Trends in Analytical Chemistry最新文献

Sample preparation plays a pivotal role in chemical analysis, serving to isolate target analytes from diverse matrices and enhance measurement selectivity and sensitivity. This review examines microextraction's eco-friendliness versus tradition, focusing on LPME and EME systems for acidic compounds. Different solid supports (polymeric and gel membranes) implemented in different configurations are evaluated. These innovative techniques reduce the consumption of chemicals and offer enhanced environmental safety. To determine the greenness of these techniques, we employ three widely recognized metrics: Analytical Eco-Scale, Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), and Analytical GREEnness (AGREE). Our comparative analysis provides insights into the strengths and weaknesses of these metrics and offers a holistic perspective on the greenness of microextraction techniques. This review contributes to the ongoing efforts in Green Analytical Chemistry by facilitating the selection of environmentally benign sample preparation methods, thus promoting sustainable laboratory practices, and minimizing adverse environmental impacts.

Metal-organic framework nanosheets (MONs) represent a significant advancement in the separation and pre-concentration process. MONs are an emerging class of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials exhibiting extra large surface area, tunable porosity, and diverse functionality making them ideal candidate for a wide range of applications in separation sciences. MONs play a crucial role in the development of several technologies that tackle the climate emergency, such as CO₂ collection, hydrogen generation, purification of contaminated water, and separation and pre-concentration processes, outperforming traditional materials. Their extraordinary capability to capture and pre-concentrate targeted analytes from complex matrices has paved the way for highly efficient and sensitive analytical methods. This review focuses on recent development in MON-based materials and emphasizing their role in improving separation processes.

This review covers the overview of MONs and highlighting their applications in the separation and pre-concentration process of organic and inorganic analytes. Furthermore, the challenges and future directions in the practical implementation of the MONs are addressed. By describing a comprehensive overview of the current scenario of MON's research. This review highlights the impact of MONs on separation and pre-concentration methods, setting the stage for future innovations in analytical chemistry.

Development of food detection strategies provides chances for the determination of contaminants in foodstuffs. Optical detection approaches which are based on light generation brought several advantages compared other applied strategies with higher sensitivity, selectivity, and rapidness properties. Among different reports, DNA-based biosensing platforms have been applied dramatically due to their variability and flexibility nature of DNA shapes and structures. DNA structures have been applied in both label-free and labeled forms in optical biosensors. In the present review, some of the marked optical detection investigations in recent years are discussed for detection of foodborne contaminants with emphasis on DNA's role in their construction. First, applied DNA-integrated nanostructures in biosensors that impact the recent advancement are briefly described. Then, among the major classified food contaminants, the most important optical approaches based on DNA-integrated nanostructures have been presented for target analytes. Finally, the outlook and perspectives of optical biosensing approaches are considered.

Micro (nano)plastic pollution has emerged as a significant environmental problem. Micro (nano)plastics are byproducts of anthropogenic activity, exerting a significant influence on both the ecological well-being of human populations and the overall health of the planet. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the impacts of micro (nano)plastics on various organismal tissues, as well as the analytical methods used for addressing health challenges. A possible direct or indirect effect of micro (nano) plastics on different tissues or organs (intestine, liver, reproduction, etc.) is discussed in this paper. For detecting micro (nano) plastics, zetasizers, visual inspection, Raman spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging systems, and pyrolysis gas chromatography were used. The objective is to provide relevant evidence for future research endeavors. Nonetheless, conducting further investigations to address fundamental questions related to this topic is crucial.

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an intuitive and multidimensional analysis method that provides spatial information on molecules in tissues or cells; it is widely used in biomedical research. However, MSI data sets are large and complex, and the quality of data processing directly affects its practical application. Fortunately, the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has greatly simplified MSI data integration and image processing. The continued development of AI keeps enhancing MSI, and the integration of MSI and AI has benefited biomedical research. However, few reports summarize the recent developments in this important field. This review summarizes AI uses in currently reported MSI technology, including the introduction of the workflow for MSI data processing and mining, and provides examples of MSI combined with AI in disease diagnosis, tissue heterogeneity research, and tumor classification.

Covalent inhibitors, forming reversible or irreversible covalent bonds with nucleophilic groups in target protein active sites, effectively inhibit protein function for therapeutic purposes. They can also be used for target validation, biomarker identification, and as chemical probes. Boasting high bioefficiency, low drug resistance, and minimal off-target effects, covalent inhibitors possess significant application potential within the small molecule drug market. Their discovery usually involves rational drug design. Understanding screening and identification tools for covalent inhibitors aids in selecting suitable and efficient development methods. This review encompasses screening platforms, target-ligand covalent binding, and selective analysis tools used in covalent inhibitor development. It focuses on discovery strategies such as computer-aided drug design, library screening, and classic techniques for binding determination and selectivity. Examples highlight the advantages and limitations of screening platforms, offering insights for covalent inhibitor discovery and advancing drug development.

Environmental protection has always been a hot topic, and the irresponsible use of organophosphorus pesticides has caused severe damage to the environment. The advantages of immunoassays for the detection of pesticides has allowed more researchers to develop and improve methods, in particular the performance of the assay, with few researchers considering the environmental impact of the method. The 12 principles of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) represent a guide for the development of environmentally friendly analytical methods. Eco-Scale and Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) are assessment metrics based on GAC, where GAPI is used to assess the green characteristics of the entire analytical method from sample collection to final determination, and the difference in color gives an evaluation of the environmental impact involved in each step. In this paper, we modified GAPI to make it more suitable for the assessment of immunoassays, and combined it with Eco-Scale penalty rules to give scores for the sample preparation and assay steps, and finally to obtain the assessment results intuitively for the method so that researchers and users can choose. We used this tool for the immunoassay evaluation of chlorpyrifos in vegetables, and the method showed good reliability and consistency with scoring.

Exploiting sorbents with predictable structure, specific recognition, and broad applications is a vivid strategy in analytical approaches. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs)-based sample preparation techniques show promise in meeting the requirements of an ideal sample preparation method. However, concerns persist regarding the throughput and real-world applications of traditional MIPs-based sample preparation due to inherent defects. Integrating MIPs with functional materials not only presents viable solutions to these challenges but also expands composite practical applications. In this review, we examine the advancements in synthesis strategies and applications of MOFs- and COFs-based MIPs composites in various sample pretreatment techniques. The less-considered aspects of recognition characteristics of MIPs are surveyed. The attributes of MOFs and COFs as sorbents are discussed. Recent progress in the design and preparation of MOFs- and COFs-based MIPs composites is summarized, by highlighting their practical applications. Future perspectives and challenges to facilitate the development of corresponding analytical methods are outlined.

The challenge to determine low concentration levels of fluoroquinolones in food products is very important. Sample pretreatment techniques play an outstanding role in the analysis of food samples. Addressing this necessity, two major groups of treatment methods – liquid-liquid and solid-phase microextraction – have garnered significant attention in recent years. This review covers articles based on the development and application of sample pretreatment techniques for the determination of fluoroquinolones in food matrices by various hyphenated techniques, published between 2015 and 2024. In addition, green materials for liquid-liquid and solid-phase microextraction and recent trends and future strategies in the determination of fluoroquinolones in food samples are discussed.

Biodegradable plastics (BPs) have been widely advocated as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-derived polymers, aiming to mitigate the burgeoning crisis of microplastic pollution. However, incomplete biodegradation of BPs can generate more and smaller particles, such as microplastics, which may persist in environments. Knowledge of the fate and effects of BPs, especially biodegradable microplastics, in the aquatic environment remains limited. We investigate the concentrations, detection methods, and adverse effects of biodegradable microplastics on aquatic organisms in various aquatic environments. Biodegradable microplastics, such as poly(lactic acid), polyhydroxyalkanoates, poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), and poly(butylene succinate), are found in wastewater, reservoirs, and marine environments at concentrations between 0.054 and 180 μg/L. Their environmental levels are negatively correlated with their degradation capacity in water. Biodegradable microplastics adversely affect aquatic microbial communities, plant adaptability, and animal physiology, with their toxicity increasing upon degradation. This review advocates for a critical reassessment of the use, disposal, and management strategies surrounding BPs.