjections, in comparison with the Esperanto grammatical tradition; then I analyze the data related to the use of these words by competent speakers, which I obtained through the application of a survey specially designed for this purpose, which is also described in this article.
{"title":"Unua aliro al la uzo de interjekcioj en Esperanto","authors":"Fabio Fortes","doi":"10.14746/il.2021.45.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/il.2021.45.3","url":null,"abstract":"Interjections are a class of words found across all natural languages. Their use relates to the expression of mental states or speech acts within the discursive context. Although they are relatively common in natural languages, they represent a class of words that are poorly integrated into the grammar, and therefore, are theoretically less predictable as linguistic elements for planned languages such as Esperanto. In this article, I propose to analyze the use of some interjections in Esperanto. The aim is to understand how competent speakers of this language employ interjections. For this, in the first part I review the literature on the linguistic aspects of interjections, in comparison with the Esperanto grammatical tradition; then I analyze the data related to the use of these words by competent speakers, which I obtained through the application of a survey specially designed for this purpose, which is also described in this article.","PeriodicalId":43668,"journal":{"name":"Linguisticae Investigationes","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83218636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of Ilona Koutny, Ida Stria, Michael Farris (eds) 2021: The intercultural role of Esperanto / Interkultura rolo de Esperanto / Międzykulturowa rola esperanta. (Cross-linguistic and Cross-cultural Studies 2.) Poznań: Rys, 254 pp. – https://wydawnictworys.com/the-intercultural-role-of-esperanto-interkultura-rolo-de-esperanto-miedzykulturowa-rola-esperanta-red-ilona-koutny-ida-stria-michael-farris.html
{"title":"Review of Koutny, Stria, Farris (eds) 2021: The intercultural role of Esperanto / Interkultura rolo de Esperanto / Międzykulturowa rola esperanta","authors":"K. Schubert","doi":"10.14746/il.2021.45.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/il.2021.45.6","url":null,"abstract":"Review of Ilona Koutny, Ida Stria, Michael Farris (eds) 2021: The intercultural role of Esperanto / Interkultura rolo de Esperanto / Międzykulturowa rola esperanta. (Cross-linguistic and Cross-cultural Studies 2.) Poznań: Rys, 254 pp. – https://wydawnictworys.com/the-intercultural-role-of-esperanto-interkultura-rolo-de-esperanto-miedzykulturowa-rola-esperanta-red-ilona-koutny-ida-stria-michael-farris.html","PeriodicalId":43668,"journal":{"name":"Linguisticae Investigationes","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73255605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Niniejszy artykuł na celu ma zbadanie obecnych wśród użytkowników języka polskiego stereotypów chrześcijanina, muzułmanina oraz buddysty. Dane zostały zebrane przeprowadzając autorskie badanie psychosemantyczne wśród 60 studentów Wydziału Neofilologii Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Za pomocą techniki skojarzeń kierowanych i przy użyciu kwestionariusza ankietowego odtworzono stereotypowy wizerunek przedstawicieli trzech najbardziej rozpowszechnionych w Polsce religii. W pracy zawarto liczbową oraz semantyczną analizę wyników, porównano wyobrażenia na temat wyznawców chrześcijaństwa, islamu i buddyzmu, sprawdzono wpływ wyznania badanych na ich odpowiedzi oraz zaproponowano sposoby przeprowadzenia dalszych badań.
{"title":"Stereotypowe obrazy przedstawicieli chrześcijaństwa, islamu i buddyzmu z perspektywy użytkowników języka polskiego. Badanie psychosemantyczne","authors":"Anita Adamczewska","doi":"10.14746/il.2021.45.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/il.2021.45.1","url":null,"abstract":"Niniejszy artykuł na celu ma zbadanie obecnych wśród użytkowników języka polskiego stereotypów chrześcijanina, muzułmanina oraz buddysty. Dane zostały zebrane przeprowadzając autorskie badanie psychosemantyczne wśród 60 studentów Wydziału Neofilologii Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Za pomocą techniki skojarzeń kierowanych i przy użyciu kwestionariusza ankietowego odtworzono stereotypowy wizerunek przedstawicieli trzech najbardziej rozpowszechnionych w Polsce religii. W pracy zawarto liczbową oraz semantyczną analizę wyników, porównano wyobrażenia na temat wyznawców chrześcijaństwa, islamu i buddyzmu, sprawdzono wpływ wyznania badanych na ich odpowiedzi oraz zaproponowano sposoby przeprowadzenia dalszych badań.","PeriodicalId":43668,"journal":{"name":"Linguisticae Investigationes","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88699985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Konferenzbericht: 31. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik e. V., Berlin, 12.–14.11.2021.
会议的报告:31 .年会社会为Interlinguistik e . V ."柏林，12:
{"title":"Konferenzbericht: 31. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik e. V., Berlin, 12.–14.11.2021","authors":"C. Brosch","doi":"10.14746/il.2021.45.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/il.2021.45.7","url":null,"abstract":"Konferenzbericht: 31. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik e. V., Berlin, 12.–14.11.2021.","PeriodicalId":43668,"journal":{"name":"Linguisticae Investigationes","volume":"84 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77187654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the new era of information and communication technology, the representation of information is of increasing importance. Knowing how words are connected to each other in the mind and what processes facilitate the creation of connections could result in better optimized applications, e.g. in computer aided education or in search engines. This paper models the growth process of a word association database with an algorithm. We present the network structure of word associations for an agglutinative language and compare it with the network of English word associations. Using the real-world data so obtained, we create a model that reproduces the main features of the observed growth process and show the evolution of the network. The model describes the growth of the word association data as a mixture of a topic based process and a random process. The model makes it possible to gain insight into the overall processes which are responsible for creating an interconnected mental lexicon.
{"title":"Growing Networks – Modelling the Growth of Word Association Networks for Hungarian and English","authors":"László Kovács, Kata Orosz, P. Pollner","doi":"10.14746/il.2021.45.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/il.2021.45.5","url":null,"abstract":"In the new era of information and communication technology, the representation of information is of increasing importance. Knowing how words are connected to each other in the mind and what processes facilitate the creation of connections could result in better optimized applications, e.g. in computer aided education or in search engines. \u0000This paper models the growth process of a word association database with an algorithm. We present the network structure of word associations for an agglutinative language and compare it with the network of English word associations. Using the real-world data so obtained, we create a model that reproduces the main features of the observed growth process and show the evolution of the network. The model describes the growth of the word association data as a mixture of a topic based process and a random process. \u0000The model makes it possible to gain insight into the overall processes which are responsible for creating an interconnected mental lexicon.","PeriodicalId":43668,"journal":{"name":"Linguisticae Investigationes","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81354813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the Japanese ‘X wa Y o shiteiru’ form, which represents the simple state or property of an object. After illustrating the basic features of the linguistic pattern, the paper examines how the pattern is formed by focusing on the conceptualizer’s cognition regarding objects. To conclude, the paper argues that the simple stative interpretation of the pattern derives from the process of subjectification proposed in the field of cognitive grammar.
本文讨论了日语的“X wa Y o shiiteiru”形式，它代表了一个对象的简单状态或属性。在阐述了语言模式的基本特征之后，本文着重从概念化者对客体的认知出发，考察了语言模式的形成过程。综上所述，本文认为这种模式的简单静态解释源于认知语法领域提出的主体化过程。
{"title":"The Japanese ‘X wa Y o shiteiru’ pattern as simple stative expressions","authors":"Yuichiro Ogami","doi":"10.14746/il.2020.44.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/il.2020.44.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the Japanese ‘X wa Y o shiteiru’ form, which represents the simple state or property of an object. After illustrating the basic features of the linguistic pattern, the paper examines how the pattern is formed by focusing on the conceptualizer’s cognition regarding objects. To conclude, the paper argues that the simple stative interpretation of the pattern derives from the process of subjectification proposed in the field of cognitive grammar.","PeriodicalId":43668,"journal":{"name":"Linguisticae Investigationes","volume":"215 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72444598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indonesia has many local languages. One of the local languages used in Indonesia is Balantak language. It is used by people who live in 5 (five) sub-districts in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi. In Balantak language, there are a number of words which are formed by using reduplication. Reduplication is found in many languages but is quite diverse as a process and in its. Due to reduplicated words in Balantak language, the writers are interested in analyzing the problem statement about: What are the forms of reduplicated words in Balantak language? Reduplication is the repetition of an entire word or part of the word. According to Haspelmath and Sims (2010), reduplications are a very common morphological operation, whereby part of the base orthe complete base is copied and attached to the base (either preceding or following it). In Balantak language both forms of reduplication are found full reduplication and partial reduplication, and each form consists of various kind of words.
{"title":"The Reduplication Process of Balantak Language: A Minority Austronesian Language of Eastern Sulawesi","authors":"Valentino Pamolango, Cho Young Ho","doi":"10.14746/il.2020.44.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/il.2020.44.2","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia has many local languages. One of the local languages used in Indonesia is Balantak language. It is used by people who live in 5 (five) sub-districts in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi. In Balantak language, there are a number of words which are formed by using reduplication. \u0000Reduplication is found in many languages but is quite diverse as a process and in its. Due to reduplicated words in Balantak language, the writers are interested in analyzing the problem statement about: What are the forms of reduplicated words in Balantak language? \u0000Reduplication is the repetition of an entire word or part of the word. According to Haspelmath and Sims (2010), reduplications are a very common morphological operation, whereby part of the base orthe complete base is copied and attached to the base (either preceding or following it). In Balantak language both forms of reduplication are found full reduplication and partial reduplication, and each form consists of various kind of words.","PeriodicalId":43668,"journal":{"name":"Linguisticae Investigationes","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80406409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For decades, the central issues surrounding Binding have been investigation of mechanisms of co-referentiality. Most of literature have attempt to find out the mechanisms of binding condition (Chomsky 1981, 1986). This paper will shed new light on the Binding, that is morphological aspects of reflexive anaphors and pronouns, and the source of subject orientation. The purposes of this paper are to claim that Apparent ses (Pica (1985)) in some languages are in fact pronoun and thesubject orientation is emerged as a result of person/gender-feature (φ-feature) impoverishment (cf. Noyer (1997), Halle (1997)). To claim these, this paper looks at Thai and Japanese data. The organization of this paper from next chapter is as follows. Section 2 briefly reviews binding theory we adopt. Then section 3, Thai binding data are introduced. Based on Thai data provided in section 3, section 4 provides proposal and analysis, in which the morpho-semantic framework by Middleton (2018) is introduced. Section 5 shows the current account is also applicable to Japanese reflexives. Section 6 concludes this paper.
{"title":"Reflexives are Results of Impoverishment","authors":"Yusuke Yoda","doi":"10.14746/il.2020.44.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/il.2020.44.4","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, the central issues surrounding Binding have been investigation of mechanisms of co-referentiality. Most of literature have attempt to find out the mechanisms of binding condition (Chomsky 1981, 1986). This paper will shed new light on the Binding, that is morphological aspects of reflexive anaphors and pronouns, and the source of subject orientation. The purposes of this paper are to claim that Apparent ses (Pica (1985)) in some languages are in fact pronoun and thesubject orientation is emerged as a result of person/gender-feature (φ-feature) impoverishment (cf. Noyer (1997), Halle (1997)). To claim these, this paper looks at Thai and Japanese data. The organization of this paper from next chapter is as follows. Section 2 briefly reviews binding theory we adopt. Then section 3, Thai binding data are introduced. Based on Thai data provided in section 3, section 4 provides proposal and analysis, in which the morpho-semantic framework by Middleton (2018) is introduced. Section 5 shows the current account is also applicable to Japanese reflexives. Section 6 concludes this paper.","PeriodicalId":43668,"journal":{"name":"Linguisticae Investigationes","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83544475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A constraint-based approach to linguistic interfaces","authors":"Gabriela Bîlbîie","doi":"10.1075/li.00038.bil","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/li.00038.bil","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43668,"journal":{"name":"Linguisticae Investigationes","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48856126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary In this paper, we model the left-bounded state reading and the true reflexive reading of the se clitic in the Spanish psychological domain. We argue that a lexical analysis of se provides us with a more accurate description of the different classes of psychological verbs that occur with the clitic. We provide a unified analysis where the use of the two readings of se are modeled by means of lexical rules. We take the morphologically simple but semantically more complex basic items (e.g. asustar ‘frighten’) as input of the lexical rules, getting as the output a morphologically more complex but semantically simpler verb (e.g asustarse ‘get frightened’). The analysis for psych verbs correctly allows only those verbs assigning accusative to the experiencer or the stimulus to combine with se, hence preventing dative verbs from entering the lexical rules. The analysis also demonstrates how to account for punctual and non-punctual readings of psych verbs with se incorporating ‘boundaries’ into the type hierarchy of eventualities.
{"title":"Boundaries at play","authors":"Antonio Machicao y Priemer, Paola Fritz-Huechante","doi":"10.1075/li.00040.mac","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/li.00040.mac","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In this paper, we model the left-bounded state reading and the true reflexive reading of the se clitic in the Spanish psychological domain. We argue that a lexical analysis of se provides us with a more accurate description of the different classes of psychological verbs that occur with the clitic. We provide a unified analysis where the use of the two readings of se are modeled by means of lexical rules. We take the morphologically simple but semantically more complex basic items (e.g. asustar ‘frighten’) as input of the lexical rules, getting as the output a morphologically more complex but semantically simpler verb (e.g asustarse ‘get frightened’). The analysis for psych verbs correctly allows only those verbs assigning accusative to the experiencer or the stimulus to combine with se, hence preventing dative verbs from entering the lexical rules. The analysis also demonstrates how to account for punctual and non-punctual readings of psych verbs with se incorporating ‘boundaries’ into the type hierarchy of eventualities.","PeriodicalId":43668,"journal":{"name":"Linguisticae Investigationes","volume":"43 1","pages":"62-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48318789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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