Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18331
Kim Rainer Mattson, Lærke Lindgreen Lauritsen, Johan Berg Pettersen
Norway is one of the countries in Europe generating the most waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) per capita. Extended producer responsibility schemes are incorporated as part of the national waste policy, with clear goals towards recovery of materials from the waste fraction. Investigating the WEEE flows in Norway, we observe clear improvements needed in the transparency of the sector, and based on the information gathered, we estimate lower recycling of materials than provided through official statistics based on reporting. 68% of WEEE sent to recycling treatments are recycled into reusable material. Accounting for WEEE occurring outside of the treatment system, only 58% is recovered for recycling. We also estimate the CO2-eq emissions of different End-of-Life treatments of WEEE, and the embodied CO2-equivalent emissions of each WEEE category, illustrating 1) what category carry the largest environmental burden with respect to its embedded materials, and 2) the environmental impact of specific treatment options within the system. We show how the recycling rate of precious metals have significant influence over the environmental impact recovery potential of the system. Its not just the amount of material that is recycled that is important, including a proxy for expended emissions effectively illustrates the need for more precise policy implementation to ensure a functional circular economy.
{"title":"Electronic Waste Treatment Flows in Norway: Investigating recycling rates and embodied emissions","authors":"Kim Rainer Mattson, Lærke Lindgreen Lauritsen, Johan Berg Pettersen","doi":"10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18331","url":null,"abstract":"Norway is one of the countries in Europe generating the most waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) per capita. Extended producer responsibility schemes are incorporated as part of the national waste policy, with clear goals towards recovery of materials from the waste fraction. Investigating the WEEE flows in Norway, we observe clear improvements needed in the transparency of the sector, and based on the information gathered, we estimate lower recycling of materials than provided through official statistics based on reporting. 68% of WEEE sent to recycling treatments are recycled into reusable material. Accounting for WEEE occurring outside of the treatment system, only 58% is recovered for recycling. We also estimate the CO2-eq emissions of different End-of-Life treatments of WEEE, and the embodied CO2-equivalent emissions of each WEEE category, illustrating 1) what category carry the largest environmental burden with respect to its embedded materials, and 2) the environmental impact of specific treatment options within the system. We show how the recycling rate of precious metals have significant influence over the environmental impact recovery potential of the system. Its not just the amount of material that is recycled that is important, including a proxy for expended emissions effectively illustrates the need for more precise policy implementation to ensure a functional circular economy.","PeriodicalId":44191,"journal":{"name":"Detritus","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Concrete is recognized as the second most consumed materials in the whole world. Therefore, applying circular solutions to concrete, like recycling or reusing can guarantee a considerable benefits in terms of environmental impacts. In this paper, a comparative life cycle assessment is done for different recipes of recycled concrete aggregates in comparison to a recipe of virgin concrete aggregate, which are used in a case study called “Musterbude”. The recycling rate of aggregates used in the recipes are 45%, 60%, and 100% and they are supplied from different resources. For environmental impacts calculation, each recipe is defined as a scenario and their impacts are compared to each. The life cycle assessment results show that, despite low performance in water depletion indicator, the recipes with 100% recycled aggregates shows the best performance from environmental point of view.
{"title":"Comparative life cycle assessment of different recycled concrete aggregates","authors":"Mahsa Doostdar, Janus zum Brock, Annachiara Ceraso, Ariana Carolina Morales Rapallo, Kerstin Kuchta","doi":"10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18324","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete is recognized as the second most consumed materials in the whole world. Therefore, applying circular solutions to concrete, like recycling or reusing can guarantee a considerable benefits in terms of environmental impacts. In this paper, a comparative life cycle assessment is done for different recipes of recycled concrete aggregates in comparison to a recipe of virgin concrete aggregate, which are used in a case study called “Musterbude”. The recycling rate of aggregates used in the recipes are 45%, 60%, and 100% and they are supplied from different resources. For environmental impacts calculation, each recipe is defined as a scenario and their impacts are compared to each. The life cycle assessment results show that, despite low performance in water depletion indicator, the recipes with 100% recycled aggregates shows the best performance from environmental point of view.","PeriodicalId":44191,"journal":{"name":"Detritus","volume":"78 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139131921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The European Union (EU) prioritises sustainable development and aims to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 through investments in green technologies and a legislative climate framework. Waste collection and treatment systems, including biowaste like food waste, protect natural capital and citizens' well-being. Directive 2008/98/EC defines biowaste and sets the stage for exploring alternative solutions. This study focuses on the city of Guarda (Portugal) and analyses the use of disposers for food waste treatment. By comparing storage/collection systems with disposers regarding environmental and economic costs and benefits, the study aims to determine the most effective solution for collecting food waste. The analysis utilises a simulator provided by the Portuguese Fundo Ambiental®. The results show that while operating costs are higher for food waste collection systems, disposers require a more significant initial investment. Nevertheless, the cost-benefit ratio favours disposers, while the net present value analysis suggests that the food waste collection system is more favourable. Additionally, food waste collection systems contribute to higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per tonne of food waste compared to using disposers.
{"title":"Food waste collection versus food waste disposers: A case study of a Portuguese city","authors":"Pedro Melo Rodrigues, Ricardo Rodrigues, Fátima David, Nuno Melo, Elisabete Soares","doi":"10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18326","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union (EU) prioritises sustainable development and aims to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 through investments in green technologies and a legislative climate framework. Waste collection and treatment systems, including biowaste like food waste, protect natural capital and citizens' well-being. Directive 2008/98/EC defines biowaste and sets the stage for exploring alternative solutions. This study focuses on the city of Guarda (Portugal) and analyses the use of disposers for food waste treatment. By comparing storage/collection systems with disposers regarding environmental and economic costs and benefits, the study aims to determine the most effective solution for collecting food waste. The analysis utilises a simulator provided by the Portuguese Fundo Ambiental®. The results show that while operating costs are higher for food waste collection systems, disposers require a more significant initial investment. Nevertheless, the cost-benefit ratio favours disposers, while the net present value analysis suggests that the food waste collection system is more favourable. Additionally, food waste collection systems contribute to higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per tonne of food waste compared to using disposers.","PeriodicalId":44191,"journal":{"name":"Detritus","volume":"84 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18325
Susanne N. Mahnik, Marc Hoffmann, N. Fraeyman, Dimitrios Komilis
In this paper, the differences regarding hospital waste management, specifically regarding the legal and technical situation and the definition of hazardous hospital waste in four member states (Austria, Belgium, Germany and Greece) are presented. All countries follow the legal guidelines of the European Union, but the technical situation, especially the possibilities for thermal waste disposal in incineration plants are different. Also, the definition and categories of hazardous medical wastes is different in the aforementioned four EU member states. The annual production amounts of medical waste in selected countries are presented, as well as criteria that lead to their classification as hazardous medical waste.
{"title":"HOSPITAL WASTE – LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK AND MANAGEMENT DIFFERENTIATIONS IN AUSTRIA, BELGIUM, GERMANY AND GREECE","authors":"Susanne N. Mahnik, Marc Hoffmann, N. Fraeyman, Dimitrios Komilis","doi":"10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18325","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the differences regarding hospital waste management, specifically regarding the legal and technical situation and the definition of hazardous hospital waste in four member states (Austria, Belgium, Germany and Greece) are presented. All countries follow the legal guidelines of the European Union, but the technical situation, especially the possibilities for thermal waste disposal in incineration plants are different. Also, the definition and categories of hazardous medical wastes is different in the aforementioned four EU member states. The annual production amounts of medical waste in selected countries are presented, as well as criteria that lead to their classification as hazardous medical waste.","PeriodicalId":44191,"journal":{"name":"Detritus","volume":"101 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18328
Mohammed Zari, Richard Smith, Rebecca Ferrari
Mining operations are one of the most significant sources of particulate emissions in the atmosphere. Landfill mining (LFM) process activities, including excavation, screening, shredding, and equipment handling, have the potential to emit particulate matter into the environment as short-term episodic emissions during operational periods. Previous investigations show that LFM activities can potentially cause human health and environmental impacts through exposure of these emissions. This paper evaluates the dust emission rate of such activities to understand factors responsible for higher emissions rate and determine where any pressure points exist in order to mitigate risk. Nine empirical formulas were adopted from surface mining activities, including point, line, and area sources of activity. Parameters identified in the equations were adjusted to LFM application conditions. From emission results, it is observed that point source activities were the major sources of emission. The study area was divided into multiple phases and one phase cumulative for the maximum/average/minimum point sources emissions over the lifetime of the landfill mining operation calculated in this study are approximately 5.04 tonnes (t) / 3.23 (t) / 1.61 (t), respectively. However, the one phase cumulative for the maximum/average/minimum line sources emissions over the lifetime of the landfill mining operation are approximately 100.8 (kg/m) / 40.32 (kg/m) / 20.16 (kg/m), respectively. Mitigation measures to control high emission rate of LFM related activity, such as utilising tankers or bowsers to spray water around the LFM area, to control airborne emissions, should be considered. The results of this research are expected to inform air dispersion modelling for environmental impact assessment studies of air pollution.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF DUST EMISSION RATE FROM LANDFILL MINING ACTIVITIES","authors":"Mohammed Zari, Richard Smith, Rebecca Ferrari","doi":"10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18328","url":null,"abstract":"Mining operations are one of the most significant sources of particulate emissions in the atmosphere. Landfill mining (LFM) process activities, including excavation, screening, shredding, and equipment handling, have the potential to emit particulate matter into the environment as short-term episodic emissions during operational periods. Previous investigations show that LFM activities can potentially cause human health and environmental impacts through exposure of these emissions. This paper evaluates the dust emission rate of such activities to understand factors responsible for higher emissions rate and determine where any pressure points exist in order to mitigate risk. Nine empirical formulas were adopted from surface mining activities, including point, line, and area sources of activity. Parameters identified in the equations were adjusted to LFM application conditions. From emission results, it is observed that point source activities were the major sources of emission. The study area was divided into multiple phases and one phase cumulative for the maximum/average/minimum point sources emissions over the lifetime of the landfill mining operation calculated in this study are approximately 5.04 tonnes (t) / 3.23 (t) / 1.61 (t), respectively. However, the one phase cumulative for the maximum/average/minimum line sources emissions over the lifetime of the landfill mining operation are approximately 100.8 (kg/m) / 40.32 (kg/m) / 20.16 (kg/m), respectively. Mitigation measures to control high emission rate of LFM related activity, such as utilising tankers or bowsers to spray water around the LFM area, to control airborne emissions, should be considered. The results of this research are expected to inform air dispersion modelling for environmental impact assessment studies of air pollution.","PeriodicalId":44191,"journal":{"name":"Detritus","volume":"112 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18323
Ateeq Rahman, Hilaria Hakwenye, V. Uahengo
Sustainability is crucial for the survival of mankind, ecosystem for the development of society. There have been huge amount of waste have been dumped which creates pollutions. Hence, from Green chemistry perspective it is a protocol to design heterogeneous catalysts which can yield products from waste products with minimization of wastes pollution with environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalytic process for the developed environmentally friendly products with longevity. Such green synthesized heterogeneous catalysts will replace the existing homogeneous process to heterogeneous catalysts being developed from waste materials. This abstract highlight key aspects on the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts derived from waste materials such as egg shell, rice husk for synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles developed, which can applied for biomass conversions, to environmental remediation, heterogeneous catalysts for organic transformations. These egg shell CaO catalysts are characterized using analytical techniques, such as: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric-Differential Thermal Analyzer (TG-DTA), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, which gives its complete picture of its structure, porosity, morphology, thermal stability, reusability, and activity of catalysts. Hence heterogeneous catalysts developed from egg shell wastes and medical plants will become increasingly popular since two decades. Since, the egg shell waste is developed into egg shell CaO catalysts for cleaner, reusable, eco-friendly catalysts for economic growth for Namibia and other developing and underdeveloped countries.
{"title":"WASTE EGGSHELLS AS CATALYSTS: AN ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY APPROACH","authors":"Ateeq Rahman, Hilaria Hakwenye, V. Uahengo","doi":"10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18323","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability is crucial for the survival of mankind, ecosystem for the development of society. There have been huge amount of waste have been dumped which creates pollutions. Hence, from Green chemistry perspective it is a protocol to design heterogeneous catalysts which can yield products from waste products with minimization of wastes pollution with environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalytic process for the developed environmentally friendly products with longevity. Such green synthesized heterogeneous catalysts will replace the existing homogeneous process to heterogeneous catalysts being developed from waste materials. This abstract highlight key aspects on the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts derived from waste materials such as egg shell, rice husk for synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles developed, which can applied for biomass conversions, to environmental remediation, heterogeneous catalysts for organic transformations. These egg shell CaO catalysts are characterized using analytical techniques, such as: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric-Differential Thermal Analyzer (TG-DTA), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, which gives its complete picture of its structure, porosity, morphology, thermal stability, reusability, and activity of catalysts. Hence heterogeneous catalysts developed from egg shell wastes and medical plants will become increasingly popular since two decades. Since, the egg shell waste is developed into egg shell CaO catalysts for cleaner, reusable, eco-friendly catalysts for economic growth for Namibia and other developing and underdeveloped countries.","PeriodicalId":44191,"journal":{"name":"Detritus","volume":"22 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18330
Vesna Žepič Bogataj, Peter Fajs, C. Penalva, Georgios Tsatsos
In this work new biocomposite materials from wasted citrus peels has been validated for a value-added packaging and novel cosmetic products. Specifically, extracted natural fibres and dehydrated pulp from citrus fruit were combined with polylactic acid and other additives as materials for the production of bio-based packaging jars and cosmetic products. For the composition of the packaging an orange powder (dehydrated wastes) was found to be the best performing, while orange comminute, which results from milling the orange peel, was most suitable for composition of the cosmetic formulations. Polylactic acid was compounded with citrus fibres by up to 25 wt.% by twin screw extrusion and processed via injection moulding, one of the most widespread processing technologies for producing rigid packaging containers. Composites were characterized, defining their mechanical, morphological and thermal properties. Validation of packaging thermostability performance was performed by Heat deflection temperature in compliance to ISO75 and VICAT softening temperature in accordance with ISO306. Compatibility tests of packaging demonstrators with newly formulated cosmetic products has been investigated as well. An accelerated compatibility test of the cosmetic jars with water and oil-based simulants was performed at ambient temperature, -5 °C, and at 45 °C. The results indicated that new cosmetic packaging are not consistent with water-based cosmetic formulations but are compatible with products based on natural oils. While the price of these products is generally higher than those using conventional plastics, they are competitive for premium cosmetic brands.
在这项工作中，从废弃柑橘皮中提取的新型生物复合材料已被验证可用于生产增值包装和新型化妆品。具体来说，从柑橘类水果中提取的天然纤维和脱水果肉与聚乳酸和其他添加剂相结合，作为生产生物基包装罐和化妆品的材料。研究发现，橘子粉（脱水废料）的性能最佳，而碾磨橘子皮后得到的橘子碎屑最适合用于化妆品配方。通过双螺杆挤压法将聚乳酸与柑橘纤维进行复合，复合比例最高可达 25%，然后通过注射成型法进行加工，注射成型法是生产硬质包装容器最常用的加工技术之一。对复合材料进行了表征，确定了其机械、形态和热性能。根据 ISO75 标准和 ISO306 标准，通过热变形温度和 VICAT 软化温度验证了包装的热稳定性能。此外，还研究了包装演示器与新配制的化妆品的兼容性测试。在环境温度、-5 °C 和 45 °C 下，对化妆品罐与水基和油基模拟物进行了加速兼容性测试。结果表明，新型化妆品包装与水基化妆品配方不一致，但与天然油基产品兼容。虽然这些产品的价格普遍高于使用传统塑料的产品，但对于高档化妆品品牌来说，它们还是具有竞争力的。
{"title":"Citrus waste fibres for natural cosmetic and bioplastic packaging","authors":"Vesna Žepič Bogataj, Peter Fajs, C. Penalva, Georgios Tsatsos","doi":"10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18330","url":null,"abstract":"In this work new biocomposite materials from wasted citrus peels has been validated for a value-added packaging and novel cosmetic products. Specifically, extracted natural fibres and dehydrated pulp from citrus fruit were combined with polylactic acid and other additives as materials for the production of bio-based packaging jars and cosmetic products. For the composition of the packaging an orange powder (dehydrated wastes) was found to be the best performing, while orange comminute, which results from milling the orange peel, was most suitable for composition of the cosmetic formulations. Polylactic acid was compounded with citrus fibres by up to 25 wt.% by twin screw extrusion and processed via injection moulding, one of the most widespread processing technologies for producing rigid packaging containers. Composites were characterized, defining their mechanical, morphological and thermal properties. Validation of packaging thermostability performance was performed by Heat deflection temperature in compliance to ISO75 and VICAT softening temperature in accordance with ISO306. Compatibility tests of packaging demonstrators with newly formulated cosmetic products has been investigated as well. An accelerated compatibility test of the cosmetic jars with water and oil-based simulants was performed at ambient temperature, -5 °C, and at 45 °C. The results indicated that new cosmetic packaging are not consistent with water-based cosmetic formulations but are compatible with products based on natural oils. While the price of these products is generally higher than those using conventional plastics, they are competitive for premium cosmetic brands.","PeriodicalId":44191,"journal":{"name":"Detritus","volume":" 365","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18332
Oskar Johannson
{"title":"WASTE MANAGEMENT WITHIN EUROPEAN UNION: MUST THE DISCOURSE CHANGE?","authors":"Oskar Johannson","doi":"10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18332","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44191,"journal":{"name":"Detritus","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18329
Ana Mariele Domingues, Ricardo Gabbay de Souza, A. R. Ometto, Sandro Donnini Mancini, Flavia Carla dos Santos Martins Padoan, Jose Rocha Andrade da Silva
Recycling lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a solution to minimise the environmental problems caused by the consumption of natural resources and the generation of hazardous waste. This paper aims to assess the potential environmental impacts and benefits of four scenarios for recycling LIBs from smartphones and laptops using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The methodological approach followed four steps: i) scenario modelling representing the current and future situations of LIBs End-of-Life (EoL) management from smartphones and laptops; ii) estimating smartphones, laptops and respective LIBs waste generation; iii) mapping representative recycling options; and iv) assessment of potential environmental impacts using LCA with 16 ILCD midpoint categories. The results revealed that hydrometallurgical recycling in Brazil could be less harmful than pyrohydrometallurgical recycling in Europe in 12 impact categories. The benefits of recycling are mainly of Co and Ni recovery. Results of scenarios indicate that the more optimistic scenario, which includes expanding Reverse Logistics to 50% of collection, internal recycling to 75%, and reducing of LIBs waste sent to landfills in 44%, had the best environmental performance in all 13 impacts categories. For the Climate change category, scenario 4 presents net environmental benefits of -1.83E+05 kgCO2eq while scenarios 1, 2 and 3 do not present a net environmental benefit. Scenarios assessment shows that more significant environmental benefits are achieved when the formal collection rate is increased, and the less impactful technology option makes the recovery of materials. These results can help decision-makers promote the management and recycling more sustainable of LIBs waste.
{"title":"LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF SCENARIOS FOR END-OF-LIFE MANAGEMENT OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES FROM SMARTPHONES AND LAPTOPS","authors":"Ana Mariele Domingues, Ricardo Gabbay de Souza, A. R. Ometto, Sandro Donnini Mancini, Flavia Carla dos Santos Martins Padoan, Jose Rocha Andrade da Silva","doi":"10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18329","url":null,"abstract":"Recycling lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a solution to minimise the environmental problems caused by the consumption of natural resources and the generation of hazardous waste. This paper aims to assess the potential environmental impacts and benefits of four scenarios for recycling LIBs from smartphones and laptops using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The methodological approach followed four steps: i) scenario modelling representing the current and future situations of LIBs End-of-Life (EoL) management from smartphones and laptops; ii) estimating smartphones, laptops and respective LIBs waste generation; iii) mapping representative recycling options; and iv) assessment of potential environmental impacts using LCA with 16 ILCD midpoint categories. The results revealed that hydrometallurgical recycling in Brazil could be less harmful than pyrohydrometallurgical recycling in Europe in 12 impact categories. The benefits of recycling are mainly of Co and Ni recovery. Results of scenarios indicate that the more optimistic scenario, which includes expanding Reverse Logistics to 50% of collection, internal recycling to 75%, and reducing of LIBs waste sent to landfills in 44%, had the best environmental performance in all 13 impacts categories. For the Climate change category, scenario 4 presents net environmental benefits of -1.83E+05 kgCO2eq while scenarios 1, 2 and 3 do not present a net environmental benefit. Scenarios assessment shows that more significant environmental benefits are achieved when the formal collection rate is increased, and the less impactful technology option makes the recovery of materials. These results can help decision-makers promote the management and recycling more sustainable of LIBs waste.","PeriodicalId":44191,"journal":{"name":"Detritus","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18308
Tommy Ender, Vicky Shettigondahalli Ekanthalu, Michael Nelles
As the result of new regulation from the German Sewage Sludge Ordinance (AbfKlärV 2017) and the future obligation to recover phosphorus, thermal treatment (mono-incineration) has become increasingly popular, whereas land-based utilization has decreased. Germany has produced 1.71 million metric tons (DM) of sewage sludge in the year 2021. Sewage sludge contains important nutrients such as phosphorus but also heavy metals and organic pollutants making the direct utilization of sewage sludge in agriculture controversial. Rural areas in particular have benefited from land-based sewage sludge utilization however the future ban on direct land-based utilization is forcing them to find alternative solutions for sewage sludge treatment and management. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has developed considerably over the last 15 years and offers a viable alternative for the utilization of municipal and industrial organic waste such as sewage sludge. The process takes place in an aqueous environment without the need for pre-drying sewage sludge and thereby facilitating direct processing. HTC is especially suitable in combination with the recovery of nutrients like phosphorus. Technologies to recover this essential resource are important because phosphorus is an element that cannot be substituted and is therefore essential. HTC could make a significant contribution to sewage sludge management in combination with phosphorus recovery. However, the technology has yet to establish itself as a sewage sludge valorization process (2023) and is not yet a recognized state-of-the-art. Nevertheless, the HTC technology could gain greater relevance in the future, especially as an alternative valorization pathway for sewage sludge in rural areas of Germany.
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