Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.33137/twpl.v46i1.39257
Brandon Chaperon
Kirundi has two principle ways of expressing negation: nti-/si- and ta-. One occurs before subject-marking in matrix clauses (primary/NEG1) and the other after subject-marking in embedded clauses or following A’-movement (secondary/NEG2) respectively. Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate the distinction between primary and secondary negation in Kirundi. I argue that the different contexts and positions for negation are due to left peripheral phenomena. More specifically, when C0 is filled in subordinate clauses and following A’-extraction, primary negation is blocked from occurring. In these cases, secondary negation surfaces instead. This analysis accounts for their complementary distributions.
{"title":"Unravelling the Kirundi 'not'","authors":"Brandon Chaperon","doi":"10.33137/twpl.v46i1.39257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/twpl.v46i1.39257","url":null,"abstract":"Kirundi has two principle ways of expressing negation: nti-/si- and ta-. One occurs before subject-marking in matrix clauses (primary/NEG1) and the other after subject-marking in embedded clauses or following A’-movement (secondary/NEG2) respectively. Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate the distinction between primary and secondary negation in Kirundi. I argue that the different contexts and positions for negation are due to left peripheral phenomena. More specifically, when C0 is filled in subordinate clauses and following A’-extraction, primary negation is blocked from occurring. In these cases, secondary negation surfaces instead. This analysis accounts for their complementary distributions.","PeriodicalId":442006,"journal":{"name":"Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics","volume":"83 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139170522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.33137/twpl.v44i1.36727
Roberta Pires de Oliveira
This paper proposes to connect research areas with the aim of understanding bare nominals across languages. It focuses on Brazilian Portuguese (BrP) and English. The BrP nominal system challenges the parametric models in Chierchia (1998a, 2010), and two proposals have been raised to explain it within Chierchia’s model: the Bare Singular (BS) is a plural count noun (Schmitt and Munn 1999, 2002; Müller 2002) or it is mass (Pires de Oliveira and Rothstein 2011). Experimental research (Bevilaqua 2019) does not support either of these theories because BrP speakers oscillate between mass and count when interpreting the BS. In contrast, BSs are ungrammatical in English and speakers massify them; they are never counted. Motivated by the experimental studies, Pires de Oliveira (2020, 2021, to appear) presents a new approach: although BrP and English are number marking languages (Chierchia 2010, 2015), atomicity, a grammatical operation (Rothstein 2010, 2017), is activated at different points in the derivation. In English, the first nominal layer projects atomicity, while in BrP, the determiner carries this information; thus, plural inflection is optional on the noun. This paper suggests that language processing and second language acquisition are areas of investigation that may provide new evidence for a better understanding of the semantics of noun phrases.
本文建议将研究领域与跨语言理解裸名词的目的联系起来。它侧重于巴西葡萄牙语(BrP)和英语。BrP标称系统对Chierchia (1998a, 2010)的参数化模型提出了挑战，并提出了两个建议来解释Chierchia模型中的参数化模型:裸单数(BS)是复数可数名词(Schmitt and Munn 1999,2002;m ller 2002)或质量(Pires de Oliveira and Rothstein 2011)。实验研究(Bevilaqua 2019)不支持这两种理论，因为在解释BS时，BrP扬声器在质量和计数之间振荡。相比之下，BSs在英语中是不符合语法的，说话者会把它们混淆起来;它们从未被计算在内。在实验研究的推动下，Pires de Oliveira(2020, 2021，即将出现)提出了一种新的方法:尽管BrP和英语都是数字标记语言(Chierchia 2010, 2015)，原子性，一种语法操作(Rothstein 2010, 2017)，在派生的不同点上被激活。在英语中，第一个标称层投射了原子性，而在BrP中，限定词携带了这个信息;因此，名词的复数变化是可选的。本文认为，语言加工和二语习得是研究名词短语语义的重要领域，可以为更好地理解名词短语的语义提供新的证据。
{"title":"Brazilian and English bare nouns: Language variation, experiments, and L2s","authors":"Roberta Pires de Oliveira","doi":"10.33137/twpl.v44i1.36727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/twpl.v44i1.36727","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes to connect research areas with the aim of understanding bare nominals across languages. It focuses on Brazilian Portuguese (BrP) and English. The BrP nominal system challenges the parametric models in Chierchia (1998a, 2010), and two proposals have been raised to explain it within Chierchia’s model: the Bare Singular (BS) is a plural count noun (Schmitt and Munn 1999, 2002; Müller 2002) or it is mass (Pires de Oliveira and Rothstein 2011). Experimental research (Bevilaqua 2019) does not support either of these theories because BrP speakers oscillate between mass and count when interpreting the BS. In contrast, BSs are ungrammatical in English and speakers massify them; they are never counted. Motivated by the experimental studies, Pires de Oliveira (2020, 2021, to appear) presents a new approach: although BrP and English are number marking languages (Chierchia 2010, 2015), atomicity, a grammatical operation (Rothstein 2010, 2017), is activated at different points in the derivation. In English, the first nominal layer projects atomicity, while in BrP, the determiner carries this information; thus, plural inflection is optional on the noun. This paper suggests that language processing and second language acquisition are areas of investigation that may provide new evidence for a better understanding of the semantics of noun phrases.","PeriodicalId":442006,"journal":{"name":"Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics","volume":"413 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126691912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.33137/twpl.v44i1.36730
Scott A. Schwenter, Paige Barton, Kendra V. Dickinson, Marcia Macedo
Direct object pronouns show considerable variation in Brazilian Portuguese, where normative clitic pronouns compete with their tonic counterparts. However, no prior studies have investigated empirically speaker evaluations of these competing pronoun variants. We created a perception experiment of direct object pronouns in spoken Brazilian Portuguese, in order to investigate the role of attitudes and social evaluations in language variation. Results from 160 native speakers show broad evaluative differences between clitic and tonic pronouns, while at the same time showing individual differences by pronoun and effects of the context of utterance. We conclude that the role that social evaluation plays in usage preferences in BP should be re-assessed based on studies linking subjective attitudes with grammatical choices.
{"title":"Speakers' subjective evaluations of direct object pronouns in Brazilian Portuguese","authors":"Scott A. Schwenter, Paige Barton, Kendra V. Dickinson, Marcia Macedo","doi":"10.33137/twpl.v44i1.36730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/twpl.v44i1.36730","url":null,"abstract":"Direct object pronouns show considerable variation in Brazilian Portuguese, where normative clitic pronouns compete with their tonic counterparts. However, no prior studies have investigated empirically speaker evaluations of these competing pronoun variants. We created a perception experiment of direct object pronouns in spoken Brazilian Portuguese, in order to investigate the role of attitudes and social evaluations in language variation. Results from 160 native speakers show broad evaluative differences between clitic and tonic pronouns, while at the same time showing individual differences by pronoun and effects of the context of utterance. We conclude that the role that social evaluation plays in usage preferences in BP should be re-assessed based on studies linking subjective attitudes with grammatical choices.","PeriodicalId":442006,"journal":{"name":"Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130912592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.33137/twpl.v44i1.36731
Marina Maia Reis
This study aims to investigate the acquisition of number agreement by Brazilian children. Since there is variation in expressing number agreement in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), it seeks to analyze the impact of linguistic variation on language acquisition. To this end, an experimental study was carried out. An elicited production task was conducted with monolingual children from three to five years of age acquiring BP, aiming to investigate how they produce number agreement in nominal elements and in verbs. Following Yang’s (2002) proposal, I suggest that the variation found in participants’ productions for the noun phrase could concern the acquisition of two grammars, with parameters set differently. On the other hand, the results found for verbal agreement seem to suggest that the variation observed in child production is a reflection of children’s linguistic development process.
{"title":"Acquisition of nominal and verbal number agreement in Brazilian Portuguese","authors":"Marina Maia Reis","doi":"10.33137/twpl.v44i1.36731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/twpl.v44i1.36731","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the acquisition of number agreement by Brazilian children. Since there is variation in expressing number agreement in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), it seeks to analyze the impact of linguistic variation on language acquisition. To this end, an experimental study was carried out. An elicited production task was conducted with monolingual children from three to five years of age acquiring BP, aiming to investigate how they produce number agreement in nominal elements and in verbs. Following Yang’s (2002) proposal, I suggest that the variation found in participants’ productions for the noun phrase could concern the acquisition of two grammars, with parameters set differently. On the other hand, the results found for verbal agreement seem to suggest that the variation observed in child production is a reflection of children’s linguistic development process.","PeriodicalId":442006,"journal":{"name":"Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132953914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.33137/twpl.v44i1.38560
Suzi Lima, Anabela Rato
{"title":"Experimental Portuguese Linguistics: Contributions to the interface between theory and research","authors":"Suzi Lima, Anabela Rato","doi":"10.33137/twpl.v44i1.38560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/twpl.v44i1.38560","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":442006,"journal":{"name":"Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132912299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.33137/twpl.v44i1.36758
Gabriela Tavares, A. Deme, Susana Correia
Auditory perceptual experiments with Portuguese L2 are scarce, especially within the scope of the European variety (EP). In this study, we aim at observing the assimilation of the EP vowels [ɐ] and [ɨ] by Hungarian native speakers, and their perceptual learning after some contact with Portuguese. A multiple forced-choice identification experiment was run with two groups of Hungarian speakers – a group with and a group without previous contact with EP. The results show that the categorization fell into the closest phonetic categories of the L1. The results also indicate a learning effect for [ɨ], with a recategorization path from [y] to [ø]. As for [ɐ], no major differences were observed between groups. This result is consistent with difficulties observed in the classroom environment, where [ɐ] is particularly challenging to Hungarian learners.
{"title":"Phonological acquisition of European Portuguese oral vowels: A forced-choice identification study with Hungarian native speakers","authors":"Gabriela Tavares, A. Deme, Susana Correia","doi":"10.33137/twpl.v44i1.36758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/twpl.v44i1.36758","url":null,"abstract":"Auditory perceptual experiments with Portuguese L2 are scarce, especially within the scope of the European variety (EP). In this study, we aim at observing the assimilation of the EP vowels [ɐ] and [ɨ] by Hungarian native speakers, and their perceptual learning after some contact with Portuguese. A multiple forced-choice identification experiment was run with two groups of Hungarian speakers – a group with and a group without previous contact with EP. The results show that the categorization fell into the closest phonetic categories of the L1. The results also indicate a learning effect for [ɨ], with a recategorization path from [y] to [ø]. As for [ɐ], no major differences were observed between groups. This result is consistent with difficulties observed in the classroom environment, where [ɐ] is particularly challenging to Hungarian learners.","PeriodicalId":442006,"journal":{"name":"Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117053916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.33137/TWPL.V43I1.36972
Pocholo Umbal, Nadia Takhtaganova
In this special issue of Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics, we engage in this productive and growing conversation by bringing together ongoing work on gender-inclusive language as well as the linguistic practices among trans and non-binary communities. Each of these papers offers a unique perspective on the ever-diversifying nuances of language, and together challenge established norms of language use and research practices.
{"title":"Challenging norms of gender and language","authors":"Pocholo Umbal, Nadia Takhtaganova","doi":"10.33137/TWPL.V43I1.36972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/TWPL.V43I1.36972","url":null,"abstract":"In this special issue of Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics, we engage in this productive and growing conversation by bringing together ongoing work on gender-inclusive language as well as the linguistic practices among trans and non-binary communities. Each of these papers offers a unique perspective on the ever-diversifying nuances of language, and together challenge established norms of language use and research practices.","PeriodicalId":442006,"journal":{"name":"Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132212576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.33137/twpl.v43i1.35934
Gabrielle Dumais
This paper examines how non-binary French-speakers in Quebec express their gender identities in speech. I argue that reformist efforts regarding neutral French should include increased attention to how neutral French is done in informal spoken Quebec French, as I examine how current recommendations based on spelling can fail to be taken up in speech, and how regional varieties can sometimes require different prescriptions. Based on a preliminary field study with eight participants who are part of this community of practice, I find that participants did not use any audible neologisms, such as the ones recommended for writing and for other varieties. Not only did they all use gendered language to refer to non-binary referents, although at a much lower frequency than for binary referents, but they also used gender-avoidance strategies in most cases. I also show that third person clitics seem to be the word category most resistant to neutralization or avoidance for speakers of this variety. I argue that these results point to the development of two distinct systems of neutral French, one for speech and one for writing.
{"title":"“What do they say in Quebec?”","authors":"Gabrielle Dumais","doi":"10.33137/twpl.v43i1.35934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/twpl.v43i1.35934","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines how non-binary French-speakers in Quebec express their gender identities in speech. I argue that reformist efforts regarding neutral French should include increased attention to how neutral French is done in informal spoken Quebec French, as I examine how current recommendations based on spelling can fail to be taken up in speech, and how regional varieties can sometimes require different prescriptions. Based on a preliminary field study with eight participants who are part of this community of practice, I find that participants did not use any audible neologisms, such as the ones recommended for writing and for other varieties. Not only did they all use gendered language to refer to non-binary referents, although at a much lower frequency than for binary referents, but they also used gender-avoidance strategies in most cases. I also show that third person clitics seem to be the word category most resistant to neutralization or avoidance for speakers of this variety. I argue that these results point to the development of two distinct systems of neutral French, one for speech and one for writing.","PeriodicalId":442006,"journal":{"name":"Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125385349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.33137/twpl.v43i1.35953
Yarubi Diaz Colmenares
This paper looks at the variation of typographical procedures and agreements related to inclusive French (FI) on the microblogging system Twitter in Canada. The corpus used includes 464 tweets geo-localized in Montreal, Ottawa and Quebec and published on May 12th, 2020. They were sorted into cases of simple inclusion (IS), uniform agreement (AU) and mixed agreement (AM). The results showed that IS (57%) is the most preferred approach. When the tweets presented more than one FI mark, the preferred structure was AM (27%). When compared to the 15% of AU cases, we might conclude that uniform agreement is not common in this corpus. The analysis of AM tokens showed a gradual decrease in agreement marks throughout a given tweet. The preferred FI typographical procedures in this corpus (complete doublets, abbreviated doublets with parentheses, and epicene forms) are consistent with the recommendations of the Office québécois de la langue française, despite the informal context. As my results show a set of alternative overlapping agreement systems, I propose that this heterogeneity is one of the characteristic features of inclusive French.
{"title":"Un regard sur le français inclusif canadien dans une journée de Twitter","authors":"Yarubi Diaz Colmenares","doi":"10.33137/twpl.v43i1.35953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/twpl.v43i1.35953","url":null,"abstract":"This paper looks at the variation of typographical procedures and agreements related to inclusive French (FI) on the microblogging system Twitter in Canada. The corpus used includes 464 tweets geo-localized in Montreal, Ottawa and Quebec and published on May 12th, 2020. They were sorted into cases of simple inclusion (IS), uniform agreement (AU) and mixed agreement (AM). The results showed that IS (57%) is the most preferred approach. When the tweets presented more than one FI mark, the preferred structure was AM (27%). When compared to the 15% of AU cases, we might conclude that uniform agreement is not common in this corpus. The analysis of AM tokens showed a gradual decrease in agreement marks throughout a given tweet. The preferred FI typographical procedures in this corpus (complete doublets, abbreviated doublets with parentheses, and epicene forms) are consistent with the recommendations of the Office québécois de la langue française, despite the informal context. As my results show a set of alternative overlapping agreement systems, I propose that this heterogeneity is one of the characteristic features of inclusive French.","PeriodicalId":442006,"journal":{"name":"Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129037415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-11DOI: 10.33137/twpl.v43i1.35969
Archie Crowley
For transmasculine individuals who undergo testosterone therapy, a lower pitch is often one of the most desired results, both for personal affirmation as well as for how a low pitch is gendered by others. This paper explores how members from a peer support group for transmasculine individuals articulate their experiences taking testosterone. During interviews participants discussed their apperception of the acoustic changes in their voices (Zimman 2012, 2018) as well as the recognition of this change by others. In this paper, I explore how their apperceptions of their voices are organized around a cluster of related qualia of the voice (Harkness 2014, 2017) such as “heaviness”, “deepness”, “resonance”, and social “weightiness”. As their voices lower in pitch over time and they are more frequently gendered as men in social spaces, they navigate shifting positionalities of privilege, and I show how their descriptions of their voices naturalize various qualia of the voice, linking “deepness” to the social “weight”, or power, of a voice.
{"title":"The weight of the voice: gender, privilege, and qualic apperception","authors":"Archie Crowley","doi":"10.33137/twpl.v43i1.35969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/twpl.v43i1.35969","url":null,"abstract":"For transmasculine individuals who undergo testosterone therapy, a lower pitch is often one of the most desired results, both for personal affirmation as well as for how a low pitch is gendered by others. This paper explores how members from a peer support group for transmasculine individuals articulate their experiences taking testosterone. During interviews participants discussed their apperception of the acoustic changes in their voices (Zimman 2012, 2018) as well as the recognition of this change by others. In this paper, I explore how their apperceptions of their voices are organized around a cluster of related qualia of the voice (Harkness 2014, 2017) such as “heaviness”, “deepness”, “resonance”, and social “weightiness”. As their voices lower in pitch over time and they are more frequently gendered as men in social spaces, they navigate shifting positionalities of privilege, and I show how their descriptions of their voices naturalize various qualia of the voice, linking “deepness” to the social “weight”, or power, of a voice.","PeriodicalId":442006,"journal":{"name":"Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122976290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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