Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160181
J. Coolbaugh, O. Daily
In studies reported herein, diving equipment was evaluated to assess its protective capabilities against microbiological hazards, and methodology was defined for decontamination of this equipment. Suits worn by the divers ranged from the nonprotective neoprene wet suits to the highly-protective variable volume dry suits, and water conditions ranged from warm (16degC) to cold (0degC). Using an indicator bacterium, Aeromonas hydrophila, which is routinely found in most polluted waters, the degree of bacterial contamination of divers and equipment in a variety of conditions was quantified. The studies showed that relatively simple, and easily performed techniques can be highly effective in protection of divers from microbiological hazards they face in polluted waters.
{"title":"Protection of divers in biologically polluted waters","authors":"J. Coolbaugh, O. Daily","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160181","url":null,"abstract":"In studies reported herein, diving equipment was evaluated to assess its protective capabilities against microbiological hazards, and methodology was defined for decontamination of this equipment. Suits worn by the divers ranged from the nonprotective neoprene wet suits to the highly-protective variable volume dry suits, and water conditions ranged from warm (16degC) to cold (0degC). Using an indicator bacterium, Aeromonas hydrophila, which is routinely found in most polluted waters, the degree of bacterial contamination of divers and equipment in a variety of conditions was quantified. The studies showed that relatively simple, and easily performed techniques can be highly effective in protection of divers from microbiological hazards they face in polluted waters.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114113792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160254
J. Hoyt
A free-fall vehicle developed as a platform for a suite of oceanographic sensors is described. The vehicle's principal attributes are portability, speed, and acoustic homing. The vehicle architecture promotes the use of automated diagnostics and data collection. Concurrent with the vehicle development program at Woods Hole, several manufacturers are designing sensors which can be interfaced both mechanically and electronically with the fish. Intercomparison tests with the conventional CTD sensors are planned for late 1985 and early 1986. This paper presents the basic specifications of the Flying Fish to assist in the planning of experiments based on this instrument system. We also present some suggestions for the infrastructure required to support global scale hydrographic surveys.
{"title":"The flying fish: An untethered sensor platform with acoustic homing capability, its role in global scale hydrographic surveys","authors":"J. Hoyt","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160254","url":null,"abstract":"A free-fall vehicle developed as a platform for a suite of oceanographic sensors is described. The vehicle's principal attributes are portability, speed, and acoustic homing. The vehicle architecture promotes the use of automated diagnostics and data collection. Concurrent with the vehicle development program at Woods Hole, several manufacturers are designing sensors which can be interfaced both mechanically and electronically with the fish. Intercomparison tests with the conventional CTD sensors are planned for late 1985 and early 1986. This paper presents the basic specifications of the Flying Fish to assist in the planning of experiments based on this instrument system. We also present some suggestions for the infrastructure required to support global scale hydrographic surveys.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114530204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160282
J. Auyong, R. Ditton, V. Reggio
In state and federal waters offshore Louisiana more than 3500 structures ranging in size from single to multiwell platforms attract thousands of of boat fishermen. A 1980-1981 study supported by the Minerals Management Service revealed distinct offshore fishing patterns. Based on over 12,000 sightings of boat fishing activity by industry volunteers on over 300 major platforms, the study indicated that access, shelf characteristics, transportation networks, demographics and the interrelationship of these factors influence the amount and location of offshore platform fishing. These factors produced an uneven distribution of activity along the coast and seawards; in fact, one-fifth of the study platforms accounted for more than half of all the fishing activity. Such findings on the use patterns associated with offshore structures have implications for planning and evaluating artificial reef systems as well as supplement biological and engineering knowledge.
{"title":"Offshore petroleum structures lure fishermen seaward in the central Gulf of Mexico","authors":"J. Auyong, R. Ditton, V. Reggio","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160282","url":null,"abstract":"In state and federal waters offshore Louisiana more than 3500 structures ranging in size from single to multiwell platforms attract thousands of of boat fishermen. A 1980-1981 study supported by the Minerals Management Service revealed distinct offshore fishing patterns. Based on over 12,000 sightings of boat fishing activity by industry volunteers on over 300 major platforms, the study indicated that access, shelf characteristics, transportation networks, demographics and the interrelationship of these factors influence the amount and location of offshore platform fishing. These factors produced an uneven distribution of activity along the coast and seawards; in fact, one-fifth of the study platforms accounted for more than half of all the fishing activity. Such findings on the use patterns associated with offshore structures have implications for planning and evaluating artificial reef systems as well as supplement biological and engineering knowledge.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124020150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160138
E. Hammerstad, A. Lovik, S. Minde, L. Krane, M. Steinset
The Benigraph seafloor mapping system is an integrated system for hydrographic surveying, pipeline inspection, etc. The system consept is modular including fish positioning, high frequency scanning sonar, data storage and presentation, and a fish with cable and handling equipment and can be used with any accurate surface positioning system. The Benigraph will measure the bottom topography with a resolution of 5 cm in depth and 20 cm in the horizontal plane under typical operational conditions.
{"title":"Field Performance of the Benigraph High-Resolution Multibeam Seafloor Mapping System","authors":"E. Hammerstad, A. Lovik, S. Minde, L. Krane, M. Steinset","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160138","url":null,"abstract":"The Benigraph seafloor mapping system is an integrated system for hydrographic surveying, pipeline inspection, etc. The system consept is modular including fish positioning, high frequency scanning sonar, data storage and presentation, and a fish with cable and handling equipment and can be used with any accurate surface positioning system. The Benigraph will measure the bottom topography with a resolution of 5 cm in depth and 20 cm in the horizontal plane under typical operational conditions.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126388388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160200
K. Eidsvik
Timeseries for residual surface current and wind are analysed to identify simple models for wind generated ocean current. Stochastic models based upon inertial fluctuations allow simple and accurate prediction of surface current and its prediction error over a few hours lead time, and also qualitative good predictions over tens of days lead time. However, stable and "subjectively reasonable" parameter estimation and qualitative model verification is not achieved. The estimation difficulty and prediction accuracy may be consistent due to large scale model errors.
{"title":"On wind generated surface current model identification","authors":"K. Eidsvik","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160200","url":null,"abstract":"Timeseries for residual surface current and wind are analysed to identify simple models for wind generated ocean current. Stochastic models based upon inertial fluctuations allow simple and accurate prediction of surface current and its prediction error over a few hours lead time, and also qualitative good predictions over tens of days lead time. However, stable and \"subjectively reasonable\" parameter estimation and qualitative model verification is not achieved. The estimation difficulty and prediction accuracy may be consistent due to large scale model errors.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126415210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160142
T. Curry, S. Jarvis, D. Hartge, R. Chace
The technical problem addressed in this report is the passive detection of noise-like signals in the non-stationary noise and interference typical of the ocean environment. Applications could include the counting of ships entering or leaving a harbor, or transiting by some point of interest perhaps in harbor traffic control situations. This class of remote sensing application might require the deployment of many compact, self contained systems that are infrequently interrogated or that relay the transit data to other platforms at infrequent intervals. Thus, the detection problem could be compounded by system level considerations such as cost, environmental integrity, volume and operational lifetime. It is in this context that the above technical problem is addressed.
{"title":"Transit detection in the ocean: Some methods and criteria","authors":"T. Curry, S. Jarvis, D. Hartge, R. Chace","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160142","url":null,"abstract":"The technical problem addressed in this report is the passive detection of noise-like signals in the non-stationary noise and interference typical of the ocean environment. Applications could include the counting of ships entering or leaving a harbor, or transiting by some point of interest perhaps in harbor traffic control situations. This class of remote sensing application might require the deployment of many compact, self contained systems that are infrequently interrogated or that relay the transit data to other platforms at infrequent intervals. Thus, the detection problem could be compounded by system level considerations such as cost, environmental integrity, volume and operational lifetime. It is in this context that the above technical problem is addressed.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128175173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160194
M. Bundy
Continued efforts to mate economic theory with biological characteristics of fishery resources has developed a hybrid called bioeconomics. This is an attempt to refine the ideas presented in maximum sustained yield to account for the dollar return for dollar invested in catch effort and lead to the concept of optimum sustainable yield, OSY. Resource managers now regard the optimal degree of utilization of any fishing ground as that which maximizes the net economic yield. This often yields results similar to maximizing a common property fishery. Recently the idea of ownership and future rights to the resource has been introduced. Managers now must solve the fundamental problem of economic efficiency while determining the trade-offs between present and future harvests. They must also find the proper time path for moving toward it. Thus resource management decisions need to be made within the context of a dynamic bioeconomic system.
{"title":"Developing the time path of resource management","authors":"M. Bundy","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160194","url":null,"abstract":"Continued efforts to mate economic theory with biological characteristics of fishery resources has developed a hybrid called bioeconomics. This is an attempt to refine the ideas presented in maximum sustained yield to account for the dollar return for dollar invested in catch effort and lead to the concept of optimum sustainable yield, OSY. Resource managers now regard the optimal degree of utilization of any fishing ground as that which maximizes the net economic yield. This often yields results similar to maximizing a common property fishery. Recently the idea of ownership and future rights to the resource has been introduced. Managers now must solve the fundamental problem of economic efficiency while determining the trade-offs between present and future harvests. They must also find the proper time path for moving toward it. Thus resource management decisions need to be made within the context of a dynamic bioeconomic system.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"27 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132393914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160246
M. Czarnecki, J. Bergin
Multibeam bathymetric systems offer to revolutionize our understanding of the ocean bottom and its major structural features by providing highly detailed measurements of the bottom. Further, multibeam measurements yield bottom depth as a function of both spatial coordinates (i.e. along-track and across-track). The depth resolution is sufficiently fine that conventional contour charts would never incorporate all the information available in the multibeam data. As an alternative to such deterministic presentations, it can be suggested that statistical characterizations be developed for topographic variability at horizontal scales which are small in comparison to the overall dimensions of the feature of interest. We here discuss the study of rough topography on several seamounts by means of multibeam bathymetry. The bottom topography is analyzed in terms of numerous samples of1600 m times 1600m extent. A primary quantity of interest is the rms value of the residual topography. The pattern of variability for the rms values is described for several seamounts and shown to have certain overall similarities.
{"title":"Characteristics of ocean bottom roughness for several seamounts derived from multibeam bathymetric data","authors":"M. Czarnecki, J. Bergin","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160246","url":null,"abstract":"Multibeam bathymetric systems offer to revolutionize our understanding of the ocean bottom and its major structural features by providing highly detailed measurements of the bottom. Further, multibeam measurements yield bottom depth as a function of both spatial coordinates (i.e. along-track and across-track). The depth resolution is sufficiently fine that conventional contour charts would never incorporate all the information available in the multibeam data. As an alternative to such deterministic presentations, it can be suggested that statistical characterizations be developed for topographic variability at horizontal scales which are small in comparison to the overall dimensions of the feature of interest. We here discuss the study of rough topography on several seamounts by means of multibeam bathymetry. The bottom topography is analyzed in terms of numerous samples of1600 m times 1600m extent. A primary quantity of interest is the rms value of the residual topography. The pattern of variability for the rms values is described for several seamounts and shown to have certain overall similarities.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134029774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160168
D. Porter, T. Kao
A mathematical model dependent upon across-shelf and vertical coordinates, but independent of along-shelf coordinates is used to study the effects of a shelf break and of wind stress on the dynamics of oceanic fronts. The governing equations are the coupled diffusion equations and the full non-linear Navier-Stokes equations for a fluid on a f-plane. The problem is given variable bottom topography and/or an applied wind stress. A weak front is developed initially with no wind stress. When equlibrium is reached the wind stress is applied, which causes mixing and a forcing of the front off the shelf break.
{"title":"A model of the effects of a shelf break and of wind stress on the dynamics of oceanic fonts","authors":"D. Porter, T. Kao","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160168","url":null,"abstract":"A mathematical model dependent upon across-shelf and vertical coordinates, but independent of along-shelf coordinates is used to study the effects of a shelf break and of wind stress on the dynamics of oceanic fronts. The governing equations are the coupled diffusion equations and the full non-linear Navier-Stokes equations for a fluid on a f-plane. The problem is given variable bottom topography and/or an applied wind stress. A weak front is developed initially with no wind stress. When equlibrium is reached the wind stress is applied, which causes mixing and a forcing of the front off the shelf break.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"474 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131578915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160241
W. Boyd, R. Lowe
The Cassette Acquisition System (CAS) is a portable, self-contained recording system used extensively by the Center for Coastal Studies (CCS) at Scripps Institution of Oceanography for sensing oceanographic parameters. It consists of four basic components: 1) the data aoquisition unit, 2) recorder unit, 3) power source, and 4) sensor array. The CAS has been used with a very high success rate for the measurement of nearshore waves, currents, water temperature and wind speed and direction. It has been deployed in four different configurations: 1) platform mounted with only the sensors underwater, 2) shore-based with only the sensors underwater, 3) shore-based with sensors and acquisition unit underwater, and 4) encapsulated underwater configuration. The data cassettes are processed through a decoder-unit that interfaces directly to a computer through a standard RS-232 interface or a faster custom parallel interface. Storage on computer disc or magnetic tape leaves the data readily available for processing.
{"title":"A high density cassette data acquisition system: Operation and applications","authors":"W. Boyd, R. Lowe","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160241","url":null,"abstract":"The Cassette Acquisition System (CAS) is a portable, self-contained recording system used extensively by the Center for Coastal Studies (CCS) at Scripps Institution of Oceanography for sensing oceanographic parameters. It consists of four basic components: 1) the data aoquisition unit, 2) recorder unit, 3) power source, and 4) sensor array. The CAS has been used with a very high success rate for the measurement of nearshore waves, currents, water temperature and wind speed and direction. It has been deployed in four different configurations: 1) platform mounted with only the sensors underwater, 2) shore-based with only the sensors underwater, 3) shore-based with sensors and acquisition unit underwater, and 4) encapsulated underwater configuration. The data cassettes are processed through a decoder-unit that interfaces directly to a computer through a standard RS-232 interface or a faster custom parallel interface. Storage on computer disc or magnetic tape leaves the data readily available for processing.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131761055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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