Pub Date : 2020-09-29DOI: 10.46604/IJETI.2020.5447
V. Sakthivel, M. Suman, P. Sathya
The multi-area economic load dispatch (MAELD) can reduce running costs through making the areas with more cost-effective units produce more energy. The excess power is transferred to the areas with expensive units. This paper contributes a new physics inspired metaheuristic approach called the Coulomb’s and Franklin’s laws based optimizer (CFLBO) to solve the MAELD problem. The CFLBO approach is developed from Coulomb’s and Franklin’s theories, which comprise attraction/repulsion, probabilistic ionization, and contact stages. The effectiveness of the envisaged CFLBO approach has been examined on three standard test systems with various areas. Results obtained by the CFLBO approach are compared with the exchange market algorithm (EMA) and the existing state-of-the-art approaches to deal with MAELD. Numerical outcomes show the benefits of the quick convergence and better quality of the suggested approach compared to existing strategies. Consequently, the proposed approach is a helpful tool for generation planning in MAELD problems.
{"title":"Robust Multi-Area Economic Dispatch Using Coulomb’s and Franklin’s Laws Based Optimizer","authors":"V. Sakthivel, M. Suman, P. Sathya","doi":"10.46604/IJETI.2020.5447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/IJETI.2020.5447","url":null,"abstract":"The multi-area economic load dispatch (MAELD) can reduce running costs through making the areas with more cost-effective units produce more energy. The excess power is transferred to the areas with expensive units. This paper contributes a new physics inspired metaheuristic approach called the Coulomb’s and Franklin’s laws based optimizer (CFLBO) to solve the MAELD problem. The CFLBO approach is developed from Coulomb’s and Franklin’s theories, which comprise attraction/repulsion, probabilistic ionization, and contact stages. The effectiveness of the envisaged CFLBO approach has been examined on three standard test systems with various areas. Results obtained by the CFLBO approach are compared with the exchange market algorithm (EMA) and the existing state-of-the-art approaches to deal with MAELD. Numerical outcomes show the benefits of the quick convergence and better quality of the suggested approach compared to existing strategies. Consequently, the proposed approach is a helpful tool for generation planning in MAELD problems.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"10 1","pages":"235-251"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42881946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-29DOI: 10.46604/IJETI.2020.5596
Ashish Kumar, A. P. Pharwaha
This study investigates the optimized Sierpinski carpet fractal patch antenna and also explores the possibility of the integration of the proposed design with monolithic microwave integrated circuits. The optimization process has been performed using an ant lion optimization algorithm to achieve the required operating frequency and impedance matching. Further, due to surface waves excitation in the high index substrates used for the antenna design, the performance of the antenna degrades. Therefore, a process of micro-machining has been adopted to overcome this limitation. The micro-machining process creates an air cavity underneath the patch which further creates the low index environment in the patch antenna causing drastic improvement in the performance parameters along with the compatibility with monolithic microwave integrated circuits. The design shows multiple resonance frequencies in X-band and Ku-band. The proposed micro-machined design shows the resonance at 7.9 GHz, 9.6 GHz, 13.6 GHz, and 19 GHz with a maximum gain of 6 dBi.
{"title":"Design and Optimization of Micro-Machined Sierpinski Carpet Fractal Antenna Using Ant Lion Optimization","authors":"Ashish Kumar, A. P. Pharwaha","doi":"10.46604/IJETI.2020.5596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/IJETI.2020.5596","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the optimized Sierpinski carpet fractal patch antenna and also explores the possibility of the integration of the proposed design with monolithic microwave integrated circuits. The optimization process has been performed using an ant lion optimization algorithm to achieve the required operating frequency and impedance matching. Further, due to surface waves excitation in the high index substrates used for the antenna design, the performance of the antenna degrades. Therefore, a process of micro-machining has been adopted to overcome this limitation. The micro-machining process creates an air cavity underneath the patch which further creates the low index environment in the patch antenna causing drastic improvement in the performance parameters along with the compatibility with monolithic microwave integrated circuits. The design shows multiple resonance frequencies in X-band and Ku-band. The proposed micro-machined design shows the resonance at 7.9 GHz, 9.6 GHz, 13.6 GHz, and 19 GHz with a maximum gain of 6 dBi.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"10 1","pages":"306-318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44022588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2020.4933
A. Mehrabi, A. Davari
Abstract The objective of this paper is to conduct the experiments for a sub-scale model of a twin-rotor helicopter’s fountain flow in the ground effect based on the pressure and thrust measurements in the hover flight. Firstly, the flow pattern, which leads to form the fountain flow and tests’ requirements, is summarized according to the non-overlapping rotors’ flow field characteristics. Then, a multipurpose test stand design is introduced. After that, the fountain flow pressure and velocity graphs are obtained. Finally, the tuft technique is used to visualize the fountain flow below the model’s body and on the ground. In addition, confirmation of the fountain flow existence hypothesis is verified by thrust measurements and its influence on the efficiency of the twin-rotor. The result indicates that in the twin-rotor configuration, ground effect improves the lift force due to the fact that the fountain flow is more than its value in the single-rotor configuration.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Impacting Flow between a Sub-Scale Twin-Rotor Configuration","authors":"A. Mehrabi, A. Davari","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2020.4933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2020.4933","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this paper is to conduct the experiments for a sub-scale model of a twin-rotor helicopter’s fountain flow in the ground effect based on the pressure and thrust measurements in the hover flight. Firstly, the flow pattern, which leads to form the fountain flow and tests’ requirements, is summarized according to the non-overlapping rotors’ flow field characteristics. Then, a multipurpose test stand design is introduced. After that, the fountain flow pressure and velocity graphs are obtained. Finally, the tuft technique is used to visualize the fountain flow below the model’s body and on the ground. In addition, confirmation of the fountain flow existence hypothesis is verified by thrust measurements and its influence on the efficiency of the twin-rotor. The result indicates that in the twin-rotor configuration, ground effect improves the lift force due to the fact that the fountain flow is more than its value in the single-rotor configuration.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"10 1","pages":"211-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45126078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2020.5201
W. Lin, K. Korniejenko, M. Hebda, M. Łach, J. Mikula
This study combined three by-products to fully replace cement as cementless blended materials without the need for an alkali activator. The feasibility of the cementless materials was assessed in terms of workability, mechanical properties, permeability, and microscopic properties. An innovation cementless blended material is consisted of desulfurized gypsum, water-quenched blast-furnace slag, and co-fired fly ash, resulting in a ternary mixture. The results were shown to perform well in terms of compressive strength, absorption, and chloride ion penetration. Scanning electron microscopic micrographs revealed that desulfurized gypsum accelerated hardening and improved the compressive strength through the formation of C-S-H and C-A-S-H gels produced by Ca(OH)2, SiO2, and Al2O3. The improvements in permeability can be attributed to the coating of gypsum particles by hydration products. Overall, our results confirm the efficacy of combining 3% gypsum, 60% slag, and 37% fly ash as the cementless composites with excellent strength and permeability.
{"title":"Engineering Properties of Ternary Cementless Blended Materials","authors":"W. Lin, K. Korniejenko, M. Hebda, M. Łach, J. Mikula","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2020.5201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2020.5201","url":null,"abstract":"This study combined three by-products to fully replace cement as cementless blended materials without the need for an alkali activator. The feasibility of the cementless materials was assessed in terms of workability, mechanical properties, permeability, and microscopic properties. An innovation cementless blended material is consisted of desulfurized gypsum, water-quenched blast-furnace slag, and co-fired fly ash, resulting in a ternary mixture. The results were shown to perform well in terms of compressive strength, absorption, and chloride ion penetration. Scanning electron microscopic micrographs revealed that desulfurized gypsum accelerated hardening and improved the compressive strength through the formation of C-S-H and C-A-S-H gels produced by Ca(OH)2, SiO2, and Al2O3. The improvements in permeability can be attributed to the coating of gypsum particles by hydration products. Overall, our results confirm the efficacy of combining 3% gypsum, 60% slag, and 37% fly ash as the cementless composites with excellent strength and permeability.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"10 1","pages":"191-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42330005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2020.5054
Ta-Cheng Chen, Sheng-Chuan Wang, Wen-Cheng Tseng
This study aims to investigate the signal transmission station location-allocation problems with the various restricted regional constraints. In each constraint, the types of signal transmission stations and the corresponding numbers and locations are to be decided at the same time. Inappropriate set up of stations is not only causing the unnecessary cost but also making the poor service quality. In this study, we proposed a hybrid evolutionary approach integrating the immune algorithm with particle swarm optimization (IAPSO) to solve this problem where each of the regions is with different maximum failure rate restrictions. We compared the performance of the proposed method with commercial optimization software LINGO® . According to the experimental results, solutions obtained by our IAPSO are better than or as well as the best solutions obtained by LINGO® . It is expected that our research can provide the telecommunication enterprise the optimal/near-optimal strategies for the setup of signal transmission stations.
{"title":"Using a Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm for Solving Signal Transmission Station Location and Allocation Problem with Different Regional Communication Quality Restriction","authors":"Ta-Cheng Chen, Sheng-Chuan Wang, Wen-Cheng Tseng","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2020.5054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2020.5054","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the signal transmission station location-allocation problems with the various restricted regional constraints. In each constraint, the types of signal transmission stations and the corresponding numbers and locations are to be decided at the same time. Inappropriate set up of stations is not only causing the unnecessary cost but also making the poor service quality. In this study, we proposed a hybrid evolutionary approach integrating the immune algorithm with particle swarm optimization (IAPSO) to solve this problem where each of the regions is with different maximum failure rate restrictions. We compared the performance of the proposed method with commercial optimization software LINGO® . According to the experimental results, solutions obtained by our IAPSO are better than or as well as the best solutions obtained by LINGO® . It is expected that our research can provide the telecommunication enterprise the optimal/near-optimal strategies for the setup of signal transmission stations.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"10 1","pages":"165-178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44997902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2020.5177
Hanhoon Park
The quality of RGB images can be degraded by poor weather or lighting conditions. Thus, to make computer vision techniques work correctly, images need to be enhanced first. This paper proposes an RGB image enhancement method for improving feature matching which is a core step in most computer vision techniques. The proposed method decomposes near-infrared (NIR) image into fine detail, medium detail, and base images by using weighted least squares filters (WLSF) and boosts the medium detail image. Then, the fine and boosted medium detail images are combined, and the combined NIR detail image replaces the luminance detail image of an RGB image. Experiments demonstrates that the proposed method can effectively enhance RGB image; hence more stable image features are extracted. In addition, the method can minimize the loss of the useful visual (or optical) information of the original RGB image that can be used for other vision tasks.
{"title":"An RGB-NIR Image Fusion Method for Improving Feature Matching","authors":"Hanhoon Park","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2020.5177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2020.5177","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of RGB images can be degraded by poor weather or lighting conditions. Thus, to make computer vision techniques work correctly, images need to be enhanced first. This paper proposes an RGB image enhancement method for improving feature matching which is a core step in most computer vision techniques. The proposed method decomposes near-infrared (NIR) image into fine detail, medium detail, and base images by using weighted least squares filters (WLSF) and boosts the medium detail image. Then, the fine and boosted medium detail images are combined, and the combined NIR detail image replaces the luminance detail image of an RGB image. Experiments demonstrates that the proposed method can effectively enhance RGB image; hence more stable image features are extracted. In addition, the method can minimize the loss of the useful visual (or optical) information of the original RGB image that can be used for other vision tasks.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49520187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2020.5327
Kihyun Kim, Sunmyeng Kim
For underwater sensor networks (USNs), cooperative communications have been introduced to improve network performance with the help of relay nodes. The previous cooperative communications select the best relay node on a hop-by-hop basis. Therefore, they have limitations in improving performance. In order to get better performance, a cooperative communication protocol based on the cross layer is proposed in this paper. The proposed protocol uses the information provided by a routing protocol at the network layer for the erroneous data packet delivery. It selects one with the minimum routing cost among relay candidate nodes. The routing protocol in the selected relay node provides the MAC layer with the address of the next hop node on the path to the sink node. Then, the MAC layer in the selected relay node forwards the erroneous data packet to the next hop node rather than a receiver node. Performance studies are carried out through simulation. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has about 21.8% lower average delay and about 14.4% lower average number of nodes passed than the previous protocol, regardless of the maximum transmission range.
{"title":"Cross Layer Based Cooperative Communication Protocol for Improving Network Performance in Underwater Sensor Networks","authors":"Kihyun Kim, Sunmyeng Kim","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2020.5327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2020.5327","url":null,"abstract":"For underwater sensor networks (USNs), cooperative communications have been introduced to improve network performance with the help of relay nodes. The previous cooperative communications select the best relay node on a hop-by-hop basis. Therefore, they have limitations in improving performance. In order to get better performance, a cooperative communication protocol based on the cross layer is proposed in this paper. The proposed protocol uses the information provided by a routing protocol at the network layer for the erroneous data packet delivery. It selects one with the minimum routing cost among relay candidate nodes. The routing protocol in the selected relay node provides the MAC layer with the address of the next hop node on the path to the sink node. Then, the MAC layer in the selected relay node forwards the erroneous data packet to the next hop node rather than a receiver node. Performance studies are carried out through simulation. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has about 21.8% lower average delay and about 14.4% lower average number of nodes passed than the previous protocol, regardless of the maximum transmission range.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"10 1","pages":"200-210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42966815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2020.5099
P. Anggoro, A. A. Anthony, M. Tauviqirrahman, Jamari, A. Bayuseno, A. Han
In this study, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) foam orthotic shoe insoles with different surface roughnesses (Ra) are investigated in terms of CNC milling strategy. Based on a hybrid Taguchi-response surface methodology (TM-RSM) approach, machining parameters, including tool path strategy, spindle speed, feed rate, and step over, as well as material hardness, are of particular interest. The main aim of this work is to develop mathematical models and determine the optimum machining parameters. Experiments are conducted on a CNC milling machine with a standard milling cutter and run under dry coolants. The optimal conditions are established based on TM and then used to determine the optimum values in the RSM modeling. The main finding of the present work is that there are significant improvements in the Ra, by up 0.24% and 4.13%, and machining time, by up 0.43% and 0.41%, obtained with TM-RSM in comparison to TM analysis.
{"title":"Machining Parameter Optimization of EVA Foam Orthotic Shoe Insoles","authors":"P. Anggoro, A. A. Anthony, M. Tauviqirrahman, Jamari, A. Bayuseno, A. Han","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2020.5099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2020.5099","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) foam orthotic shoe insoles with different surface roughnesses (Ra) are investigated in terms of CNC milling strategy. Based on a hybrid Taguchi-response surface methodology (TM-RSM) approach, machining parameters, including tool path strategy, spindle speed, feed rate, and step over, as well as material hardness, are of particular interest. The main aim of this work is to develop mathematical models and determine the optimum machining parameters. Experiments are conducted on a CNC milling machine with a standard milling cutter and run under dry coolants. The optimal conditions are established based on TM and then used to determine the optimum values in the RSM modeling. The main finding of the present work is that there are significant improvements in the Ra, by up 0.24% and 4.13%, and machining time, by up 0.43% and 0.41%, obtained with TM-RSM in comparison to TM analysis.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"10 1","pages":"179-190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47947655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2020.4350
Myungjun Jeon, Tien Thua Nguyen, Hyeong-Kyu Yoon, Hyeonjin Cho
This study proposed a procedure to identify maneuvering coefficients that brought about abnormal motions in the simulation of a submerged body. The first step in responding to abnormal motions was conducting stability analysis to determine whether the submerged body could be simulated. If doing so was feasible, sensitivity analysis was then performed to determine maneuvering coefficients that caused the abnormal motion in the simulation. Finally, we analyzed the order of maneuvering coefficients identified by the sensitivity analysis. We also compared it with empirical formulas and other results obtained from model tests. The dynamics model targeting a high-speed submerged body was indirectly verified by the above procedure. In this study, the effectiveness of the dynamic model was verified, and parameters causing the abnormal motion were identified in accordance with the developed procedure.
{"title":"A Study on Verification of the Dynamic Modeling for a Submerged Body Based on Numerical Simulation","authors":"Myungjun Jeon, Tien Thua Nguyen, Hyeong-Kyu Yoon, Hyeonjin Cho","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2020.4350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2020.4350","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposed a procedure to identify maneuvering coefficients that brought about abnormal motions in the simulation of a submerged body. The first step in responding to abnormal motions was conducting stability analysis to determine whether the submerged body could be simulated. If doing so was feasible, sensitivity analysis was then performed to determine maneuvering coefficients that caused the abnormal motion in the simulation. Finally, we analyzed the order of maneuvering coefficients identified by the sensitivity analysis. We also compared it with empirical formulas and other results obtained from model tests. The dynamics model targeting a high-speed submerged body was indirectly verified by the above procedure. In this study, the effectiveness of the dynamic model was verified, and parameters causing the abnormal motion were identified in accordance with the developed procedure.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"10 1","pages":"107-120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49593147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2020.4772
Manuel T. Tabada, M. Loretero
This paper evaluates the measurement accuracy of the three designs of an innovative Tipping-Bucket Rain Gauge (TBRG) tip mechanism. A water-level detecting circuit is used to replace the conventional reed switch sensor, which addresses the disadvantages of the magnetic sensing method that became a factor in quantification uncertainties. The TBRG configuration designs were the bucket-feed, which detects the presence of water inside the bucket, and the bottom-feed and the center-feed, which use the tip-impact method in measuring rainfall. The constant flow method is used in the experimentation. The bucket-feed shows potential in precision rainfall measurement for having -3.84% and -2.68% accuracy errors at 6 mL/min and 11 mL/min respectively, without correction algorithm applied. The tip-impact application for the bottom-feed and the center-feed resulted in a higher error percentage from the volumetric flow samples. The result indicates that actual detection in the bucket brings more measurement accuracy than the tip-counting technique.
{"title":"Innovative Configuration Design of Two-Wire Tip Mechanisms for a Tipping-Bucket Rain Gauge","authors":"Manuel T. Tabada, M. Loretero","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2020.4772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2020.4772","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates the measurement accuracy of the three designs of an innovative Tipping-Bucket Rain Gauge (TBRG) tip mechanism. A water-level detecting circuit is used to replace the conventional reed switch sensor, which addresses the disadvantages of the magnetic sensing method that became a factor in quantification uncertainties. The TBRG configuration designs were the bucket-feed, which detects the presence of water inside the bucket, and the bottom-feed and the center-feed, which use the tip-impact method in measuring rainfall. The constant flow method is used in the experimentation. The bucket-feed shows potential in precision rainfall measurement for having -3.84% and -2.68% accuracy errors at 6 mL/min and 11 mL/min respectively, without correction algorithm applied. The tip-impact application for the bottom-feed and the center-feed resulted in a higher error percentage from the volumetric flow samples. The result indicates that actual detection in the bucket brings more measurement accuracy than the tip-counting technique.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"10 1","pages":"156-164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48037376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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