Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118516
You Zhou , Sobia Niazi , Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan , Faizan ul Haq , Ali Raza , Khubaib Ali , Ali Mohsin , Muhammad Shoaib , Muhammad Sajjad , Ibrahim Khan , Fatima Jerosha , Shahid Iqbal , Tehmina Azam , Zhouping Wang , Imran Mahmood Khan
DNAzymes are frequently adopted in biosensors for their sensitivity and specificity in detecting and managing food safety concerns. Depending on the DNAzyme variant, they can function as recognition elements or signal reporters in biosensors. This review comprehensively evaluates the incorporation of DNAzymes in optical and electrochemical biosensing. It provides a comprehensive overview and understanding of the development of DNAzyme-based biosensors for food safety detection in the food industry. The brief introduction, development history, and immobilization strategy of DNAzyme biosensors in food were highlighted to improve the working of DNAzyme-based biosensors. The detection process of DNAzyme-based biosensors is formulated, emphasizing the catalytic cleavage of the analytes and the subsequent signal amplification methods used to improve sensitivity. The emerging optical and electrochemical sensors based on DNAzyme are also classified according to their sensing mechanism towards food safety. Lastly, the hurdles and future research expectations of DNAzyme biosensors for food safety detection are highlighted to improve selectivity, specificity, and potential for integration with other technologies. This article provides a comprehensive review of DNAzyme-based biosensors for detecting food safety, highlighting the potential for further development in this field.
{"title":"DNAzyme biosensor as an emerging food safety indicator: History and fundamental mechanism to future prospects","authors":"You Zhou , Sobia Niazi , Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan , Faizan ul Haq , Ali Raza , Khubaib Ali , Ali Mohsin , Muhammad Shoaib , Muhammad Sajjad , Ibrahim Khan , Fatima Jerosha , Shahid Iqbal , Tehmina Azam , Zhouping Wang , Imran Mahmood Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.trac.2025.118516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trac.2025.118516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DNAzymes are frequently adopted in biosensors for their sensitivity and specificity in detecting and managing food safety concerns. Depending on the DNAzyme variant, they can function as recognition elements or signal reporters in biosensors. This review comprehensively evaluates the incorporation of DNAzymes in optical and electrochemical biosensing. It provides a comprehensive overview and understanding of the development of DNAzyme-based biosensors for food safety detection in the food industry. The brief introduction, development history, and immobilization strategy of DNAzyme biosensors in food were highlighted to improve the working of DNAzyme-based biosensors. The detection process of DNAzyme-based biosensors is formulated, emphasizing the catalytic cleavage of the analytes and the subsequent signal amplification methods used to improve sensitivity. The emerging optical and electrochemical sensors based on DNAzyme are also classified according to their sensing mechanism towards food safety. Lastly, the hurdles and future research expectations of DNAzyme biosensors for food safety detection are highlighted to improve selectivity, specificity, and potential for integration with other technologies. This article provides a comprehensive review of DNAzyme-based biosensors for detecting food safety, highlighting the potential for further development in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":439,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 118516"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118514
Long Yi , Longhua Tang
Confined-space electrochemistry has emerged as a transformative method for single-molecule detection with significant sensitivity. Progressive reduction of interelectrode distances—from the microscale to sub-nanoscale regimes—dramatically accelerates electron transfer kinetics through continuous oxidation-reduction cycles, amplifying Faradaic currents by orders of magnitude beyond classical diffusion limits. This spatial confinement strategy not only enables real-time detection of molecular events with sub-millisecond temporal resolution but also facilitates nanoscale tracking of heterogeneous charge transfer dynamics via scanning probe techniques. At sub-10 nm electrode gaps, quantum tunnelling dominates charge transport, establishing a distinct electron transfer regime independent of classical diffusion constraints. Such tunnelling-driven redox processes provide molecular-level insights into structural dynamics, offering a new pathway for studying biomolecular interactions and charge transport mechanisms. This review systematically examines recent breakthroughs in confined redox cycling systems across four key technological platforms: (i) high-throughput nanoconfined devices, (ii) nanopipettes and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM), (iii) scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), and (iv) quantum tunnelling platforms with extreme spatial confinement. We highlight how these advances bridge classical electrochemical theories with quantum phenomena, revolutionising charge transfer frameworks and driving innovations in ultra-sensitive sensing and single-molecule analysis.
{"title":"From confinement to quantum tunnelling: Redox cycling electrochemistry across scales for ultra-sensitive molecular sensing","authors":"Long Yi , Longhua Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.trac.2025.118514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trac.2025.118514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Confined-space electrochemistry has emerged as a transformative method for single-molecule detection with significant sensitivity. Progressive reduction of interelectrode distances—from the microscale to sub-nanoscale regimes—dramatically accelerates electron transfer kinetics through continuous oxidation-reduction cycles, amplifying Faradaic currents by orders of magnitude beyond classical diffusion limits. This spatial confinement strategy not only enables real-time detection of molecular events with sub-millisecond temporal resolution but also facilitates nanoscale tracking of heterogeneous charge transfer dynamics via scanning probe techniques. At sub-10 nm electrode gaps, quantum tunnelling dominates charge transport, establishing a distinct electron transfer regime independent of classical diffusion constraints. Such tunnelling-driven redox processes provide molecular-level insights into structural dynamics, offering a new pathway for studying biomolecular interactions and charge transport mechanisms. This review systematically examines recent breakthroughs in confined redox cycling systems across four key technological platforms: (i) high-throughput nanoconfined devices, (ii) nanopipettes and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM), (iii) scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), and (iv) quantum tunnelling platforms with extreme spatial confinement. We highlight how these advances bridge classical electrochemical theories with quantum phenomena, revolutionising charge transfer frameworks and driving innovations in ultra-sensitive sensing and single-molecule analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":439,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 118514"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118530
Dong Peng , Mingming Que , Shanshan Huang , Sijia Wei , Neng Wang , Qifang He , Zhonggao Zhou , Hongdeng Qiu
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-based nanomaterials have emerged as a highly promising class of artificial enzymes for advanced sensing applications due to their versatile enzyme-mimic activities. This review provides a systematic analysis of the catalytic mechanisms governing these enzyme-like activities. We further comprehensively examine how key structural characteristics of MoS2 nanomaterials, including morphology, size, phase composition, defect engineering, and surface modifications, profoundly influence their catalytic performance. Understanding these structure-activity relationships is crucial for the rational design of advanced nanozymes with tailored functionalities, which enables the rational design of highly sensitive and selective nanozyme-based sensors. Furthermore, this review summarizes recent progress in colorimetric, fluorometric, chemiluminescent, electrochemical, and dual-mode platforms for the determination of hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen peroxide producing substrates, biomolecules, heavy metal and anionic species, and organic pollutants. Mechanistic insights centered on the Mo(VI)/Mo(IV) redox couple and defect-enabled reactive oxygen species pathways are concisely connected to sensor design rules that enhance catalytic turnover, substrate affinity, and signal amplification. Despite the significant advancements, there are several challenges remaining, including the deeper mechanistic understanding of the catalytic processes at the atomic level, the development of smart, multi-functional sensing systems for complex environments, and ensuring the scalability and practicality of these nanozymes for practical applications. This review aims to deepen the understanding of MoS2 nanozymes and to guide future research efforts aimed at expanding their analytical applications in biosensing, environmental monitoring, and clinical diagnostics. By addressing the existing challenges and leveraging the unique properties of MoS2, the next generation of nanozyme-based sensors can achieve unprecedented levels of sensitivity, selectivity, and functionality.
{"title":"Harnessing MoS2 nanozymes: Mechanistic insights into enzyme-mimetic catalysis for advanced sensing applications","authors":"Dong Peng , Mingming Que , Shanshan Huang , Sijia Wei , Neng Wang , Qifang He , Zhonggao Zhou , Hongdeng Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.trac.2025.118530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trac.2025.118530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>)-based nanomaterials have emerged as a highly promising class of artificial enzymes for advanced sensing applications due to their versatile enzyme-mimic activities. This review provides a systematic analysis of the catalytic mechanisms governing these enzyme-like activities. We further comprehensively examine how key structural characteristics of MoS<sub>2</sub> nanomaterials, including morphology, size, phase composition, defect engineering, and surface modifications, profoundly influence their catalytic performance. Understanding these structure-activity relationships is crucial for the rational design of advanced nanozymes with tailored functionalities, which enables the rational design of highly sensitive and selective nanozyme-based sensors. Furthermore, this review summarizes recent progress in colorimetric, fluorometric, chemiluminescent, electrochemical, and dual-mode platforms for the determination of hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen peroxide producing substrates, biomolecules, heavy metal and anionic species, and organic pollutants. Mechanistic insights centered on the Mo(VI)/Mo(IV) redox couple and defect-enabled reactive oxygen species pathways are concisely connected to sensor design rules that enhance catalytic turnover, substrate affinity, and signal amplification. Despite the significant advancements, there are several challenges remaining, including the deeper mechanistic understanding of the catalytic processes at the atomic level, the development of smart, multi-functional sensing systems for complex environments, and ensuring the scalability and practicality of these nanozymes for practical applications. This review aims to deepen the understanding of MoS<sub>2</sub> nanozymes and to guide future research efforts aimed at expanding their analytical applications in biosensing, environmental monitoring, and clinical diagnostics. By addressing the existing challenges and leveraging the unique properties of MoS<sub>2</sub>, the next generation of nanozyme-based sensors can achieve unprecedented levels of sensitivity, selectivity, and functionality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":439,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 118530"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118527
Rosanna Margalef-Marti , Annie Bourbonnais , Kay Knöller , Bernhard Mayer , Mark Altabet , Mathieu Sebilo
The increasing prevalence of nitrate contamination in surface waters, groundwater, and ocean waters, represents a critical environmental challenge, particularly in regions with intensive agriculture and aquaculture. Denitrification, the microbial reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen gas, plays a pivotal role in mitigating this contamination and regulating the global nitrogen cycle. Stable isotope analysis provides critical insights into nitrate transformation pathways, distinguishing denitrification from anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), another N-loss process, or internal recycling processes such as dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA).
This review highlights the importance of isotopic tools for assessing nitrate attenuation in natural and anthropogenic-impacted systems and explores the use of nitrogen (δ15N) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopic fractionation to trace denitrification and to quantify its extent in diverse aquatic environments. The nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) isotopic fractionation during denitrification is evaluated at organism and ecosystem levels. Also, environmental factors modulating isotopic composition of N compounds in groundwater, rivers, lakes, riparian zones, coastal wetlands and oxygen-deficient marine regions are explored.
Advances in isotope biogeochemistry and analytical techniques improve our ability to assess the transport and fate of nitrate, integrating isotopic data with hydrological and biogeochemical models. A precise characterization of N and O isotopic enrichment factors for denitrification supports improved predictions of nitrogen cycling dynamics under changing environmental conditions. These approaches enhance understanding of nitrogen removal processes and help refine estimates of nitrogen fluxes at local, regional and global scales. By providing a quantitative framework for evaluating denitrification and related processes, this review contributes to developing more effective strategies for managing nitrogen pollution and mitigating its impacts on aquatic ecosystems.
{"title":"Using N and O isotope fractionation for evaluating denitrification in aquatic systems","authors":"Rosanna Margalef-Marti , Annie Bourbonnais , Kay Knöller , Bernhard Mayer , Mark Altabet , Mathieu Sebilo","doi":"10.1016/j.trac.2025.118527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trac.2025.118527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing prevalence of nitrate contamination in surface waters, groundwater, and ocean waters, represents a critical environmental challenge, particularly in regions with intensive agriculture and aquaculture. Denitrification, the microbial reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen gas, plays a pivotal role in mitigating this contamination and regulating the global nitrogen cycle. Stable isotope analysis provides critical insights into nitrate transformation pathways, distinguishing denitrification from anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), another N-loss process, or internal recycling processes such as dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA).</div><div>This review highlights the importance of isotopic tools for assessing nitrate attenuation in natural and anthropogenic-impacted systems and explores the use of nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup>N) and oxygen (δ<sup>18</sup>O) isotopic fractionation to trace denitrification and to quantify its extent in diverse aquatic environments. The nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) isotopic fractionation during denitrification is evaluated at organism and ecosystem levels. Also, environmental factors modulating isotopic composition of N compounds in groundwater, rivers, lakes, riparian zones, coastal wetlands and oxygen-deficient marine regions are explored.</div><div>Advances in isotope biogeochemistry and analytical techniques improve our ability to assess the transport and fate of nitrate, integrating isotopic data with hydrological and biogeochemical models. A precise characterization of N and O isotopic enrichment factors for denitrification supports improved predictions of nitrogen cycling dynamics under changing environmental conditions. These approaches enhance understanding of nitrogen removal processes and help refine estimates of nitrogen fluxes at local, regional and global scales. By providing a quantitative framework for evaluating denitrification and related processes, this review contributes to developing more effective strategies for managing nitrogen pollution and mitigating its impacts on aquatic ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":439,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 118527"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sampling plays a pivotal role in the analytical process, particularly when employing non-destructive spectroscopic sensors (NDSS). This review bridges Theory of Sampling (ToS) and Design of Experiments (DoE) to address sampling challenges in NDSS agri-food applications. Sampling quality is the primary driver of overall uncertainty, often significantly surpassing laboratory and instrumental errors. Non-destructive spectroscopic setups inherently sample through their optical configurations. We highlight the importance of replication methods to determine sources of variance, particularly in physical sampling procedures, and provide practical guidelines for achieving representative sampling. Additionally, the review briefly discusses computational augmentation and resampling techniques. Practical considerations and case studies from food and feed applications illustrate the constraints and solutions for effective sampling, providing insights for researchers and industry aiming to optimize NDSS measurements.
{"title":"Sampling for non-destructive spectroscopy with a particular focus on agriculture, food and feed","authors":"Jasenka Gajdoš Kljusurić , Vincent Baeten , Anastasios Koidis , Claudia Beleites","doi":"10.1016/j.trac.2025.118528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trac.2025.118528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sampling plays a pivotal role in the analytical process, particularly when employing non-destructive spectroscopic sensors (NDSS). This review bridges Theory of Sampling (ToS) and Design of Experiments (DoE) to address sampling challenges in NDSS agri-food applications. Sampling quality is the primary driver of overall uncertainty, often significantly surpassing laboratory and instrumental errors. Non-destructive spectroscopic setups inherently sample through their optical configurations. We highlight the importance of replication methods to determine sources of variance, particularly in physical sampling procedures, and provide practical guidelines for achieving representative sampling. Additionally, the review briefly discusses computational augmentation and resampling techniques. Practical considerations and case studies from food and feed applications illustrate the constraints and solutions for effective sampling, providing insights for researchers and industry aiming to optimize NDSS measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":439,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 118528"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118526
Ruizhao Wang , Zhongxing Wang , Hao Zhang , Xiaoqing Liu , Peng Zhu , Fengzheng Zhou , Jinrong Ma , Qiongzheng Hu
Nanobodies (Nbs) have attracted increasing attention as versatile tools in biosensing, imaging, diagnostics, and therapeutics, owing to their small size, high stability, low immunogenicity, and strong specificity. This review provides a systematic overview of Nb structural characteristics, generation strategies, engineering and modification approaches, and highlights their expanding roles in biosensing, while also discussing future perspectives in AI-driven Nb design. The discovery and generation of Nbs have evolved into a systematic process, including library construction, display-based screening, and large-scale production. Advances in Nb engineering strategies, such as complementarity-determining region (CDR) grafting, have enabled the development of high-affinity and stable variants. Additional functional modifications, including genetically encoded fusions with other proteins and site-specific labeling via chemical or enzymatic approaches, have further broadened their applicability. Building upon these foundations, Nbs have been integrated into diverse biosensing platforms, particularly optical biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, and cell-based and intracellular biosensors, where their robust performance has been demonstrated. Moreover, the emergence of artificial intelligence opens new opportunities for the rational design and accelerated optimization of Nbs.
{"title":"Modern strategies in nanobody engineering and functionalization: From discovery to biosensing application","authors":"Ruizhao Wang , Zhongxing Wang , Hao Zhang , Xiaoqing Liu , Peng Zhu , Fengzheng Zhou , Jinrong Ma , Qiongzheng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.trac.2025.118526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trac.2025.118526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanobodies (Nbs) have attracted increasing attention as versatile tools in biosensing, imaging, diagnostics, and therapeutics, owing to their small size, high stability, low immunogenicity, and strong specificity. This review provides a systematic overview of Nb structural characteristics, generation strategies, engineering and modification approaches, and highlights their expanding roles in biosensing, while also discussing future perspectives in AI-driven Nb design. The discovery and generation of Nbs have evolved into a systematic process, including library construction, display-based screening, and large-scale production. Advances in Nb engineering strategies, such as complementarity-determining region (CDR) grafting, have enabled the development of high-affinity and stable variants. Additional functional modifications, including genetically encoded fusions with other proteins and site-specific labeling via chemical or enzymatic approaches, have further broadened their applicability. Building upon these foundations, Nbs have been integrated into diverse biosensing platforms, particularly optical biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, and cell-based and intracellular biosensors, where their robust performance has been demonstrated. Moreover, the emergence of artificial intelligence opens new opportunities for the rational design and accelerated optimization of Nbs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":439,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 118526"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118525
Nasir Ali , Fuyi Wang , Li Qi
OT-CEC has attracted considerable interest as a highly efficient technique for enantioseparation. Despite recent studies and reviews on OT-CEC, a comprehensive summary focusing on coating materials synthesis strategies for OT-CEC enantioseparation is still lacking. This review addresses that gap by summarizing recent advances in chiral OT-CEC, with particular emphasis on the development and application of diverse coating materials, highlighting their distinct properties and roles in enantioseparation. Progress in capillary inner surface modification techniques, including covalent coating, in-situ coating, physical adsorption and layer-by-layer self-assembly, is critically examined. The review explores various chiral recognition mechanisms and integration of OT-CEC with chiral-ligand-exchange strategy to enhance enantioresolution. Applications of these OT-CEC systems in the enantioseparation of chiral drugs, chiral pesticides and d,l-amino acids, food analysis, enzymatic kinetics and metabolic study are presented. Finally, current limitations and future perspectives of chiral OT-CEC are discussed, with a focus on improving separation efficiency and broadening analytes coverage.
{"title":"Recent advances in the design and application of open tubular capillary electrochromatography for enantioseparation","authors":"Nasir Ali , Fuyi Wang , Li Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.trac.2025.118525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trac.2025.118525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>OT-CEC has attracted considerable interest as a highly efficient technique for enantioseparation. Despite recent studies and reviews on OT-CEC, a comprehensive summary focusing on coating materials synthesis strategies for OT-CEC enantioseparation is still lacking. This review addresses that gap by summarizing recent advances in chiral OT-CEC, with particular emphasis on the development and application of diverse coating materials, highlighting their distinct properties and roles in enantioseparation. Progress in capillary inner surface modification techniques, including covalent coating, in-situ coating, physical adsorption and layer-by-layer self-assembly, is critically examined. The review explores various chiral recognition mechanisms and integration of OT-CEC with chiral-ligand-exchange strategy to enhance enantioresolution. Applications of these OT-CEC systems in the enantioseparation of chiral drugs, chiral pesticides and <span>d</span>,<span>l</span>-amino acids, food analysis, enzymatic kinetics and metabolic study are presented. Finally, current limitations and future perspectives of chiral OT-CEC are discussed, with a focus on improving separation efficiency and broadening analytes coverage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":439,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 118525"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118524
Natalia Treder , Janusz Pawliszyn
Adenylate compounds – adenosine triphosphate (ATP), diphosphate (ADP), and monophosphate (AMP) – are central regulators of cellular energy metabolism and biomarkers of physiological and pathological states. Their rapid interconversion and enzymatic lability make accurate quantification challenging, especially in complex matrices. This review summarizes strategies for the analysis of ATP, ADP, and AMP, focusing on sample preparation and analytical methodologies for biological systems. Analytical techniques – including bioluminescent assays, biosensors, and chromatographic methods – have improved sensitivity and throughput, but most remain limited to endpoint measurements and cannot capture the dynamic nature of adenylate metabolism in vivo. Emerging trends emphasize integrative, miniaturized, and minimally invasive strategies for near-real-time monitoring. In particular, in vivo solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has gained attention as a minimally invasive sampling technique capable of extracting labile metabolites from tissues under physiological conditions. By assessing advancements and challenges, this review highlights the evolution of adenylate determination and the need for tools compatible with dynamic, spatially resolved sampling.
{"title":"ATP, ADP and AMP profiling for diagnostic applications: Recent advances in analytical strategies","authors":"Natalia Treder , Janusz Pawliszyn","doi":"10.1016/j.trac.2025.118524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trac.2025.118524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adenylate compounds – adenosine triphosphate (ATP), diphosphate (ADP), and monophosphate (AMP) – are central regulators of cellular energy metabolism and biomarkers of physiological and pathological states. Their rapid interconversion and enzymatic lability make accurate quantification challenging, especially in complex matrices. This review summarizes strategies for the analysis of ATP, ADP, and AMP, focusing on sample preparation and analytical methodologies for biological systems. Analytical techniques – including bioluminescent assays, biosensors, and chromatographic methods – have improved sensitivity and throughput, but most remain limited to endpoint measurements and cannot capture the dynamic nature of adenylate metabolism in vivo. Emerging trends emphasize integrative, miniaturized, and minimally invasive strategies for near-real-time monitoring. In particular, in vivo solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has gained attention as a minimally invasive sampling technique capable of extracting labile metabolites from tissues under physiological conditions. By assessing advancements and challenges, this review highlights the evolution of adenylate determination and the need for tools compatible with dynamic, spatially resolved sampling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":439,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 118524"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118513
Yuqian Yan , Haroon Ahmad , Maria Mazhar , Xuejin Wang , Han Wang , Dongxiang Chen , Wenjun Zeng , Jinghao Jiang , Peng Zhang , Muhammad Sohaib Iqbal , Bing Guo
The importance of H2S as a mediator of both normal physiological functions of cells and cellular disorders requires the creation of efficient molecular probes for its detection. BODIPY-derived probes have emerged as a focus of interest owing to their high fluorescence quantum yield (Q.Y.), high photostability, narrow emission bands, and modular structural variety. This review highlights accomplishments relevant to H2S detection using BODIPY-derived fluorescent probes. It pays particular attention to how organic changes dictate central photophysical phenomena leading to fluorescence ‘turn-on’, ‘turn-off’, or ‘ratiometric’ responses. Each infused probe's synthetic characteristics, targeting pathways, fluorescence imaging, and biological activity are described. Critically examined are the in vitro and in vivo studies, and also therapeutically relevant probe designs. This review aims to further rationalize the engineering of new BODIPY probes in studies and in translational imaging of H2S in live biological systems by integrating cross-disciplinary molecular engineering of the probes and biological outcomes.
{"title":"BODIPY-based probes for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) detection: Bridging molecular design and biological function","authors":"Yuqian Yan , Haroon Ahmad , Maria Mazhar , Xuejin Wang , Han Wang , Dongxiang Chen , Wenjun Zeng , Jinghao Jiang , Peng Zhang , Muhammad Sohaib Iqbal , Bing Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.trac.2025.118513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trac.2025.118513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The importance of H<sub>2</sub>S as a mediator of both normal physiological functions of cells and cellular disorders requires the creation of efficient molecular probes for its detection. BODIPY-derived probes have emerged as a focus of interest owing to their high fluorescence quantum yield (Q.Y.), high photostability, narrow emission bands, and modular structural variety. This review highlights accomplishments relevant to H<sub>2</sub>S detection using BODIPY-derived fluorescent probes. It pays particular attention to how organic changes dictate central photophysical phenomena leading to fluorescence ‘turn-on’, ‘turn-off’, or ‘ratiometric’ responses. Each infused probe's synthetic characteristics, targeting pathways, fluorescence imaging, and biological activity are described. Critically examined are the <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies, and also therapeutically relevant probe designs. This review aims to further rationalize the engineering of new BODIPY probes in studies and in translational imaging of H<sub>2</sub>S in live biological systems by integrating cross-disciplinary molecular engineering of the probes and biological outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":439,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Analytical Chemistry","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 118513"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118523
Hui Wang , Tiancong Xiu , Zhiqi Zheng , Wei Zhang , Wen Zhang , Ping Li , Bo Tang
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of global mortality, with challenges in both early diagnosis and mechanistic understanding. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other biomarkers are deeply involved in CVD progression, making them valuable targets for imaging-based detection. Fluorescent imaging offers high sensitivity, specificity, and real-time visualization, enabling early diagnosis and mechanistic insights. Compared to single-target probes, dual-target fluorescent probes require simultaneous recognition of two biomarkers, reducing off-target activation and improving diagnostic accuracy. This review summarizes recent advances in dual-target molecular and nanoscale fluorescent probes for CVDs. Probes are classified based on their molecular targets, with discussions on design principles, activation mechanisms, and biomedical applications. Finally, we highlight key trends and offer perspectives for future development and clinical translation of dual-target fluorescent probes.
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