{"title":"Unlocking enrollment growth and visibility: The impact of German microcredentials at Oregon State University","authors":"Sebastian Heiduschke","doi":"10.1111/tger.12267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tger.12267","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43693,"journal":{"name":"Unterrichtspraxis-Teaching German","volume":"57 1","pages":"57-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141084979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the general conditions for teaching the German language in China have changed and the German language has experienced continuing growth in this context. Against this background, three new trends can be identified: namely integration, orientation towards general education, and digitalization. The reason for this is that the subject German as a Foreign Language with its dynamic development needs to be research-based, career-relevant, and relevant in the society and to individual growth. These demands have to be balanced with one another. Also, teaching the German language in China faces some challenges, such as raising the profile of German at universities, the continuity of learning German at primary/secondary schools and then later at universities, and the promotion of digital tools in teaching, learning, and research. Finally, regarding the teaching of the German language, it is expected that the cooperation between China, German-speaking countries and other countries where will be expanded and intensified.
{"title":"Integriert, allgemeinbildungsorientiert und digitalisiert: Neuorientierungen bei der Vermittlung der deutschen Sprache in China","authors":"Nannan Ge, Yuan Li","doi":"10.1111/tger.12256","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tger.12256","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, the general conditions for teaching the German language in China have changed and the German language has experienced continuing growth in this context. Against this background, three new trends can be identified: namely integration, orientation towards general education, and digitalization. The reason for this is that the subject German as a Foreign Language with its dynamic development needs to be research-based, career-relevant, and relevant in the society and to individual growth. These demands have to be balanced with one another. Also, teaching the German language in China faces some challenges, such as raising the profile of German at universities, the continuity of learning German at primary/secondary schools and then later at universities, and the promotion of digital tools in teaching, learning, and research. Finally, regarding the teaching of the German language, it is expected that the cooperation between China, German-speaking countries and other countries where will be expanded and intensified.</p>","PeriodicalId":43693,"journal":{"name":"Unterrichtspraxis-Teaching German","volume":"56 2","pages":"142-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>In the editorial of the first issue of this volume of <i>Die Unterrichtspraxis</i>, we announced a number of teaching perspectives on diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) (Baumgartner & Schulze, 2023, p. 5). These Forum articles are featured at the end of this issue, preceded by an extensive history of the DEIA movement in the United States (Tarnawska Senel, this issue). We are excited about being able to provide readers with a number of concrete suggestions about how to decolonize the curriculum and work toward a more just and equitable world.</p><p>The research section begins with <b>James Stratton</b>'s article “Implicit and Explicit Instruction in the Second Language Classroom: A Study of Learner Preferences in Higher Education,” which discusses the preference of the German learners in his study for explicit instruction for pronunciation and vocabulary, for which they also showed improved learning gains. He argues that both implicit and explicit instruction have a place in teaching-and-learning processes. In their article “Effects of Extended Exposure to Video in the Language Classroom on Listening Proficiency,” <b>Theresa Schenker</b> and <b>Lieselotte Sippel</b> suggest that using a telenovela for targeted listening practice is useful to help learners develop their listening skills. The third Research Article “Reading Literature in the Digital Age: Connecting Students to Texts Orally and Aurally” is by <b>Carol Anne Costabile-Heming</b> and <b>Rachel Halverso</b>n. They also make an argument for the importance of listening. Students are guided toward listening to authors reading their own work or participating in an interview because combining spoken and printed texts by literary authors helps improve students’ listening and reading comprehension.</p><p>The research section is followed by two Praxis Articles, which are normally shorter than Research Articles (ca. 4000 words) and are not necessarily rooted in a research question or hypothesis. Rather, these articles focus on applicability in a practical educational context, provide a solution to a genuine challenge, or disseminate best practices in a challenging context. In the first Praxis Article “Integriert, allgemeinbildungsorientiert und digitalisiert: Neuorientierungen bei der Vermittlung der deutschen Sprache in China,” <b>Nannan Ge</b> and <b>Yuan Li</b> discuss a number of changes in the landscape of teaching-and-learning of German in China. They emphasize the necessary improvements in the articulation of German programs from schools to universities, the integration of the German program with a specialized subject program at the university level, and the increasing digitalization. The second Praxis article, <b>Magda Tarnawska Senel</b>'s “Contextualizing DEIA in the German Language Classroom: Terminology and History, DDGC and Recent Developments, Practices, and Resources”, introduces the historical development of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and di
在本卷《教育实践》第一期的社论中,我们宣布了一些关于多样性、公平、包容和可及性(DEIA)的教学观点(鲍姆加特纳&Schulze, 2023,第5页)。这些论坛文章在本期的末尾,在此之前是美国DEIA运动的广泛历史(Tarnawska Senel,本期)。我们很高兴能够为读者提供一些具体的建议,关于如何去殖民化课程,朝着一个更加公正和平等的世界努力。研究部分从James Stratton的文章《第二语言课堂中的内隐和外显教学:高等教育学习者偏好的研究》开始,讨论了在他的研究中,德语学习者对发音和词汇的外显教学的偏好,他们也表现出了更好的学习收益。他认为,隐性指导和显性指导在教与学的过程中都占有一席之地。Theresa Schenker和Lieselotte Sippel在他们的文章《语言课堂中长时间接触视频对听力水平的影响》中建议,使用电视连续剧进行有针对性的听力练习有助于学习者提高听力技能。第三篇研究文章《数字时代的文学阅读:通过口头和听觉将学生与文本联系起来》由卡罗尔·安妮·科斯特拉尔-赫明和雷切尔·霍尔沃森撰写。他们还论证了倾听的重要性。引导学生听作者阅读自己的作品或参加采访,因为结合文学作家的口语和印刷文本有助于提高学生的听力和阅读理解能力。研究部分之后是两篇实践文章,通常比研究文章(约4000字)短,不一定植根于研究问题或假设。相反,这些文章关注的是实际教育环境中的适用性,为真正的挑战提供解决方案,或者在具有挑战性的环境中传播最佳实践。在《实践》第一篇文章《整合、教育与数字化:中国的德语学习新方向》中,葛楠楠和李媛讨论了中国德语教学格局的一些变化。他们强调了从学校到大学的德语课程衔接的必要改进,德语课程与大学水平的专业课程的整合,以及日益增加的数字化。第二篇实践篇,Magda Tarnawska Senel的《德语课堂情境化DEIA》:术语和历史,DDGC和最近的发展,实践和资源”,介绍了多样性,公平和包容(DEI)和多样性,公平,包容和可及性(DEIA)的历史发展,重点关注其演变,包括可及性,归属感和反种族主义,并强调了学术集体多样性,非殖民化和德国课程(DDGC)在促进团结,行动主义及其与当前政治事件的相关性方面的作用。此外,本文还讨论了三种DEIA课堂实践-定位,社会正义框架和反种族主义-以及语言和文化教育的可用资源和新趋势。因此,Tarnawska Senel为DEIA论坛设定了主题。该部分以普里西拉·莱恩的文章《从非殖民化的角度教授德语:批判反乌托邦作为对种族、性别和阶级的批判》开篇,认为非殖民化的德语研究不仅仅是介绍不同的观点,还包括研究与种族和种族化相关的主题,甚至在没有BIPOC字符的文本中,从而强调讨论白人在语言教学中的重要性。李俊涛、曼努埃拉·瓦格纳和安克·芬格描述了一个由政府资助的项目,名为“非殖民化地区研究:走向跨文化公民和社会正义”,该项目允许康涅狄格大学的德语项目在所有德语语言和文化课程中设计和纳入以社会正义为重点的跨文化公民项目。娜塔莉·埃佩尔斯海默(Natalie Eppelsheimer)谈到了利用狂欢节作为流行招聘工具的做法。她的文章《狂欢节教学:服装、文化和文化挪用》关注狂欢节教学,并关注反种族主义教学法和DEI,强调了文化敏感教学在课堂上提出DEI问题的作用,并讨论了“问题服装”(problem Costumes)。Carlee Arnett和Harriett Jernigan在《Wild zeitung - translanguage Above and Below the Fold》中写道,他们的目标之一是帮助我们的学生在目标文化中想象自己。 通过帮助所有学生从目标语言材料中创造意义,教师鼓励他们在自己已知的文化和新文化之间找到一种新的身份。斯科特·温德姆(Scott Windham)和克里斯汀·兰格(Kristin Lange)的《通过学生代理机构应对中断》展示了德国的课程如何通过关注学生代理机构来应对高等教育的中断。这种方法让学生参与课程主题、技术使用和解决重要社会问题的决策,有助于在国家现代语言入学中断的情况下保持较高的入学率。Pascale LaFountain的《超越传统演讲者的教学:小学-大学SPARK教学合作中的多样性优先》描述了她的SPARK德语项目如何提高小学生的跨文化意识,并通过社区参与的教学和学习伙伴关系激发更多样化的德语教学力量。Stephanie Schottel的文章《心理健康素养:在在线语言课堂中实践护理伦理》提醒我们,在线语言课程需要一个护理伦理框架,特别是考虑到学生在疫情期间经历的焦虑和孤立感增加。Senta Goertler以她的文章《多元利益相关者的包容性教学实践》作为论坛的总结,讨论了促进公平、包容和获取所必需的教学实践、政策和评分标准的调整。她认为,通过采用多语言视角、通用设计方法、减少学分、提供多种形式的课程,项目可以更好地满足不同学生群体的需求,更重要的是,确保临时教师的工作量更公平。一如既往,本期由特邀评论完成。这三篇文章都回顾了教科书,并特别注意德文课堂上DEIA活动的材料的适当性。Martina Kerlova讨论了impulse Deutsch 2, Chiedozie Uhuegbu分析了Wir Alle A1, Maxwell Phillips检查了Wolkenkratzer A1和A2。我们希望你会发现这些不同的文章和评论在智力上刺激,在教学上激励,阅读起来很快乐。我们希望在未来的《德语教学与实践》杂志上发表四种稿件和文章类型:研究文章、实践文章、论坛文章和特邀评论。如果收到足够数量的投稿,我们计划发表关于“招聘与留用:挑战、策略和最佳实践”的论坛文章(约2000字)。如果您有一篇简短的论文要投稿给论坛,请尽快与共同编辑取得联系。我们也一直在寻求对未来问题的一般性论坛主题的建议。欢迎在[email protected]提出意见。我们非常感谢Die Unterrichtspraxis/Teaching germany在过去的12个月中完成了一次或多次审查的许多评论者。这本杂志的质量在很大程度上要归功于你们的志愿者工作。感谢Brigetta Abel, Yasemin Acar, Carlee Arnett, Gizem Arslan, Hester Baer, Katharina Barbe, Katrina Bauerlein, Catherine Baumann, Teresa Bell, Bartell Berg, Elizabeth berhardt, Erika Berroth, Viktorija Bilic, Nick Block, Carolyn Blume, Iris Bork-Goldfield, Jennifer Bown, Lauren Brooks, Connor Brown, Beate Brunow, Andrea Bryant, Nicole Burgoyne, Albrecht Classen, Nicole Coleman, Valentina Concu, Kathleen Condray, Carol Anne Costabile
{"title":"Diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility","authors":"Karin Baumgartner, Mathias Schulze","doi":"10.1111/tger.12265","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tger.12265","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the editorial of the first issue of this volume of <i>Die Unterrichtspraxis</i>, we announced a number of teaching perspectives on diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) (Baumgartner & Schulze, 2023, p. 5). These Forum articles are featured at the end of this issue, preceded by an extensive history of the DEIA movement in the United States (Tarnawska Senel, this issue). We are excited about being able to provide readers with a number of concrete suggestions about how to decolonize the curriculum and work toward a more just and equitable world.</p><p>The research section begins with <b>James Stratton</b>'s article “Implicit and Explicit Instruction in the Second Language Classroom: A Study of Learner Preferences in Higher Education,” which discusses the preference of the German learners in his study for explicit instruction for pronunciation and vocabulary, for which they also showed improved learning gains. He argues that both implicit and explicit instruction have a place in teaching-and-learning processes. In their article “Effects of Extended Exposure to Video in the Language Classroom on Listening Proficiency,” <b>Theresa Schenker</b> and <b>Lieselotte Sippel</b> suggest that using a telenovela for targeted listening practice is useful to help learners develop their listening skills. The third Research Article “Reading Literature in the Digital Age: Connecting Students to Texts Orally and Aurally” is by <b>Carol Anne Costabile-Heming</b> and <b>Rachel Halverso</b>n. They also make an argument for the importance of listening. Students are guided toward listening to authors reading their own work or participating in an interview because combining spoken and printed texts by literary authors helps improve students’ listening and reading comprehension.</p><p>The research section is followed by two Praxis Articles, which are normally shorter than Research Articles (ca. 4000 words) and are not necessarily rooted in a research question or hypothesis. Rather, these articles focus on applicability in a practical educational context, provide a solution to a genuine challenge, or disseminate best practices in a challenging context. In the first Praxis Article “Integriert, allgemeinbildungsorientiert und digitalisiert: Neuorientierungen bei der Vermittlung der deutschen Sprache in China,” <b>Nannan Ge</b> and <b>Yuan Li</b> discuss a number of changes in the landscape of teaching-and-learning of German in China. They emphasize the necessary improvements in the articulation of German programs from schools to universities, the integration of the German program with a specialized subject program at the university level, and the increasing digitalization. The second Praxis article, <b>Magda Tarnawska Senel</b>'s “Contextualizing DEIA in the German Language Classroom: Terminology and History, DDGC and Recent Developments, Practices, and Resources”, introduces the historical development of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and di","PeriodicalId":43693,"journal":{"name":"Unterrichtspraxis-Teaching German","volume":"56 2","pages":"100-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tger.12265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a recent study, English-speaking L2 learners of German who received explicit instruction made significantly greater improvements in pronunciation and vocabulary than learners who received implicit instruction. Against the backdrop of this work, the present study reports learner preferences and perceptions about implicit and explicit language instruction. Results highlight a general preference for explicit instruction among university students, with implicit instruction reported as a source of stress and learner anxiety. While implicit and explicit instruction both have a place in the L2 classroom, learners reported that explicit instruction helped circumvent crosslinguistic transfer and ease anxiety. Many learners reported the expectation of declarative knowledge as a function of higher education instruction, suggesting that the exclusive goal of communicative competence may be an insufficient target for university language students. This study highlights the importance of explicit instruction in the L2 classroom.
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Writers and literature enjoy a prominent position in the culture and society of the German-speaking world. Today, German-speaking authors actively cultivate an online presence through publishers’ websites, personal webpages, blogs, and online forums. In this way, the Internet has transformed the literary reading experience of yore into a four-skill media extravaganza. This engenders unrivaled access to the aural, textual, and visual environment in which literary texts reside, a multisensory world in which our students thrive. This essay proposes that audio and video files can fill the gap between how students read and how literature typically has been taught. By analyzing recordings of authors reading their work, performing their work, and being interviewed about their work available in online databases, radio podcasts, and video segments, students learn to access literary texts aurally. This expanded context can revitalize literature for the contemporary language classroom. Following a theoretical introduction about reading in the Digital Age, we present strategies for implementation in sample lesson plans. Our approach exemplifies how combining authorial voices with texts elevates reading to a multimedia experience that increases both listening and reading comprehension.
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This paper takes a closer look at diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) in the context of German Studies and the language classroom in the United States. The first part of the article examines the terminology, provides a general history of DEI/DEIA in higher education in the United States, and traces the development of DEI practices and language to include accessibility, belonging, and anti-racism. The second part of the article focuses on the scholarly collective Diversity, Decolonization, and the German Curriculum and its self-reflective and self-critical stance toward our field, solidarity efforts to create networks of tangible support and empowerment, and its foregrounding of activism. This leads to a discussion of the intersections between current political events and classroom practices. Finally, the last section details three DEIA practices in the classroom—positionality, social justice framework, and antiracism—as well as resources for their implementation. It also points to new promising developments, for example, new outcomes and assessments for the language and culture classroom and pedagogy of care.
{"title":"Contextualizing DEIA in the German language classroom: Terminology and history, DDGC and recent developments, and practices and resources","authors":"Magda Tarnawska Senel","doi":"10.1111/tger.12264","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tger.12264","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper takes a closer look at diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) in the context of German Studies and the language classroom in the United States. The first part of the article examines the terminology, provides a general history of DEI/DEIA in higher education in the United States, and traces the development of DEI practices and language to include accessibility, belonging, and anti-racism. The second part of the article focuses on the scholarly collective Diversity, Decolonization, and the German Curriculum and its self-reflective and self-critical stance toward our field, solidarity efforts to create networks of tangible support and empowerment, and its foregrounding of activism. This leads to a discussion of the intersections between current political events and classroom practices. Finally, the last section details three DEIA practices in the classroom—positionality, social justice framework, and antiracism—as well as resources for their implementation. It also points to new promising developments, for example, new outcomes and assessments for the language and culture classroom and pedagogy of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":43693,"journal":{"name":"Unterrichtspraxis-Teaching German","volume":"56 2","pages":"157-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tger.12264","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136312269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>As US student populations diversify, educators’ job responsibilities and needs shift, and access to language education dwindles due to program closures and the removal of language requirements, it is time to disrupt the tradition of exclusion, inequity, and bifurcation in favor of inclusive pedagogical practices that create and provide access to inclusive and equitable communities for learners and educators. In the following, I summarize some of the changes the German Basic Language Program team at Michigan State University, which I led until summer 2022, has made to improve access, equity, and inclusion. I will first discuss the changes relevant for students and then those for educators.</p><p>Creating inclusive environments for the changing US college student population requires adjustments to a system that was built for one type of student, which in many cases no longer represents the actual student population. Adjusted curricula must also address the needs of those previously underrepresented. Anecdotally, service providers and educators on campus report an increase in students’ needs. Total undergraduate enrollment in the United States has decreased by 9% between 2009 and 2020 though enrollment in public institutions has increased (National Center for Education Statistics, <span>2022a</span>). Undergraduate enrollment changed across racial and ethnic groups with a significant increase in Hispanic enrollment. There was also a significant increase in non-resident alien undergraduate enrollment. These shifts suggest an increase in multicultural and multilingual students. According to the National Center for Education Statistics (<span>2022b</span>), in 2015–2016 19% of undergraduates were students with disabilities, but only one-third reported their disability to the university. According to the Center for First-Generation Student Success (RTI International, <span>2019</span>), in 2015–2016, 56% of students were classified as first-generation students. This is especially pronounced at public universities.</p><p>Our program, the German Basic Language Program at Michigan State University, has recognized that our pedagogical materials as well as our pedagogical practices were not meeting the needs of our current students. There have already been many initiatives to make materials more inclusive and representative (such as the textbook series <i>Impuls Deutsch</i> (Tracksdorf et al., <span>2019</span>) or <span>the German Studies Collaboratory</span>, n.d.) and reports of and guidelines for such curricular changes are increasing (e.g., Cooper, <span>2020</span>; Criser & Knott, <span>2019</span>). Hence, I will focus here on some additional inclusive pedagogical practices: multilingual community building, universal design, and access.</p><p>The US higher education has seen a shift in the proportion of contingent, in comparison to tenured, professors, which has been especially pronounced in the Humanities (e.g., Mintz, <span>2021</span>). In
随着美国学生群体的多样化,教育工作者的工作职责和需求的转变,以及由于项目关闭和语言要求的取消而导致的语言教育机会的减少,现在是时候打破排斥、不平等和分歧的传统,转而支持包容性的教学实践,为学习者和教育工作者创造和提供包容性和公平的社区。在下面,我总结了密歇根州立大学德语基础语言项目团队的一些变化,我领导这个团队直到2022年夏天,为改善机会、公平和包容所做的改变。我将首先讨论与学生相关的变化,然后是与教育者相关的变化。为不断变化的美国大学生群体创造包容的环境,需要调整为一种学生类型建立的系统,在许多情况下,这种学生类型不再代表实际的学生群体。调整后的课程还必须满足那些以前人数不足的学生的需求。有趣的是,校园里的服务提供者和教育工作者报告说,学生的需求有所增加。2009年至2020年间,美国的本科总入学率下降了9%,尽管公立机构的入学率有所增加(National Center for Education Statistics, 2022a)。不同种族和民族的本科生入学率发生了变化,西班牙裔入学率显著增加。非居民外国人本科入学人数也有显著增加。这些变化表明,多文化和多语言学生的数量有所增加。根据国家教育统计中心(2022b)的数据,2015-2016年,19%的本科生是残疾学生,但只有三分之一的学生向学校报告了他们的残疾。根据第一代学生成功中心(RTI International, 2019)的数据,2015-2016年,56%的学生被归类为第一代学生。这一点在公立大学尤为明显。我们的项目,密歇根州立大学的德语基础语言项目,已经认识到我们的教学材料和教学实践不能满足当前学生的需求。已经有许多举措使材料更具包容性和代表性(例如教科书系列impulse Deutsch (Tracksdorf等人,2019)或德国研究合作实验室,n.d),并且关于此类课程变化的报告和指南正在增加(例如,Cooper, 2020;短剑,诺特,2019)。因此,我将在这里重点介绍一些额外的包容性教学实践:多语言社区建设、通用设计和访问。与终身教授相比,美国高等教育中临时教授的比例发生了变化,这在人文学科中尤为明显(例如,明茨,2021年)。在我们密歇根州立大学的德语项目中,临时教师职位以前是由那些没有博士学位或刚刚完成博士学位的人担任的,而今天我们大多数临时教师都拥有博士学位。以前,这些教育工作者在我们系工作几年,然后转到其他地方担任终身职位,而今天的临时教员留在我们学院。虽然临时教师的职位资格和对机构的承诺有所增加,但不公平的工作条件基本保持不变:有限的工作保障,更高的教学负担,有限的投票权,等等。正如Schweiger(2021)所指出的,这些不公平的条件不仅对教育者有影响,而且对学生也有影响。课程和相关的课程两部分(低语言与高水平内容课程)的感知价值仍然存在分歧,导致教育工作者在不同课程水平上的分配不公平(国会外语特设委员会,2007年)。这种分歧的一些后果是,临时教师无法在他们的专业领域或研究重点中进行教学(另见Mintz, 2021)。这些教育工作者往往有更高的教学负荷,每门课程有更多的学生学分,这进一步影响了工作量,扰乱了他们专注于眼前教学需求之外的任何事情的能力。虽然前面提到的学分减少并不能解决分歧问题,但学分减少、多种授课形式和在线教师会议已经导致所有教育工作者在校园里的教学/会议天数减少。一位受影响的教育工作者说:“我终于觉得我可以重新思考了。”非教学日给了我们喘息的空间,减少的工作量也腾出了我们临时教师的时间来专注于课堂以外的项目。 随着美国学生群体的多样化,教育工作者的工作职责和需求的转变,以及由于项目关闭和语言要求的取消而导致的语言教育机会的减少,现在是时候打破排斥、不平等和分歧的传统,转而支持包容性的教学实践,为学习者和教育工作者创造和提供包容性和公平的社区。在下面,我总结了密歇根州立大学德语基础语言项目团队的一些变化,我领导这个团队直到2022年夏天,为改善机会、公平和包容所做的改变。我将首先讨论与学生相关的变化,然后是与教育者相关的变化。为不断变化的美国大学生群体创造包容的环境,需要调整为一种学生类型建立的系统,在许多情况下,这种学生类型不再代表实际的学生群体。调整后的课程还必须满足那些以前人数不足的学生的需求。有趣的是,校园里的服务提供者和教育工作者报告说,学生的需求有所增加。2009年至2020年间,美国的本科总入学率下降了9%,尽管公立机构的入学率有所增加(National Center for Education Statistics, 2022a)。不同种族和民族的本科生入学率发生了变化,西班牙裔入学率显著增加。非居民外国人本科入学人数也有显著增加。这些变化表明,多文化和多语言学生的数量有所增加。根据国家教育统计中心(2022b)的数据,2015-2016年,19%的本科生是残疾学生,但只有三分之一的学生向学校报告了他们的残疾。根据第一代学生成功中心(RTI International, 2019)的数据,2015-2016年,56%的学生被归类为第一代学生。这一点在公立大学尤为明显。我们的项目,密歇根州立大学的德语基础语言项目,已经认识到我们的教学材料和教学实践不能满足当前学生的需求。已经有许多举措使材料更具包容性和代表性(例如教科书系列impulse Deutsch (Tracksdorf等人,2019)或德国研究合作实验室,n.d),并且关于此类课程变化的报告和指南正在增加(例如,Cooper, 2020;Criser & Knott, 2019)。因此,我将在这里重点介绍一些额外的包容性教学实践:多语言社区建设、通用设计和访问。语言课程的教科书和评分标准通常采用二元身份:母语者和外国人。以母语为母语的人是理想的,而外国人有文化和语言上的缺陷。然而,我们的学生经常把多文化和多语言的技能带到课堂上,并可能在多文化和多语言的环境中应用他们的德语技能。在Douglas Fir小组(2016)的额外语言习得跨学科模型的基础上,我们修改了我们的材料、任务和评分标准,以允许多语言和多元文化。因此,我们承认我们的学习者和教育者正在参与“多语言行动和互动的多语言背景,有助于多语言技能”(Douglas Fir Group, 2016年,第25页)。例如,文化比较是在社区层面上进行的(你的社区与我们正在学习的社区),而不是美国与德国的比较。评分标准侧重于能够有效地与其他讲德语的人交流——允许跨语言、语言多样性和使用各种符号学资源,包括和超越语言。此外,所有的作业和考试评分标准都侧重于学生能做什么,而不是计算或记录仍在出现的内容,从而从缺陷观点转变为学习者作为多语言互动参与者的观点。由于很大一部分有残疾的学生没有透露自己的残疾,而且由于有很多其他因素会影响学生参与最初设计的学习能力,我们从通用设计的角度仔细研究了我们的课程政策和实践。通用设计意味着改变环境来满足人的需求,而不是改变人。虽然一项修改可能是为了满足某一个人的特殊需要而设计的,但它是为所有人实施的,因为它也可能使其他人受益。我们大致遵循CAST的通用学习指南设计(CAST, 2018),旨在创造一个提供多种参与、代表、行动
{"title":"Inclusive pedagogical practices for multiple stakeholders","authors":"Senta Goertler","doi":"10.1111/tger.12259","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tger.12259","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As US student populations diversify, educators’ job responsibilities and needs shift, and access to language education dwindles due to program closures and the removal of language requirements, it is time to disrupt the tradition of exclusion, inequity, and bifurcation in favor of inclusive pedagogical practices that create and provide access to inclusive and equitable communities for learners and educators. In the following, I summarize some of the changes the German Basic Language Program team at Michigan State University, which I led until summer 2022, has made to improve access, equity, and inclusion. I will first discuss the changes relevant for students and then those for educators.</p><p>Creating inclusive environments for the changing US college student population requires adjustments to a system that was built for one type of student, which in many cases no longer represents the actual student population. Adjusted curricula must also address the needs of those previously underrepresented. Anecdotally, service providers and educators on campus report an increase in students’ needs. Total undergraduate enrollment in the United States has decreased by 9% between 2009 and 2020 though enrollment in public institutions has increased (National Center for Education Statistics, <span>2022a</span>). Undergraduate enrollment changed across racial and ethnic groups with a significant increase in Hispanic enrollment. There was also a significant increase in non-resident alien undergraduate enrollment. These shifts suggest an increase in multicultural and multilingual students. According to the National Center for Education Statistics (<span>2022b</span>), in 2015–2016 19% of undergraduates were students with disabilities, but only one-third reported their disability to the university. According to the Center for First-Generation Student Success (RTI International, <span>2019</span>), in 2015–2016, 56% of students were classified as first-generation students. This is especially pronounced at public universities.</p><p>Our program, the German Basic Language Program at Michigan State University, has recognized that our pedagogical materials as well as our pedagogical practices were not meeting the needs of our current students. There have already been many initiatives to make materials more inclusive and representative (such as the textbook series <i>Impuls Deutsch</i> (Tracksdorf et al., <span>2019</span>) or <span>the German Studies Collaboratory</span>, n.d.) and reports of and guidelines for such curricular changes are increasing (e.g., Cooper, <span>2020</span>; Criser & Knott, <span>2019</span>). Hence, I will focus here on some additional inclusive pedagogical practices: multilingual community building, universal design, and access.</p><p>The US higher education has seen a shift in the proportion of contingent, in comparison to tenured, professors, which has been especially pronounced in the Humanities (e.g., Mintz, <span>2021</span>). In ","PeriodicalId":43693,"journal":{"name":"Unterrichtspraxis-Teaching German","volume":"56 2","pages":"206-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tger.12259","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136142933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Teaching German from a decolonial perspective: Critical dystopia as critique of race, gender, and class in Unternehmer","authors":"Priscilla Layne","doi":"10.1111/tger.12258","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tger.12258","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43693,"journal":{"name":"Unterrichtspraxis-Teaching German","volume":"56 2","pages":"173-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tger.12258","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136142655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}