Pub Date : 2018-04-10DOI: 10.4135/9781544354453.n13
Gabriel R. Serna, Spencer C. Weiler
Elected officials within the state of Colorado continue to attempt to address issues related to the funding of P-20 education, despite numerous limits placed on them due to anti-tax Constitutional Amendments and a divided legislative body, where the senate is controlled by the Republicans and the house is controlled by the Democrats. There is a growing sense of frustration in the state that could result in ballot initiatives aimed at restructuring the state’s funding formula.1 The current state of P-20 funding has been described as “a slow-moving collision involving Colorado tax policy, growing inequities in public schools, and other spending priorities like [the] state’s health insurance program and roads.”2
{"title":"Colorado","authors":"Gabriel R. Serna, Spencer C. Weiler","doi":"10.4135/9781544354453.n13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781544354453.n13","url":null,"abstract":"Elected officials within the state of Colorado continue to attempt to address issues related to the funding of P-20 education, despite numerous limits placed on them due to anti-tax Constitutional Amendments and a divided legislative body, where the senate is controlled by the Republicans and the house is controlled by the Democrats. There is a growing sense of frustration in the state that could result in ballot initiatives aimed at restructuring the state’s funding formula.1 The current state of P-20 funding has been described as “a slow-moving collision involving Colorado tax policy, growing inequities in public schools, and other spending priorities like [the] state’s health insurance program and roads.”2","PeriodicalId":44075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Finance","volume":"43 1","pages":"235 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42100273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alabama","authors":"Philip R. Westbrook, Brenda Mendiola","doi":"10.32388/xla7f4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/xla7f4","url":null,"abstract":"This is a datasheet on Alabama.","PeriodicalId":44075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Finance","volume":"43 1","pages":"220 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41339636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wyoming","authors":"Joshua M. Cohen","doi":"10.32388/7iyz6a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/7iyz6a","url":null,"abstract":"This is a datasheet on Wyoming.","PeriodicalId":44075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Finance","volume":"43 1","pages":"323 - 325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42470629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deborah A. Verstegen, Ó. Jiménez-Castellanos, Davíd G. Martínez
{"title":"Nevada","authors":"Deborah A. Verstegen, Ó. Jiménez-Castellanos, Davíd G. Martínez","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1chs6hx.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1chs6hx.34","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Finance","volume":"43 1","pages":"277 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44227067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
funding priorities for p-12 For this year’s state budget, the State of California approved Proposition 98 (a minimum funding guarantee amendment that determines general funding for education) resulting in a funding increase of $2.6 billion over the 2016 level to $74.5 billion. This increase included $50 million in Prop 98 Funds to increase provider reimbursement rates for After School and Education Safety Programs. It also provides $41.3 million in one time funds for teacher recruitment and development programs funded by Proposition 98 General Funds ($30 million) and Federal Title II funds ($11.3 million). Twenty-five million dollars in one-time Prop 8 General Funds have been earmarked to support the California Classified School Employees Credentialing program, which provides grants to K-12 agencies to support recruitment of noncertified employees to participate in California teacher preparation programs. Districts will also see an increase in $5 million in one-time Prop 8 General Funds for competitive grants to support professional development for teacher and paraprofessional providing bilingual and multilingual instruction. The state approved a total of $57.3 billion in Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF) Funding and an additional $1.4 billion towards the implementation of the Local Control Funding Formula (in its fifth year) which will result in LCFF being 97% completely implemented. The state will provide an increase of an additional $7 million in LCFF resource augmentation funds for County Office of Educations to support Local Control and Accountability Plan review and technical assistance workload and an increase of $3.5 million Prop 98 General Funds to reflect Cost of Living Adjustments for a K-12 mandate block grant. A total of $76.9 million was appropriated to fund a 1.56% Cost of Living Adjustment for several categories programs (e.g., Special Education, Foster Youth) external to LCFF. Proposition 98 will also provide an increase of $2.5 million in one-time General Funds to support local education agencies in their promotion of equity
{"title":"California","authors":"Henry Tran","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1chs6hx.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1chs6hx.11","url":null,"abstract":"funding priorities for p-12 For this year’s state budget, the State of California approved Proposition 98 (a minimum funding guarantee amendment that determines general funding for education) resulting in a funding increase of $2.6 billion over the 2016 level to $74.5 billion. This increase included $50 million in Prop 98 Funds to increase provider reimbursement rates for After School and Education Safety Programs. It also provides $41.3 million in one time funds for teacher recruitment and development programs funded by Proposition 98 General Funds ($30 million) and Federal Title II funds ($11.3 million). Twenty-five million dollars in one-time Prop 8 General Funds have been earmarked to support the California Classified School Employees Credentialing program, which provides grants to K-12 agencies to support recruitment of noncertified employees to participate in California teacher preparation programs. Districts will also see an increase in $5 million in one-time Prop 8 General Funds for competitive grants to support professional development for teacher and paraprofessional providing bilingual and multilingual instruction. The state approved a total of $57.3 billion in Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF) Funding and an additional $1.4 billion towards the implementation of the Local Control Funding Formula (in its fifth year) which will result in LCFF being 97% completely implemented. The state will provide an increase of an additional $7 million in LCFF resource augmentation funds for County Office of Educations to support Local Control and Accountability Plan review and technical assistance workload and an increase of $3.5 million Prop 98 General Funds to reflect Cost of Living Adjustments for a K-12 mandate block grant. A total of $76.9 million was appropriated to fund a 1.56% Cost of Living Adjustment for several categories programs (e.g., Special Education, Foster Youth) external to LCFF. Proposition 98 will also provide an increase of $2.5 million in one-time General Funds to support local education agencies in their promotion of equity","PeriodicalId":44075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Finance","volume":"65 1","pages":"232 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68789243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
funding priorities for p-12 and/or higher education New Mexico’s per-pupil school expenditures have increased by 1.6% from $10,614 in 2016 to $10,785 in 2017 (NEA, 2017). Despite the increase, New Mexico spends approximately 89% of the projected 2017 national average of $11,984. This change corresponds to a reduction in New Mexico’s school finance national rank to 32nd overall.1 The proposed FY 2017 budget allocated approximately 44% of all new projected revenue for public education ($101 million). This proposed budget allocated $2.84 billion total for public schools in the state. New Mexico’s FY 2017 general fund budget increased by $228 million (3.7%) over the FY 2016 budget, to $6.5 billion.2 The FY 2018 budget proposes a decrease to the public education general fund of $170 million to $2.67 billion. This decrease includes reductions in funding of $37.8 million in equalization guarantee, $30 million in transportation and instructional materials, and $4.5 million in Governor allocated classroom reform funds.3 New Mexico continues to rely heavily on State sources of revenue to fund education. Federal sources equal $499 million4 while local sources make up $694 million5 of total revenue toward education. New Mexico also decreased combined higher education, funding from FY 2017 to FY 2018. The state FY 2018 proposal includes allocations of $779 million for higher education, down from $786 million in FY 2017. As of May 2017, it was unclear if this funding would actually funnel toward the various colleges and universities of the state as Governor Susanna Martinez has taken several legislative steps to strip this funding with the use of administrative veto. It may take some time until the fiscal challenges to higher education in New Mexico are
{"title":"New Mexico","authors":"Davíd G. Martínez, Ó. Jiménez-Castellanos","doi":"10.3133/fs03299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs03299","url":null,"abstract":"funding priorities for p-12 and/or higher education New Mexico’s per-pupil school expenditures have increased by 1.6% from $10,614 in 2016 to $10,785 in 2017 (NEA, 2017). Despite the increase, New Mexico spends approximately 89% of the projected 2017 national average of $11,984. This change corresponds to a reduction in New Mexico’s school finance national rank to 32nd overall.1 The proposed FY 2017 budget allocated approximately 44% of all new projected revenue for public education ($101 million). This proposed budget allocated $2.84 billion total for public schools in the state. New Mexico’s FY 2017 general fund budget increased by $228 million (3.7%) over the FY 2016 budget, to $6.5 billion.2 The FY 2018 budget proposes a decrease to the public education general fund of $170 million to $2.67 billion. This decrease includes reductions in funding of $37.8 million in equalization guarantee, $30 million in transportation and instructional materials, and $4.5 million in Governor allocated classroom reform funds.3 New Mexico continues to rely heavily on State sources of revenue to fund education. Federal sources equal $499 million4 while local sources make up $694 million5 of total revenue toward education. New Mexico also decreased combined higher education, funding from FY 2017 to FY 2018. The state FY 2018 proposal includes allocations of $779 million for higher education, down from $786 million in FY 2017. As of May 2017, it was unclear if this funding would actually funnel toward the various colleges and universities of the state as Governor Susanna Martinez has taken several legislative steps to strip this funding with the use of administrative veto. It may take some time until the fiscal challenges to higher education in New Mexico are","PeriodicalId":44075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Finance","volume":"43 1","pages":"285 - 287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45316336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-10DOI: 10.3828/liverpool/9781942954484.003.0005
F. F. Ayata, Jeremy M. Anderson
Frost earned his first of four Pulitzer Prizes for the collection New Hampshire, which was published in 1923. In the years preceding this volume, Frost endured personal heartache, including family deaths and illnesses, as well as increasing professional success. This collection contains many references to geology, astronomy, and exploration, as well as traditional nature themes. The astronomical poems are becoming more theoretical and less observational, incorporating references to new theories about the universe (“Fire and Ice” and “A Never Naught Song.) In a continuation of themes from Mountain Interval, Frost also describes man’s destruction of nature in such poems as “The Census-Taker.” The beauty and challenges of rural life are addressed in poems such as “The Star-Splitter,” “Good-by and Keep Cold,” and “The Need of Being Versed in Country Things.”
{"title":"New Hampshire","authors":"F. F. Ayata, Jeremy M. Anderson","doi":"10.3828/liverpool/9781942954484.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781942954484.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Frost earned his first of four Pulitzer Prizes for the collection New Hampshire, which was published in 1923. In the years preceding this volume, Frost endured personal heartache, including family deaths and illnesses, as well as increasing professional success. This collection contains many references to geology, astronomy, and exploration, as well as traditional nature themes. The astronomical poems are becoming more theoretical and less observational, incorporating references to new theories about the universe (“Fire and Ice” and “A Never Naught Song.) In a continuation of themes from Mountain Interval, Frost also describes man’s destruction of nature in such poems as “The Census-Taker.” The beauty and challenges of rural life are addressed in poems such as “The Star-Splitter,” “Good-by and Keep Cold,” and “The Need of Being Versed in Country Things.”","PeriodicalId":44075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Finance","volume":"262 1","pages":"280 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78422755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
background Nationwide, public and higher education are still recovering from the Great Recession. Virginia is no exception, but its relative position has improved over the last five years. The July 26, 2017, Bureau of Economic Analysis reported that Virginia’s GDP grew by 2.0%1 -an improvement over last year’s 0.6% growth. Virginia’s 2017 total general fund revenues fell short of projections by $268.9 million (1.5%), and transfers to the general fund fell short by $10.4 million. A modest 3.9% increase in revenue is forecast for FY 2018.2 Virginia passes a biennial budget, and the governor serves a four-year term and may not serve a consecutive term. The current governor proposes a budget that will be amended by the newly elected governor for the FY 2019 budget. Virginia is currently in the FY 2016-18 version with the amended FY 2018 budget. Currently, the House and the Senate are both controlled by Republicans working with a Democratic Governor. A Gubernatorial election will be held in November 2017 with substantial potential impact to education.
{"title":"Virginia","authors":"W. Owings, L. Kaplan","doi":"10.1787/85e17923-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/85e17923-en","url":null,"abstract":"background Nationwide, public and higher education are still recovering from the Great Recession. Virginia is no exception, but its relative position has improved over the last five years. The July 26, 2017, Bureau of Economic Analysis reported that Virginia’s GDP grew by 2.0%1 -an improvement over last year’s 0.6% growth. Virginia’s 2017 total general fund revenues fell short of projections by $268.9 million (1.5%), and transfers to the general fund fell short by $10.4 million. A modest 3.9% increase in revenue is forecast for FY 2018.2 Virginia passes a biennial budget, and the governor serves a four-year term and may not serve a consecutive term. The current governor proposes a budget that will be amended by the newly elected governor for the FY 2019 budget. Virginia is currently in the FY 2016-18 version with the amended FY 2018 budget. Currently, the House and the Senate are both controlled by Republicans working with a Democratic Governor. A Gubernatorial election will be held in November 2017 with substantial potential impact to education.","PeriodicalId":44075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education Finance","volume":"43 1","pages":"314 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44485410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-10DOI: 10.4135/9781544354453.n9
Amy L. Dagley
The Alaska legislature appropriates K-12 funding to the Department of Education and Early Development, and distributes funds to 53 public school districts and Mt. Edgecumbe High School, a state-run boarding school available to students from remote areas. While the legislature controls the University of Alaska’s funding, it provides the university authority to spend its own receipts, including federal grant funding, and tuition and fees. Alaska faces unique challenges in providing educational support to remote, and often small, school districts. Since the last published report on Alaska in this journal, Alaska has struggled with funding state programs, including education, due to the price of oil dropping and a growing deficit, currently over $2.5 billion. Alaska relies on oil revenues, investment earnings, and federal funding as the main sources of revenue, and is the only state without a personal income tax or a state sales tax.
阿拉斯加州立法机构将K-12的资金拨给了教育和早期发展部(Department of Education and Early Development)，并将资金分配给53个公立学区和埃奇库姆山高中(Mt. Edgecumbe High school)，这是一所面向偏远地区学生的公立寄宿学校。虽然立法机关控制着阿拉斯加大学的资金，但它赋予大学使用自己收入的权力，包括联邦拨款和学杂费。阿拉斯加州面临着独特的挑战，即为偏远且往往规模较小的学区提供教育支持。自从上一篇关于阿拉斯加的报道在本刊上发表以来，由于油价下跌和不断增长的赤字(目前超过25亿美元)，阿拉斯加一直在努力为包括教育在内的国家项目提供资金。阿拉斯加依靠石油收入、投资收益和联邦资金作为主要收入来源，是唯一一个不征收个人所得税和州销售税的州。
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