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A Preliminary Set of Principles to Support Learning in the Context of Generative AI 生成式人工智能背景下支持学习的一套初步原则
IF 2.9 3区 教育学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01413
Melanie M. Cooper*, 

Generative AI chatbots are now widely available, and increasing numbers of students use them. Despite hyperbolic claims, there is little objective evidence of the efficacy of such systems for teaching and learning. Early findings suggest that the use of AI chatbots without guidance or guardrails negatively affects student learning. Using what evidence we do have together with our current understanding of how people learn, I lay out a set of tentative principles for using generative AI to support learning and instruction Given the overarching assumption that learning requires effort and engagement which can easily be bypassed using AI, I propose four practical principles to guide faculty as they maneuver through this new era. (1) Design AI teaching and learning systems to support self-regulated learning. (2) Develop a course structure and culture that rewards the learning journey. (3) Take advantages of the affordances of AI to extend what students know and can do. And (4) develop clear and equitable policies for the use of AI. These principles are predicated on the idea that typical traditional courses (where emphasizing facts and algorithmic problem solving are emphasized) will become obsolete as these tasks are easily (and perhaps better) carried out by AI bots. It will become increasingly important for students to understand how they learn, what they can do with their knowledge, and how to solve complex problems that have societal and economic value.

生成式人工智能聊天机器人现在广泛使用,越来越多的学生使用它们。尽管有一些夸张的说法,但几乎没有客观证据表明这种教学系统的有效性。早期的研究结果表明,在没有指导或护栏的情况下使用人工智能聊天机器人会对学生的学习产生负面影响。根据我们现有的证据以及我们目前对人们如何学习的理解,我列出了一套使用生成式人工智能来支持学习和教学的初步原则。鉴于学习需要努力和参与的总体假设,而人工智能很容易绕过这一假设,我提出了四个实用原则,以指导教师在这个新时代的行动。(1)设计AI教与学系统,支持自主学习。(2)建立一种奖励学习过程的课程结构和文化。(3)利用人工智能的能力扩展学生的知识和能力。(4)为人工智能的使用制定明确和公平的政策。这些原则基于这样一种理念,即典型的传统课程(强调事实和算法解决问题)将变得过时,因为这些任务很容易(也许更好)由人工智能机器人执行。对于学生来说,了解他们是如何学习的,他们可以用他们的知识做什么,以及如何解决具有社会和经济价值的复杂问题,将变得越来越重要。
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引用次数: 0
Mixed Oxides of Nitrogen: A Multicolored Cryogenic Demonstration 混合氮氧化物:多色低温演示
IF 2.9 3区 教育学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01388
Thomas S. Kuntzleman*, , , Dean J. Campbell, , and , Joshua B. Kenney, 

The mixed oxides of nitrogen (MON) are commonly referred to in general and high school chemistry curricula. We demonstrate here how to synthesize crystals of MON using a procedure that involves nothing more than immersing burning sparklers in liquid nitrogen. The demonstration displays results that are visually striking, unexpected, and colorful. It can be used to connect to a large number of topics, including measurement, the mole concept, chemical nomenclature, phase changes, chemical reactions, chemical thermodynamics, and environmental chemistry.

混合氮氧化物(MON)通常在普通化学和高中化学课程中被提及。我们在这里演示了如何使用一个过程来合成单晶硅晶体,该过程只涉及将燃烧的火花浸入液氮中。演示显示的结果在视觉上是惊人的,意想不到的,丰富多彩的。它可以用来连接大量的主题,包括测量、摩尔概念、化学命名法、相变、化学反应、化学热力学和环境化学。
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引用次数: 0
Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia: A Hands-on Experiment of Performance Evaluation for Undergraduates 电催化硝酸还原制氨:大学生性能评价的动手实验
IF 2.9 3区 教育学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c00765
Lizhi Sun,  and , Ben Liu*, 

In the context of rapid advancements in scientific research, integrating the latest research findings into university chemistry laboratory courses through the design of new experiments is essential for enhancing the value of undergraduate curricula. This paper presents an experimental design based on research findings in the field of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction (eNO3RR) for ammonia production, aimed at enhancing undergraduate students’ experimental skills, scientific analytical abilities, and awareness of “green chemistry.” The experimental design covers the interpretation of eNO3RR mechanism, the preparation and crystal structure analysis of electrocatalysts, the evaluation of eNO3RR performance, and data processing and analysis. This experimental course not only includes the teaching content from disciplines such as physical, inorganic, and material chemistry but also conveys the cutting-edge concepts related to sustainable energy technology, which helps stimulate students’ interest in scientific research.

在科学研究快速发展的背景下,通过设计新的实验,将最新的研究成果融入到大学化学实验课程中,是提高本科课程价值的必要条件。本文基于电催化硝酸还原制氨(eNO3RR)领域的研究成果,提出了一种实验设计方案,旨在提高本科生的实验技能、科学分析能力和“绿色化学”意识。实验设计包括eNO3RR机理解释、电催化剂制备及晶体结构分析、eNO3RR性能评价、数据处理分析等内容。本实验课既包含物理、无机、材料化学等学科的教学内容,又传达了与可持续能源技术相关的前沿概念,有助于激发学生的科研兴趣。
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引用次数: 0
Innovation and Practice Research Examining the Teaching Model of a Pharmaceutics Course Under the Background of Industry–Education Integration 产教融合背景下药学课程教学模式的创新与实践研究
IF 2.9 3区 教育学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c00658
Jing-xin Sun, , , Xiong-jie Yin, , , Chang-hao Zhang, , , Xue-jun Jin*, , , Ming-guan Piao, , , Jian-peng Guo, , , Yong Jin, , , Li-li Jin*, , and , Ji-shan Quan*, 

With economic transformation and the growing need for diverse talent, the limitations of conventional education models have become increasingly apparent, making industry–educational integration a crucial direction for educational reform. Pharmaceutics, a chemical-rooted comprehensive applied technology, is a core course in pharmaceutical education and a significant extension of chemical education to the pharmaceutical field. This study explores the reform path of the pharmaceutics course under the industry–education integration framework. In the reform content, a “three-in-one joint education with four-chain connection” course model was built. It encompasses the cutting-edge teaching concept of “learning as the foundation, research as the source of innovation, and industry as the provider of quality medications”; a trinitarian course content system of “knowledge–ability–application”; and a “4 + 3 + 3” curriculum teaching evaluation system. Meanwhile, industry resources were harnessed to enhance the teaching environment and broaden the course resources, offering students a wealth of learning scenarios. Postreform achievements are remarkable: students’ practical skills and innovation awareness have significantly improved, and the course’s exemplary role is progressively emerging. This study offers a replicable and scalable model for industry–education integration in pharmaceutics courses, enriches the theoretical framework for applied pharmaceutical talent cultivation in higher education, and holds a positive significance for aligning higher education with industrial development.

随着经济转型和对多元化人才的需求日益增长,传统教育模式的局限性日益显现,产学融合成为教育改革的重要方向。药剂学是一门以化学为基础的综合性应用技术,是药学教育的核心课程,是化学教育向药学领域的重要延伸。本研究探索了产教融合框架下药学课程的改革路径。在改革内容上,构建了“三位一体、四链衔接”的课程模式。秉承“以学习为基础、以研究为创新之源、以产业为优质药品提供者”的前沿教学理念;“知识-能力-应用”三位一体的课程内容体系并建立了“4 + 3 + 3”课程教学评价体系。同时,利用行业资源,改善教学环境,拓宽课程资源,为学生提供丰富的学习场景。教学后成效显著,学生的实践能力和创新意识明显提高,课程的示范作用逐步显现。本研究为药剂学课程产教融合提供了可复制、可扩展的模式,丰富了高等教育应用型药学人才培养的理论框架,对高等教育与产业发展对接具有积极意义。
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引用次数: 0
Implementing N-Doped Carbon Quantum Dot Fluorescence Spectrometry as a Modern Alternative to 1,10-Phenanthroline Spectrophotometry for Iron Determination in Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratory Experiments 实现氮掺杂碳量子点荧光光谱法作为1,10-菲罗啉分光光度法测定铁的现代替代品在本科化学实验室实验
IF 2.9 3区 教育学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c00384
Ting Shi, , , Jiemei Wang, , , Shu Wang, , , Jingxun Wang, , , Yulin Yang, , , Pengjing Yuan, , , Dong Zhang, , , Lian Duan*, , , Yue Sun*, , , Shuwei Chen*, , and , Xu Wu*, 

Carbon quantum dots have been progressively incorporated into secondary and tertiary curricula in various forms and have been established as a prominent nanomaterial through which students can explore advanced scientific concepts. In this study, students synthesized nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots using 4-aminosalicylic acid and glycine. Data analysis was conducted using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer and a fluorescence spectrometer facilitated by computer processing. This experiment was successfully conducted in two undergraduate classes at the Taiyuan University of Technology and yielded excellent outcomes. The results demonstrated that, compared with the traditional 1,10-phenanthroline spectrophotometric method, this method facilitates a safer and more convenient measurement of iron ions, thus enhancing students’ spectral analysis skills. Furthermore, this improved experiment serves as a gateway for students into the microscopic world, fostering an understanding of nanomaterials and related concepts such as detection limits and quantum yield.

碳量子点已以各种形式逐步纳入中学和大学课程,并已成为学生探索先进科学概念的重要纳米材料。在本研究中,学生利用4-氨基水杨酸和甘氨酸合成了氮掺杂碳量子点。用紫外分光光度计和荧光光谱仪进行数据分析,并辅以计算机处理。该实验在太原理工大学的两个本科班级中成功进行,并取得了良好的效果。结果表明,与传统的1,10-菲罗啉分光光度法相比,该方法更安全,更方便地测量铁离子,从而提高学生的光谱分析能力。此外,这个改进的实验为学生进入微观世界提供了一个门户,促进了对纳米材料和相关概念的理解,如检测限和量子产率。
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引用次数: 0
Nano-Gold Desert Roses: An Engaging Dive into Nanostructure Wonders for Undergraduate and Graduate Students 纳米金沙漠玫瑰:为本科生和研究生提供纳米结构奇迹的迷人潜水
IF 2.9 3区 教育学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01047
Julie Brunel, , , Ludmila Goetz, , , Laurent Bernaud, , , Yaovi Holade, , and , Jean-Sébastien Filhol*, 

We present an accessible and practical demonstration platform for undergraduate and graduate chemistry students, designed to facilitate the synthesis of gold nanoparticles with various shapes and to explore their remarkable structural, optical, and catalytic properties. Specifically, we demonstrate the rapid and straightforward creation of diverse supported and unsupported gold nanostructures, such as nanoflowers, nanoroses, nanocauliflowers, nanopillars, and even fractal formations, achieved simply by adding halides and/or a carbon paper support to an aqueous solution of gold(III). The fractal morphologies can be observed with the naked eye and under a standard microscope, while detailed examinations of the different nanostructures are accomplished using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The synthesized free nanostructures form colloidal solutions that display classical nanoparticle properties, including plasmonic colors, and also exhibit remarkable dichroic properties. When these nanostructures are dispersed in a polymer, they create a dichroic glass material with properties akin to the renowned Lycurgus Cup, with a distinctive blue-to-brown color change with light orientation. Additionally, the supported gold nanoroses serve to demonstrate electrochemical setups, such as lead underpotential deposition (UPD), which reveals surface types on the nanostructures, or glucose electrocatalysis: these gold nanostructures are shown to be efficient electrocatalysts for glucose electrochemical oxidation.

我们为本科和研究生化学专业的学生提供了一个方便和实用的演示平台,旨在促进各种形状的金纳米颗粒的合成,并探索其卓越的结构,光学和催化性能。具体来说,我们展示了快速和直接地创建各种支持和不支持的金纳米结构,如纳米花,纳米玫瑰,纳米花,纳米柱,甚至分形结构,只需通过在金的水溶液中添加卤化物和/或碳纸载体即可实现(III)。分形形态可以用肉眼和标准显微镜观察到,而不同纳米结构的详细检查是用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)完成的。合成的自由纳米结构形成胶体溶液,显示出经典的纳米粒子特性,包括等离子体颜色,也表现出显着的二色性。当这些纳米结构分散在聚合物中时,就会产生一种二向色玻璃材料,其特性与著名的莱库格斯杯类似,随着光照方向的变化,颜色会呈现出独特的蓝棕色。此外,支撑的金纳米结构用于演示电化学设置,例如铅欠电位沉积(UPD),它揭示了纳米结构的表面类型,或者葡萄糖电催化:这些金纳米结构被证明是葡萄糖电化学氧化的有效电催化剂。
{"title":"Nano-Gold Desert Roses: An Engaging Dive into Nanostructure Wonders for Undergraduate and Graduate Students","authors":"Julie Brunel,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ludmila Goetz,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Laurent Bernaud,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yaovi Holade,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Jean-Sébastien Filhol*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01047","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We present an accessible and practical demonstration platform for undergraduate and graduate chemistry students, designed to facilitate the synthesis of gold nanoparticles with various shapes and to explore their remarkable structural, optical, and catalytic properties. Specifically, we demonstrate the rapid and straightforward creation of diverse supported and unsupported gold nanostructures, such as nanoflowers, nanoroses, nanocauliflowers, nanopillars, and even fractal formations, achieved simply by adding halides and/or a carbon paper support to an aqueous solution of gold(III). The fractal morphologies can be observed with the naked eye and under a standard microscope, while detailed examinations of the different nanostructures are accomplished using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The synthesized free nanostructures form colloidal solutions that display classical nanoparticle properties, including plasmonic colors, and also exhibit remarkable dichroic properties. When these nanostructures are dispersed in a polymer, they create a dichroic glass material with properties akin to the renowned Lycurgus Cup, with a distinctive blue-to-brown color change with light orientation. Additionally, the supported gold nanoroses serve to demonstrate electrochemical setups, such as lead underpotential deposition (UPD), which reveals surface types on the nanostructures, or glucose electrocatalysis: these gold nanostructures are shown to be efficient electrocatalysts for glucose electrochemical oxidation.</p>","PeriodicalId":43,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Education","volume":"103 1","pages":"561–568"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Teaching Acyclic Conformational Preferences with Density Functional Theory Calculations and Natural Bond Orbital Analysis: An Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Laboratory Module 用密度泛函理论计算和自然键轨道分析教学非环构象偏好:本科有机化学实验模块
IF 2.9 3区 教育学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01024
Rongxiu Zhu*, , , Jinxin Guo, , , Yang Xu, , , Zhenghu Xu*, , and , Dongju Zhang, 

Conformational analysis is a foundational yet conceptually challenging topic in organic chemistry education, critical for understanding molecular structure, stereochemistry, and noncovalent interactions. This laboratory module guides undergraduate students in conformational analysis of ethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and 1,2-difluoroethane using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Through potential energy surface (PES) scans, molecular orbital visualization, and second-order perturbation theory analysis in NBO, students investigate stereoelectronic factors such as hyperconjugation, while also considering the role of steric repulsion in conformational preferences. These activities promote the development of skills in constructing and interpreting energy profiles, analyzing orbital interactions, and reasoning about electronic and steric contributions to molecular stability. Pre- and postlaboratory assessments, along with student surveys, revealed substantial gains in conceptual understanding, computational proficiency, and representational competence. Students also expressed increased confidence and interest in applying computational tools to a broader range of chemical problems. The flexible and scalable design of this module offers a practical framework for integrating modern computational methods into undergraduate organic chemistry instruction.

构象分析是有机化学教育中一个基础但概念上具有挑战性的课题,对理解分子结构、立体化学和非共价相互作用至关重要。本实验模块指导本科生使用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算和自然键轨道(NBO)分析乙烷、1,2-二氯乙烷和1,2-二氟乙烷的构象分析。通过势能表面(PES)扫描、分子轨道可视化和二阶微扰理论分析,学生们研究了立体电子因素,如超共轭,同时也考虑了空间排斥在构象偏好中的作用。这些活动促进了构建和解释能量分布、分析轨道相互作用以及推理电子和空间对分子稳定性的贡献的技能的发展。实验前和实验后的评估,以及学生的调查显示,学生在概念理解、计算能力和表征能力方面取得了实质性的进步。学生们也对将计算工具应用于更广泛的化学问题表现出更大的信心和兴趣。该模块灵活且可扩展的设计为将现代计算方法整合到本科有机化学教学中提供了一个实用的框架。
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引用次数: 0
Integrating Inquiry-Based Experiential Learning with Structured Peer Interaction for Concept Enhancement (SPICE) of Matter in Middle School Science 中学科学中基于探究的体验学习与结构化同伴互动对物质概念增强的整合
IF 2.9 3区 教育学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c00676
Athavan Alias Anand Selvam*, , , Subhadip Senapati, , , Vismitha Bhoopalam Govindraju, , and , Anamika Sharma*, 

Middle school chemistry education benefits from innovative instructional strategies that actively engage students in constructing knowledge. This study examines the impact of integrating inquiry-based experiential learning with the Structured Peer Interaction for Concept Enhancement (SPICE) framework to teach the fundamental concepts of matter to sixth-grade students (N = 30) from underprivileged, first-generation learner backgrounds. The SPICE intervention strengthens structured peer interaction through interactive tasks such as memory-based games, video interpretation, Jeopardy-style quizzes, thereby promoting conceptual understanding. To evaluate the effectiveness of this pedagogical approach, student learning was assessed using pre- and post-intervention tests at individual, and group levels. Statistical analysis revealed significant improvements across all domains (p < 0.05), with the largest gains in individual concept map evaluations (Cohen’s d = 1.15), highlighting the intervention’s impact on conceptual clarity. The findings suggest that the combination of inquiry-based experiential learning and structured peer interaction fosters deeper engagement, peer-supported reasoning, and improved scientific understanding. A qualitative analysis of student feedback revealed strong support for the course’s interactive and inclusive teaching strategies, with a good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.8425) confirming the reliability of the responses. This study contributes to the growing evidence supporting active learning strategies and underscores the relevance of inclusive, student-centered approaches in middle school chemistry education.

中学化学教育得益于创新的教学策略,使学生积极参与知识建构。本研究考察了将基于探究的体验式学习与基于概念增强的结构化同伴互动(SPICE)框架相结合,对来自贫困的第一代学习者背景的六年级学生(N = 30)教授物质基本概念的影响。SPICE干预通过互动任务,如基于记忆的游戏、视频解释、危险问答等,加强了结构化的同伴互动,从而促进了概念理解。为了评估这种教学方法的有效性,在个人和小组水平上使用干预前和干预后测试来评估学生的学习情况。统计分析显示,所有领域都有显著改善(p < 0.05),其中个人概念图评估的收益最大(Cohen’s d = 1.15),突出了干预对概念清晰度的影响。研究结果表明,基于探究的体验式学习和结构化的同伴互动相结合,可以促进更深层次的参与,同伴支持的推理,并提高科学理解。对学生反馈的定性分析显示,学生对课程的互动性和包容性教学策略的支持度很高,并且具有良好的内部一致性(Cronbach’s α = 0.8425),证实了反馈的可靠性。本研究为支持主动学习策略提供了越来越多的证据,并强调了包容的、以学生为中心的中学化学教育方法的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Developing and Demonstrating a Lab Method for Quantifying Hair Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke with a Forensic Perspective 发展和示范一种实验室方法定量头发暴露于环境烟草烟雾与法医的观点
IF 2.9 3区 教育学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c00479
Tanique Z. Jones, , , Christopher J. Trejo, , , Somayeh Mohammadi, , and , Hamidreza Sharifan*, 

Forensic science and chemistry curricula often lack hands-on experimental designs that effectively simulate the impact of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) or other common elements found at crime scenes, such as marijuana, on trace forensic evidence. Hair, a critical form of trace evidence, offers unique advantages for assessing long-term exposure to environmental pollutants, including ETS. This study presents a novel, noninvasive forensic laboratory module designed to evaluate ETS exposure on various human hair types (untreated, dyed, and bleached). The experimental procedure involved controlled cigarette smoke exposure, followed by analysis using UV–visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and zeta potential measurements. Thirteen students participated in the three-week lab module (three sessions per week). Pre- and postlab assessments were conducted to evaluate learning outcomes. The prelab assessment focused on baseline knowledge of forensic hair analysis, as well as student expectations and confidence. The postlab assessment evaluated knowledge gained, technical insights, application of techniques, self-reflection, conceptual understanding, and practical skill development. This design helped students comprehend the effects of chemical treatments that significantly influence hair’s capacity to adsorb ETS residues by altering its physical and chemical properties. Integration of this experiment into the forensic chemistry curriculum led to measurable gains in student understanding, technical competency, and appreciation for real-world forensic applications. This method offers a valuable teaching and investigative tool for assessing individual ETS exposure in forensic contexts.

法医科学和化学课程往往缺乏实际操作的实验设计,无法有效模拟环境烟草烟雾或犯罪现场发现的其他常见元素(如大麻)对痕量法医证据的影响。毛发是一种重要的微量证据形式,为评估长期暴露于环境污染物(包括碳排放交易体系)提供了独特的优势。本研究提出了一种新颖的、无创的法医实验室模块,旨在评估ETS对各种人类头发类型(未经处理、染色和漂白)的影响。实验过程包括控制香烟烟雾暴露,然后使用紫外可见光谱,FTIR光谱和ζ电位测量进行分析。13名学生参加了为期三周的实验模块(每周三次)。通过实验前和实验后的评估来评估学习结果。实验前的评估侧重于法医头发分析的基础知识,以及学生的期望和信心。实验后评估评估了获得的知识、技术见解、技术应用、自我反思、概念理解和实践技能的发展。这个设计帮助学生理解化学处理的影响,化学处理通过改变头发的物理和化学性质,显著影响头发吸附ETS残留物的能力。将此实验整合到法医化学课程中,使学生在理解、技术能力和对真实法医应用的欣赏方面有了明显的提高。这种方法提供了一种有价值的教学和调查工具,用于在法医环境中评估个人的ETS暴露情况。
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引用次数: 0
Determining the Ethanol Content in Gasoline using Bomb Calorimetry 弹量热法测定汽油中乙醇含量
IF 2.9 3区 教育学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c00028
Benjamin J. Knurr*,  and , James F. Hauri, 

For the last century, gasoline has been the primary fuel source for internal combustion engines in many countries around the world. More recently, the petroleum derived fuel has increasingly been mixed with combustible oxygenates, commonly ethanol. In some countries ethanol has even become the primary or exclusive component of vehicle fuel. This switch has been done for economic and environmental reasons but can decrease engine fuel economy. The experiment detailed here allows students to use bomb calorimetry to create a calibration curve between internal energy of combustion and ethanol content of various fuel blends. The calibration curve can then be used to estimate the ethanol content of commercial gasoline samples. The resulting data and analysis from this experiment gives students the opportunity to explore and discuss what the effects of adding an oxygenate to gasoline are. These effects are considered from the position of changes in internal energy of combustion and how that can be understood in the context of the operating principles of an internal combustion engine.

在上个世纪,汽油一直是世界上许多国家内燃机的主要燃料来源。最近,石油衍生燃料越来越多地与可燃氧化物混合,通常是乙醇。在一些国家,乙醇甚至成为汽车燃料的主要或唯一成分。这种转换是出于经济和环境的考虑,但可能会降低发动机的燃油经济性。这里详细的实验允许学生使用弹量热法来创建燃烧内能与各种燃料混合物的乙醇含量之间的校准曲线。该校准曲线可用于估计商品汽油样品的乙醇含量。本实验的结果数据和分析为学生提供了探索和讨论向汽油中添加氧合物的影响的机会。这些影响是从燃烧内能变化的角度考虑的,以及如何在内燃机工作原理的背景下理解这一点。
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引用次数: 0
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