Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1051/shsconf/202317802018
Eugene Chan
In the age of online social platforms, increasing interactions beyond the wildest imagination, dealing with fake news has been the most challenging. Perhaps the most visible victims of fake news today are political individuals and institutions. The delicate balance between regulation and respect of individual rights and maintenance of constitutionalism in various countries today creates a unique regulatory dilemma that allows for fake news and the use of it to continue thriving. At the same time, politicians and other institutions occupy a critical role in creating legislation towards combatting fake news. Such moves could significantly undermine the ability to observe some of the fundamental rights of individuals and the overall rule of democracy [1]. Misinformation and other cases of fake news have a relatively significant impact on societies. However, resolving fake news has proved not to be easy because of numerous issues, among them, being the need to preserve fundamental rights [2]. Desktop-based research has been conducted to achieve the objectives of this research. Critical to note that most of the information vital in completing this research is electronically availed. Hence, secondary sources of information have been utilized to reach conclusions on the existence of regulations and its effectiveness toward combating fake news in the three jurisdictions.
{"title":"Analysis of the Challenge in Fake News and Misinformation Regulation Comparative in Global Media Landscape","authors":"Eugene Chan","doi":"10.1051/shsconf/202317802018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317802018","url":null,"abstract":"In the age of online social platforms, increasing interactions beyond the wildest imagination, dealing with fake news has been the most challenging. Perhaps the most visible victims of fake news today are political individuals and institutions. The delicate balance between regulation and respect of individual rights and maintenance of constitutionalism in various countries today creates a unique regulatory dilemma that allows for fake news and the use of it to continue thriving. At the same time, politicians and other institutions occupy a critical role in creating legislation towards combatting fake news. Such moves could significantly undermine the ability to observe some of the fundamental rights of individuals and the overall rule of democracy [1]. Misinformation and other cases of fake news have a relatively significant impact on societies. However, resolving fake news has proved not to be easy because of numerous issues, among them, being the need to preserve fundamental rights [2]. Desktop-based research has been conducted to achieve the objectives of this research. Critical to note that most of the information vital in completing this research is electronically availed. Hence, secondary sources of information have been utilized to reach conclusions on the existence of regulations and its effectiveness toward combating fake news in the three jurisdictions.","PeriodicalId":438466,"journal":{"name":"SHS Web of Conferences","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135107541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1051/shsconf/202317702002
Carmen Moldovan
Constant evolution of communication technology and expansion of Cyberspace has had a pervasive effect on all areas of human life, activities and interactions, that law unsuccessfully tried to regulate. Cyberspace was for a long period of time considered uncharted territory, an unlimited and open space outside the control of States and the limits on the admissible or accepted conduct of states and other stakeholders were blurred. In this context, the most important challenge and pressing need is to identify normative guidelines applicable in this environment considering its specific features (being unlimited, world-wide availability, anonymity). The aim of the paper is to challenge the elements of the so-called normative equivalence that was developed by several international bodies first in relation with human rights safeguards and extended as generally applicable with some special approaches at the level of the European Union (protection of personal data, strategy on cybersecurity) which will not be addressed.
{"title":"On the normative equivalence paradigm in cyberspace","authors":"Carmen Moldovan","doi":"10.1051/shsconf/202317702002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317702002","url":null,"abstract":"Constant evolution of communication technology and expansion of Cyberspace has had a pervasive effect on all areas of human life, activities and interactions, that law unsuccessfully tried to regulate. Cyberspace was for a long period of time considered uncharted territory, an unlimited and open space outside the control of States and the limits on the admissible or accepted conduct of states and other stakeholders were blurred. In this context, the most important challenge and pressing need is to identify normative guidelines applicable in this environment considering its specific features (being unlimited, world-wide availability, anonymity). The aim of the paper is to challenge the elements of the so-called normative equivalence that was developed by several international bodies first in relation with human rights safeguards and extended as generally applicable with some special approaches at the level of the European Union (protection of personal data, strategy on cybersecurity) which will not be addressed.","PeriodicalId":438466,"journal":{"name":"SHS Web of Conferences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135649057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1051/shsconf/202317801009
Longtai Zhang, Mingqing Zhang
This research focuses on democratization and consolidation in Central and Eastern Europe, specifically examining the Visegrad Group (Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic) after the Cold War and EU Eastern Enlargement. Using different democratization and European Integration theories, it explores the factors influencing democratization, consolidation, and stability in this region. This study analyzes the transition from communism to democracy, the impact of European Integration on democratization, and the role of civil society organizations in promoting democratic values. It acknowledges the challenges posed by populism and illiberalism and suggests practical policy solutions to strengthen democratic values and stability in Central and Eastern Europe.
{"title":"Democratization Prospects and Challenges in Central and Eastern Europe after the Cold War: A Focus on the Visegrad Group in the Context of European Integration","authors":"Longtai Zhang, Mingqing Zhang","doi":"10.1051/shsconf/202317801009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317801009","url":null,"abstract":"This research focuses on democratization and consolidation in Central and Eastern Europe, specifically examining the Visegrad Group (Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic) after the Cold War and EU Eastern Enlargement. Using different democratization and European Integration theories, it explores the factors influencing democratization, consolidation, and stability in this region. This study analyzes the transition from communism to democracy, the impact of European Integration on democratization, and the role of civil society organizations in promoting democratic values. It acknowledges the challenges posed by populism and illiberalism and suggests practical policy solutions to strengthen democratic values and stability in Central and Eastern Europe.","PeriodicalId":438466,"journal":{"name":"SHS Web of Conferences","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135104864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1051/shsconf/202317802016
Ganlin Zhuang
This text aims to reexamine the role of ethos in persuasion through a comparative analysis of the viewpoints of the great classical rhetoricians Aristotle, Cicero, and Quintilian. By comparing these viewpoints, it seeks to demonstrate their similarities and differences. The study reveals that Aristotle emphasizes the moral aspect of character, Cicero focuses on the artistry of rhetorical techniques, and Quintilian places greater importance on adapting to the practical context of the audience. The perspectives of Aristotle, Cicero, and Quintilian provide us with profound insights that contribute to a reconsideration of the role of ethos in persuasion.
{"title":"Rethinking Ethos: A Comparative Analysis of Persuasive Character Building in Classical Antiquity through the Lenses of Aristotle, Cicero, and Quintilian","authors":"Ganlin Zhuang","doi":"10.1051/shsconf/202317802016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317802016","url":null,"abstract":"This text aims to reexamine the role of ethos in persuasion through a comparative analysis of the viewpoints of the great classical rhetoricians Aristotle, Cicero, and Quintilian. By comparing these viewpoints, it seeks to demonstrate their similarities and differences. The study reveals that Aristotle emphasizes the moral aspect of character, Cicero focuses on the artistry of rhetorical techniques, and Quintilian places greater importance on adapting to the practical context of the audience. The perspectives of Aristotle, Cicero, and Quintilian provide us with profound insights that contribute to a reconsideration of the role of ethos in persuasion.","PeriodicalId":438466,"journal":{"name":"SHS Web of Conferences","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135105037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1051/shsconf/202317802002
Yuxin Li
The conversion rate is important measurable data as a metric of the effectiveness of advertising. The higher the conversion rate is, the more people who saw the advertising would take action. Many factors could affect the advertising conversion rate. In this paper, we aimed to find whether the format (video and poster) of advertising presentations impacts the advertising conversion rates among college students. The researcher designed an online survey that was distributed to college students, and respondents were asked to evaluate eight products’ ads with both video and poster types. In addition we investigated five potential factors, including the level of impact social media has on advertising, gender, preferences of activities, time spent on different advertising channels, and time from viewing the ads before buying products, that would influence people’s conversion rates. The results suggested that the conversion rates between video and poster are different ( p<0.05). However, all five elements had no correlations with the conversion rate.
{"title":"Influence of different types of advertising on the advertising conversion rate in college students","authors":"Yuxin Li","doi":"10.1051/shsconf/202317802002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317802002","url":null,"abstract":"The conversion rate is important measurable data as a metric of the effectiveness of advertising. The higher the conversion rate is, the more people who saw the advertising would take action. Many factors could affect the advertising conversion rate. In this paper, we aimed to find whether the format (video and poster) of advertising presentations impacts the advertising conversion rates among college students. The researcher designed an online survey that was distributed to college students, and respondents were asked to evaluate eight products’ ads with both video and poster types. In addition we investigated five potential factors, including the level of impact social media has on advertising, gender, preferences of activities, time spent on different advertising channels, and time from viewing the ads before buying products, that would influence people’s conversion rates. The results suggested that the conversion rates between video and poster are different ( p<0.05). However, all five elements had no correlations with the conversion rate.","PeriodicalId":438466,"journal":{"name":"SHS Web of Conferences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135105419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1051/shsconf/202317803017
Song Zhou, Nanyun Xiao
In the period of rapid development of the knowledge economy, human capital plays a very prominent role in technology-based enterprises. Technological enterprises have characteristics such as high R&D investment, intensive technological talent, and significant impact of human capital on their competitiveness. Employee stock ownership plans can stimulate innovation vitality and improve innovation efficiency. The research on employee stock ownership in technology-based enterprises is still a relatively new field, and there are still some challenges. Employee stock ownership in technology-based enterprises is an incentive mechanism that can effectively improve corporate performance. This article elaborates on the characteristics of employee stock ownership plans, analyzes the process of their impact on corporate performance, and proposes countermeasures and suggestions. Employee shareholding in technology-based enterprises is not a panacea for all problems, and its successful implementation requires specific design and adjustment based on the company’s own situation. In addition, the implementation of employee stock ownership plans may also face some challenges, such as equity allocation, liquidity management, etc., which require rational allocation of resources and handling of interest relationships.
{"title":"Research on the Path of Improving Enterprise Performance through Employee Stock Ownership Plan in Technological Enterprises","authors":"Song Zhou, Nanyun Xiao","doi":"10.1051/shsconf/202317803017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317803017","url":null,"abstract":"In the period of rapid development of the knowledge economy, human capital plays a very prominent role in technology-based enterprises. Technological enterprises have characteristics such as high R&D investment, intensive technological talent, and significant impact of human capital on their competitiveness. Employee stock ownership plans can stimulate innovation vitality and improve innovation efficiency. The research on employee stock ownership in technology-based enterprises is still a relatively new field, and there are still some challenges. Employee stock ownership in technology-based enterprises is an incentive mechanism that can effectively improve corporate performance. This article elaborates on the characteristics of employee stock ownership plans, analyzes the process of their impact on corporate performance, and proposes countermeasures and suggestions. Employee shareholding in technology-based enterprises is not a panacea for all problems, and its successful implementation requires specific design and adjustment based on the company’s own situation. In addition, the implementation of employee stock ownership plans may also face some challenges, such as equity allocation, liquidity management, etc., which require rational allocation of resources and handling of interest relationships.","PeriodicalId":438466,"journal":{"name":"SHS Web of Conferences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135106284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1051/shsconf/202317803010
Xupeng Yang
Reverse payment settlement agreement is a type of arrangement between original and generic drug manufacturers that could potentially violate Antitrust Laws by limiting competition, typically appear in the pharmaceutical market. This paper addresses the impact of these agreements on public interests, and the challenges in conducting antitrust review on these agreements. This paper then proposes a comprehensive framework for regulating reverse payment agreements in the context of China’s extensive and complex pharmaceutical market by drawing on the experiences of the United States and the European Union. The framework introduces a two-step antitrust review system for regulating patent settlement agreements, which is suggested by the author to be applied in both patent litigation and daily detection. This paper also advocates establishing an agreement filing system and utilizing the antitrust public interest litigation system in antitrust regulation. This proposed framework provides specific guidance on initiation of antitrust review with respect to multiple backgrounds, in order to protect consumer interests in affordable healthcare, deter anti-competitive behavior, and contribute to the theoretical basis for future legislation.
{"title":"Regulating Reverse Payment Agreements in Pharmaceutical Market: A Comprehensive Framework for Antitrust Review","authors":"Xupeng Yang","doi":"10.1051/shsconf/202317803010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317803010","url":null,"abstract":"Reverse payment settlement agreement is a type of arrangement between original and generic drug manufacturers that could potentially violate Antitrust Laws by limiting competition, typically appear in the pharmaceutical market. This paper addresses the impact of these agreements on public interests, and the challenges in conducting antitrust review on these agreements. This paper then proposes a comprehensive framework for regulating reverse payment agreements in the context of China’s extensive and complex pharmaceutical market by drawing on the experiences of the United States and the European Union. The framework introduces a two-step antitrust review system for regulating patent settlement agreements, which is suggested by the author to be applied in both patent litigation and daily detection. This paper also advocates establishing an agreement filing system and utilizing the antitrust public interest litigation system in antitrust regulation. This proposed framework provides specific guidance on initiation of antitrust review with respect to multiple backgrounds, in order to protect consumer interests in affordable healthcare, deter anti-competitive behavior, and contribute to the theoretical basis for future legislation.","PeriodicalId":438466,"journal":{"name":"SHS Web of Conferences","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135106494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1051/shsconf/202317803004
Han Li
Public participation usually acting as an important role in urban planning of developing countries. In the process of developing, the government need to build new cities and fix the old areas. However, questions must come with the revolution. Citizens want a new, clean, and orderly city to live that has a safe community with some culture characteristic. During this process, citizens would use the tools to make their requirements to the government. This paper will analyze two examples in China of people trying to make demands on local government. The research question is how do social movements differ from the third-party institutions in the public participation of urban planning.
{"title":"Public Participation in China Urban Planning Development","authors":"Han Li","doi":"10.1051/shsconf/202317803004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317803004","url":null,"abstract":"Public participation usually acting as an important role in urban planning of developing countries. In the process of developing, the government need to build new cities and fix the old areas. However, questions must come with the revolution. Citizens want a new, clean, and orderly city to live that has a safe community with some culture characteristic. During this process, citizens would use the tools to make their requirements to the government. This paper will analyze two examples in China of people trying to make demands on local government. The research question is how do social movements differ from the third-party institutions in the public participation of urban planning.","PeriodicalId":438466,"journal":{"name":"SHS Web of Conferences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135107329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1051/shsconf/202317803008
Ruolin Liao
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) uses the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules as parent rules. Yet proble ms exist in the interpretation and application of intellectual property terms, which can easily cause controversy. The protection rules of the geographical indications (GI) are used as a magic weapon to promote Chinese high-quality agriculturalproducts to the world. But due to the left and right swaying of the legislators, they are chaotic and thus need to be improved urgently. In this case, China’s GI protection should focus on disputed solutions, balancing legislators’ initiatives and autonomy generated by geographical indication, and solving the historical problems of many departments overlapping management.
{"title":"Applications and Responses to RCEP Rules on Geographical Indications Protection in China","authors":"Ruolin Liao","doi":"10.1051/shsconf/202317803008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317803008","url":null,"abstract":"Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) uses the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules as parent rules. Yet proble ms exist in the interpretation and application of intellectual property terms, which can easily cause controversy. The protection rules of the geographical indications (GI) are used as a magic weapon to promote Chinese high-quality agriculturalproducts to the world. But due to the left and right swaying of the legislators, they are chaotic and thus need to be improved urgently. In this case, China’s GI protection should focus on disputed solutions, balancing legislators’ initiatives and autonomy generated by geographical indication, and solving the historical problems of many departments overlapping management.","PeriodicalId":438466,"journal":{"name":"SHS Web of Conferences","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135107745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1051/shsconf/202317702001
Carmen Tamara Ungureanu, Çtefan Răzvan Tataru
Reverse engineering is the process of extracting secret information (trade secrets) by analysing an existing product. To determine whether reverse engineering falls within the limits of legality, the paper explores first the trade secrets (their meaning and forms, their regulation and legal protection). Then, the reverse engineering is brought under scrutiny, pointing out its main issues that of what reverse engineering consists of, what are the conditions that should be met in order to be considered legal, where it could be applied. The paper highlights the usefulness of reverse engineering in the traditional industry, software industry and as well as in the digital twins technology. In this endeavour, beyond the consulted legal literature, European and American caselaw is examined. Finally, the means of protection that trade secrets right holders have at their disposal against reverse engineering are revealed.
{"title":"The legality of reverse engineering or how to legally decipher trade secrets","authors":"Carmen Tamara Ungureanu, Çtefan Răzvan Tataru","doi":"10.1051/shsconf/202317702001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317702001","url":null,"abstract":"Reverse engineering is the process of extracting secret information (trade secrets) by analysing an existing product. To determine whether reverse engineering falls within the limits of legality, the paper explores first the trade secrets (their meaning and forms, their regulation and legal protection). Then, the reverse engineering is brought under scrutiny, pointing out its main issues that of what reverse engineering consists of, what are the conditions that should be met in order to be considered legal, where it could be applied. The paper highlights the usefulness of reverse engineering in the traditional industry, software industry and as well as in the digital twins technology. In this endeavour, beyond the consulted legal literature, European and American caselaw is examined. Finally, the means of protection that trade secrets right holders have at their disposal against reverse engineering are revealed.","PeriodicalId":438466,"journal":{"name":"SHS Web of Conferences","volume":"151 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135649066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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