Pub Date : 1994-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMA.1994.337216
P. Pogatzki, D. Kother, R. Kulke, B. Hopf, T. Sporkmann, I. Wolff
A designer of up-converters for mm-wave frequencies faces a problem, in that the LO frequency and RF frequency are spaced very close together. Therefore, the suppression of the LO signal is not automatically achieved with the matching networks. In order to suppress the LO signal at the output port, a filter with narrow bandwidth has to be applied or the mixer has to be set up as a balanced mixer. Normally, the second solution is more convenient. A balanced mixer can be set up by utilising 90° or 180° hybrids in conjunction with two identical single mixer stages. These hybrids consist of transmission line couplers or lumped elements. For a high packing density design lumped hybrids are the preferred solution since they utilise less chip area. Circuit design based on coplanar technique offers several advantages compared to microstrip technique as outlined by Pogatzki and Kramer (1). Accurate models for coplanar rectangular inductors which are suitable for interactive CAD were not available for mm-wave frequencies in the past. Therefore, large hybrids like Lange couplers or rat-race couplers were used to achieve the required phase conditions for balanced mixers. This paper introduces an enhanced inductor model based on Naghed and Wolff (2), Naghed et al (3), Kulke and Sporkmann (4), Pogatzki et al (5), which is valid for a wide range of geometries up to mm-wave frequencies and therefore, can be used to design 90° and 180° hybrids. These hybrids require only about 10% of the chip area that standard couplers occupy.
{"title":"Coplanar Hybrids based on an Enhanced Inductor Model for Mixer Applications up to mm-Wave Frequencies","authors":"P. Pogatzki, D. Kother, R. Kulke, B. Hopf, T. Sporkmann, I. Wolff","doi":"10.1109/EUMA.1994.337216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMA.1994.337216","url":null,"abstract":"A designer of up-converters for mm-wave frequencies faces a problem, in that the LO frequency and RF frequency are spaced very close together. Therefore, the suppression of the LO signal is not automatically achieved with the matching networks. In order to suppress the LO signal at the output port, a filter with narrow bandwidth has to be applied or the mixer has to be set up as a balanced mixer. Normally, the second solution is more convenient. A balanced mixer can be set up by utilising 90° or 180° hybrids in conjunction with two identical single mixer stages. These hybrids consist of transmission line couplers or lumped elements. For a high packing density design lumped hybrids are the preferred solution since they utilise less chip area. Circuit design based on coplanar technique offers several advantages compared to microstrip technique as outlined by Pogatzki and Kramer (1). Accurate models for coplanar rectangular inductors which are suitable for interactive CAD were not available for mm-wave frequencies in the past. Therefore, large hybrids like Lange couplers or rat-race couplers were used to achieve the required phase conditions for balanced mixers. This paper introduces an enhanced inductor model based on Naghed and Wolff (2), Naghed et al (3), Kulke and Sporkmann (4), Pogatzki et al (5), which is valid for a wide range of geometries up to mm-wave frequencies and therefore, can be used to design 90° and 180° hybrids. These hybrids require only about 10% of the chip area that standard couplers occupy.","PeriodicalId":440371,"journal":{"name":"1994 24th European Microwave Conference","volume":"37 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131590219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMA.1994.337339
J. Mallat, A. Lehto, J. Tuovinen
The differential phase measurement method has been improved to need the use of only one power meter instead of three power meters. This enables accurate antenna phase pattern measurements with a simplified set-up, accompanied by the reduction in cost. All advantages of the differential phase measurement method are still also present, e.g. there is no need to phase lock oscillators or to use rotary joints. Measurement results for an antenna at 110 GHz are presented. A comparison t earlier data shows good agreement.
{"title":"Millimeter Wave Antenna Phase Pattern Measurement using the Differential Phase Method with Only One Power Meter","authors":"J. Mallat, A. Lehto, J. Tuovinen","doi":"10.1109/EUMA.1994.337339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMA.1994.337339","url":null,"abstract":"The differential phase measurement method has been improved to need the use of only one power meter instead of three power meters. This enables accurate antenna phase pattern measurements with a simplified set-up, accompanied by the reduction in cost. All advantages of the differential phase measurement method are still also present, e.g. there is no need to phase lock oscillators or to use rotary joints. Measurement results for an antenna at 110 GHz are presented. A comparison t earlier data shows good agreement.","PeriodicalId":440371,"journal":{"name":"1994 24th European Microwave Conference","volume":"320 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133933232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMA.1994.337473
F. Rostan, G. Gottwald, W. Wiesbeck
Conformal microstrip patch arrays are used in many applications for mobile communications pertaining to satellites, spacecrafts and aircrafts. The paper shows the mathematical treatment of such conformal microstrip arrays using a spectral domain approach. The attainable radiation patterns with respect to the number of patches, the patch size, the cylinder diameter etc. are shown. Several possibilities for the practical realisation of microstrip patch arrays are discussed and the measured results for frequencies from 10.3 GHz up to 36.5 GHz are presented. Excellent agreement between calculated and measured results are achieved.
{"title":"Design and Performance of Conformal Microstrip Patch Arrays on Cylindrical Surfaces","authors":"F. Rostan, G. Gottwald, W. Wiesbeck","doi":"10.1109/EUMA.1994.337473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMA.1994.337473","url":null,"abstract":"Conformal microstrip patch arrays are used in many applications for mobile communications pertaining to satellites, spacecrafts and aircrafts. The paper shows the mathematical treatment of such conformal microstrip arrays using a spectral domain approach. The attainable radiation patterns with respect to the number of patches, the patch size, the cylinder diameter etc. are shown. Several possibilities for the practical realisation of microstrip patch arrays are discussed and the measured results for frequencies from 10.3 GHz up to 36.5 GHz are presented. Excellent agreement between calculated and measured results are achieved.","PeriodicalId":440371,"journal":{"name":"1994 24th European Microwave Conference","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128486439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMA.1994.337303
N. Rorsman, M. Garcia, C. Karlsson, H. Zirath
The influence of HFET layout and via holes on the feedback capacitance of passive and non-gated as well as active HFETs has been examined. We have found that by careful design of the layout of the HFET and using via-hole for source grounding it is possible to reduce the feedback capacitance, thus improving the high frequency characteristics of the HFET. The total feedback capacitance was reduced by 70 % for a passive device with via holes and by varying one layout parameter. Results on active InP-based HFETs without via-holes show a total decrease of the feedback capacitance of 40 % for an InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HFET. The maximum stable gain at 40 GHz for an InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HFET. Was increased by 1.5 dB by changing the layout.
{"title":"Reduction of the Feedback Capacitance of HFETs by Changing Transistor Layout and Using Via Holes for Source Grounding","authors":"N. Rorsman, M. Garcia, C. Karlsson, H. Zirath","doi":"10.1109/EUMA.1994.337303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMA.1994.337303","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of HFET layout and via holes on the feedback capacitance of passive and non-gated as well as active HFETs has been examined. We have found that by careful design of the layout of the HFET and using via-hole for source grounding it is possible to reduce the feedback capacitance, thus improving the high frequency characteristics of the HFET. The total feedback capacitance was reduced by 70 % for a passive device with via holes and by varying one layout parameter. Results on active InP-based HFETs without via-holes show a total decrease of the feedback capacitance of 40 % for an InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HFET. The maximum stable gain at 40 GHz for an InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HFET. Was increased by 1.5 dB by changing the layout.","PeriodicalId":440371,"journal":{"name":"1994 24th European Microwave Conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115973598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMA.1994.337197
R. Sorrentino
With the advances of microwave and millimetrewave circuit technology, fullwave electromagnetic approach has become necessary to model a number of phenomena (proximity effects, package interaction, crosstalk, etc.) dependent on complicated 3-D circuit configurations (multilevel circuits, vertical integration, multichip modules, finite metal thickness, etc.). This paper addresses a number of issues and reviews recent advances relevant to the modelling and optimisation of modern microwave circuits.
{"title":"Modelling and Design of Millimetrewave Passive Circuits: from 2 to 3D","authors":"R. Sorrentino","doi":"10.1109/EUMA.1994.337197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMA.1994.337197","url":null,"abstract":"With the advances of microwave and millimetrewave circuit technology, fullwave electromagnetic approach has become necessary to model a number of phenomena (proximity effects, package interaction, crosstalk, etc.) dependent on complicated 3-D circuit configurations (multilevel circuits, vertical integration, multichip modules, finite metal thickness, etc.). This paper addresses a number of issues and reviews recent advances relevant to the modelling and optimisation of modern microwave circuits.","PeriodicalId":440371,"journal":{"name":"1994 24th European Microwave Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116863154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMA.1994.337305
J. Harari, F. Journet, 0. Rabii, J. Van de Casteele, L. Joannes, J. Vilcot, D. Decoster, C. Dalle, M. Friscourt
{"title":"Modelling of PIN photodetectors for microwave and high power applications","authors":"J. Harari, F. Journet, 0. Rabii, J. Van de Casteele, L. Joannes, J. Vilcot, D. Decoster, C. Dalle, M. Friscourt","doi":"10.1109/EUMA.1994.337305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMA.1994.337305","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":440371,"journal":{"name":"1994 24th European Microwave Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115384748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMA.1994.337501
B. Linot, M. F. Wong, Odile Picon, V. Hanna, M'Hamed Drissi
A full-wave analysis of coplanar waveguide discontinuities in an open environment using integral equations technique solved by the moment method is described. The analysis includes the effects of both longitudinal and tranverse magnetic current components in the line slots. Radiation and surface wave effects are included in this analysis. Electric field distributions for a coplanar waveguide series stub is presented. Characterization of the discontinuity by a scattering matrix is then accurately evaluated from the determination of the magnefic current distribution along the input and ouput ports surrounding it. The accuracy of our results as a function of transverse discretisation is given. Good agreement of our results with those found in the litterature is obtained.
{"title":"A Rigorous Dispersive Characterization of Radiating Coplanar Waveguide Discontinuities and Junctions","authors":"B. Linot, M. F. Wong, Odile Picon, V. Hanna, M'Hamed Drissi","doi":"10.1109/EUMA.1994.337501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMA.1994.337501","url":null,"abstract":"A full-wave analysis of coplanar waveguide discontinuities in an open environment using integral equations technique solved by the moment method is described. The analysis includes the effects of both longitudinal and tranverse magnetic current components in the line slots. Radiation and surface wave effects are included in this analysis. Electric field distributions for a coplanar waveguide series stub is presented. Characterization of the discontinuity by a scattering matrix is then accurately evaluated from the determination of the magnefic current distribution along the input and ouput ports surrounding it. The accuracy of our results as a function of transverse discretisation is given. Good agreement of our results with those found in the litterature is obtained.","PeriodicalId":440371,"journal":{"name":"1994 24th European Microwave Conference","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114672132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMA.1994.337297
W. Zhang
This paper reports the study of the differential reflectivity, specific attenuation and specific phase shift due to the melting layer composed of oblate spheroidal hydrometeors. The truncation and recurrence used in the point matching technique are adjusted and this technique is employed in the computations at 5-100 GHz for five raindrop size distributions at rain rates below 12.5 mm/h. In general, the differential reflectivity at centimeter wavelengths agrees with available radar measurements. The computed results at millimeter wavelengths are anticipated as well. This presentation could be instructive not only for some radar applications but also for future radar measurements. The vertical profiles of the specific attenuation and phase shift are presented at 5-100 GHz. The differential attenuation and phase shift can be used in the calculation of the depolarizations caused by the melting layer. This could lead to more comprehensive studies of the depolarizations.
{"title":"Backward and Forward Scattering by the Melting Layer Composed of Oblate Spheroidal Hydrometeors at 5-100 GHz","authors":"W. Zhang","doi":"10.1109/EUMA.1994.337297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMA.1994.337297","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the study of the differential reflectivity, specific attenuation and specific phase shift due to the melting layer composed of oblate spheroidal hydrometeors. The truncation and recurrence used in the point matching technique are adjusted and this technique is employed in the computations at 5-100 GHz for five raindrop size distributions at rain rates below 12.5 mm/h. In general, the differential reflectivity at centimeter wavelengths agrees with available radar measurements. The computed results at millimeter wavelengths are anticipated as well. This presentation could be instructive not only for some radar applications but also for future radar measurements. The vertical profiles of the specific attenuation and phase shift are presented at 5-100 GHz. The differential attenuation and phase shift can be used in the calculation of the depolarizations caused by the melting layer. This could lead to more comprehensive studies of the depolarizations.","PeriodicalId":440371,"journal":{"name":"1994 24th European Microwave Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125431005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMA.1994.337220
J. Freyer, B. Mayer, M. Tschernitz
The design of waveguide disc resonators for oscillators at W-band frequencies is described by the help of a finite element CAD-software package. The method considers the active device encapsulation inherently and therewith the socalled parasitic elements. The computation of output power from a standard GaAs Impatt diode for an encapsulation technique with integrated modules is given as example, The results are. compared with rf measurements at 90 GHz.
{"title":"CAD for mm-wave resonators","authors":"J. Freyer, B. Mayer, M. Tschernitz","doi":"10.1109/EUMA.1994.337220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMA.1994.337220","url":null,"abstract":"The design of waveguide disc resonators for oscillators at W-band frequencies is described by the help of a finite element CAD-software package. The method considers the active device encapsulation inherently and therewith the socalled parasitic elements. The computation of output power from a standard GaAs Impatt diode for an encapsulation technique with integrated modules is given as example, The results are. compared with rf measurements at 90 GHz.","PeriodicalId":440371,"journal":{"name":"1994 24th European Microwave Conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125580426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMA.1994.337298
M. Kharadly, R. A. Hulays
The presence of the melting-snow layer has significant effects on propagation in two respects, which should be considered in the design of microwave satellite and terrestrial communication links. Namely, these are excess attenuation and enhanced scattering. In this paper, the factors involved in the evaluation of attenuation and scattering due to melting layer presence are presented and analyzed. The results of this analysis are applied to two existing experimental links.
{"title":"Estimation of Melting-Snow Layer Attenuation and Scattering on Microwave Communication Links","authors":"M. Kharadly, R. A. Hulays","doi":"10.1109/EUMA.1994.337298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMA.1994.337298","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of the melting-snow layer has significant effects on propagation in two respects, which should be considered in the design of microwave satellite and terrestrial communication links. Namely, these are excess attenuation and enhanced scattering. In this paper, the factors involved in the evaluation of attenuation and scattering due to melting layer presence are presented and analyzed. The results of this analysis are applied to two existing experimental links.","PeriodicalId":440371,"journal":{"name":"1994 24th European Microwave Conference","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126604695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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