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Wages of Information Technology Professionals - A Czech and Slovak Republic Case 信息技术专业人员的工资——捷克和斯洛伐克共和国的案例
IF 1.5 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.12776/QIP.V25I1.1468
L. Marek, Petr Doucek, Lea Nedomová
Purpose: The objective of this article is to compare the trend in wages of ICT Professionals in the Czech and Slovak economies during the past two decades. Methodology/Approach: The input data set for ICT Professionals was relatively large over 2.2 million (of which ICT represented over 60 thousand) in the Czech Republic and 1.1 million (of which ICT represented over 24 thousand) in the Slovak Republic. For the purposes of presented analyses, we used basic statistical methods and characteristics. Findings: We can make the following general conclusions based on our analyses: all analyzed wage characteristics increased over time, with the exception of the economic crisis during 2009-2014 when they stagnate. Research Limitation/Implication: Our data include outliers, especially wages above EUR 4,000. However, these wages, which are relatively rare, significantly influence the total volume of wages. Originality/Value of paper: Analysis of our data offers information about development of average real wages in ICT oriented jobs. There can be found analysis of wages in all sectors in literature. Analysis of ICT Professionals wages is rarely published in journals. Category: Research paper
目的:本文的目的是比较过去二十年来捷克和斯洛伐克经济中ICT专业人员工资的趋势。方法/方法:信息和通信技术专业人员的输入数据集相对较大,捷克共和国有220万(其中信息和通信技术代表6万多名),斯洛伐克共和国有110万(其中信息和通信技术代表2.4万多名)。为了提出分析的目的,我们使用了基本的统计方法和特征。研究发现:通过分析,我们可以得出以下结论:除了2009-2014年经济危机期间停滞不前外,所有分析的工资特征都随着时间的推移而增加。研究局限/启示:我们的数据包含异常值,特别是工资高于4000欧元。然而,这些相对罕见的工资对工资总量产生了重大影响。论文的原创性/价值:对我们数据的分析提供了有关ICT导向工作的平均实际工资发展的信息。在文献中可以找到对所有部门工资的分析。信息通信技术专业人员的工资分析很少发表在期刊上。类别:研究论文
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引用次数: 0
Improving Quality of Long-Term Bond Price Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks 利用人工神经网络提高长期债券价格预测质量
IF 1.5 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.12776/QIP.V25I1.1532
R. Verner, M. Tkáč, M. Tkáč
Purpose: The aim of this paper is to propose nonlinear autoregressive neural network which can improve quality of bond price forecasting. Methodology/Approach: Due to the complex nature of market information that influence bonds, artificial intelligence could be accurate, robust and fast choice of bond price prediction method. Findings: Our results have reached a coefficient of determination higher than 95% in the training, validation and testing sets. Moreover, we proposed the nonlinear autoregressive network with external inputs using 50 year interest-rate swaps denominated in EUR and volatility index VIX as two external variables. Research Limitation/Implication: Our sample of daily prices between 4th January 2016 and 13th January 2021 (totally 1,270 trading days) suggest that both Levenberg-Marquardt and Scaled conjugate gradient learning algorithms achieved excellent results. Originality/Value of paper: Despite the fact that both learning algorithms achieved satisfying outcomes, implementation of an independent variable into the autoregressive neural network environment had no significant impact on prediction ability of the model. Category: Research paper
目的:提出一种能提高债券价格预测质量的非线性自回归神经网络。方法/途径:由于影响债券的市场信息的复杂性,人工智能可以准确、稳健、快速地选择债券价格预测方法。结果:我们的结果在训练集、验证集和测试集上的决定系数都达到了95%以上。此外,我们以50年期欧元利率掉期和波动率指数VIX作为两个外部变量,提出了具有外部输入的非线性自回归网络。研究限制/启示:我们对2016年1月4日至2021年1月13日(共1,270个交易日)的每日价格样本表明,Levenberg-Marquardt和Scaled共轭梯度学习算法都取得了出色的结果。论文的独创性/价值:尽管两种学习算法都取得了令人满意的结果,但在自回归神经网络环境中加入自变量对模型的预测能力没有显著影响。类别:研究论文
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引用次数: 1
Memorial: Prof. Ivan Slimák, PhD. 纪念:Ivan教授Slimák,博士。
IF 1.5 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.12776/QIP.V25I1.1541
Kristina Zgodavova
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引用次数: 0
Business Process Risk Modelling in Theory and Practice 业务流程风险建模的理论与实践
IF 1.5 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.12776/QIP.V25I1.1551
M. Špaček
Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to introduce SW based decision-making tool that helps managers cope with risks and uncertainties of selected industrial processes. The solution is substantiated by the theoretical background. Methodology/Approach: The research is based on combination of contextual interviews with process management experts and Business Process Modelling Notion (BPMN). The former is aimed at the identification of industrial processes with highest risk exposure the latter is conducive to the design of processes to be subjected to stochastic simulation. Findings: The findings show that the risks and uncertainties in the management of industrial processes can be kept under control when using advanced tools of risk analysis as simulation approaches. The solution proposed comes in handy to risk analysts or process managers. Research Limitation/Implication: The library of process models which were included into stochastic simulation includes selected processes as investments, service providing or economic value-added engineering. Additional processes are being included on ongoing basis. Originality/Value of paper: The paper offers the solution to industrial process risk management which goes far beyond academic sphere and provides industrial practitioners SW tool that facilitates process risk management. Category: Technical paper
目的:本文的目的是介绍基于软件的决策工具,帮助管理者应对所选工业过程的风险和不确定性。该解决方案得到了理论背景的证实。方法论/方法:该研究基于与流程管理专家的上下文访谈和业务流程建模概念(BPMN)的结合。前者旨在识别具有最高风险暴露的工业过程,后者有利于设计要进行随机模拟的过程。研究结果表明,采用先进的风险分析工具作为模拟方法,可以控制工业过程管理中的风险和不确定性。所提出的解决方案对风险分析师或流程经理很有用。研究局限/启示:纳入随机模拟的过程模型库包括投资、服务提供或经济增值工程等选定过程。正在不断纳入其他进程。论文的原创性/价值:论文提供了工业过程风险管理的解决方案,远远超出了学术领域,为工业从业者提供了有利于过程风险管理的软件工具。类别:技术论文
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引用次数: 0
Study on Likelihood-Ratio-Based Multivariate EWMA Control Chart Using Lasso 基于似然比的Lasso多元EWMA控制图研究
IF 1.5 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.12776/QIP.V25I1.1552
Takumi Saruhashi, Masato Ohkubo, Yasushi Nagata
Purpose: When applying exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) multivariate control charts to multivariate statistical process control, in many cases, only some elements of the controlled parameters change. In such situations, control charts applying Lasso are useful. This study proposes a novel multivariate control chart that assumes that only a few elements of the controlled parameters change. Methodology/Approach: We applied Lasso to the conventional likelihood ratiobased EWMA chart; specifically, we considered a multivariate control chart based on a log-likelihood ratio with sparse estimators of the mean vector and variance-covariance matrix. Findings: The results show that 1) it is possible to identify which elements have changed by confirming each sparse estimated parameter, and 2) the proposed procedure outperforms the conventional likelihood ratio-based EWMA chart regardless of the number of parameter elements that change. Research Limitation/Implication: We perform sparse estimation under the assumption that the regularization parameters are known. However, the regularization parameters are often unknown in real life; therefore, it is necessary to discuss how to determine them. Originality/Value of paper: The study provides a natural extension of the conventional likelihood ratio-based EWMA chart to improve interpretability and detection accuracy. Our procedure is expected to solve challenges created by changes in a few elements of the population mean vector and population variance-covariance matrix. Category: Research paper QUALITY INNOVATION PROSPERITY / KVALITA INOVÁCIA PROSPERITA 25/1 – 2021 ISSN 1335-1745 (print) ISSN 1338-984X (online) 4
目的:将指数加权移动平均(exponential weighted moving average, EWMA)多元控制图应用于多元统计过程控制时,在很多情况下,被控参数只有部分要素发生变化。在这种情况下,应用套索的控制图是有用的。本研究提出了一种新的多元控制图,它假设被控参数中只有少数元素发生变化。方法/方法:我们将Lasso应用于传统的基于似然比的EWMA图;具体来说,我们考虑了一个基于对数似然比的多元控制图,该控制图具有均值向量和方差协方差矩阵的稀疏估计。结果表明:1)通过确认每个稀疏估计参数可以识别哪些元素发生了变化;2)无论参数元素的变化数量如何,所提出的程序都优于传统的基于似然比的EWMA图。研究局限/启示:我们在正则化参数已知的假设下进行稀疏估计。然而,在现实生活中,正则化参数往往是未知的;因此,有必要讨论如何确定它们。论文的原创性/价值:该研究为传统的基于似然比的EWMA图表提供了自然扩展,以提高可解释性和检测精度。我们的程序有望解决由总体均值向量和总体方差-协方差矩阵的几个元素的变化所带来的挑战。分类:研究论文QUALITY INNOVATION PROSPERITY / KVALITA INOVÁCIA PROSPERITA 25/1 - 2021 ISSN 1335-1745(打印)ISSN 1338-984X(在线
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引用次数: 0
The Link Between Asset Risk Management and Maintenance Performance: A Study of Industrial Manufacturing Companies 资产风险管理与维修绩效的关系:基于工业制造企业的研究
IF 1.5 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.12776/qip.v24i3.1477
D. Maletič, H. Pačaiová, A. Nagyová, M. Maletič
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine risk management practices and their impact on performance. Specifically, the study aimed to examine risk management practices as part of physical asset management and their impact on maintenance management and its performance. Methodology/Approach: The empirical data were obtained from 76 manufacturing companies. Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) was applied to evaluate the measurement and structural model. Findings: The results emphasized the importance of integrating risk management practices into asset management processes in order to improve performance outcomes. Research Limitation/Implication: This study contributes to a better understanding of how companies could achieve higher performance results by implementing risk management practices. The results of this study can help managers identify key asset risk management practices. Despite the important implications that can be derived from this study, further research that would extend the model to include additional performance measures and/or asset management dimensions would be of great importance. Originality/Value of paper: By analyzing the interrelationships between asset risk management practices and their direct and indirect effects on maintenance performance, the study provides important insights for the development of strategies to promote the novel and important discipline of asset management.
目的:本文的目的是研究风险管理实践及其对绩效的影响。具体而言,该研究旨在检查风险管理实践作为实物资产管理的一部分,以及它们对维护管理及其性能的影响。方法/方法:实证数据来自76家制造企业。采用偏最小二乘路径模型(PLS-PM)对测量和结构模型进行评价。研究结果:研究结果强调了将风险管理实践整合到资产管理流程中以提高绩效结果的重要性。研究局限/启示:本研究有助于更好地理解公司如何通过实施风险管理实践来实现更高的绩效结果。本研究的结果可以帮助管理者识别关键的资产风险管理实践。尽管从这项研究中可以得出重要的含义,但进一步的研究将扩展模型以包括额外的绩效度量和/或资产管理维度将是非常重要的。论文的独创性/价值:通过分析资产风险管理实践及其对维修绩效的直接和间接影响之间的相互关系,本研究为制定策略以促进资产管理这一新颖而重要的学科的发展提供了重要的见解。
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引用次数: 7
Big Five Personality Traits and Creativity 五大人格特质与创造力
IF 1.5 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.12776/qip.v24i3.1509
M. Jirásek, F. Sudzina
Purpose: Personality traits represent an important driver of creativity. Several studies linked individual personality traits and creativity, yet in most cases, the literature provides contradictory insights. In this study, we quasi-replicate prior studies using a new sample to assess the reliability of previous research. Furthermore, we explore the topic in greater detail, as we also study the relationship of creativity with personality facets, a more fine-grained alternative. Methodology/Approach: The study uses a survey-based sample of students from Denmark. To measure personality traits and facets, we asked respondents to fill 44 items Big Five Personality Inventory. We measured creativity using three items from the HEXACO-60 personality inventory. The data were analyzed using generalized least squares models with gender as a control. Findings: In line with the previous literature, our research showed that Openness to Experience is positively related to creativity. We found similar, yet statistically weaker evidence for the relationship of Extraversion and creativity. In contrast to most of the previous findings, we also reported a negative relationship between Conscientiousness and creativity. Research Limitation/Implication: Our research contributes to the topic of the relationship between personality traits and creativity. Some of the relationships fall into the area where the literature is not coherent. We propose that the explanation may stem from the too broad formulation of personality traits, and we partially show that using personality facets. For this reason, future research needs to go into detail of individual personality traits. Originality/Value of paper: The paper provides further insight into the relationship between personality and creativity.
目的:个性特征是创造力的重要驱动力。一些研究将个人性格特征和创造力联系起来,然而在大多数情况下,文献提供了相互矛盾的见解。在这项研究中,我们使用一个新的样本来准重复先前的研究,以评估先前研究的可靠性。此外,我们更详细地探讨了这个主题,因为我们也研究了创造力与个性方面的关系,这是一个更细粒度的选择。研究方法/方法:该研究使用了丹麦学生的调查样本。为了测量人格特征和方面,我们要求受访者填写44项大五人格量表。我们用HEXACO-60性格量表中的三个项目来衡量创造力。数据分析采用广义最小二乘模型,以性别为对照。研究发现:与之前的文献一致,我们的研究表明,经验开放性与创造力呈正相关。我们发现了类似的,但统计上较弱的证据,证明了外向性和创造力之间的关系。与之前的大多数发现相反,我们还报告了责任心和创造力之间的负相关关系。研究局限/启示:我们的研究有助于人格特质与创造力的关系这一主题。有些关系属于文献不连贯的领域。我们提出,这种解释可能源于对人格特征过于宽泛的表述,并从人格方面部分地说明了这一点。出于这个原因,未来的研究需要深入到个人性格特征的细节。论文的独创性/价值:本文进一步深入探讨了个性与创造力之间的关系。
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引用次数: 16
Consistency of Pairwise Comparisons and Its Role in Optimal Detection of Customers’ Preferences 两两比较的一致性及其在顾客偏好最优检测中的作用
IF 1.5 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.12776/qip.v24i3.1475
Filip Tošenovský
Purpose: This paper analyses a problem that originates in the weighted-average model, a mathematical construct introduced by the theory of multicriteria decision-making that can be used to detect what product a customer desires. The problem occurs because the model needs to know the weight the customer assigns to each product feature, aside from the levels of all the product characteristics, in order to calculate the overall value of the product. And since by one approach the weights can be estimated by optimization, the question arises which optimization criterion to select for the procedure, as different criteria will lead to different weights and thus to different product evaluations. The paper analyses the problem in connection with the so-called consistency of pairwise comparisons, which are utilized in the optimization and describe how much the customer prefers one product feature to another. The analysis shows that the problem of which criterion to use to calculate the weights can be eliminated if the pairwise comparisons are consistent. The analysis is performed within pre-defined criteria and is supplemented with case studies supporting the findings. Methodology/Approach: Linear algebra, optimization techniques, case studies. Findings: The results represent a prescription customers can use if they want to avoid the pitfalls of selecting a specific optimization criterion when informing the product maker about what they want based on the weighted-average model. Research Limitation/Implication: The results are related to a specific decision-making model, although that model is still very general and natural. Originality/Value of paper: The problem of selecting an optimization criterion to determine decision weights is not discussed in the theory.
目的:本文分析了一个源于加权平均模型的问题,加权平均模型是一种由多准则决策理论引入的数学结构,可以用来检测客户想要什么产品。出现问题的原因是,除了所有产品特征的级别外,模型还需要知道客户分配给每个产品特征的权重,以便计算产品的总体价值。由于通过一种方法可以通过优化来估计权重,因此出现了为该过程选择哪种优化准则的问题,因为不同的准则将导致不同的权重,从而导致不同的产品评估。本文分析了与所谓的两两比较一致性有关的问题,两两比较一致性用于优化,并描述了客户对产品特性的偏好程度。分析表明,如果两两比较一致,则可以消除使用哪个准则来计算权重的问题。分析是在预先定义的标准内进行的,并辅以支持研究结果的案例研究。方法论/方法:线性代数,优化技术,案例研究。发现:结果代表了一个处方客户可以使用,如果他们想要避免选择一个特定的优化标准的陷阱,当通知产品制造商关于他们想要什么基于加权平均模型。研究局限/启示:研究结果与一个特定的决策模型有关,尽管该模型仍然非常普遍和自然。论文的原创性/价值:理论中没有讨论选择最优化准则来确定决策权重的问题。
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引用次数: 0
How the Knowledge of the Major Researchers Is Forging the Business Strategy Paths: Trends and Forecasts from the State of the Art 主要研究人员的知识如何塑造商业战略路径:最新趋势和预测
IF 1.5 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.12776/qip.v24i3.1404
L. C. Barbosa, Maria Augusta Siqueira Mathias, Gilberto Santos, O. J. de Oliveira
Purpose: Given its large number of publications, the subject “strategy” stands out as an important field of scientific literature with multidisciplinary characteristics, involving the most varied research areas. The aim of this paper is to analyse the state of the art on business strategy, which have enabled the identification of the characteristics of the most influential articles and authors. Methodology/Approach: This article is a literature review based on bibliometric parameters, which the main novelty has been the identification of specific characteristics of the main publications and researchers on business strategy during the peak production period of 1998-2017. Findings: The main contribution of this article is to guide researchers interested in developing studies related to business strategy, highlighting the subject’s chronological evolution and the correlations analyses among publications. Research Limitation/implication: The searches and selection of bibliometric parameters have been limited to two of the most relevant databases (Scopus and Web of Science). Another restriction was that only articles and reviews containing the term “business strategy” in their respective titles were considered. Originality/Value of paper: Although bibliometric studies have already been published in managerial and strategic areas and subareas, the scientific literature still lacks articles with the same level of details and analysis performed in this paper, which portrays the main novelty of this research.
目的:由于“策略”这一主题的大量出版物,它是一个具有多学科特征的重要科学文献领域,涉及的研究领域最为多样化。本文的目的是分析商业战略的艺术状态,这使得最有影响力的文章和作者的特征的识别。方法/方法:本文是基于文献计量参数的文献综述,其主要新颖之处在于确定了1998-2017年生产高峰期主要出版物和研究人员的具体特征。研究发现:本文的主要贡献是为有兴趣开展商业战略相关研究的研究人员提供指导,突出了主题的时间演变和出版物之间的相关性分析。研究限制/启示:文献计量参数的搜索和选择仅限于两个最相关的数据库(Scopus和Web of Science)。另一个限制是,只考虑标题中包含“业务战略”一词的文章和评论。论文的原创性/价值:虽然文献计量学研究已经在管理和战略领域和子领域发表,但科学文献仍然缺乏具有与本文相同水平的细节和分析的文章,这描绘了本研究的主要新颖性。
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引用次数: 8
Social Entrepreneurship as a Tool of Sustainable Development 社会企业家精神是可持续发展的工具
IF 1.5 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.12776/qip.v24i3.1463
Jozef Bľanda, N. Urbančíková
Purpose: The article deals with the analysis of the perception of social entrepreneurship in Slovakia by social entrepreneurs. The main aim is to identify how social entrepreneurs perceive individual aspects of social entrepreneurship in Slovakia, including the role of social entrepreneurship in sustainable development. Methodology/Approach: The analysis was based on data obtained from a questionnaire survey conducted among social entrepreneurs in Slovakia. The survey was attended by representatives of 35 social enterprises from Slovakia. A seven-point rating of Likert scale used within the questionnaire. The mode, median and interquartile range of answers were used to evaluate the questionnaire. Findings: Social entrepreneurs pointed out that social entrepreneurship is still in development in Slovakia and several obstacles causing this situation. They also agreed that the most important benefit of social entrepreneurship in Slovakia is the effort to solve social problems. The research results show that the priority of social entrepreneurs in Slovakia is not to support sustainable development. Research Limitation/implication: The research was limited by the number of social entrepreneurs who participated in the survey. More than half of social enterprises, registered in Slovakia were not willing to participate in the survey. Originality/Value of paper: The article brings important findings in the field of social entrepreneurship, which are based on the practical experience of social entrepreneurs in Slovakia.
目的:本文分析了斯洛伐克社会企业家对社会企业家精神的看法。主要目的是确定社会企业家如何看待斯洛伐克社会企业家精神的各个方面,包括社会企业家精神在可持续发展中的作用。方法/方法:分析所依据的数据来自对斯洛伐克社会企业家进行的问卷调查。斯洛伐克35个社会企业的代表参加了调查。问卷中使用的李克特量表7分评级。采用答案的众数、中位数和四分位数范围对问卷进行评价。社会企业家指出,社会企业家精神在斯洛伐克仍处于发展阶段,造成这种情况的几个障碍。他们还一致认为,斯洛伐克社会企业最重要的好处是努力解决社会问题。研究结果表明,斯洛伐克社会企业家优先考虑的不是支持可持续发展。研究局限/启示:研究受到参与调查的社会企业家数量的限制。在斯洛伐克注册的社会企业中,有一半以上不愿意参与调查。原创性/论文价值:本文基于斯洛伐克社会企业家的实践经验,带来了社会企业家领域的重要发现。
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引用次数: 4
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