Pub Date : 1989-10-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160208
Jerome R. Wanetick, R. Grove
A study was funded in January 1985 to monitor the reintegration into the Oceanside littoral cell of approximately 600,000 m of sand, released upon the removal of the construction laydown pad on the beach seaward of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station. (SONGS) at San Onofre, California. The study examined historical aerial and subaerial survey data as well as initiating a baseline data collection effort consisting of benchmark establishment, subaerial surveys, offshore bathymetry and reference roe installation and measurement. This work will be the oasis for a proposed two-year program to study the long-term effects of the laydown pad reintegration at SONGS.
{"title":"San Onofre Beach study","authors":"Jerome R. Wanetick, R. Grove","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160208","url":null,"abstract":"A study was funded in January 1985 to monitor the reintegration into the Oceanside littoral cell of approximately 600,000 m of sand, released upon the removal of the construction laydown pad on the beach seaward of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station. (SONGS) at San Onofre, California. The study examined historical aerial and subaerial survey data as well as initiating a baseline data collection effort consisting of benchmark establishment, subaerial surveys, offshore bathymetry and reference roe installation and measurement. This work will be the oasis for a proposed two-year program to study the long-term effects of the laydown pad reintegration at SONGS.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114157512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-05-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160289
R. Peltzer, W. Garrett, P. Smith
The turbulent wake of the USNS Hayes, a twin hulled ship, was imaged simultaneously by a thermal infrared scanner, an X-band microwave radar and a 35 mm strip camera mounted in an NRL RP-3A aircraft. Thermal surface effects and centimeter-scale surface roughness characteristics were determined for both natural ship wakes and those treated with oleyl alcohol, an organic material which produced a monomolecular film on the surface of the turbulent wake. The turbulent motions and the presence of the monomolecular film at the wake surface strongly influenced the centimeter-scale surface roughness. This influence appeared as a significant reduction in the power of the reflected microwave signal from the wake surface compared to the surrounding ambient surface. The persistence of this reduction appeared to increase when the film was present. Various computer codes were employed to analyze the digitized IR video data. They generated temperature contour plots and temperature profiles across the wake at various locations behind the ship. These computer plots along with the original 70 mm photographic representation of the data and the corresponding water temperature data indicated that all the wakes were significantly cooler than the surrounding ambient surface water and slightly cooler than the water at keel depth. The thermal signatures of the wakes treated with the surface film were more persistent than the natural wakes, and the cool surface was maintained over a broader cross section of the treated wakes. These observations can be explained on the basis of changes in emissivity and related surface properties, the ship wake hydrodynamics, wind stress considerations and surface film physics.
{"title":"A remote sensing study of a surface ship wake","authors":"R. Peltzer, W. Garrett, P. Smith","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160289","url":null,"abstract":"The turbulent wake of the USNS Hayes, a twin hulled ship, was imaged simultaneously by a thermal infrared scanner, an X-band microwave radar and a 35 mm strip camera mounted in an NRL RP-3A aircraft. Thermal surface effects and centimeter-scale surface roughness characteristics were determined for both natural ship wakes and those treated with oleyl alcohol, an organic material which produced a monomolecular film on the surface of the turbulent wake. The turbulent motions and the presence of the monomolecular film at the wake surface strongly influenced the centimeter-scale surface roughness. This influence appeared as a significant reduction in the power of the reflected microwave signal from the wake surface compared to the surrounding ambient surface. The persistence of this reduction appeared to increase when the film was present. Various computer codes were employed to analyze the digitized IR video data. They generated temperature contour plots and temperature profiles across the wake at various locations behind the ship. These computer plots along with the original 70 mm photographic representation of the data and the corresponding water temperature data indicated that all the wakes were significantly cooler than the surrounding ambient surface water and slightly cooler than the water at keel depth. The thermal signatures of the wakes treated with the surface film were more persistent than the natural wakes, and the cool surface was maintained over a broader cross section of the treated wakes. These observations can be explained on the basis of changes in emissivity and related surface properties, the ship wake hydrodynamics, wind stress considerations and surface film physics.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133977402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-11-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160190
W. Garber
The present complex of environmental laws in the United States may hamper rather than enhance environmental improvement. They have in most part been single media laws which can be characterized as "pollution abatement" rather than "environmental" statutes. Thus clean water requirements do not consider related impacts upon land and air while clean air requirements do not consider land and water impacts. On the other hand the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act requires net environmental improvement. An example of an environmental problem arising from the single media Clean Water Act with possible amelioration arising from the 1977 Congressional enaction of Section 301(h) of the Act is presented.
{"title":"Environmental laws and environmental improvement","authors":"W. Garber","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160190","url":null,"abstract":"The present complex of environmental laws in the United States may hamper rather than enhance environmental improvement. They have in most part been single media laws which can be characterized as \"pollution abatement\" rather than \"environmental\" statutes. Thus clean water requirements do not consider related impacts upon land and air while clean air requirements do not consider land and water impacts. On the other hand the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act requires net environmental improvement. An example of an environmental problem arising from the single media Clean Water Act with possible amelioration arising from the 1977 Congressional enaction of Section 301(h) of the Act is presented.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"1987 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125474436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-11-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160193
W. Garber
In 1983 the Marine Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council-National Academy of Sciences organized a Committee on Ocean Waste Transportation to consider the question of "Ocean Disposal Systems for Sewage Sludge and Effluent". A report of the work of the Committee was published by the National Academy Press in 1984. A comprehensive contract study of outfall and barge or ship disposal procedures for sludge solilds was made for Committee use. This helped show that a systems approach is required to find the optimum combination of source control, treatment and ocean disposal facilities for least net environmental effect. The Committee also noted that engineering designs can be based upon required water quality objectives for the water column and benthos; and ocean disposal is an option that should be considered with other alternatives. The Committee found it possible to predict the environmental effects of such marine disposal and criteria were proposed for sludge disposal. A strategy of wide dispersion was recommended since containment was not considered technically feasible. The Committee recommended that monitoring systems be designed and operated so that public confidence in the reliability and environmental safety of ocean disposal of treated sewage effluent and sludge was enhanced. Major research needs were identified.
{"title":"Ocean disposal systems for sewage sludge and effluent report of marine board: National research council-national academy of sciences","authors":"W. Garber","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160193","url":null,"abstract":"In 1983 the Marine Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council-National Academy of Sciences organized a Committee on Ocean Waste Transportation to consider the question of \"Ocean Disposal Systems for Sewage Sludge and Effluent\". A report of the work of the Committee was published by the National Academy Press in 1984. A comprehensive contract study of outfall and barge or ship disposal procedures for sludge solilds was made for Committee use. This helped show that a systems approach is required to find the optimum combination of source control, treatment and ocean disposal facilities for least net environmental effect. The Committee also noted that engineering designs can be based upon required water quality objectives for the water column and benthos; and ocean disposal is an option that should be considered with other alternatives. The Committee found it possible to predict the environmental effects of such marine disposal and criteria were proposed for sludge disposal. A strategy of wide dispersion was recommended since containment was not considered technically feasible. The Committee recommended that monitoring systems be designed and operated so that public confidence in the reliability and environmental safety of ocean disposal of treated sewage effluent and sludge was enhanced. Major research needs were identified.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129686734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-12-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160096
J. Ch., J. Dawson
This work attempts to assess the possibility of using reciprocal frequency (1/f) electrochemical noise technique, based on the use of a microcomputer to monitor the performance of sacrificial anodes used in cathodic protection systems. Encouraging results were obtained in laboratory conditions and are presented here. The noise spectra obtained appear to characterise the corrosion attack in sacrificial anodes for cathodic protection systems. Good correlation was obtained between the galvanic current in a cathodic protection system (1:50 anode to cathode ratio) and the corrosion rate as measured by the standard deviation of the anode potential fluctuations. Preliminary results in the field are also presented.
{"title":"Electrochemical noise monitoring technique for cathodic protection systems","authors":"J. Ch., J. Dawson","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160096","url":null,"abstract":"This work attempts to assess the possibility of using reciprocal frequency (1/f) electrochemical noise technique, based on the use of a microcomputer to monitor the performance of sacrificial anodes used in cathodic protection systems. Encouraging results were obtained in laboratory conditions and are presented here. The noise spectra obtained appear to characterise the corrosion attack in sacrificial anodes for cathodic protection systems. Good correlation was obtained between the galvanic current in a cathodic protection system (1:50 anode to cathode ratio) and the corrosion rate as measured by the standard deviation of the anode potential fluctuations. Preliminary results in the field are also presented.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114300044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-12-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160244
J. Ashjaee
A doppler processing technique for smoothing the GPS code-phase measurements is presented. It is shown that this technique can enhance the resolution of C/A pseudo-range measurements to better than 1 centimeter. Data is presented to show that it is possible to obtain position fixes with an runs scatter of a few centimeters from the C/A code. Although the presented technique is applicable to both static and dynamic situations, it is particularly attractive in dynamic applications, where position averaging cannot be performed. This is shown to be a key factor in obtaining sub-meter differential accuracy in low dynamic applications. The interchannel biases in multichannel receivers are also discussed. It is shown how the advantages of multichannel design can be retained without suffering from this effect. The above techniques are implemented in the TRIMBLE 4000A LOCATORs and results are presented in this paper.
{"title":"GPS doppler processing for precise positioning in dynamic applications","authors":"J. Ashjaee","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160244","url":null,"abstract":"A doppler processing technique for smoothing the GPS code-phase measurements is presented. It is shown that this technique can enhance the resolution of C/A pseudo-range measurements to better than 1 centimeter. Data is presented to show that it is possible to obtain position fixes with an runs scatter of a few centimeters from the C/A code. Although the presented technique is applicable to both static and dynamic situations, it is particularly attractive in dynamic applications, where position averaging cannot be performed. This is shown to be a key factor in obtaining sub-meter differential accuracy in low dynamic applications. The interchannel biases in multichannel receivers are also discussed. It is shown how the advantages of multichannel design can be retained without suffering from this effect. The above techniques are implemented in the TRIMBLE 4000A LOCATORs and results are presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121986169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-12-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160293
P. Park, R. Junghans, A. Rock, J. Buizer
The U.S.-Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources (UJNR) has a general objective of promoting development and conservation of natural resources through cooperative activities. Forms of cooperation include joint research projects, such as deep-sea diving, and the reciprocal exchange of scientific information, technical data, specialists, study tours and research equipment. Technical documents are continually generated by various UJNR panel activities. The U.S.-People's Republic of China (PRC) Cooperation in the Field of Marine and Fishery Science and Technology has completed a joint Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary study and is beginning a joint study of interannual variability of tropical oceans and global atmosphere (TOGA) in the western Tropical Pacific Ocean. U.S.-Chile Cooperation is beginning. In addition to Chile's participation in TOGA, a notable 3-year project entitled Tsunami Hazard Reduction Utilizing System Technology (THRUST) is to establish a real-time tsunami warning system served by satellite communication. Hopefully a THRUST system will monitor the entire Pacific Rim when a Japanese stellite joins in to cover the western Pacific.
{"title":"International cooperation in science and technology with Japan, China and Chile","authors":"P. Park, R. Junghans, A. Rock, J. Buizer","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160293","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S.-Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources (UJNR) has a general objective of promoting development and conservation of natural resources through cooperative activities. Forms of cooperation include joint research projects, such as deep-sea diving, and the reciprocal exchange of scientific information, technical data, specialists, study tours and research equipment. Technical documents are continually generated by various UJNR panel activities. The U.S.-People's Republic of China (PRC) Cooperation in the Field of Marine and Fishery Science and Technology has completed a joint Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary study and is beginning a joint study of interannual variability of tropical oceans and global atmosphere (TOGA) in the western Tropical Pacific Ocean. U.S.-Chile Cooperation is beginning. In addition to Chile's participation in TOGA, a notable 3-year project entitled Tsunami Hazard Reduction Utilizing System Technology (THRUST) is to establish a real-time tsunami warning system served by satellite communication. Hopefully a THRUST system will monitor the entire Pacific Rim when a Japanese stellite joins in to cover the western Pacific.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127547623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-11-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160191
T. Page
This note discuses the problem of handling uncertainty in the management of marine resources. In one approach, "science first," scientific questions of fact are addressed first. Once it is concluded that there is a high probability that there is a problem, the analysis preceeds to value questions, where the costs and benefits of possible remedies are weighed. In the alternative "policy first" approach, value questions are addressed at the beginning. The note suggests that both approaches are needed and can be fitted together using a framework of statistical decision theory.
{"title":"Science and policy in marine resource management","authors":"T. Page","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160191","url":null,"abstract":"This note discuses the problem of handling uncertainty in the management of marine resources. In one approach, \"science first,\" scientific questions of fact are addressed first. Once it is concluded that there is a high probability that there is a problem, the analysis preceeds to value questions, where the costs and benefits of possible remedies are weighed. In the alternative \"policy first\" approach, value questions are addressed at the beginning. The note suggests that both approaches are needed and can be fitted together using a framework of statistical decision theory.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126847156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-09-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160213
B. Parsons, H. Link
A system model of open Rankine cycle ocean thermal energy conversion (OC-OTEC) was used to examine the effects of component performance and design on plant cost. Three components are examined in detail: an optional seawater deaeration subsystem, the flash evaporator, and a two-stage direct-contact condenser. Preliminary data quantifying noncondensable gas release in upcomers and a de-bubbler chamber were used to evaluate the effect of predeaeration (removing the dissolved gases in deaeration chambers before the seawater enters the heat exchangers) on system cost and performance. Little data on the interactions between geometry and performance of vertical spout flash evaporators operating under OTEC conditions are available; therefore, we performed independent parametric variations. For the direct-contact condenser previous numerical studies provide the basis for coupling geometry and performance. Results of these studies are useful in setting research priorities, in defining operating conditions for further seawater experiments, and in updating plant cost estimates.
{"title":"System studies of of open-cycle OTEC components","authors":"B. Parsons, H. Link","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160213","url":null,"abstract":"A system model of open Rankine cycle ocean thermal energy conversion (OC-OTEC) was used to examine the effects of component performance and design on plant cost. Three components are examined in detail: an optional seawater deaeration subsystem, the flash evaporator, and a two-stage direct-contact condenser. Preliminary data quantifying noncondensable gas release in upcomers and a de-bubbler chamber were used to evaluate the effect of predeaeration (removing the dissolved gases in deaeration chambers before the seawater enters the heat exchangers) on system cost and performance. Little data on the interactions between geometry and performance of vertical spout flash evaporators operating under OTEC conditions are available; therefore, we performed independent parametric variations. For the direct-contact condenser previous numerical studies provide the basis for coupling geometry and performance. Results of these studies are useful in setting research priorities, in defining operating conditions for further seawater experiments, and in updating plant cost estimates.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"23 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120977110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-03-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160203
K. Bitting
The dynamic stiffness (called the apparent spring constant) and hysteresis of nylon and polyester double braid lines 1-1/2 and 2 inches in diameter are determined in a series of laboratory tests. The experimentally determined apparent spring constant and hysteresis are treated analytically to calculate the viscoelastic parameters of the three-parameter model of a synthetic line. The dynamic behavior of nylon double braid line of 1/2 to 2 inches in diameter are represented by a single equation. The dynamic behavior of 1-1/2 inch and 2 inch diameter polyester double braid line is presented. The apparent spring constant and hysteresis stabilize (i.e., change by less than 10%) after approximately 10,000 cycles of loading. The hysteresis decreases by approximately 30-50% between approximately 100 cycles and 10,000 cycles of loading. The apparent spring constant increases by approximately 20% between approximately 100 and 10,000 cycles of loading.
{"title":"Dynamic modeling of nylon and polyester double braid line","authors":"K. Bitting","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160203","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic stiffness (called the apparent spring constant) and hysteresis of nylon and polyester double braid lines 1-1/2 and 2 inches in diameter are determined in a series of laboratory tests. The experimentally determined apparent spring constant and hysteresis are treated analytically to calculate the viscoelastic parameters of the three-parameter model of a synthetic line. The dynamic behavior of nylon double braid line of 1/2 to 2 inches in diameter are represented by a single equation. The dynamic behavior of 1-1/2 inch and 2 inch diameter polyester double braid line is presented. The apparent spring constant and hysteresis stabilize (i.e., change by less than 10%) after approximately 10,000 cycles of loading. The hysteresis decreases by approximately 30-50% between approximately 100 cycles and 10,000 cycles of loading. The apparent spring constant increases by approximately 20% between approximately 100 and 10,000 cycles of loading.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114907331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：