Trends in Analytical Chemistry最新文献

This review presents an overview of the recent advancements in microextraction techniques for pesticide residues analysis in fruit juices, focusing on the period from 2014 to 2024. Research articles were screened through the Scopus database using pesticides, juice, and microextraction as keywords. Emphasis is devoted to newly introduced solid supports and advanced materials employed in both micro solid-phase and liquid-phase extraction techniques. By evaluating various representative studies, the review highlights the synthesis of novel sorbent materials and their application efficiency. Additionally, the Blue Applicability Grade Index is utilized to assess the practicality and effectiveness of each microextraction technique, identifying both their strengths and weaknesses. The review aims to guide future research directions in the development of more efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly microextraction methods for pesticide residues analysis in juices.

The role of compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) in environmental research has been proven over the last few decades. Despite advances in analytical methods and instrumentation, applying CSIA to low-concentration environmental contaminants, especially at the field scale, remains limited. In this perspective paper, we argue that this limitation stems from underdeveloped sample preparation techniques, particularly the lack of required selectivity. Drawing from an extensive review of nearly 600 CSIA studies on contaminants, we (i) analyze methodologies' distribution and dedication to field studies, discussing their connection with the maturity of suitable sample preparation techniques. Additionally, we (ii) examine general trends in sorbent phase technologies, assessing their adequacy to meet CSIA's targeted nature and applicability to micropollutants. In advocating for a paradigm shift, we (iii) emphasize the need to adapt future CSIA development strategies in light of past and current innovations.

Cryogels are three-dimensional porous materials created by polymerizing water-soluble monomers and crosslinkers at sub-zero temperatures. Cryogel-based sorbents, with their distinct physical and chemical characteristics such as superporosity, elasticity, water permeability, and ease of chemical modification, hold promise in revolutionizing sample preparation across diverse applications. This review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the materials used and synthesis methods, encompassing free radical polymerization, irradiation polymerization, condensation polymerization, and self-assembly gel formation. Moreover, it covers characterization methods such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen porosimetry, swelling and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the review highlights the advantages of cryogels over other conventional sorbents, emphasizing their remarkable extraction efficiency and selectivity when applied to various real samples, including foods, environmental and biological samples. The review also delves into recent advancements in the utilization of cryogels as sorbents in diverse solid-based extraction procedures, addressing current obstacles in this research domain and offering insights into future prospects.

Developing accurate and reliable new models that can better predict clinical outcomes has become an urgent need to drive drug development due to the limited predictability of traditional models for human responses. Organ-on-a-chip can mimic the structure, function and microenvironment of human tissues and organs, showing tremendous potential for drug discovery and development. In this review, we focused on the advancement of organ-on-a-chip platform in pharmacological analysis and summarized from three aspects, including the overall strategy of model design, the integration of advanced technologies and research algorithms, and the extensive applications in drug discovery, drug screening, drug efficacy and safety evaluate, and precision medicine. We hope that this review provides new insights into key pathological mechanisms revealed, therapeutic biomarkers and targets found, more accurate prediction of drug action in the human body, and accelerated drug development process.

Exposure to organic compounds during early-life stages can disrupt human development and increase susceptibility to adverse health outcomes later in life. Despite evidence of these impacts, research has primarily focused on targeted analyses, missing the complex nature of early-life exposures. Comprehensive approaches are needed to better characterize these complex mixtures. Recent advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry and computational science have enabled the comprehensive analysis of numerous chemicals through wide-scope screening approaches, yet their application in early-life exposome studies is still limited. This review critically examines studies from the past decade using wide-scope screening to investigate the early-life chemical exposome, emphasizing organic compounds. It evaluates each step of the analytical workflow, including sample collection, preparation, analysis, and data processing, and concludes with recommendations for future research to improve understanding of the early-life chemical exposome and its health implications.

The fusion of Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA) and the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats–CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) stands at the cutting edge of molecular diagnostics, offering a potent tool for the targeted investigation of genetic material. RCA, known for its robust isothermal amplification capabilities, enables the exponential replication of circular nucleic acid templates. The integration of RCA with CRISPR-Cas technologies has paved the way for innovative diagnostic strategies that boast remarkable specificity and sensitivity in the detection of nucleic acid sequences. This review outlines the fundamental aspects of RCA, including its underlying principles, the diversity of its methodologies, and its variants. We provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the design, development, and practical application of RCA biosensors that employ the CRISPR/Cas system for enhanced biosensing capabilities. The review further explores the broad potential of RCA in applications beyond traditional biological targets, such as protein and biomarker detection. We conclude with an analytical discussion on the present challenges and outlook of RCA-CRISPR/Cas-based diagnostics, underscoring the transformative impact of these technologies on the various fields of molecular diagnostics.

In response to growing concerns about environmental degradation, one of the main areas of research activity in recent years has been to make sample preparation methods more sustainable and eco-friendly. The increasing greenness of this step can be achieved by minimizing the usage of reagents, automating individual stages, saving energy and time, and using non-toxic, biodegradable substances. Therefore, the use of natural materials as sorbents in miniaturized extraction techniques is becoming a main trend. One of the natural material that is increasingly being used, not only due to eco-friendly nature but also because of their easy applicability to various sample preparation techniques, is alginate hydrogel. Following this trend, this review discusses the recent application of alginate-based sorbents in various microextraction techniques, focusing on functionalization approaches that enhance extraction performance. Additionally, the green profile of alginate-based sorbent microextraction approaches, along with the sorbent synthesis, were investigated.

Existing regulatory frameworks often prove inadequate in identifying contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and determining their impacts on biological systems at an early stage. The establishment of Early Warning Systems (EWSs) for CECs is becoming increasingly relevant for policy-making, aiming to proactively detect chemical hazards and implement effective mitigation measures. Effect-based methodologies, including bioassays and effect-directed analysis (EDA), offer valuable input to EWSs with a view to pinpointing the relevant toxicity drivers and prioritizing the associated risks. This review evaluates the analytical techniques currently available to assess biological effects, and provides a structured plan for their systematic integration into an EWS for hazardous chemicals in the environment. Key scientific advancements in effect-based approaches and EDA are discussed, underscoring their potential for early detection and management of chemical hazards. Additionally, critical challenges such as data integration and regulatory alignment are addressed, emphasizing the need for continuous improvement of the EWS and the incorporation of analytical advancements to safeguard environmental and public health from emerging chemical threats.

Adductomics, an emerging field within the ‘omics sciences, focuses on the formation and prevalence of DNA, RNA, and protein adducts induced by endogenous and exogenous agents in biological systems. These modifications often result from exposure to environmental pollutants, dietary components, and xenobiotics, impacting cellular functions and potentially leading to diseases such as cancer. This review highlights advances in mass spectrometry (MS) that enhance the detection of these critical modifications and discusses current and emerging trends in adductomics, including developments in MS instrument use, screening techniques, and the study of various biomolecular modifications from mono-adducts to complex hybrid crosslinks between different types of biomolecules. The review also considers challenges, including the need for specialized MS spectra databases and multi-omics integration, while emphasizing techniques to distinguish between exogenous and endogenous modifications. The future of adductomics possesses significant potential for enhancing our understanding of health in relation to environmental exposures and precision medicine.

Excess ammonia (NH₃) in human exhaled breath serves as a biomarker for renal disease and helicobacter pylori-related gastropathy. A highly sensitive and selective ammonia sensor enables early non-invasive diagnosis of such diseases. Herein, lithium-doped ZnO nanoparticles with varying doping content (1, 5, 10-wt%) were synthesized by reflux method which can detect trace ammonia very efficiently. Specially, the sensor with 5-wt % lithium-doped ZnO (LZ-5) demonstrates remarkable selective sensitivity (43 %) to 1 ppm ammonia, paired with ultrafast response(0.72s)/recovery(1s), stability, and resilience against moisture. Comprehensive structural, morphological, and chemical characterization indicates that significant enhancement in gas sensing of LZ-5 due to increased surface area, elevated oxygen defects and higher donor defects. Density functional theory reveals that Li-doping notably decrease the adsorption energy, thereby improving the ammonia sensing performance. The efficacy of the LZ-5 sensor was evaluated using both real and simulated breath demonstrating its potential for monitoring renal diseases.