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Sajnovics’s Demonstratio (1770) A linguistic treatise based on methods of natural sciences 萨伊诺维奇的论证(1770)基于自然科学方法的语言学专著
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.14746/il.2022.46.2
Zsuzsa Constantinovitsné Vladár
Sajnovics János (1733–1785) was the author of the basic work of comparative linguistics (Demonstratio 1770), which is considered the first scientific demonstration of the affinity of Hungarian and a Finno-Ugric language, Saami. This work was created on the occasion of the 1769 astronomical expedition in Denmark as unplanned side research. After the expedition the leader, Maximilian Hell reported on the transition of Venus (Transitio Veneris) and his assistant, János Sajnovics on the Hungarian–Lappish linguistic identity (Demonstratio).[1] This paper will deal with the scientific research methodology of Demonstratio comparing it with the methodology applied in Hell’s astronomical treatise. We also consider some contemporary critics of the methodology of Demonstratio.   [1] In this paper I will use the term Lappish instead of politically correct Saami, according to the 18th-century terminology.
Sajnovics János(1733-1785)是比较语言学基础工作(Demonstratio 1770)的作者,该工作被认为是匈牙利语和芬兰-乌戈尔语萨米语亲缘关系的第一个科学论证。这幅作品是在1769年丹麦天文探险时创作的,作为一项计划外的业余研究。探险结束后,领队Maximilian Hell报告了维纳斯的过渡(Transitio Veneris)和他的助手János Sajnovics关于匈牙利-拉普语的语言认同(Demonstratio)。[1]本文将论述《论证》的科学研究方法,并将其与《赫尔的天文学专著》的研究方法进行比较。我们也考虑了当代对论证方法论的一些批评。[1]在本文中,根据18世纪的术语,我将使用术语Lappish,而不是政治上正确的Saami。
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引用次数: 0
Tolkien: Esperanto, Sindarin and Welsh
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.14746/il.2022.46.3
Paul Harry Barron
La majstroverko de Tolkien estas sendube La Mastro de la Ringoj, en kiu la aŭtoro rakontas fantastan epopeon de lando, kiun li nomas Meza Tero. Por ĉi tiu mondo, li kreis almenaŭ dek kvar lingvojn, unu por ĉiuj popoloj, kiuj enloĝas ĝin. La du plej bone konataj estas Quenya  kaj Sindarin, kiuj estas la lingvoj, kiujn parolis la Elfoj. Dum sia tuta vivo, Tolkien interesiĝis pri lingvoj, aparte mezepokaj ĝermanaj lingvoj, sed li ankaŭ multe amis la kimran lingvon, kaj multe admiris la finnan. Unu el la ĉefaj kialoj de tiuj admiro kaj amo de tiuj lingvoj estis la fakto, ke ĉiuj posedis literaturon, kiun li konsideris eposa kaj epopea, kaj li esprimis bedaŭron, ke la moderna angla ne havis tian literaturon. Junaĝe, li promesis verki epopeojn por dediĉi al la angla kaj la angla nacio. Kiam li unue renkontis Esperanton, li plene subtenis ĝiajn idealojn, sed, pro la fakto, ke la lingvo estis tro juna por posedi eposan literaturon, li iom post iom forlasis la movadon. Uzante sian konon de la finna lingvo, lia unua provo de lingvokreado estis la pra-Quenya, en kiu li verkis poezion. Li poste kreis Sindarin-on, bazita sur la kimra lingvo. Li verkis la epopeon La Mastro de la Ringo, por doni al siaj lingvaj kreaĵoj kvazaŭan historian fundamenton. Sindarin kaj Quenya pluevoluis kaj estas nun parolataj de komunumoj tra la tuta mondo.
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引用次数: 0
Bringing constructed languages back to the debate: The contributions of interlinguistics to general linguistics 将建构语言带回辩论:间际语言学对一般语言学的贡献
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.14746/il.2022.46.5
Guilherme Fians
In the first half of the twentieth century, the fields of interlinguistics and Esperanto studies emerged as branches of linguistics focused on the study of languages designed for international communication (such as Volapük, Esperanto, and Ido). Yet, why are there specific fields to study language creation and why should linguists care about this? Looking at the history of constructed languages, this article explores the institutionalization of interlinguistics by focusing on the history of the Centre for Research and Documentation on World Language Problems (CED, in its Esperanto acronym), a research center founded in 1952 whose developments encapsulate certain aspects of this broader narrative. From an analysis of CED’s 44th Esperanto Studies Conference, in 2022, I flesh out the potential of interlinguistics to contribute back to linguistics and to the humanities disciplines that originated it. Ultimately, this article calls for the reinsertion of constructed languages into general linguistics debates.
在20世纪上半叶,国际语言学和世界语研究领域作为语言学的分支出现,重点研究为国际交流而设计的语言(如volapkk,世界语和Ido)。然而,为什么要有专门的领域来研究语言创造?为什么语言学家要关注这个问题?回顾建构语言的历史,本文通过关注世界语言问题研究和文献中心(CED,世界语首字母缩写)的历史来探索间语言学的制度化,该研究中心成立于1952年,其发展概括了这一更广泛叙事的某些方面。从CED的第44届世界语研究会议的分析,在2022年,我充实了语言间的潜力,以贡献回语言学和人文学科的起源它。最后,本文呼吁将构造语言重新插入一般语言学辩论中。
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引用次数: 0
The bilingual model of F.H. Donckemann from 1826 1826年F.H. Donckemann的双语模式
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.14746/il.2022.46.4
S. Zavarský
This article highlights the relationship between Neo-Latin Philology and Esperantology. Both these disciplines focus on a language that is non-native, international, and used in many different contexts. The benefit of Neo-Latin Philology for Esperantology can be expressed through the saying historia magistra vitae (history is life’s teacher), while, vice versa, Esperantology can fulfill its role in relation to Neo-Latin Philology in that it functions according to a modified version of this saying—namely, vita interpres historiae (life is history’s interpreter). More specifically, this article deals with the tract entitled Commentatio de hodierno linguae Latinae usu in litteris doctrinisque tradendis (A Commentary on the Use of the Latin Language in Scholarship and Education) which was written by F. H.L. Donckermann in 1826. In it, the author considers the advantages and disadvantiges of the use of vernacular languages in education and science, and he comes to the conclusion that a common international language, which for him is Latin, is necessary. Finally, he proposes a bilingual, Latin-vernacular model, while at the same time discussing the means through which this model could be continually maintained. The ideas and proposals of Donckermann correspond admirably to later development within the Esperanto community.
本文着重介绍了新拉丁文献学与世界语学的关系。这两门学科都关注于一门非母语的、国际性的、在许多不同语境中使用的语言。新拉丁文献学对世界语学的好处可以通过“历史是生活的老师”这句话来表达,反之亦然,世界语学可以履行其与新拉丁文献学相关的角色,因为它根据这句话的修改版本-即“vita interprehistoriae”(生活是历史的解释者)。更具体地说,本文讨论了F. H.L. Donckermann于1826年写的题为《在学术和教育中使用拉丁语的评论》的小册子。在这篇文章中,作者考虑了在教育和科学中使用本土语言的利弊,并得出结论,一种共同的国际语言,对他来说是拉丁语,是必要的。最后,他提出了一种双语、拉丁-白话模式,同时探讨了这种模式如何得以持续维持。Donckermann的思想和建议与世界语社区后来的发展非常吻合。
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引用次数: 0
Konferenzbericht: 32. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik e. V., Berlin, 18.–20.11.2022 会议的报告:32 .年会社会为Interlinguistik e . V .柏林,20年11月20日
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.14746/il.2022.46.7
C. Brosch
Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften Jägerstraße 22/23 , 10117 Berlin.
勃兰登堡州科学学校街22/23,10117号柏林
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引用次数: 0
Review of Koutny, Stria, Farris, Michael (eds.) 2020: The role of languages in intercultural communication / Rolo de lingvoj en interkultura komunikado / Rola języków w komunikacji międzykulturowej. Poznań: Rys
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.14746/il.2022.46.6
Fabio Fortes
Intercultural exchange is undoubtedly a fact of our time. Over the last few decades, globalisation has enabled people from various parts of the world to interact for various purposes, from tourism to business, from education to international politics, from people working abroad to war refugees finding a new home. This trend was further accentuated after the 2020 pandemic, which made distance on-line communication popular and accessible on a very large scale. Despite the bright side of this phenomenon, language remains an issue (not to say a barrier) for intercultural communication.
跨文化交流无疑是我们这个时代的事实。在过去的几十年里,全球化使来自世界各地的人们能够出于各种目的进行互动,从旅游到商业,从教育到国际政治,从在国外工作的人到寻找新家园的战争难民。这一趋势在2020年大流行之后进一步加剧,这使得远程在线通信非常流行,并且可以大规模使用。尽管这种现象有好的一面,但语言仍然是跨文化交流的一个问题(而不是障碍)。
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引用次数: 0
Partial synonymy of terms: Diverse labels for, and interpretations of, light verb constructions 术语的部分同义词:轻动词结构的不同标签和解释
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.14746/il.2022.46.1
Éva Hrenek
The point of departure of this paper is the hypothesis that, by examining the various labels used for the verbal expressions (also) known as light verb constructions (e.g., periphrastic constructions, pleonastic expressions, semi-compositional constructions), it is possible to pinpoint the features that the various approaches dealing with that particular category and that phenomenon interpret as definitive, essential specificities of the linguistic units in question (cf. 2.1). In addition, the exploration of the differences across categories referred to by terms that are synonymous (at least in some of their uses) might contribute to outlining the features of prototypical and non-prototypical light verb constructions, and refining the systematization of the above-mentioned expressions. In this article, I will first review the general characteristics of denomination (2.1), and those of terminology formation (2.2). After that, I will briefly sketch the approaches typically connected to the terms that are occasionally used synonymously with the term light verb construction (3). Then, on the basis of the intersection of the different approaches, I will outline a definition of light verb constructions that can currently be regarded as being the most general and accepted (4). Finally, combining several views found in the literature, I will attempt a prototype-based approach to the construction type under discussion and determine the features of prototypical light verb constructions (5).
本文的出发点是这样一个假设,即通过检查用于动词表达(也称为轻动词结构)的各种标签(例如,迂回结构,pleonastic expressions,半组合结构),有可能确定处理该特定类别和该现象的各种方法的特征,并将其解释为所讨论的语言单位的明确的基本特征(参见2.1)。此外,探索同义术语所指的类别之间的差异(至少在它们的某些用法中)可能有助于概述原型和非原型轻动词结构的特征,并改进上述表达的系统化。在本文中,我将首先回顾命名(2.1)和术语形成(2.2)的一般特征。之后,我将简要概述与偶尔与轻动词结构同义使用的术语相关的典型方法(3)。然后,在不同方法交叉的基础上,我将概述轻动词结构的定义,该定义目前可以被认为是最普遍和接受的(4)。最后,结合文献中发现的几种观点,我将尝试一种基于原型的方法来研究讨论中的构式类型,并确定原型轻动词构式的特征(5)。
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引用次数: 0
Analiza mowy jako narzędzie diagnozy chorób neurodegeneracyjnych
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.14746/il.2021.45.8
K. Jankowska
Objective: The aim of the work is to compare the results of research on the oral language of people with neurodegenerative diseases. On the basis of literature, research results and available information, research methodologies in the subject and test results are presented. Speech variables that have been considered in the studies were presented, including linguistic, phonetic and phonological features, prosodic, acoustic, lexical, semantic, syntactic and morpho-syntactic features. Material and methods: A comprehensive review and analysis of literature, articles in peer-reviewed journals, in the field of language disorders resulting from brain damage resulting from neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusions: Studies show that the speech analysis is a crucial diagnosis tool, which can be used for early neurodegenerative changes recognition. No such studies have been carried out in the Polish language so far.
目的:本研究的目的是比较神经退行性疾病患者口头语言的研究结果。在文献、研究成果和现有信息的基础上,提出了本课题的研究方法和测试结果。介绍了研究中考虑的语音变量,包括语言、语音和语音特征,韵律、声学、词汇、语义、句法和形态句法特征。材料和方法:对由神经退行性疾病引起的脑损伤引起的语言障碍领域的文献、同行评议期刊上的文章进行全面的回顾和分析。结论:研究表明语音分析是一种重要的诊断工具,可用于早期神经退行性改变的识别。到目前为止,还没有用波兰语进行这种研究。
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引用次数: 0
Synonymous light verb constructions and synonymy groups. A study of verb variability in Hungarian 同义轻动词结构与同义群。匈牙利语动词变异性研究
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.14746/il.2021.45.4
Éva Hrenek
Light verb constructions are typically interpreted as idiom-like, fixed patterns in the literature (see e.g. Forgács 2015). However, corpus data suggest that such constructions may also display variability, potentially inviting a study in terms of synonymy. For instance, this is the case with barátságot köt [lit. ‘tie a friendship’] ~ barátságot sző [lit. ‘weave a friendship’] ~ barátságot épít [lit. ‘build a friendship’], all meaning ‘make friends’. In the present case study, I explore patterns of the structure N-ba/be ‘into N’ + V, in particular feledésbe V ‘become forgotten’ (where feledésbe means ‘into oblivion’), homályba V ‘become obscure’ (where homályba means ‘into obscurity’) and sötétségbe V ‘become dark’ (where sötétségbe means ‘into darkness’). More specifically, I examine variants of these LVCs (e.g. homályba vész [lit. ‘be lost into obscurity’] ~ homályba szürkül [‘fade into oblivion’]), yielding synonym groups. Primarily using corpus data from the Hungarian National Corpus, I seek to find out how these three synonym groups are related semantically, and how their similarities and differences can be described by studying i. central and marginal patterns within them and ii. verbal lexemes (elfelejtődik ‘become forgotten’, elhomályosul ‘become obscure’ and elsötétedik ‘become dark’, respectively) with which they are synonymous.
轻动词结构在文献中通常被解释为类似成语的固定模式(例如Forgács 2015)。然而,语料库数据表明,这种结构也可能表现出变异性,可能会引起同义词方面的研究。例如,barátságot köt[字面意思是' tie a friendship '] ~ barátságot szza[字面意思是' weave a friendship '] ~ barátságot épít[字面意思是' build a friendship '],意思都是' make friends '。在目前的案例研究中,我探索了N-ba/be ' into N ' + V的结构模式,特别是feled宇航宇航V '被遗忘' (feled宇航宇航表示'被遗忘'),homályba宇航宇航V '变得模糊' (homályba表示'变得模糊')和sötétségbe宇航宇航V '变得黑暗' (sötétségbe表示'进入黑暗')。更具体地说,我研究了这些lcv的变体(例如homályba v rk['消失在默默无闻']~ homályba sz rk['消失在遗忘']),产生同义词组。主要利用匈牙利国家语料库的语料库数据,我试图找出这三个同义词组在语义上是如何相关的,以及如何通过研究它们之间的中心和边缘模式和ii来描述它们的异同。动词词汇(分别是elfelejtődik“被遗忘”、elhomályosul“变得模糊”和elsötétedik“变得黑暗”)是它们的同义词。
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引用次数: 2
Kategorie pojęciowe kobiety oraz kobiety zamężnej w skojarzeniach chińskich
0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.14746/il.2021.45.2
Zuzanna Fludra
Niniejszy artykuł stanowi analizę obrazu przedstawicielek kategorii pojęciowych kobieta i kobieta zamężna odtworzonego na podstawie chińskich skojarzeń słownych. W części teoretycznej autorka zdefiniowała pojęcie stereotypu płci oraz omówiła sytuację równości płci na Tajwanie. Następnie przedstawiła wyniki badań własnych przeprowadzonych na Tajwanie w latach 2019-2020.
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引用次数: 0
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Linguisticae Investigationes
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