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Book Review: Niamh Gallagher: Ireland and the Great War: A Social and Political History 书评:Niamh Gallagher:爱尔兰与一战:一部社会政治史
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00472441221136736a
Elaine Callinan
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Patrick Wright: The Sea View Has Me Again: Uwe Johnson in Sheerness 书评:帕特里克·赖特:《再次拥有我的海景:厄韦·约翰逊在希尔内斯》
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00472441221136736d
G. Bond
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Paul Julian Smith: Reimagining History in Contemporary Spanish Media: Theater, Cinema, Television, Streaming 书评:保罗·朱利安·史密斯:在当代西班牙媒体重新想象历史:戏剧,电影,电视,流媒体
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00472441221136736g
Fiona Noble
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Alberto Bertozzi: Plotinus on Love: An Introduction to his Metaphysics through the Concept of Eros 书评:阿尔贝托·贝托齐:《论爱的普罗提诺:通过爱神的概念介绍他的形而上学》
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00472441221136736b
P. Bishop
nationalists in Ireland. In Canada and Australia, Catholic clerics exerted a strong influence resulting in strong allegiances to Ireland alongside a loyalty to their dominion of residence. There is a wealth of numerical evidence on diaspora recruitment and an analysis of how Ireland featured in propaganda to entice potential recruits. The emphasis then shifts to combine the national with the international through a case study of the IrishCanadian Rangers founded by Fr McShane of Montreal. The only comment here is that I am not sure this chapter is situated correctly in the book as Chapter 6 returns to the domestic front. Chapter 6 explores popular reactions to departing troops, familial and fraternal support, and educational support for Catholic servicemen, at least until the large death tolls from the Gallipoli campaign. An examination of reaction at home and abroad to the passage of the third Home Rule bill, particularly among the clergy, opens the question of similar support for the IPP’s position on the war effort. The author points out that ‘public opinion towards recruitment was highly complex’ (p. 142) and some interesting analysis on attendance at recruitment meetings is provided. The book culminates in an exploration of what happened after the Armistice of 1918 to look at the notion of ‘amnesia’. It also offers some evaluation of the ‘place of the Great War’ in the later twentieth and twenty-first centuries. This book covers many topics, and the research certainly brings some new opinions and evidence about Ireland’s war effort. Voice is given to ‘ordinary’ people rather than military and political elites, and this adds value to the history of the period. The research throws light on the conflicting atmosphere among Irish people of all denominations and highlights the nuances within Irish society to the war effort both before and after the Easter Rising. By situating Ireland’s response within the transnational and international this study of the Irish Catholic war experience builds on the work of other scholars of the Great War. A wide range of secondary and primary source evidence was used, such as newspapers, educational publications, private papers, personal diaries, war journals and letters, reports and maps, memoirs and autobiographical accounts and nationalist witness statements from the Bureau of Military History Archives. This book will be of particular interest to scholars, students and history enthusiasts of the Great War in Ireland, Europe and especially among the wider global diaspora communities.
爱尔兰的民族主义者。在加拿大和澳大利亚,天主教神职人员发挥了强大的影响力,对爱尔兰产生了强烈的忠诚,同时也忠于他们的居住地。有大量关于海外侨民招募的数字证据,并分析了爱尔兰如何在宣传中吸引潜在的招募者。然后,通过对蒙特利尔的麦克肖恩神父创建的爱尔兰加拿大流浪者队的案例研究,重点转移到将国家队与国际队结合起来。这里唯一的评论是,我不确定这一章在书中的位置是否正确,因为第六章回到了国内。第6章探讨了民众对离开军队的反应、家庭和兄弟会的支持,以及对天主教军人的教育支持,至少在加里波利战役造成大量死亡之前是如此。考察国内外对第三项自治法案通过的反应,特别是神职人员的反应,就可以发现对独立党在战争努力中的立场是否有类似的支持。作者指出,“公众对招聘的看法非常复杂”(第142页),并对参加招聘会议的情况进行了一些有趣的分析。这本书的高潮是对1918年停战后发生的事情的探索,以探讨“健忘症”的概念。它还对二十世纪末和二十一世纪的“大战地点”进行了一些评价。这本书涵盖了许多主题,研究无疑为爱尔兰的战争努力带来了一些新的观点和证据。声音被赋予了“普通人”,而不是军事和政治精英,这为这一时期的历史增添了价值。这项研究揭示了所有教派的爱尔兰人之间的冲突气氛,并强调了爱尔兰社会内部对复活节起义前后战争努力的细微差别。通过将爱尔兰的反应置于跨国和国际范围内,这项关于爱尔兰天主教战争经验的研究建立在其他二战学者的工作基础上。使用了广泛的次要和主要来源证据,如报纸、教育出版物、私人文件、个人日记、战争期刊和信件、报告和地图、回忆录和自传以及军事历史档案局的民族主义证人证词。这本书将引起爱尔兰、欧洲的学者、学生和历史爱好者的特别兴趣,尤其是在更广泛的全球侨民社区中。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Franziska Exeler: Ghosts of War: Nazi Occupation and its Aftermath in Soviet Belarus 书评:Franziska Exeler:《战争的幽灵:纳粹占领及其在苏联白俄罗斯的后果》
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00472441221136736f
Jeremy Black
nation-wide network of patriotic exhibitions and theme parks collectively called ‘Russia. My History’. A travesty of Russia’s genuine past, these lavish installations seek – with jaw-dropping popular success – to inculcate a cult of the glories of the country’s magnificent evolution – military, territorial, political, cultural, and religious – perniciously marginalizing or ignoring any negative features and instilling a frenzy of popular patriotic fervour in unquestioning exaltation of the collaborative achievements of the Russian people, the Russian Church, and the Russian state. One original supporter, now critic, of this grotesque enterprise, Pavel Kuzenkov, described it as ‘a striking example of history used in lieu of political propaganda’ (p. 66). Or, as the author succinctly puts it, under the regime of Vladimir Putin: ‘History is politics in Russia’ (p. 255). In his book, based on his 2018 doctoral thesis, James Pearce demonstrates how this situation is utilized as the basis of the teaching of history throughout the Russian education system from kindergarten to high school. It is worth remembering that everyone in Russia under the age of 22 has grown up in the Putin era, and therefore have no knowledge of the history of their own country other than that taught to them by the peddlers of the ‘Authorized Version’. This version may not exactly be written down in stone, but it is certainly etched indelibly into their own consciousness. There is simply no textbook or forum from which it is possible to mount a critical challenge to the official orthodoxy – which would in any case be likely to be illegal. Unfortunately, or unavoidably, there is – given the books’ respective titles – a good deal of subject matter and evidential overlap. The same emphases, arguments and examples are present in both volumes, and both come to inevitably similar conclusions. They are: that under Putin, reasserting control over Russia’s past is seen as an essential weapon in the struggle to create a patriotic-minded, right-thinking, quintessentially Russophile, nationalistic and culturally homogeneous society. One of the distinguishing features of Pearce’s book is his analysis – based on personal interviews and questionnaires – of the way in which both qualified, experienced teachers and young trainee teachers of history view their role, their tasks, and their objectives in tutoring a new generation of Russian citizens who will, after all, shape their country’s future. These people will, in the very nature of things, outlive Putin and Putinism, and who can foresee what new contours may then emerge on the landscape of Russian historiography or ‘historymaking’? As the Leningrad (now St Petersburg!) writer, Tatyana Tolstaya, has put it: ‘Russia is a country whose past is impossible to predict’.
全国性的爱国主义展览网络和主题公园统称为“俄罗斯”。我的历史”。这些奢华的装置是对俄罗斯真实过去的一种嘲弄,以令人瞠目的大众成功为目的,向人们灌输一种对俄罗斯辉煌演变的崇拜——军事、领土、政治、文化和宗教——恶意地边缘化或忽视任何负面特征,并灌输一种狂热的大众爱国热情,对俄罗斯人民、俄罗斯教会和俄罗斯国家的合作成就进行毫无疑问的颂扬。帕维尔·库岑科夫(Pavel Kuzenkov)是这一怪诞事业的最初支持者,现在则是批评者,他将其描述为“用历史代替政治宣传的一个引人注目的例子”(第66页)。或者,正如作者简洁地指出的那样,在弗拉基米尔•普京(Vladimir Putin)的统治下:“俄罗斯的历史就是政治”(第255页)。在他的书中,基于他2018年的博士论文,詹姆斯·皮尔斯展示了这种情况是如何被利用为整个俄罗斯教育系统从幼儿园到高中的历史教学的基础。值得记住的是,在俄罗斯,22岁以下的人都是在普京时代长大的,因此除了兜售“授权版本”的小贩教给他们的之外,他们对自己国家的历史一无所知。这个版本可能不会确切地刻在石头上,但它肯定是不可磨灭地蚀刻在他们自己的意识中。根本没有教科书或论坛可以对官方的正统观念提出关键挑战——无论如何,这很可能是非法的。不幸的是,或者不可避免的是,考虑到这两本书各自的书名,它们的主题和证据都有很大的重叠。同样的重点、论点和例子出现在两卷书中,两者都不可避免地得出类似的结论。它们是:在普京的领导下,重申对俄罗斯过去的控制被视为一种重要的武器,以努力创建一个具有爱国意识、思维正确、典型亲俄、民族主义和文化同质的社会。皮尔斯这本书的一个显著特点是,他基于个人访谈和问卷调查,分析了合格的、经验丰富的历史教师和年轻的见习历史教师如何看待他们在指导新一代俄罗斯公民方面的角色、任务和目标,毕竟,这些人将塑造他们国家的未来。从本质上讲,这些人会比普京和普京主义活得更久,谁能预见俄罗斯史学或“历史创造”领域会出现什么样的新轮廓呢?正如列宁格勒(现在是圣彼得堡!)作家Tatyana Tolstaya所说:“俄罗斯是一个无法预测其过去的国家。”
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: James C. Pearce: The Use of History in Putin’s Russia and Anton Weiss-Wendt: Putin’s Russia and the Falsification of History: Reasserting Control of the Past 书评:詹姆斯·c·皮尔斯:《在普京的俄罗斯使用历史》和安东·韦斯-温特:《普京的俄罗斯和历史的伪造:重新确立对过去的控制》
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00472441221136736e
Alan B. Wood
major novel Jahrestage. Aus dem Leben von Gesine Cresspahl in 1983 (newly translated by Damien Searls as Anniversaries. From a Year in the Life of Gesine Cresspahl, 2018). Three volumes had already been published and the fourth was well in progress when Johnson left Berlin, but Wright does not reflect on Johnson’s nearly 10-year struggle to complete it, nor particularly on its significance as a major work of twentieth-century European literature. Otherwise, Johnson’s two most important works during his Sheerness years were his 1979 Frankfurt poetics lectures, published as Begleitumstände (Attendant Circumstances) in 1980, and the novella Skizze eines Verunglückten (Sketch of An Accident Victim) of 1981. Wright does not discuss the former in any depth, even though it is as close as Johnson got to an autobiography and offers plenty of material that might help understand his move to England. Wright uses the latter only as a comment on the break-up of Johnson’s marriage that took place during his Sheerness years, which it certainly can be seen to be, but to which it should not be reduced. It may be the case that there simply is not enough to say about Johnson himself in Sheerness that makes the tale worth telling as a story in its own right, whereas there would be value in a study of his years in Sheerness that addresses and assesses his literary production there and that also weaves in the author’s own origins and life before Sheerness, while taking a far more selective approach to Sheerness local history. A volume of Inselgeschichten (Island Stories, 1985) was published from Johnson’s literary estate, containing largely unfinished texts, mostly from Johnson’s letters, and only three short texts that Johnson published in his own lifetime. His essay ‘Ein unergründliches Schiff’ (published in English as ‘An Unfathomable Ship’ in 1983, translated by Lawrence Wilson) on the Richard Montgomery, a US ammunitions ship that was wrecked in 1944 and lies in view of Sheerness, stands out as the only text of substance based on the town of Sheerness that he wrote. Johnson’s research on the wreck evokes a sense of place in the present while salvaging the history that lies submerged, spinning a tale from contemporary Sheerness to the Second World War and its consequences. It condenses the ‘sea view’ that he himself ‘had’ in Sheerness down to a bigger story worth telling. Here we see Johnson not as ‘Charlie’ in Sheerness, but as the major European intellectual that he undoubtedly was.
主要的小说。1983年出版的ausdem lebenvon Gesine Cresspahl(达米安·塞尔斯新译为《周年纪念》)。摘自《Gesine Cresspahl的一年》,2018)。当时已经出版了三卷,约翰逊离开柏林时,第四卷正在进行中,但赖特并没有反思约翰逊近十年来为完成这本书所做的努力,也没有特别提到它作为20世纪欧洲文学的一部重要作品的意义。除此之外,约翰逊在他的Sheerness期间最重要的两部作品是1979年他在法兰克福的诗学讲座,1980年出版为Begleitumstände(附属情况),以及1981年的中篇小说Skizze eines verungl ckten(意外受害者的素描)。赖特没有深入讨论前者,尽管这本书接近约翰逊的自传,并提供了大量可能有助于理解他移居英国的材料。赖特使用后者只是为了评论约翰逊在他的Sheerness期间婚姻的破裂,这当然可以被看作是,但不应该被简化。也许约翰逊本人在希尔内斯的经历不足以让这个故事本身成为一个值得讲述的故事,然而,研究他在希尔内斯的岁月是有价值的,它涉及和评估了他在那里的文学作品,也编织了作者在希尔内斯之前的出身和生活,同时对希尔内斯的地方历史采取了更有选择性的方法。约翰逊的文学遗产出版了一卷《岛屿故事》(Inselgeschichten, 1985),其中大部分是未完成的文本,主要来自约翰逊的信件,只有三篇约翰逊生前出版的短文。他的文章《Ein unergrnndliches Schiff》(1983年由劳伦斯·威尔逊翻译,英文名为《一艘深不可测的船》)是关于1944年失事的美国弹药船理查德·蒙哥马利号的,这是他写的唯一一篇以希尔内斯镇为基础的文章。约翰逊对沉船的研究唤起了一种当下的地方感,同时挽救了被淹没的历史,编织了一个从当代希尔内斯到第二次世界大战及其后果的故事。它把他自己在希尔内斯的“海景”浓缩成了一个更大的故事。在这里,我们看到的约翰逊不是希尔内斯的“查理”,而是毫无疑问的欧洲主要知识分子。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Hannah Smith: Armies and Political Change in Britain, 1660–1750 书评:汉娜·史密斯:《英国的军队与政治变革》,1660–1750
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00472441221136736
Jeremy Black
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引用次数: 0
Conceptualising Europe from the far right: The mobilisation of intellectual heritage in Germany 从极右翼构想欧洲:德国知识遗产的动员
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-10-16 DOI: 10.1177/00472441221115564
Sabine Volk
Against the backdrop of multiple European crises and the end of the ‘liberal consensus’ on European integration, this article explores the increasing politicisation of ‘Europe’ by the populist far right. As a case study, it focuses on how key far-right actors in Germany deploy a term from the country’s intellectual history, namely the notion of the Abendland (‘Occident’), to construct ‘Europe’ and ‘European civilisation’ according to an exclusionary and populist political agenda. Drawing from the toolboxes of conceptual history and ethnography, the interpretive analysis traces the long-term semiotic shifts of the concepts of Abendland and ‘Europe’ in the context of post-war democratisation, European integration and social liberalisation. Applying a rhetorical lens to original empirical material, the article explains how contemporary far-right players strategically ‘redescribe’ the Abendland to mobilise it in the struggle over the meaning of ‘Europe’.
在多重欧洲危机和欧洲一体化“自由主义共识”终结的背景下,本文探讨了民粹主义极右翼对“欧洲”日益政治化的问题。作为一个案例研究,它关注的是德国的关键极右翼行为者如何利用该国知识史上的一个术语,即“西方”概念,根据排外和民粹主义的政治议程来构建“欧洲”和“欧洲文明”。从概念史和民族志的工具箱中,解释性分析追溯了在战后民主化、欧洲一体化和社会自由化的背景下,Abendland和“欧洲”概念的长期符号学转变。文章将修辞视角应用于原始经验材料,解释了当代极右翼参与者如何在战略上“重新定义”阿本德兰,以在争夺“欧洲”意义的斗争中动员它。
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引用次数: 1
Dialogue in and as European heritage 作为欧洲遗产的对话
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.1177/00472441221115568
Viktorija L. A. Čeginskas, Sigrid Kaasik-Krogerus
In this article, we scrutinize the use and institutionalization of the concept of ‘dialogue’ in the cultural politics of the European Union. Our focus is on how dialogue is understood in the context of the European Union’s flagship heritage action, the European Heritage Label, that aims to strengthen citizens’ sense of belonging to the Union. Since heritage has gained increasing prominence in the European Union international relations, we also discuss how ‘dialogue’ is institutionalized in the European Heritage Label as part of the European Union’s heritage diplomacy. We approach dialogue in the context of the European Heritage Label as a floating signifier; an ideal seldom explicitly defined and never fully achieved but actively used to organize society and power relations. The empirical data consist of official European Heritage Label reports and interviews conducted with European Union officials and members of the European Heritage Label panel in charge of the selection and awarding of European Heritage Label sites.
在这篇文章中,我们仔细研究了“对话”概念在欧盟文化政治中的使用和制度化。我们的重点是如何在欧盟旗舰遗产行动“欧洲遗产标签”的背景下理解对话,该行动旨在加强公民对欧盟的归属感。由于遗产在欧盟国际关系中日益突出,我们还讨论了“对话”如何在欧洲遗产标签中制度化,作为欧盟遗产外交的一部分。我们将欧洲遗产标签作为一个浮动的能指来处理对话;一种很少明确定义也从未完全实现的理想,但被积极用于组织社会和权力关系。经验数据包括官方的欧洲遗产标签报告以及对欧盟官员和负责欧洲遗产标签遗址选择和授予的欧洲遗产标志小组成员的采访。
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引用次数: 4
‘What I shall miss’: European heritage in Tom Lanoye’s Fortress Europe (2005) “我将怀念的”:Tom Lanoye的《欧洲堡垒》(2005)中的欧洲遗产
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-10-05 DOI: 10.1177/00472441221115858
Astrid Van Weyenberg, Didi Spaans
Tom Lanoye’s ‘theatre novella’ Fort Europa: Hooglied van Versplintering (Fortress Europe: A Canticle of Fragmentation) (2005) features a range of characters who probe Europe’s possible future by turning to its past. The Eurocentric heritage narratives on which they draw perpetuate an idea of Europe as a civilization founded on Christianity and on the Enlightenment and racially defined as White. The way in which Lanoye stages these conservative narratives and the way in which he employs irony, however, invites critical reflection, thus calling for a postcolonial perspective on Europe and on European heritage. We approach Fortress Europe as a literary text that reflects on and intervenes in dominant heritage discourses. Through close reading, we investigate how this work stages and engages with European heritage and how it thereby explores specific ideas about European culture and identity. Our focus is on the literary means by which Lanoye reflects on the place of heritage in narratives of Europe.
Tom Lanoye的“戏剧中篇小说”《欧洲堡垒:破碎之歌》(2005)以一系列人物为特色,他们通过回顾欧洲的过去来探索欧洲可能的未来。他们所借鉴的以欧洲为中心的遗产叙事延续了一种观念,即欧洲是一个建立在基督教和启蒙运动基础上的文明,在种族上被定义为白人。然而,Lanoye运用这些保守叙事的方式和他运用讽刺的方式,引发了批判性的反思,从而呼吁对欧洲和欧洲遗产的后殖民观点。我们接近堡垒欧洲作为文学文本,反映和干预主导遗产话语。通过仔细阅读,我们研究了这项工作是如何与欧洲遗产相结合的,以及它如何由此探索有关欧洲文化和身份的具体想法。我们的重点是拉诺耶通过文学手段反思遗产在欧洲叙事中的地位。
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引用次数: 0
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JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES
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