Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2026.118674
Anna Czyż , Olamide Akinbode , Magdalena Borowska, Katarzyna Pawlak
This review provides a comprehensive overview of methodologies for assessing the bioactivity and environmental impact of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) in agriculture, emphasizing the need for standardized and robust analytical approaches. It examines NP interactions with complex matrices such as soil, water, and plants, and their behavior, transformation, and long-term effects. Applications of nanotechnology in agriculture are discussed, including the classification and functional roles of inorganic NPs and the differences between experimental models such as in vitro, hydroponic, and soil-based systems. Particular focus is placed on NP characterization using advanced analytical instrumentation, highlighting methodological advantages and critical parameters for accurate analysis of complex samples. The review also addresses the preparation of environmental models enabling the investigation of NP stability and transformation under realistic conditions and concludes by outlining methodological advances essential for producing reliable, comparable, and interpretable data.
{"title":"Emergent analytical strategies and tools to track functional inorganic nanomaterials applied for sustainable agriculture","authors":"Anna Czyż , Olamide Akinbode , Magdalena Borowska, Katarzyna Pawlak","doi":"10.1016/j.trac.2026.118674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trac.2026.118674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review provides a comprehensive overview of methodologies for assessing the bioactivity and environmental impact of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) in agriculture, emphasizing the need for standardized and robust analytical approaches. It examines NP interactions with complex matrices such as soil, water, and plants, and their behavior, transformation, and long-term effects. Applications of nanotechnology in agriculture are discussed, including the classification and functional roles of inorganic NPs and the differences between experimental models such as in vitro, hydroponic, and soil-based systems. Particular focus is placed on NP characterization using advanced analytical instrumentation, highlighting methodological advantages and critical parameters for accurate analysis of complex samples. The review also addresses the preparation of environmental models enabling the investigation of NP stability and transformation under realistic conditions and concludes by outlining methodological advances essential for producing reliable, comparable, and interpretable data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":439,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 118674"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2026.118683
Yujia Wang , Chao Han , Qiang Ma , Xuesong Feng
The pervasive occurrence of organic contaminants in food and environmental samples poses serious threats to public health and ecological security, highlighting the urgent need for rapid, on-site detection methods. In recent years, the integration of ambient ionization with miniature mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a powerful analytical strategy. Ambient ionization enables direct desorption and ionization of analytes from complex matrices under atmospheric pressure with minimal pretreatment, while miniature MS offers portability, rapid response, and high sensitivity—together making on-site analysis feasible. This review systematically outlines recent advances in this integration, with an emphasis on the core components of miniature mass spectrometers and interface designs. Representative ambient ionization techniques—such as desorption electrospray ionization, low-temperature plasma, paper spray ionization, extraction nanoelectrospray ionization, and thermal desorption–electrospray ionization—are described alongside their coupling strategies with miniature MS. Furthermore, the review highlights applications in food safety and environmental monitoring, demonstrating the capability of this technology for rapid, on-site, and multi-analyte detection. Finally, current challenges and future research directions are discussed, underscoring the potential of this integrated approach to enhance real-time contamination monitoring and support decision-making in public health and environmental protection.
{"title":"Integration of ambient ionization with miniature mass spectrometry for the analysis of organic contaminants in food and environmental samples","authors":"Yujia Wang , Chao Han , Qiang Ma , Xuesong Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.trac.2026.118683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trac.2026.118683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pervasive occurrence of organic contaminants in food and environmental samples poses serious threats to public health and ecological security, highlighting the urgent need for rapid, on-site detection methods. In recent years, the integration of ambient ionization with miniature mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a powerful analytical strategy. Ambient ionization enables direct desorption and ionization of analytes from complex matrices under atmospheric pressure with minimal pretreatment, while miniature MS offers portability, rapid response, and high sensitivity—together making on-site analysis feasible. This review systematically outlines recent advances in this integration, with an emphasis on the core components of miniature mass spectrometers and interface designs. Representative ambient ionization techniques—such as desorption electrospray ionization, low-temperature plasma, paper spray ionization, extraction nanoelectrospray ionization, and thermal desorption–electrospray ionization—are described alongside their coupling strategies with miniature MS. Furthermore, the review highlights applications in food safety and environmental monitoring, demonstrating the capability of this technology for rapid, on-site, and multi-analyte detection. Finally, current challenges and future research directions are discussed, underscoring the potential of this integrated approach to enhance real-time contamination monitoring and support decision-making in public health and environmental protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":439,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 118683"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118637
Tianren Liu , Javaria Ashiq , Mudassar Jamil , Sara Riaz , Yingming Ma , Mian Hasnain Nawaz , Li Niu
Food safety and contamination are serious global challenges because of their magnified impact on health and social well-being. Conventional detection techniques, despite their accuracy, rely on laboratory equipment, skilled operators, and time-consuming steps, which limit their use for on-site analysis. Microfluidic paper-based biosensors (μPAD-BS) have appeared as a simple, low-cost, and reliable solution for rapid food testing. Additionally, the machine learning assisted microfluidic paper-based devices have more advantages in their analytical performances and reliability. These platforms can handle complicated data, improve detection accuracy, and facilitate real-time decision-making via portable devices like smartphones when paired with machine learning. This review critically examines the integration of machine learning algorithms with μPAD-BS. It also discusses fabrication methods, algorithm selection criteria, and the trade-offs between computational cost and interpretability. It also provides insights from related fields such as biomedical diagnostics and environmental monitoring to offer scalable, ethical, and user-friendly designs. In spite of machine learning-enhanced μPAD-BS showing promising outputs, the need for further research to develop more user-oriented and intelligent sensing tools for robust food safety analysis has also been discussed in the future perspectives section.
{"title":"Challenges in translating machine learning integrated microfluidic paper-based biosensors from lab to field: A critical analysis of scalability and socio-economic barriers","authors":"Tianren Liu , Javaria Ashiq , Mudassar Jamil , Sara Riaz , Yingming Ma , Mian Hasnain Nawaz , Li Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.trac.2025.118637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trac.2025.118637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food safety and contamination are serious global challenges because of their magnified impact on health and social well-being. Conventional detection techniques, despite their accuracy, rely on laboratory equipment, skilled operators, and time-consuming steps, which limit their use for on-site analysis. Microfluidic paper-based biosensors (μPAD-BS) have appeared as a simple, low-cost, and reliable solution for rapid food testing. Additionally, the machine learning assisted microfluidic paper-based devices have more advantages in their analytical performances and reliability. These platforms can handle complicated data, improve detection accuracy, and facilitate real-time decision-making via portable devices like smartphones when paired with machine learning. This review critically examines the integration of machine learning algorithms with μPAD-BS. It also discusses fabrication methods, algorithm selection criteria, and the trade-offs between computational cost and interpretability. It also provides insights from related fields such as biomedical diagnostics and environmental monitoring to offer scalable, ethical, and user-friendly designs. In spite of machine learning-enhanced μPAD-BS showing promising outputs, the need for further research to develop more user-oriented and intelligent sensing tools for robust food safety analysis has also been discussed in the future perspectives section.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":439,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 118637"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2026.118681
Zhiliang Wu , Yanshan Yin , Nai Shi , Shihao Lv , Ruiqi Wang , Md Maksudur Rahman , Hongqi Wang , Zehua Wang , Wenran Gao , Carol Sze Ki Lin , Zhenyao Wang , Ao Xia , Bing Song
The rising accumulation of plastic waste poses a global challenge, highlighting the need for efficient recycling and valorization. Thermochemical conversion offers a promising route for transforming plastics into value-added products, but its optimization relies on robust analytical methods capable of accurately identifying feedstocks and characterizing reaction products. This review summarizes recent advances in analytical methods across the entire thermochemical conversion chain. For feedstock identification, conventional sorting manual and density-based sorting have evolved toward advanced spectroscopic techniques like Fourier-transform infrared and Raman, enabling rapid and non-destructive polymer detection. For product characterization, chromatographic, thermal, spectroscopic, and microscopic tools are essential for analyzing gaseous, liquid, and solid products and for uncovering reaction pathways. Emerging integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning is also highlighted for enhancing real-time analysis and process decision-making. This review offers guidance for selecting and applying analytical tools to improve the environmental and economic feasibility of thermochemical plastic recycling.
{"title":"Recent advances in analytical methods for plastic thermochemical conversion: from feedstocks to products","authors":"Zhiliang Wu , Yanshan Yin , Nai Shi , Shihao Lv , Ruiqi Wang , Md Maksudur Rahman , Hongqi Wang , Zehua Wang , Wenran Gao , Carol Sze Ki Lin , Zhenyao Wang , Ao Xia , Bing Song","doi":"10.1016/j.trac.2026.118681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trac.2026.118681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising accumulation of plastic waste poses a global challenge, highlighting the need for efficient recycling and valorization. Thermochemical conversion offers a promising route for transforming plastics into value-added products, but its optimization relies on robust analytical methods capable of accurately identifying feedstocks and characterizing reaction products. This review summarizes recent advances in analytical methods across the entire thermochemical conversion chain. For feedstock identification, conventional sorting manual and density-based sorting have evolved toward advanced spectroscopic techniques like Fourier-transform infrared and Raman, enabling rapid and non-destructive polymer detection. For product characterization, chromatographic, thermal, spectroscopic, and microscopic tools are essential for analyzing gaseous, liquid, and solid products and for uncovering reaction pathways. Emerging integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning is also highlighted for enhancing real-time analysis and process decision-making. This review offers guidance for selecting and applying analytical tools to improve the environmental and economic feasibility of thermochemical plastic recycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":439,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 118681"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2026.118676
Fábio Trindade , Miron Sopić , Michael J. Davies , Christos Tsatsanis , Florence Pinet , Helena Beatriz Ferreira , Jelena Munjas , Karine R. Mayilyan , Melissa Marie Formosa , Ritienne Attard , Rosienne Farrugia , Rui Vitorino , Soliman Khatib , Stephanie Bezzina Wettinger , Susana Novella , Vít Kosek , Yahya Sohrabi , Paolo Magni , Yvan Devaux , David de Gonzalo-Calvo , Marie Mardal
To implement multiomic studies successfully, there is a need to overcome challenges in steps ranging from study design to data integration. As blood is the preferred matrix for sampling in such studies, we review how pre-analytical factors affect genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics and propose a harmonized blood processing protocol. Plasma is preferred, as clotting of serum may cause contamination from lysed cells. Transcriptomics is highly sensitive to platelet contamination, making platelet-poor plasma ideal. Processing delays and room-temperature storage compromise the stability of several analytes classes. To ensure comparability, the Standard PREanalytical Code (SPREC) should document all phases of sample handling. We recommend collecting blood in K2EDTA tubes and separating plasma via two centrifugations (1600×g and 16,000×g, 10 min at 4 °C). Samples should be checked for hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia and then stored at −80 °C [SPREC: PL2.PED.A1.C.J.A.D]. Following this standardized protocol or documenting deviations from it can improve multiomic reproducibility.
{"title":"Relevance of pre-analytical factors in multiomics: Toward a standardized blood processing protocol","authors":"Fábio Trindade , Miron Sopić , Michael J. Davies , Christos Tsatsanis , Florence Pinet , Helena Beatriz Ferreira , Jelena Munjas , Karine R. Mayilyan , Melissa Marie Formosa , Ritienne Attard , Rosienne Farrugia , Rui Vitorino , Soliman Khatib , Stephanie Bezzina Wettinger , Susana Novella , Vít Kosek , Yahya Sohrabi , Paolo Magni , Yvan Devaux , David de Gonzalo-Calvo , Marie Mardal","doi":"10.1016/j.trac.2026.118676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trac.2026.118676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To implement multiomic studies successfully, there is a need to overcome challenges in steps ranging from study design to data integration. As blood is the preferred matrix for sampling in such studies, we review how pre-analytical factors affect genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics and propose a harmonized blood processing protocol. Plasma is preferred, as clotting of serum may cause contamination from lysed cells. Transcriptomics is highly sensitive to platelet contamination, making platelet-poor plasma ideal. Processing delays and room-temperature storage compromise the stability of several analytes classes. To ensure comparability, the Standard PREanalytical Code (SPREC) should document all phases of sample handling. We recommend collecting blood in K<sub>2</sub>EDTA tubes and separating plasma via two centrifugations (1600×<em>g</em> and 16,000×<em>g</em>, 10 min at 4 °C). Samples should be checked for hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia and then stored at −80 °C [SPREC: PL2.PED.A1.C.J.A.D]. Following this standardized protocol or documenting deviations from it can improve multiomic reproducibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":439,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 118676"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2026.118680
Xiaofang Yang , Yuanyuan Liu , Zhankuo Zhang , Xiaodong Wen , Chengbin Zheng
Driven by the growing demand for environmentally-friendly analytical technologies, it is an urgent need to develop green and efficient sample digestion methods to overcome the shortcomings of conventional techniques. Ultraviolet irradiation-assisted digestion (UVD) represents a promising alternative for sample digestion with small amounts of reagents, thus minimizing the potential contamination from reagents and improving the analytical performance. This benefits to the ultratrace determinations and has attracted considerable attention in many analytical fields. The review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in UVD methods and devices as well as their applications. It systematically elucidates the mechanisms of UV-induced radical generation and organic matrix decomposition, summarizes key progress in UV emission sources, highlights innovations in UVD reactor design, and thoroughly examines applications in various fields, while also discussing future prospects of the technique. This review establishes a theoretical and practical foundation for the ongoing innovation and deeper application of UVD technique in analytical chemistry.
{"title":"Ultraviolet irradiation-assisted digestion and its devices towards green analytical chemistry","authors":"Xiaofang Yang , Yuanyuan Liu , Zhankuo Zhang , Xiaodong Wen , Chengbin Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.trac.2026.118680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trac.2026.118680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driven by the growing demand for environmentally-friendly analytical technologies, it is an urgent need to develop green and efficient sample digestion methods to overcome the shortcomings of conventional techniques. Ultraviolet irradiation-assisted digestion (UVD) represents a promising alternative for sample digestion with small amounts of reagents, thus minimizing the potential contamination from reagents and improving the analytical performance. This benefits to the ultratrace determinations and has attracted considerable attention in many analytical fields. The review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in UVD methods and devices as well as their applications. It systematically elucidates the mechanisms of UV-induced radical generation and organic matrix decomposition, summarizes key progress in UV emission sources, highlights innovations in UVD reactor design, and thoroughly examines applications in various fields, while also discussing future prospects of the technique. This review establishes a theoretical and practical foundation for the ongoing innovation and deeper application of UVD technique in analytical chemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":439,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 118680"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2026.118669
Kyeong-Mo Koo , Jin-Kyu Wi , Chang-Dae Kim , Hyung-Joo Kim , Tae-Hyung Kim
Cancer remains a major global health burden, while current biomarkers remain limited in capturing tumour progression despite advances in imaging and molecular diagnostics. Conventional modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) remain constrained by high cost, lengthy procedures, and invasive sampling. Electrochemical (EC) biosensors have emerged as sensitive, label-free tools capable of real-time monitoring and integration into portable platforms.
This review focuses on cell-based EC biosensors that interface directly with cancer cells to detect dynamic redox behaviour beyond conventional assays. These systems capture intracellular as well as extracellular redox and metabolic activity, offering functional insight into tumour state and therapeutic response. Sensing and interface-engineering strategies are outlined to clarify remaining technical challenges. Finally, we outline future directions that integrate EC biosensors with three-dimensional tumour models, organoids and microfluidic systems to establish physiologically relevant and multiplexed diagnostic platforms for translational cancer research.
{"title":"Cell-based electrochemical biosensors for cancer diagnosis: Advances and emerging trends","authors":"Kyeong-Mo Koo , Jin-Kyu Wi , Chang-Dae Kim , Hyung-Joo Kim , Tae-Hyung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.trac.2026.118669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trac.2026.118669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer remains a major global health burden, while current biomarkers remain limited in capturing tumour progression despite advances in imaging and molecular diagnostics. Conventional modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) remain constrained by high cost, lengthy procedures, and invasive sampling. Electrochemical (EC) biosensors have emerged as sensitive, label-free tools capable of real-time monitoring and integration into portable platforms.</div><div>This review focuses on cell-based EC biosensors that interface directly with cancer cells to detect dynamic redox behaviour beyond conventional assays. These systems capture intracellular as well as extracellular redox and metabolic activity, offering functional insight into tumour state and therapeutic response. Sensing and interface-engineering strategies are outlined to clarify remaining technical challenges. Finally, we outline future directions that integrate EC biosensors with three-dimensional tumour models, organoids and microfluidic systems to establish physiologically relevant and multiplexed diagnostic platforms for translational cancer research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":439,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 118669"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2026.118679
Sarantos Kostidis , Hannah Mörk , Ton J. Rabelink , Martin Giera , Nina Ogrinc
Stable isotope tracing combined with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) offers a powerful framework for spatially and temporally resolved analysis of metabolic activity, enabling visualization of labeled metabolites at cellular and subcellular resolution. This approach provides insights into the spatial organization and dynamics of metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and amino acid metabolism under both physiological and pathological conditions. However, its implementation remains technically challenging due to spectral complexity, limited spatial quantification methods, and the need for meticulous sample preparation and data processing. This review defines key considerations for integrating isotope tracers with MSI, including tracer selection, administration strategies across biological model systems, and current MSI platform capabilities. It also covers interpretation of isotopic labeling patterns and emerging experimental designs for mapping metabolic activity. By consolidating recent advances and identifying ongoing challenges, this review outlines the evolving role of MSI-based isotope tracing in spatial metabolomics.
{"title":"Mapping metabolism using stable isotope tracers in combination with mass spectrometry imaging","authors":"Sarantos Kostidis , Hannah Mörk , Ton J. Rabelink , Martin Giera , Nina Ogrinc","doi":"10.1016/j.trac.2026.118679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trac.2026.118679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stable isotope tracing combined with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) offers a powerful framework for spatially and temporally resolved analysis of metabolic activity, enabling visualization of labeled metabolites at cellular and subcellular resolution. This approach provides insights into the spatial organization and dynamics of metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and amino acid metabolism under both physiological and pathological conditions. However, its implementation remains technically challenging due to spectral complexity, limited spatial quantification methods, and the need for meticulous sample preparation and data processing. This review defines key considerations for integrating isotope tracers with MSI, including tracer selection, administration strategies across biological model systems, and current MSI platform capabilities. It also covers interpretation of isotopic labeling patterns and emerging experimental designs for mapping metabolic activity. By consolidating recent advances and identifying ongoing challenges, this review outlines the evolving role of MSI-based isotope tracing in spatial metabolomics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":439,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 118679"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2026.118677
Yinwei Gu , Tongtong Tian , Jing Jin , Yan Li , Wei Guo , Ning Gu
Magnetic micro-and nano-architectures (MMNAs) have emerged as powerful tools in analytical chemistry due to their unique physicochemical properties, mainly responsible for the separation, enrichment, and signal detection of target analytes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the properites, synthesis, design, and multifunctional applications of these materials. Firstly, we summarized the core magnetic properties and the synthesis strategies developed for their functionality. Then, we delved into their various cutting-edge applications, emphasizing their roles as separation and enrichment tools, signal sources in magnetic sensing, signal enhancers in biosensors, and actuators for droplet manipulation. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives. MMNAs will undoubtedly be an important driving force for the development of next-generation analytical platforms.
{"title":"Revealing the potential of magnetic micro-nano architectures in analytical chemistry: From design to application","authors":"Yinwei Gu , Tongtong Tian , Jing Jin , Yan Li , Wei Guo , Ning Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.trac.2026.118677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trac.2026.118677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic micro-and nano-architectures (MMNAs) have emerged as powerful tools in analytical chemistry due to their unique physicochemical properties, mainly responsible for the separation, enrichment, and signal detection of target analytes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the properites, synthesis, design, and multifunctional applications of these materials. Firstly, we summarized the core magnetic properties and the synthesis strategies developed for their functionality. Then, we delved into their various cutting-edge applications, emphasizing their roles as separation and enrichment tools, signal sources in magnetic sensing, signal enhancers in biosensors, and actuators for droplet manipulation. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives. MMNAs will undoubtedly be an important driving force for the development of next-generation analytical platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":439,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 118677"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2026.118678
Xiaoyu Wang , Jingwen Zou , Yixuan Tao , Zhiwen Zhou , Changyu Bian , Zhiqiang Mao , Zhihong Liu
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), as a novel therapeutic approach, leverage the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to selectively degrade target proteins, enabling the targeting of previously "undruggable" proteins and significantly expanding the potential for drug development. PROTACs can cyclically degrade multiple proteins and exert excellent therapeutic effects with only catalytic amounts. Additionally, PROTACs can potentially overcome acquired drug resistance through degrading entire proteins. Nevertheless, the high molecular weight of PROTACs often results in suboptimal permeability and solubility, as well as unfavorable pharmacokinetics. Additionally, due to the lack of tissue-specific targeting, PROTACs may cause serious therapeutic side effects. Furthermore, the development of synergistic treatment models has become one of the solutions to challenges posed by the heterogeneity and complexity of tumors. In this context, stimulus-responsive PROTAC prodrugs have been developed for precise protein targeting and degradation, and PROTAC prodrugs combine with other therapeutic approaches have been thriving in tumor therapy to address issues such as poor targeting and pharmacokinetics. This review focuses on the last 3 years’ advances in PROTAC combination therapy for tumor treatment, aiming to provide valuable insights for the progress in more efficient PROTAC-based synergistic treatment strategies.
{"title":"PROTAC-powered synergistic tumor therapy","authors":"Xiaoyu Wang , Jingwen Zou , Yixuan Tao , Zhiwen Zhou , Changyu Bian , Zhiqiang Mao , Zhihong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.trac.2026.118678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trac.2026.118678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), as a novel therapeutic approach, leverage the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to selectively degrade target proteins, enabling the targeting of previously \"undruggable\" proteins and significantly expanding the potential for drug development. PROTACs can cyclically degrade multiple proteins and exert excellent therapeutic effects with only catalytic amounts. Additionally, PROTACs can potentially overcome acquired drug resistance through degrading entire proteins. Nevertheless, the high molecular weight of PROTACs often results in suboptimal permeability and solubility, as well as unfavorable pharmacokinetics. Additionally, due to the lack of tissue-specific targeting, PROTACs may cause serious therapeutic side effects. Furthermore, the development of synergistic treatment models has become one of the solutions to challenges posed by the heterogeneity and complexity of tumors. In this context, stimulus-responsive PROTAC prodrugs have been developed for precise protein targeting and degradation, and PROTAC prodrugs combine with other therapeutic approaches have been thriving in tumor therapy to address issues such as poor targeting and pharmacokinetics. This review focuses on the last 3 years’ advances in PROTAC combination therapy for tumor treatment, aiming to provide valuable insights for the progress in more efficient PROTAC-based synergistic treatment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":439,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 118678"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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