Trends in Analytical Chemistry最新文献

英文中文

Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas-based electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection 基于CRISPR/ cas的病原体检测电化学生物传感器研究进展

IF 12 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Trends in Analytical Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118638

Jiuying Cui , Xueqing Cheng , Xinyan Guo , Dandan Li , Ziqi Xu , Wanqiang Qian , Zhaoyin Wang , Zhihui Dai

Pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses, remain major causes of infectious diseases and food-related illnesses. Traditional methods for pathogen detection are often constrained by lengthy processing times, cross-reactivity, and operational complexity. Electrochemical biosensors have emerged as a transformative approach, offering rapid, cost-effective, and highly accurate identification capabilities. In parallel, CRISPR/Cas systems, characterized by programmable nucleic acid recognition and nuclease activity, have demonstrated remarkable potential for pathogen detection, particularly when integrated with electrochemical biosensors. This review begins by classifying the biological targets of pathogens alongside their corresponding amplification strategies, and then examines the critical roles of CRISPR family members in target recognition and signal transduction. Furthermore, recent progress in CRISPR/Cas-based electrochemical platforms is highlighted, emphasizing improvements in sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency, aiming to inspire next-generation biosensors for advanced pathogen diagnostics.

病原微生物，包括细菌和病毒，仍然是传染病和与食物有关的疾病的主要原因。传统的病原体检测方法通常受到处理时间长、交叉反应性和操作复杂性的限制。电化学生物传感器已经成为一种变革性的方法，提供快速、经济、高度准确的识别能力。与此同时，CRISPR/Cas系统具有可编程核酸识别和核酸酶活性的特点，在病原体检测方面表现出了显着的潜力，特别是当与电化学生物传感器集成时。本文首先对病原体的生物学靶点及其相应的扩增策略进行了分类，然后探讨了CRISPR家族成员在靶点识别和信号转导中的关键作用。此外，重点介绍了基于CRISPR/ cas的电化学平台的最新进展，强调了灵敏度、特异性和效率的提高，旨在启发下一代生物传感器用于高级病原体诊断。

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引用次数: 0

Smart microfluidics-powered home-based diagnostics for one-health: From technologies to applications 智能微流体驱动的家庭诊断：从技术到应用

IF 12 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Trends in Analytical Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118633

Xiaowen Ou , Qize Zhou , Mudong Wu , Zeyu Miao , Yufei Zhang , Zuyi Li , Ying Zhang , Yiwei Li , Peng Chen , Bi-Feng Liu

The growing global burden of chronic diseases, persistent threats of infectious outbreaks, and the critical interconnections between human and environmental health under the One-Health paradigm create an urgent need for accessible, decentralized diagnostic solutions. This has catalyzed a paradigm shift from centralized laboratory testing to decentralized, home-based diagnostic systems. Microfluidic technology is at the forefront of this transformation, enabling miniaturized, automated, and highly efficient laboratory analyses. This review examines the evolution of microfluidic platforms compatible with home-based setting from instrument-dependent devices to fully instrument-free systems and their applications in immunoassays, molecular diagnostics, microbial detection, small molecule sensing, and hematological analysis. A key focus is placed on the role of converging technologies: artificial intelligence (AI) improves diagnostic accuracy through intelligent data interpretation and reduces user-dependent errors, while advanced wearable materials enable non-invasive, continuous biomarker monitoring in biofluids such as sweat, interstitial fluid, and breath. By addressing real-world challenges and integration pathways, this work aims to provide a problem-driven, engineering-informed, and translational perspective tailored to multi-disease and multi-scenario applications in decentralized healthcare.

慢性疾病的全球负担日益加重，传染病暴发的持续威胁，以及“一个健康”模式下人类健康与环境健康之间的关键相互联系，迫切需要可获得的、分散的诊断解决方案。这促进了从集中式实验室检测到分散的家庭诊断系统的范式转变。微流控技术处于这一转变的前沿，实现了小型化、自动化和高效的实验室分析。本文综述了与家庭环境兼容的微流控平台的发展，从依赖仪器的设备到完全无仪器的系统，以及它们在免疫测定、分子诊断、微生物检测、小分子传感和血液分析中的应用。重点放在融合技术的作用上：人工智能（AI）通过智能数据解释提高诊断准确性，减少用户依赖的错误，而先进的可穿戴材料可以在汗液、间质液和呼吸等生物流体中进行非侵入性、连续的生物标志物监测。通过解决现实世界的挑战和整合途径，这项工作旨在为分散医疗保健中的多疾病和多场景应用提供问题驱动、工程信息和转化视角。

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引用次数: 0

CRISPR-based versatile strategies for nucleic acid analysis and disease diagnosis: Mechanisms, modalities, and translational horizons 基于crispr的核酸分析和疾病诊断的通用策略：机制，模式和翻译视野

IF 12 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Trends in Analytical Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118639

Guolong Zhao , Jinze Li , Sinan Fu , Aoao Wang , Xiangdan Meng , Haifeng Dong , Xueji Zhang

CRISPR systems, originally developed as gene-editing tools, have received considerable attention as powerful platforms for nucleic acids analysis, showing high sensitivity, remarkable specificity, and flexible programmability. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in development of CRISPR-based analysis platforms for nucleic acid detection and disease diagnosis. Initially, the mechanisms of various Cas enzymes are discussed in detail, as well as highlights of the crRNA design principles, which define target specificity and discrimination capacity. Then, versatile CRISPR-based sensing systems combining with different signal output modalities including optical/electrochemical transduction and smartphone-based readouts are presented. Afterwards, we study the adaptation of CRISPR-based detection strategies to different biological environments, including intracellular/in vivo delivery approaches, and in vitro platforms applied to diverse body fluids and clinical samples. Finally, current bottlenecks of CRISPR in quantification, multiplexing and robustness are outlined, and future strategies by integrating CRISPR with microfluidics, artificial intelligence, and hybrid systems are discussed.

CRISPR系统最初是作为基因编辑工具而发展起来的，作为核酸分析的强大平台，它具有高灵敏度、显著的特异性和灵活的可编程性，受到了广泛的关注。本文综述了基于crispr的核酸检测和疾病诊断分析平台的最新进展。首先，详细讨论了各种Cas酶的作用机制，并重点介绍了crRNA的设计原则，这些原则定义了靶特异性和识别能力。然后，介绍了基于crispr的多功能传感系统，该系统结合了不同的信号输出方式，包括光学/电化学转导和基于智能手机的读出。随后，我们研究了基于crispr的检测策略对不同生物环境的适应性，包括细胞内/体内递送方法，以及适用于不同体液和临床样本的体外平台。最后，概述了目前CRISPR在量化、多路复用和鲁棒性方面的瓶颈，并讨论了CRISPR与微流体、人工智能和混合系统集成的未来策略。

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引用次数: 0

Technologies and opportunities in cell-free RNA analysis for clinical diagnostics 临床诊断中无细胞RNA分析的技术和机遇

IF 12 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Trends in Analytical Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118640

Linyi Deng , Da Han

Cell-free RNA (cfRNA) circulating in biofluids comprises RNA molecules originating from diverse tissues and cell types, providing a dynamic and real-time snapshot of the body that can be harnessed for early disease detection, differential diagnosis, and longitudinal monitoring. Nevertheless, clinical translation of cfRNA analysis is hindered by pronounced variability arising from diverse pre-analytical conditions, as well as the immaturity and limited standardization of subsequent analytical pipelines. Recent advances in sequencing technologies, together with optimized library preparation protocols and computational frameworks, have substantially improved the sensitivity, reproducibility, and interpretability of cfRNA profiling, thereby paving the way for its broader diagnostic and biomedical applications. In this Review, we highlight the critical impact of pre-analytical workflows on cfRNA studies, provide a summary of current technologies from low-plex assays to high-throughput sequencing, explore the promising potential of cfRNA in clinical applications, and conclude with a discussion of current challenges and future directions.

在生物体液中循环的无细胞RNA （cfRNA）包括来自不同组织和细胞类型的RNA分子，提供了身体的动态和实时快照，可用于早期疾病检测、鉴别诊断和纵向监测。然而，cfRNA分析的临床翻译受到不同分析前条件引起的显著变异性以及后续分析管道的不成熟和有限标准化的阻碍。测序技术的最新进展，以及优化的文库制备方案和计算框架，极大地提高了cfRNA分析的灵敏度、可重复性和可解释性，从而为其更广泛的诊断和生物医学应用铺平了道路。在这篇综述中，我们强调了分析前工作流程对cfRNA研究的关键影响，总结了从低复杂度分析到高通量测序的当前技术，探讨了cfRNA在临床应用中的潜力，并讨论了当前的挑战和未来的方向。

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引用次数: 0

Selective enrichment for sensitivity enhancement in nanocomposite functionalized fiber-optic biosensors 选择性富集增强纳米复合功能化光纤生物传感器的灵敏度

IF 12 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Trends in Analytical Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118635

Qian Zhang , Jin Li , Yuanman Yue , Naimov Alisher

Nanocomposites functionalized fiber-optic biosensors achieve highly sensitive and selective detection of biological and chemical substances by integrating the unique optical, electrical, and magnetic properties of nanomaterials with the optical fiber structure. The working mechanisms have been systematically reviewed, focusing particularly on the functionalization strategies for the optical fiber surface and the underlying physical and chemical mechanisms in improving sensing performance. After the introduction of nanomaterials, the sensor can significantly enhance the interaction between light and matter through new effects such as surface plasmon resonance, local field enhancement and fluorescence energy transfer. In addition, by introducing specific recognition elements into the functional layer, the sensor can selectively capture target molecules. This paper also discusses the practical application of such sensors in the fields of biomarker detection, food safety analysis and environmental pollutant monitoring. Finally, the current technical challenges are summarized and the future development is prospected.

纳米复合功能化光纤生物传感器将纳米材料独特的光、电、磁特性与光纤结构相结合，实现了对生物和化学物质的高灵敏度和选择性检测。系统地综述了光纤传感的工作机制，重点介绍了光纤表面的功能化策略和提高传感性能的潜在物理和化学机制。引入纳米材料后，传感器可以通过表面等离子体共振、局部场增强和荧光能量转移等新效应，显著增强光与物质之间的相互作用。此外，通过在功能层中引入特定的识别元素，传感器可以选择性地捕获目标分子。本文还讨论了此类传感器在生物标志物检测、食品安全分析和环境污染物监测等领域的实际应用。最后，总结了当前面临的技术挑战，并对未来的发展进行了展望。

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引用次数: 0

Recent developments of ECL mechanisms study and their applications ECL机制研究的最新进展及其应用

IF 12 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Trends in Analytical Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118636

Yifan Dong , Zehang You , Chen Chen , Ranqing Jiang , Hanfei Liu , Mengyi Zheng , Yuanhua Shao

This review briefly summarizes the latest progress in investigation of mechanism for electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and its application in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis. First, some core techniques for ECL mechanism elucidation are introduced. Electrochemistry-mass spectrometry (EC-MS) enables real-time capture of short-lived intermediates (e.g., TPrA·⁺, luminol radical anions), validating reaction pathways from speculation to empirical evidence; spectroscopic/imaging methods reveal multi-dimensional information on ECL excited-state characteristics, kinetic processes, and spatial distribution; other techniques such as scanning probe microscopy and theoretical simulation complement the characterization of interfacial reactions and molecular-level mechanisms. Subsequently, focusing on AMI diagnosis, the review highlights translational value driven by ECL mechanism research: ultra-sensitive detection of biomarkers (cTnI, h-FABP) with detection limits as low as 0.11 fg/mL, enabled by co-reactant-intermediate regulation; multi-marker joint detection (cTnI, h-FABP, copeptin) via spectral/potential resolution, improving diagnostic accuracy for clinical serum samples; development of portable point-of-care testing (POCT) devices with shortened detection times, enabled by insights into nano-interface mass transfer mechanisms; enhanced clinical application efficacy, as these diagnostic advantages stem directly from in-depth ECL mechanism research. Finally, challenges and future directions are discussed, aiming to promote application of ECL in precision medicine.

本文就电化学发光（ECL）机制的研究进展及其在急性心肌梗死（AMI）诊断中的应用作一综述。首先，介绍了ECL机制解析的一些核心技术。电化学-质谱（EC-MS）能够实时捕获短寿命中间体（例如，TPrA·+，鲁米诺自由基阴离子），验证从推测到经验证据的反应途径；光谱/成像方法揭示了ECL激发态特征、动力学过程和空间分布的多维信息；其他技术，如扫描探针显微镜和理论模拟，补充了界面反应和分子水平机制的表征。随后，重点关注AMI诊断，综述强调了ECL机制研究驱动的转化价值：通过共反应-中间体调节，超灵敏检测生物标志物（cTnI, h-FABP），检出限低至0.11 fg/mL；多标志物联合检测（cTnI, h-FABP, copeptin）通过光谱/电位分辨率，提高临床血清样品的诊断准确性；开发便携式点护理测试（POCT）设备，缩短检测时间，使纳米界面传质机制的见解成为可能；这些诊断优势直接来源于ECL机制的深入研究。最后，对ECL在精准医疗领域的应用前景进行了展望。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular diagnosis and interventions for spinal cord injury 脊髓损伤的分子诊断与干预

IF 12 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Trends in Analytical Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118634

Yili Wang , Chenxi Li , Hongli Yu , Hao Wang , Xiao-Dong Zhang

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating central nervous system disorder that disrupts the structural integrity of the spinal cord, causing motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction and often leading to permanent paralysis. Timely and accurate diagnosis is essential for individualized treatment planning and precise prognostic assessment. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics, particularly biomarker-based technologies, offer valuable insights into pathological processes and outcome prediction. Parallel progress in molecular therapeutics, including gene therapy, stem cell-based strategies, and biologic interventions, shows promise in limiting secondary damage, promoting neural repair, and reducing disability. This review highlights these advances and explores their translational potential, emphasizing the integration of precision diagnostics with targeted therapies to drive more effective and personalized SCI management.

脊髓损伤（SCI）是一种破坏性的中枢神经系统疾病，它破坏了脊髓的结构完整性，引起运动、感觉和自主神经功能障碍，并经常导致永久性瘫痪。及时准确的诊断对于个体化治疗计划和精确的预后评估至关重要。分子诊断的最新进展，特别是基于生物标志物的技术，为病理过程和结果预测提供了有价值的见解。分子治疗的平行进展，包括基因治疗、基于干细胞的策略和生物干预，在限制继发性损伤、促进神经修复和减少残疾方面显示出希望。这篇综述强调了这些进展，并探讨了它们的转化潜力，强调了精确诊断与靶向治疗的结合，以推动更有效和个性化的SCI管理。

引用次数: 0

TMB-mediated catalytic SERS systems: Applications, innovations, and future prospects tmb介导的催化SERS系统：应用、创新和未来展望

IF 12 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Trends in Analytical Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118632

Yutong Wang , Sihang Zhang , Qingchun Yin , Jing Wei , Jiawei Liu , Long Wu

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique offering simplicity, ultra-high sensitivity, molecular fingerprint specificity, and rapid detection. The development of Raman probes is crucial for advancing SERS performance. Notably, 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), a widely used chromogenic substrate, possesses distinct redox, electrochemical properties and spectroscopic properties. The oxidized forms of TMB (ox-TMB) act as SERS probes, enabling sensitive and reliable SERS detection. Integration of TMB-SERS with other analytical techniques allows multimodal sensing, improving detection accuracy in applications such as disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food safety. Although TMB has been mentioned in reviews on SERS substrates, probes, nanozyme-assisted SERS, and catalytic sensing, a comprehensive, substrate-focused review of TMB-mediated catalytic SERS is still lacking. This review systematically summarizes the chemical and redox properties of TMB, clarifies the mechanism of Raman activation, and highlights key applications. Design principles, current challenges, and future directions for TMB-mediated SERS systems.

表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）是一种功能强大的分析技术，具有简单、超高灵敏度、分子指纹特异性和快速检测等特点。拉曼探针的发展对提高SERS性能至关重要。值得注意的是，3,3 ',5,5 ' -四甲基联苯胺（TMB）是一种广泛使用的显色底物，具有独特的氧化还原、电化学和光谱性质。氧化形式的TMB （ox-TMB）作为SERS探针，实现灵敏可靠的SERS检测。TMB-SERS与其他分析技术的集成允许多模态传感，提高疾病诊断，环境监测和食品安全等应用的检测准确性。尽管TMB在SERS底物、探针、纳米酶辅助SERS和催化传感等方面的综述中都有提到，但对TMB介导的催化SERS的全面、以底物为中心的综述仍然缺乏。本文系统综述了TMB的化学性质和氧化还原性质，阐明了其拉曼活化的机理，并重点介绍了其应用前景。tmb介导的SERS系统的设计原则、当前挑战和未来方向。

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引用次数: 0

Near-infrared spectroscopy for energetic materials: Instruments, chemometrics, and process analytics (2001–2025) 含能材料的近红外光谱：仪器、化学计量学和过程分析（2001-2025）

IF 12 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Trends in Analytical Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118631

Dexiang Wang , Tianlong Zhang , Kewei Ding , Hongsheng Tang , Hua Li

Energetic materials (EMs) require analytical methods that are rapid, non-destructive, and capable of real-time monitoring—capabilities frequently lacking in classical techniques. Through a structured literature survey (2001–2025), this review demonstrates that Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) coupled with advanced chemometrics has emerged as a powerful tool to overcome these limitations. This review highlights pivotal applications in qualitative analysis for rapid identification of EMs and their precursors; in quantitative analysis, where high-precision determination of component concentrations and critical physicochemical properties is enabled; and in process analysis, where real-time monitoring of manufacturing steps is realized. These applications contribute to enhanced safety, quality control, and production efficiency. The realization of such diverse applications relies on a synergistic workflow combining advanced instrumentation with robust chemometric strategies. Finally, persistent challenges (such as complex matrices and model robustness) are addressed, and emerging trends are highlighted, including AI-driven data processing, multimodal sensor fusion, and digital-twin-enabled process optimization.

含能材料（em）需要快速、非破坏性和能够实时监测的分析方法，这是传统技术经常缺乏的能力。通过结构化的文献调查（2001-2025），本综述表明，近红外光谱（NIRS）与先进的化学计量学相结合已成为克服这些局限性的有力工具。本文综述了在定性分析中的关键应用，以快速鉴定EMs及其前体；在定量分析中，可以对成分浓度和关键理化性质进行高精度测定；在过程分析中，实现了对制造环节的实时监控。这些应用有助于提高安全性、质量控制和生产效率。实现这种多样化的应用依赖于将先进仪器与稳健的化学计量策略相结合的协同工作流程。最后，解决了持续存在的挑战（如复杂矩阵和模型鲁棒性），并强调了新兴趋势，包括人工智能驱动的数据处理、多模态传感器融合和数字孪生支持的流程优化。

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引用次数: 0

Recent progress in CRISPR-based paper sensors for nucleic acid detection 基于crispr的核酸检测纸传感器研究进展

IF 12 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Trends in Analytical Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118628

Yuqing Liu , Zunzhong Ye , Rui Wang , Yuxiang Pan , Jianfeng Ping , Yibin Ying , Cui Wu

CRISPR/Cas-based biosensors have emerged as powerful tools for nucleic acid detection owing to high specificity and signal amplification. Paper-based analysis, valued for simplicity, low cost and portability, provide attractive substrates for translating CRISPR assays into POCT. This review summarizes advances in CRISPR-based paper sensors for nucleic acid detection, with emphasis on two aspects: (i) signal output strategies, including fluorescence, colorimetric, electrochemical, SERS, and dual-mode readouts that provide cross-verified results; and (ii) platform architectures, focusing on LFAs and microfluidic analytical devices, which are among the most practically promising formats for CRISPR-based paper diagnostics. We also highlight functional enhancement technologies, such as hydrogel integration to improve reagent stability and reaction robustness, and deep learning-assisted analysis to enable objective, user-independent interpretation and automation of readouts. Overall, advancing CRISPR-based paper sensors toward fully integrated workflows, amplification-free operation, multiple-target capability, and industrialization-ready development may improve practicality and robustness, supporting broader translation for POCT and field deployment.

基于CRISPR/ cas的生物传感器由于其高特异性和信号放大能力，已成为核酸检测的有力工具。基于纸张的分析因其简单、低成本和便携性而受到重视，为将CRISPR分析转化为POCT提供了有吸引力的基础。本文综述了基于crispr的核酸检测纸传感器的研究进展，重点介绍了两个方面：(1)信号输出策略，包括荧光、比色、电化学、SERS和双模式读出，提供交叉验证的结果；（ii）平台架构，专注于lfa和微流控分析设备，这是基于crispr的纸质诊断中最有前途的格式之一。我们还重点介绍了功能增强技术，例如水凝胶集成，以提高试剂稳定性和反应鲁棒性，以及深度学习辅助分析，以实现客观，用户独立的解释和读数自动化。总的来说，将基于crispr的纸张传感器推进到完全集成的工作流程、无放大操作、多靶点能力和工业化准备开发，可能会提高实用性和稳健性，支持更广泛的POCT转化和现场部署。

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