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Cognitive (In)justice and Decoloniality in Amitav Ghosh’s The Nutmeg’s Curse 阿米塔夫·高希《肉豆蔻的诅咒》中的认知正义与去殖民化
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.1177/09716858231185614
Goutam Karmakar, R. Chetty
Amitav Ghosh’s The Nutmeg’s Curse (2021) is an insightful deliberation on the layered inequities and asymmetries created by the intersection of colonialism and anthropogenic activities. In The Nutmeg’s Curse, Ghosh conceives the present-day climate and ecological crisis as fallouts of colonial thinking and its manifestations in dominant epistemic and ethical constructions. This article underscores Ghosh’s critique of the Eurocentric discourses for their instrumentality in producing the totalitarian binaries of human and non-human, in which the ‘human’ was always the whites and the ‘non-human’ comprised all ‘others’—the non-whites, indigenous people, nature and ecology. In attributing agency and signifying authority to the white capitalist, this dualistic thinking has always conceived of the ‘others’ as non-humans—those who could be objectified, commodified and tampered with. This article explores how Ghosh repudiates this colonialist monolithic demarcation, which, in compliance with the discourse of the Anthropocene, had annihilated non-Western forms of signification, knowledge and ethics. The article focuses on how the systemic othering of Western modernity’s episteme had been incremental, leading to occurrences of ‘testimonial injustices’ and ‘hermeneutical injustices’—which had culminated in severe forms of epistemicide and unleashed, what Boaventura de Sousa Santos terms ‘cognitive injustice’—relegating indigeneity and ecology to precarious conditions. In accordance with this, this article argues that Ghosh envisages a critical necessity to dismantle the matrix of Western capitalist modernity and its associated narrative of the Anthropocene and claims for a conceptualization of decolonial ecological ethics that would prioritize an encompassing of the episteme produced by the ‘other’. An engagement with the indigenous voices and a restoration of non-Western modes of knowledge production are crucial, as they can offer new ethical dimensions to envision ecology and life with its multiplicities and facilitate ‘cognitive justice’ for the oppressed and unrepresented ‘other’.
阿米塔夫·高希的《肉豆蔻的诅咒》(2021)对殖民主义和人类活动交叉产生的分层不平等和不对称进行了深刻的思考。在《肉豆蔻的诅咒》中,高希认为当今的气候和生态危机是殖民思想的产物,并在占主导地位的认知和伦理建构中表现出来。本文强调了高希对欧洲中心主义话语的批判,因为它们在制造人类和非人类的极权主义二元对立中发挥了工具作用,其中“人类”总是白人,而“非人类”包括所有“他人”——非白人、土著人民、自然和生态。在将代理和象征权威归于白人资本家时,这种二元思维总是将“他者”视为非人类——那些可以被物化、商品化和篡改的人。本文探讨了高希是如何否定这种殖民主义的单一划分的,这种划分符合人类世的话语,已经消灭了非西方形式的意义、知识和伦理。这篇文章关注的是西方现代性知识的系统性异化是如何逐渐增加的,导致了“证言的不公正”和“解释性的不公正”的发生——最终导致了严重形式的知识灭绝,并释放了Boaventura de Sousa Santos所说的“认知的不公正”——将土著和生态降级到不稳定的状态。据此,本文认为高希设想了拆除西方资本主义现代性矩阵及其与人类世相关的叙事的关键必要性,并主张将非殖民化的生态伦理概念化,优先考虑由“他者”产生的知识。与土著声音的接触和非西方知识生产模式的恢复是至关重要的,因为它们可以提供新的伦理维度来设想生态和生活的多样性,并促进被压迫和未被代表的“他者”的“认知正义”。
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引用次数: 0
A Study of the Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Psychological Capital and Its Impact Using Systematic Literature Review 组织文化与心理资本关系及其影响的系统文献综述
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-06-11 DOI: 10.1177/09716858231172440
Saumya Aggarwal
The article discusses the relationship between organizational culture and psychological capital through a systematic literature review. The exploratory research methodology is adopted to identify and study the existing gap in the available literature on the relationship between organizational culture and psychological capital from year 2000 to 2021. The articles from the ‘Scopus’ and ‘Web of Science’ databases were selected for the review. The literature review mentions a positive interplaying role between organizational culture and PsyCap that influences several factors including work happiness, job performance, Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, burnout, innovation, etc. The article explores several antecedents and consequences of the two-way relationship between organizational culture and PsyCap.
本文通过系统的文献综述,探讨了组织文化与心理资本的关系。采用探索性研究方法,对2000年至2021年组织文化与心理资本关系的现有文献中存在的差距进行识别和研究。从“Scopus”和“Web of Science”数据库中选择文章进行审查。文献综述指出,组织文化与心理cap之间存在着积极的相互作用,影响着工作幸福感、工作绩效、组织公民行为、职业倦怠、创新等因素。本文探讨了组织文化和心理cap之间双向关系的几个前因后果。
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引用次数: 1
When Do Personal Factors Make Autonomy Motivational Orientation Worthwhile? A Case of Turnover Intentions 什么时候个人因素使自主动机取向变得值得?离职意向案例
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.1177/09716858231172590
Saidatt Senapaty, P. Venugopal
Several meta-analytic studies suggest that individual and contextual factors determine employees’ workplace quitting intentions. Autonomy motivational orientation as an individual factor has many beneficial outcomes, including a reduction in employee turnover intention. However, the studies in this area suggest that the influence is indirect. Grounded in self-determination theory and career stage theory, we hypothesize that the influence of employees’ autonomy motivational disposition on quitting intention is contingent on the level of employees’ age. Results of data collected from 340 engineers, marketing and service personnel from a large public sector undertaking supported our hypothesized model. Employees with high autonomy motivational disposition show less intention to leave the organization when they grow old than young. We conclude by discussing that employees behave for autonomous reasons and show greater organizational identity and less quitting intention with growing age.
几项元分析研究表明,个人因素和环境因素决定了员工的职场辞职意愿。自主性激励取向作为个体因素具有许多有益的结果,包括降低员工离职倾向。然而,该领域的研究表明,这种影响是间接的。基于自我决定理论和职业阶段理论,我们假设员工的自主动机倾向对离职意向的影响随员工年龄的高低而异。从一家大型公共部门的340名工程师、营销人员和服务人员中收集的数据结果支持了我们的假设模型。高自主性激励倾向的员工在年老时离职的意愿低于年轻员工。我们的结论是,随着年龄的增长,员工的行为出于自主原因,表现出更大的组织认同和更少的辞职意愿。
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引用次数: 0
Ecocritical Wisdom for Ecojustice: The Quintessence of Human Existence 生态正义的生态批判智慧:人类生存的精髓
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/09716858231160936
Bavetra Swaminathan, Ravi Chakravarthy
Ecocriticism is a theory that studies the relationship between humans and non-humans critically. The perception becomes the need of the hour as it stresses the interconnectedness between humans and Nature in the era of environmental sabotage. As Barbara Ward says, ‘We have forgotten how to be good guests, how to walk lightly on the earth as its other creatures do’ rather, humans pollute and erode the Natural elements. The interdependency between the environment and humans should be understood to lead to a better quality of life. Ecocriticism amidst the global crisis strives to reattach humans to their natural world. This article, stressing the significance of entwined movements like ecofeminism, eco-theology, ecosophy, and so on, shows realistic evidence to bring out the emergency to discuss, understand and practice the idea of Ecocriticism out in the practical world.
生态批评是一种批判性地研究人与非人之间关系的理论。这种感知成为时代的需要,因为它强调了在环境破坏时代人类和自然之间的相互联系。正如Barbara Ward所说,“我们忘记了如何成为好客人,忘记了如何像其他生物一样在地球上轻盈行走”,相反,人类污染和侵蚀了自然元素。环境和人类之间的相互依存关系应该被理解为能带来更好的生活质量。全球危机中的生态批评努力将人类重新连接到他们的自然世界。本文强调了生态女权主义、生态神学、生态哲学等相互交织的运动的意义,为在现实世界中探讨、理解和实践生态批评思想提供了现实的依据。
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引用次数: 0
Business in a Post-COVID World: The Move to Stakeholder Capitalism 后covid时代的商业:向利益相关者资本主义的转变
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/09716858231167100
R. Freeman, B. Freeman
The last 15 years have seen a remarkable set of changes in the global business environment. Established companies and start-ups alike have been subjected to some fundamental shifts in the very way that we conceptualize business. Together with some generational challenges we have seen myriad calls for a new narrative about business. And, even more recently, the COVID pandemic has reinforced a number of these shifts and led to even more fundamental change. The purpose of this essay is to outline these challenges to the dominant narrative about business and to suggest that it is no longer a useful way to think about value creation and trade (business).
过去15年,全球商业环境发生了一系列显著变化。老牌公司和初创公司都经历了一些根本性的转变,我们对商业的概念也发生了变化。再加上一些代际挑战,我们看到无数人呼吁对商业进行新的叙述。而就在最近,COVID大流行加强了其中的一些转变,并导致了更根本的变化。这篇文章的目的是概述这些挑战关于商业的主导叙事,并建议它不再是一个有用的方式来思考价值创造和贸易(商业)。
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引用次数: 0
Ideologies of Masculinity and Femininity in the Projection of the ‘National Language’: Gendered Discourse of Hindi–Urdu Dichotomization and Standardization “民族语言”投射中的男性和女性意识形态:印地语-乌尔都语二分和标准化的性别话语
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/09716858221148805
Ashutosh Kumar Singh, P. Dwivedi
This article takes the linguistic space of North India during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and tries to see how a nationalistic linguistic ideology that was shaping up at that time, creating Hindi and Urdu linguistic communities, used gender as a tool to portray and assert a masculinist vision of language and nation. It involved not just censoring certain representations of women and their cultural spaces, but also using the issue of ‘vulgar’ representations as a premise to marginalize certain languages and their literature. The article looks at the colonial ideology that worked as an enforcer for the nationalists to work towards achieving what they felt as a sanitized and moral form of literature and culture. The linguistic ideology that accompanied these revisions was of projecting Hindi (Khari Boli) as a national language while limiting spaces of other languages, such as Braj, Urdu and Bhojpuri, in the region, by criticizing either their use of sexual imagery or by stereotyping them in a gendered way. This article investigates the arguments of nationalist writers and highlights their masculinist and patriarchal ideas in their bid for the new national language.
本文以19世纪和20世纪北印度的语言空间为背景,试图了解当时正在形成的民族主义语言意识形态,创造了印地语和乌尔都语社区,如何将性别作为描绘和维护语言和国家的男性主义愿景的工具。它不仅涉及审查对女性及其文化空间的某些表征,而且还利用“粗俗”表征问题作为边缘化某些语言及其文学的前提。这篇文章着眼于殖民意识形态,它是民族主义者努力实现他们所认为的一种净化的道德形式的文学和文化的执行者。伴随这些修订而来的语言意识形态是将印地语(Khari Boli)作为一种民族语言,同时通过批评其对性意象的使用或以性别化的方式对其进行刻板印象,限制该地区其他语言的空间,如布拉杰语、乌尔都语和博杰普里语。本文调查了民族主义作家的论点,并强调了他们在争取新民族语言时的男子主义和父权主义思想。
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引用次数: 0
Special Issue on Sustainability, Ethics and CSR Practices in Post-pandemic Times 大流行后时代的可持续发展、道德和企业社会责任实践特刊
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/09716858231168936
C. Bhattacharya, R. Singh
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引用次数: 0
Insights from India’s Encounters with COVID-19 印度应对COVID-19的经验之谈
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/09716858231167513
M. Gowda, Fiza Thakur
The uncertainties relating to the COVID-19 pandemic continue to pose extraordinary challenges to policymakers worldwide. The recent lifting of restrictions in China raised the spectre of another wave of infections beyond its borders, which has thankfully not occurred, so far. Now, three years after the pandemic emerged, policy assumptions and responses are being re-evaluated—from whether the virus emerged as a laboratory leak, to whether vaccines have efficacy, to whether Sweden’s laissez-faire approach was superior to other countries’ ambitious interventions. We examine India’s experience with COVID-19—impressionistically—to draw larger lessons for policymakers. India’s responses were a mix of hits and misses. Some measures helped contain the pandemic and assisted those in need. Other measures seemed performative—geared towards garnering glory on the global stage. Together, they throw light on the challenges of coping with a crisis in real time.
与COVID-19大流行有关的不确定性继续给全球政策制定者带来巨大挑战。最近中国解除限制引发了另一波境外感染的幽灵,幸运的是,到目前为止,这种情况还没有发生。现在,在大流行出现三年后,政策假设和应对措施正在被重新评估——从病毒是否作为实验室泄漏出现,到疫苗是否有效,再到瑞典的自由放任方法是否优于其他国家雄心勃勃的干预措施。我们考察了印度应对covid -19的经验(印象性地),以便为政策制定者吸取更大的教训。印度的反应是命中和失败的混合。一些措施有助于控制疫情,并帮助有需要的人。其他措施似乎都是为了在全球舞台上赢得荣誉。它们共同揭示了实时应对危机的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Time to Teach Age Old Values Yamas and Niyamas as Part of Value Education to School children 是时候教古老的价值观了,Yamas和Niyamas是学童价值教育的一部分
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1177/09716858221150056
J. Swapna, Karuna Nagarajan
Value-based education aims to train students with appropriate attitude and values when they are interacting with their friends, family and outside the school. It helps in developing the child’s Personality, Character, Citizenship, and Spirituality. Stories are an effective tool and an ideal medium through which children can be taught essential life lessons. In ancient India, children were taught values and ethics through the oral story-telling tradition. Stories from Indian Folk tales such as Panchatantra, Hitopodesha, Epics like Ramayana and Bhagavad Gita were told to children during their childhood to teach them Ethics, Values which plays a significant role in their personality development. In this article, we have attempted to bring out the commonality between the values as given in Patanjali Yoga Sutras and HYP as Yamas (Social Discipline) and Niyamas (Personal Discipline) with the characters of Ramayana and the values given in Bhagavad Gita. It is easy to incorporate them in the curriculum with the help of stories class wise.
价值观教育旨在培养学生在与朋友、家人和校外交往时的正确态度和价值观。它有助于发展孩子的个性、性格、公民意识和精神。故事是一种有效的工具和理想的媒介,通过它可以教会孩子们重要的生活课程。在古印度,孩子们通过口头讲故事的传统被教导价值观和道德规范。印度民间故事,如《Panchatantra》、《Hitopodesha》,史诗,如《罗摩衍那》和《博伽梵歌》,在孩子们的童年时期就被讲给他们听,教会他们道德、价值观,这些在他们的个性发展中起着重要作用。在这篇文章中,我们试图找出帕坦伽利瑜伽经和HYP中所给出的价值观之间的共性,如罗摩衍那的特征和《博伽梵歌》中给出的价值观之间的Yamas(社会纪律)和Niyamas(个人纪律)。在课堂智慧故事的帮助下,很容易将它们纳入课程。
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引用次数: 0
Crime and Punishment: How Historical Narratives Affect the Evaluation of Restorative and Retributive Justice 罪与罚:历史叙事如何影响对恢复性正义与报应性正义的评价
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1177/09716858231154381
Juan David Hernandez-Posada, J. Corredor, Alejandra María Martínez-Salgado
This article explores how historical narratives affect the evaluation of political decisions regarding justice during peace negotiations. Specifically, this study evaluates how different narratives of the Colombian armed conflict relate to the preference for either restorative or retributive justice. Results revealed that a historically accurate narrative that included structural elements correlated with the preference for restorative justice, whereas a schematic narrative that focused on individual greed favoured the preference for retributive justice. These results are explained in terms of the characteristics of expert historical narratives, which include structural elements, such as economic and institutional factors. The presence of these elements in the explanation of conflicts decreases the weight of individual decisions and, in this way, prevent ingroup attributional biases.
本文探讨了历史叙述如何影响和平谈判期间有关正义的政治决策的评估。具体而言,本研究评估了哥伦比亚武装冲突的不同叙述如何与对恢复性正义或报复性正义的偏好相关。结果显示,包含结构性因素的历史准确叙事与对恢复性正义的偏好相关,而侧重于个人贪婪的图式叙事则倾向于对报复性正义的偏好。这些结果是根据专家历史叙事的特征来解释的,其中包括结构性因素,如经济和制度因素。在解释冲突时,这些因素的存在降低了个人决策的权重,从而防止了群体内归因偏差。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Human Values
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