J. A. Huesca-Tortosa, María del Rosario Pacheco-Mateo, Mercedes Tendero-Porras, David Torregrosa-Fuentes, Yolanda Spairani-Berrio
This paper deals with the study of construction and geometry, as well as with the analysis of deformations and active degradations of the natatio belonging to the Western Baths in La Alcudia archaeological site. Its location in Elche-Alicante, Spain (Colonia Iulia Ilici Augusta), is widely known for the discovery of The Lady of Elche in 1897. The dimensions of this natatio in the frigidarium are 6.60 x 9.30 m (22 x 31 Roman feet) and 1.50 m deep, making it one of the largest Roman swimming pools documented to date on the Iberian Peninsula. The natatio has several cracks sealed with materials used in earlier interventions at the end of the third century. Its comparison with the hypothetical original form allowed the researchers to quantify the current deformations. A damage evolution study has been made comparing the 2016 point cloud with the 2022 cloud, both obtained by light detection and ranging (LIDAR). There is evidence that an active process of degradation and deformation is gradually increasing damage to the pool. By studying the geometry and constructive systems of the natatio, relevant data to understand the historical evolution of the Western Baths have been provided. A results analysis conclusion is that the pool was built in two different stages. The eastern half corresponds to the original natatio, while the western half was extended or rebuilt after having collapsed. The early abandonment of the use of the natatio was most likely due to deformations caused by differential settlement; this occurred when the western half was cemented on landfill between the ancient wall and that of the last third of the 1st century AD.
本文涉及对建筑和几何的研究，以及对拉阿尔库迪亚考古遗址中属于西浴场的 natatio 的变形和主动退化的分析。该遗址位于西班牙埃尔切-阿利坎特（Colonia Iulia Ilici Augusta），因 1897 年发现的埃尔切圣母而广为人知。这个冷藏室中的水池尺寸为 6.60 x 9.30 米（22 x 31 罗马英尺），深 1.50 米，是迄今为止伊比利亚半岛有记载的最大的罗马游泳池之一。水池上有几处裂缝，是用三世纪末早期干预时使用的材料封堵的。研究人员将其与假定的原始形态进行比较，从而量化了当前的变形情况。研究人员对 2016 年的点云和 2022 年的点云进行了损害演变研究，这两个点云都是通过光探测和测距（激光雷达）获得的。有证据表明，退化和变形的活跃过程正在逐渐加剧水池的损坏。通过研究水池的几何形状和构造系统，为了解西部浴场的历史演变提供了相关数据。结果分析的结论是，水池的建造分为两个不同的阶段。东半部相当于最初的浴池，而西半部则是在坍塌后扩建或重建的。早期放弃使用浴池很可能是由于不同的沉降造成的变形；这发生在西半部被固结在古城墙和公元 1 世纪后三分之一的古城墙之间的垃圾填埋场上时。
{"title":"Deformation and degradation study using point clouds in natatio of the Western Baths at La Alcudia in Elche (Alicante)","authors":"J. A. Huesca-Tortosa, María del Rosario Pacheco-Mateo, Mercedes Tendero-Porras, David Torregrosa-Fuentes, Yolanda Spairani-Berrio","doi":"10.4995/var.2024.20417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2024.20417","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the study of construction and geometry, as well as with the analysis of deformations and active degradations of the natatio belonging to the Western Baths in La Alcudia archaeological site. Its location in Elche-Alicante, Spain (Colonia Iulia Ilici Augusta), is widely known for the discovery of The Lady of Elche in 1897. The dimensions of this natatio in the frigidarium are 6.60 x 9.30 m (22 x 31 Roman feet) and 1.50 m deep, making it one of the largest Roman swimming pools documented to date on the Iberian Peninsula. The natatio has several cracks sealed with materials used in earlier interventions at the end of the third century. Its comparison with the hypothetical original form allowed the researchers to quantify the current deformations. A damage evolution study has been made comparing the 2016 point cloud with the 2022 cloud, both obtained by light detection and ranging (LIDAR). There is evidence that an active process of degradation and deformation is gradually increasing damage to the pool. By studying the geometry and constructive systems of the natatio, relevant data to understand the historical evolution of the Western Baths have been provided. A results analysis conclusion is that the pool was built in two different stages. The eastern half corresponds to the original natatio, while the western half was extended or rebuilt after having collapsed. The early abandonment of the use of the natatio was most likely due to deformations caused by differential settlement; this occurred when the western half was cemented on landfill between the ancient wall and that of the last third of the 1st century AD.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":"1 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139440097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research described below proposes a spatial analysis of the hydraulic infrastructure, and settlement remains, as well as a topographic analysis of the site of as-Sila'/Sela on the southern Transjordan plateau. The authors designed Sela's first photogrammetric model from aerial photographs provided by the "Aerial Photographic Archive for Archaeology in the Middle East (APAAME)" project. This modelling has enabled the research team to locate new hydraulic structures, settlement remains, marks on vertical facing, and elevated or levelling platforms hitherto unidentified by a pedestrian survey; it was also possible to obtain more detailed direct and indirect relationships between these features. The 3D model has provided a reference for locating the various elements and correlating their surface with the topographic coordinates recorded by the total station during fieldwork. Additionally, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was derived from the 3D model to depict the flow direction of run-off. Through our analysis, we identified spaces for accessing, managing, and utilising available water resources, including settlement density and flooding zones. The hydrological analysis revealed potential run-off and flood-prone areas, guiding the location of hydraulic structures to prevent water contamination. This study highlights the importance of Sela's water supply systems and the technical expertise of ancient communities in their construction and management. The applicability and feasibility of the applied methodology emphasise its use as a powerful and indispensable tool to obtain a complete overview of the site. The results yield a comprehensive site mapping with a broader scope than previous research and provide a basis for further research, as well as for understanding the site's water supply and settlement patterns. Thus, this study enhances the hydro-technological investigation of Sela's water management and culture and contributes to its holistic analysis. Future studies can use the data to propose effective water management strategies and shed light on the social structures involved in water supply practices.
{"title":"Spatial and hydrological analysis of the water supply system in as-Sila'/Sela (Tafila, Jordan) based on a 3D model","authors":"Roser Marsal, Jesús García-Carpallo","doi":"10.4995/var.2024.19977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2024.19977","url":null,"abstract":"The research described below proposes a spatial analysis of the hydraulic infrastructure, and settlement remains, as well as a topographic analysis of the site of as-Sila'/Sela on the southern Transjordan plateau. The authors designed Sela's first photogrammetric model from aerial photographs provided by the \"Aerial Photographic Archive for Archaeology in the Middle East (APAAME)\" project. This modelling has enabled the research team to locate new hydraulic structures, settlement remains, marks on vertical facing, and elevated or levelling platforms hitherto unidentified by a pedestrian survey; it was also possible to obtain more detailed direct and indirect relationships between these features. The 3D model has provided a reference for locating the various elements and correlating their surface with the topographic coordinates recorded by the total station during fieldwork. Additionally, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was derived from the 3D model to depict the flow direction of run-off. Through our analysis, we identified spaces for accessing, managing, and utilising available water resources, including settlement density and flooding zones. The hydrological analysis revealed potential run-off and flood-prone areas, guiding the location of hydraulic structures to prevent water contamination. This study highlights the importance of Sela's water supply systems and the technical expertise of ancient communities in their construction and management. The applicability and feasibility of the applied methodology emphasise its use as a powerful and indispensable tool to obtain a complete overview of the site. The results yield a comprehensive site mapping with a broader scope than previous research and provide a basis for further research, as well as for understanding the site's water supply and settlement patterns. Thus, this study enhances the hydro-technological investigation of Sela's water management and culture and contributes to its holistic analysis. Future studies can use the data to propose effective water management strategies and shed light on the social structures involved in water supply practices.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":"23 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The archaeology of disability is a relatively recent and little-known approach in France. While the study of palaeopathology now goes hand in hand with funerary archaeology and osteoarchaeology, the French study of disabilities and disabling pathologies remains marginal and unevenly treated, depending on location, chronology and researcher’s interest. This paper focuses on highlighting the compatibility between this new research area, the obligations of osteoarchaeology, and the benefits of developing a national, diachronic, and interdisciplinary study. A database is designed within an interpretive, consensual framework, that can be adapted to overcome limitations and promote open-minded research on the care of the disabled in their own communities. A preliminary category selection of disabling pathologies has been made. These are trepanation, completely edentulous and/or compensating denture, neuronal impairment, severe scoliosis, Paget's disease, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH), rickets, dwarfism, infectious diseases, unreduced fracture, amputation, severe degenerative disease and others. This list has been critically reviewed by experts in the field; it will evolve in a somewhat Darwinian fashion. Our database is hosted on the Huma-Num platform, with a management interface and quick access based on multiple tabs. The data includes information about archaeological operations, subjects, and pathologies; it is complemented by pictorial data stored on the Nakala platform. The development involved creating a prototype using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, and PHP, with features to display, add, modify, and delete operations and subjects. Enhancements have been made, including search optimization, charts, and the ability to export data in CSV format. The database, whose administrative interface can be accessed at archeohandi.huma-num.fr, contains so far 211 existing operations with a total of 1232 registered subjects spread throughout metropolitan France. These initial data reveal numerous research perspectives in osteoarchaeology that can be combined with other research topics, such as virtual reality.
残疾考古学在法国是一个相对较新的、鲜为人知的研究方法。虽然古病理学研究现在与丧葬考古学和骨考古学齐头并进，但法国对残疾和致残病理学的研究仍然处于边缘地位，而且根据地点、年代和研究人员的兴趣得到了不平等的对待。本文着重强调了这一新的研究领域、骨考古学的义务以及发展一项全国性、历时性和跨学科研究的好处之间的兼容性。一个数据库是在一个解释性的、协商一致的框架内设计的，可以加以调整，以克服限制，促进对残疾人所在社区的护理进行开放的研究。对致残病理进行了初步的分类选择。这些包括:穿孔、全无牙和/或补偿性义齿、神经损伤、严重脊柱侧凸、佩吉特病、弥漫性特发性骨骼肥厚症(DISH)、佝偻病、侏儒症、传染病、未复位骨折、截肢、严重退行性疾病等。该清单已经过该领域专家的严格审查;它会以达尔文的方式进化。我们的数据库托管在Huma-Num平台上，具有管理界面和基于多个选项卡的快速访问。这些数据包括有关考古作业、主题和病理的信息;它由存储在Nakala平台上的图像数据补充。开发过程包括使用HTML、CSS、JavaScript、SQL和PHP创建一个原型，并具有显示、添加、修改和删除操作和主题的特性。增强功能包括搜索优化、图表和以CSV格式导出数据的能力。该数据库的管理界面可在archeohandi. human -num.fr访问，迄今为止包含211个现有业务，共有1232个注册对象，分布在法国大都市。这些初步数据揭示了骨考古学的许多研究视角，可以与其他研究主题相结合，如虚拟现实。
{"title":"Archeohandi: protocol for a national disabilities database in archaeology in France","authors":"Rozenn Colleter, Valérie Delattre, Cyrille Le Forestier, Alex Baiet, Nathalie Ameye, Philippe Blanchard, Fanny Chenal, Camille Colonna, A-S Coupey, Stéphanie Desbrosse-Degobertière, S. Duchesne, Cécile Durin, Jean-Luc Gisclon, Noémie Gryspeirt, Micheline Kerien, Fanny La Rocca, Raphaëlle Lefebvre, Jérôme Livet, Cécile Paresys, Mikaël Rouzic, Isabelle Souquet, Florence Tane, Aminte Thomann, Ivy Thomson, Émilie Trébuchet, Marie-Cécile Truc, Jean-Baptiste Barreau","doi":"10.4995/var.2024.20003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2024.20003","url":null,"abstract":"The archaeology of disability is a relatively recent and little-known approach in France. While the study of palaeopathology now goes hand in hand with funerary archaeology and osteoarchaeology, the French study of disabilities and disabling pathologies remains marginal and unevenly treated, depending on location, chronology and researcher’s interest. This paper focuses on highlighting the compatibility between this new research area, the obligations of osteoarchaeology, and the benefits of developing a national, diachronic, and interdisciplinary study. A database is designed within an interpretive, consensual framework, that can be adapted to overcome limitations and promote open-minded research on the care of the disabled in their own communities. A preliminary category selection of disabling pathologies has been made. These are trepanation, completely edentulous and/or compensating denture, neuronal impairment, severe scoliosis, Paget's disease, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH), rickets, dwarfism, infectious diseases, unreduced fracture, amputation, severe degenerative disease and others. This list has been critically reviewed by experts in the field; it will evolve in a somewhat Darwinian fashion. Our database is hosted on the Huma-Num platform, with a management interface and quick access based on multiple tabs. The data includes information about archaeological operations, subjects, and pathologies; it is complemented by pictorial data stored on the Nakala platform. The development involved creating a prototype using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, and PHP, with features to display, add, modify, and delete operations and subjects. Enhancements have been made, including search optimization, charts, and the ability to export data in CSV format. The database, whose administrative interface can be accessed at archeohandi.huma-num.fr, contains so far 211 existing operations with a total of 1232 registered subjects spread throughout metropolitan France. These initial data reveal numerous research perspectives in osteoarchaeology that can be combined with other research topics, such as virtual reality.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":"93 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138600089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thanks to currently available very high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) models via photogrammetric techniques as a primary method of archaeological documentation, constructing immersive, high-fidelity simulacra is imminently possible. This paper considers how the scale at which the human body interacts with immersive digital models is especially important for understanding the affordances and ergonomics of past things and places. The implications of this isometry between archaeological objects of analysis and emerging capabilities to interact with them through digital surrogates in the present are manifold. By enabling interaction with objects and contexts in immersive virtual space, such observational experiences create in silico engagements that are repeatable, distributable, and collaborative. In particular, it is the collaborative capacity of this technology that this paper explores using online immersive virtual reality (iVR). Collaborative online iVR is used in this research as a key instrument for enhancing understanding and reinterpreting the digital records of two archaeological sites under excavation in Peru. The case studies analyzed show a variety of cultural, geographic, and temporal contexts in the Andean region, which illustrates the broad potential of iVR for archaeological hermeneutics. Through iVR frameworks, the authors engage with embodied reconsiderations of Catholic ritual spaces within a planned colonial town in the southern Peruvian highlands and the pre-Columbian site of Huaca Colorada on the north coast. Synchronous scalar experiences that privilege the affordances of architectural space within digital models create opportunities for embodied experience and collaborative dialogue. A fundamental argument is the capacity to digitally inhabit these places and manipulate materials holds subtle as well as profound epistemological and hermeneutic implications for archaeological knowledge construction.
{"title":"Thinking through the tool: collaborative archaeological bodywork in immersive virtual reality","authors":"Giles Spence Morrow, Steven A. Wernke","doi":"10.4995/var.2024.19806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2024.19806","url":null,"abstract":"Thanks to currently available very high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) models via photogrammetric techniques as a primary method of archaeological documentation, constructing immersive, high-fidelity simulacra is imminently possible. This paper considers how the scale at which the human body interacts with immersive digital models is especially important for understanding the affordances and ergonomics of past things and places. The implications of this isometry between archaeological objects of analysis and emerging capabilities to interact with them through digital surrogates in the present are manifold. By enabling interaction with objects and contexts in immersive virtual space, such observational experiences create in silico engagements that are repeatable, distributable, and collaborative. In particular, it is the collaborative capacity of this technology that this paper explores using online immersive virtual reality (iVR). Collaborative online iVR is used in this research as a key instrument for enhancing understanding and reinterpreting the digital records of two archaeological sites under excavation in Peru. The case studies analyzed show a variety of cultural, geographic, and temporal contexts in the Andean region, which illustrates the broad potential of iVR for archaeological hermeneutics. Through iVR frameworks, the authors engage with embodied reconsiderations of Catholic ritual spaces within a planned colonial town in the southern Peruvian highlands and the pre-Columbian site of Huaca Colorada on the north coast. Synchronous scalar experiences that privilege the affordances of architectural space within digital models create opportunities for embodied experience and collaborative dialogue. A fundamental argument is the capacity to digitally inhabit these places and manipulate materials holds subtle as well as profound epistemological and hermeneutic implications for archaeological knowledge construction.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":"2017 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139239466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Côa Valley, listed as a World Heritage site since 1998, presents over 1200 open-air engraved rock panels. TheArchaeological Park of the Côa Valley has meticulously documented these rock art motifs, employing various techniques including direct tracing processes on the rocks, using both natural and artificial lighting. However, this intensive work is highly demanding, especially considering that many of the rocks are not easily accessible. In the context of the "Open Access Rock Art Repository" (RARAA) project, this paper presents a methodology for the three-dimensional (3D) survey of rocks with rock art motifs, as well as the subsequent production of orthophotos from the resulting 3D models, accomplished through photogrammetry. These orthophotos serve as the foundation for the vector drawing of the motifs. Remarkably, the level of detail captured in these records has shown that most of the motifs are visible and can be accurately represented through the orthophotos. This has significantly reduced the time required for field surveys. However, in certain cases where specific small areas of the panel are affected by challenging lighting conditions, further fieldwork is still necessary, analogous to the direct tracing process. Additionally, this study introduces an information system designed to integrate the vector graphics and the motifs characterisation data; this supports enhanced research in the area and promotes improved open access for potential reuse in new interpretations or integration into future projects. By creating highly detailed 3D models, the authors complement the two-dimensional drawings of the surfaces and ensure the digital preservation of both the rocks and the associated iconography. These records serve as highly detailed digital surrogates that facilitate the monitoring efforts of the rocks and motifs; they also guarantee the availability of valuable resources for future research and analysis, even if natural or deliberate changes occur.
{"title":"Use of photogrammetry to survey Iron Age rock art motifs in the Côa Valley: the Vermelhosa Rock 3 case study (Vila Nova de Foz Côa, Portugal)","authors":"Natália Botica, Luís Luís, Paulo Bernardes","doi":"10.4995/var.2024.19725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2024.19725","url":null,"abstract":"The Côa Valley, listed as a World Heritage site since 1998, presents over 1200 open-air engraved rock panels. TheArchaeological Park of the Côa Valley has meticulously documented these rock art motifs, employing various techniques including direct tracing processes on the rocks, using both natural and artificial lighting. However, this intensive work is highly demanding, especially considering that many of the rocks are not easily accessible. In the context of the \"Open Access Rock Art Repository\" (RARAA) project, this paper presents a methodology for the three-dimensional (3D) survey of rocks with rock art motifs, as well as the subsequent production of orthophotos from the resulting 3D models, accomplished through photogrammetry. These orthophotos serve as the foundation for the vector drawing of the motifs. Remarkably, the level of detail captured in these records has shown that most of the motifs are visible and can be accurately represented through the orthophotos. This has significantly reduced the time required for field surveys. However, in certain cases where specific small areas of the panel are affected by challenging lighting conditions, further fieldwork is still necessary, analogous to the direct tracing process. Additionally, this study introduces an information system designed to integrate the vector graphics and the motifs characterisation data; this supports enhanced research in the area and promotes improved open access for potential reuse in new interpretations or integration into future projects. By creating highly detailed 3D models, the authors complement the two-dimensional drawings of the surfaces and ensure the digital preservation of both the rocks and the associated iconography. These records serve as highly detailed digital surrogates that facilitate the monitoring efforts of the rocks and motifs; they also guarantee the availability of valuable resources for future research and analysis, even if natural or deliberate changes occur.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":"16 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El continuo avance de las investigaciones arqueológicas, especialmente en los ámbitos portuarios, está produciendo casos de estudio de mayor complejidad y riqueza. En este sentido, la progresión en cuanto a la definición de los urbanismos, el mayor conocimiento en la identificación de las denominadas “estructuras de contacto” como los muelles o embarcaderos, los progresos de la arqueología subacuática en la localización de pecios y áreas de fondeo conocidas, así como del resto de evidencias vinculadas a las infraestructuras portuarias, está permitiendo que se articule un discurso más concreto acerca del funcionamiento del puerto en época Antigua. A pesar de estos hechos, el faro como elemento principal y determinante en el paisaje portuario, permanece rodeado de numerosas incógnitas derivadas de una presencia importante en las fuentes literarias, numismáticas, pictóricas, escultóricas y musivarias pero una ausencia casi total en el registro arqueológico. Más allá de su icónico papel como construcción monumental en las infraestructuras portuarias, su función como hito señalizador y articulador del tránsito lo hace componente clave en estos contextos. Debido a estas circunstancias, en el presente trabajo se analizan los casos béticos identificados y presupuestos en el ámbito del Estrecho de Gibraltar, relacionándolo con la información aportada por las fuentes, los estudios geomorfológicos y los datos del poblamiento de la costa bética. Estos datos han sido introducidos en un sistema de información geográfica (SIG) donde se han realizado cálculos de cuenca visual para determinar cómo se configuraría este teórico escenario. El resultado ha permitido plantear una serie de hipótesis sobre la configuración de las redes marítimas béticas y la presencia real del faro en el contexto portuario.
{"title":"La señalización lumínica y la navegación por el Estrecho de Gibraltar en la Baetica romana: un panorama con más sombras que luces","authors":"Francisco Marfil","doi":"10.4995/var.2023.19620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2023.19620","url":null,"abstract":"El continuo avance de las investigaciones arqueológicas, especialmente en los ámbitos portuarios, está produciendo casos de estudio de mayor complejidad y riqueza. En este sentido, la progresión en cuanto a la definición de los urbanismos, el mayor conocimiento en la identificación de las denominadas “estructuras de contacto” como los muelles o embarcaderos, los progresos de la arqueología subacuática en la localización de pecios y áreas de fondeo conocidas, así como del resto de evidencias vinculadas a las infraestructuras portuarias, está permitiendo que se articule un discurso más concreto acerca del funcionamiento del puerto en época Antigua. A pesar de estos hechos, el faro como elemento principal y determinante en el paisaje portuario, permanece rodeado de numerosas incógnitas derivadas de una presencia importante en las fuentes literarias, numismáticas, pictóricas, escultóricas y musivarias pero una ausencia casi total en el registro arqueológico. Más allá de su icónico papel como construcción monumental en las infraestructuras portuarias, su función como hito señalizador y articulador del tránsito lo hace componente clave en estos contextos. Debido a estas circunstancias, en el presente trabajo se analizan los casos béticos identificados y presupuestos en el ámbito del Estrecho de Gibraltar, relacionándolo con la información aportada por las fuentes, los estudios geomorfológicos y los datos del poblamiento de la costa bética. Estos datos han sido introducidos en un sistema de información geográfica (SIG) donde se han realizado cálculos de cuenca visual para determinar cómo se configuraría este teórico escenario. El resultado ha permitido plantear una serie de hipótesis sobre la configuración de las redes marítimas béticas y la presencia real del faro en el contexto portuario.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48368472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alejandro Muñoz-Muñoz, D. Fernández-Sánchez, E. Vijande-Vila, S. Becerra-Martín, J. J. Cantillo-Duarte, S. Domínguez-Bella, Virgilio Martínez Enamorado, Francisca Rengel Castro, Pedro Cantalejo Duarte, María del Mar Espejo-Herrerías, José Suárez-Padilla, Juan Antonio Martín-Ruiz, J. Ramos-Muñoz
The cist tombs necropolis at Castillejos de Luna, in Sierra de Gibralmora-Sierra del Hacho (Pizarra, Málaga, Spain) was known from the graphic documentation and the grave goods of two tombs. New studies have documented nine burials. The aim of this article is to present the new virtualisation work that has been carried out in the necropolis, to generate a new three-dimensional (3D) documentation of the currently known records, which are in acceptable visibility conditions. Using tools to document tombs in 3D offers us great advances in data acquisition and editing, with great precision and realism, thanks to the 3D models generated through techniques such as photogrammetry or laser scanning. Thanks to these tools, it is possible to carry out studies on digital twins and use them as informative material for society. The study this paper describes has generated high quality products for dissemination and future analysis. The results shown here are of metric character, with orientation and geographical location of the structures. In addition, in one of the tombs the authors show the combination of photogrammetric techniques with laser scanners to obtain a single high-resolution 3D model; subsequently a retopology process is carried out to achieve a "light" model with a photorealistic appearance that is both easily manipulated on mobile devices for its dissemination and a guarantee that the general public can enjoy this necropolis in a different way. The preliminary results are published in the web repository of 3D models Sketchfab, where the users can see a preview of one of the tombs before and after being optimised with retopology through Blender. The authors provide a socio-historical analysis of Bronze Age necropolises in central Andalusia, within the framework of a debate on the western expansion of the El Argar Culture.
位于Sierra de Gibralmora Sierra del Hacho（西班牙马拉加Pizarra）的Castillejos de Luna的cist陵墓墓地是从两座坟墓的图形文件和陪葬品中得知的。新的研究记录了九次埋葬。本文的目的是介绍在墓地中进行的新的虚拟化工作，以生成当前已知记录的新的三维（3D）文档，这些记录处于可接受的可见性条件下。由于通过摄影测量或激光扫描等技术生成的3D模型，使用工具以3D方式记录坟墓为我们提供了数据采集和编辑方面的巨大进步，具有极高的精度和真实性。有了这些工具，就有可能对数字双胞胎进行研究，并将其作为社会的信息材料。本文所描述的研究已经产生了高质量的产品，可供传播和未来分析。这里显示的结果具有度量特征，具有结构的方向和地理位置。此外，在其中一座坟墓中，作者展示了摄影测量技术与激光扫描仪的结合，以获得单一的高分辨率3D模型；随后进行了一个重新设计过程，以实现一个具有照片真实感外观的“光”模型，该模型既可以在移动设备上轻松操作以进行传播，也可以保证公众可以以不同的方式享受这个墓地。初步结果发布在Sketchfab三维模型的网络存储库中，用户可以在那里看到其中一座坟墓在通过Blender进行重新拓扑优化前后的预览。作者在关于El Argar文化西方扩张的辩论框架内，对安达卢西亚中部青铜时代的墓地进行了社会历史分析。
{"title":"Application of photogrammetry and laser scanner on the Bronze Age structures of the Castillejos de Luna cist tomb necropolis (Pizarra, Spain)","authors":"Alejandro Muñoz-Muñoz, D. Fernández-Sánchez, E. Vijande-Vila, S. Becerra-Martín, J. J. Cantillo-Duarte, S. Domínguez-Bella, Virgilio Martínez Enamorado, Francisca Rengel Castro, Pedro Cantalejo Duarte, María del Mar Espejo-Herrerías, José Suárez-Padilla, Juan Antonio Martín-Ruiz, J. Ramos-Muñoz","doi":"10.4995/var.2023.19126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2023.19126","url":null,"abstract":"The cist tombs necropolis at Castillejos de Luna, in Sierra de Gibralmora-Sierra del Hacho (Pizarra, Málaga, Spain) was known from the graphic documentation and the grave goods of two tombs. New studies have documented nine burials. The aim of this article is to present the new virtualisation work that has been carried out in the necropolis, to generate a new three-dimensional (3D) documentation of the currently known records, which are in acceptable visibility conditions. Using tools to document tombs in 3D offers us great advances in data acquisition and editing, with great precision and realism, thanks to the 3D models generated through techniques such as photogrammetry or laser scanning. Thanks to these tools, it is possible to carry out studies on digital twins and use them as informative material for society. The study this paper describes has generated high quality products for dissemination and future analysis. The results shown here are of metric character, with orientation and geographical location of the structures. In addition, in one of the tombs the authors show the combination of photogrammetric techniques with laser scanners to obtain a single high-resolution 3D model; subsequently a retopology process is carried out to achieve a \"light\" model with a photorealistic appearance that is both easily manipulated on mobile devices for its dissemination and a guarantee that the general public can enjoy this necropolis in a different way. The preliminary results are published in the web repository of 3D models Sketchfab, where the users can see a preview of one of the tombs before and after being optimised with retopology through Blender. The authors provide a socio-historical analysis of Bronze Age necropolises in central Andalusia, within the framework of a debate on the western expansion of the El Argar Culture.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":"210 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41280619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pese a que la arqueología virtual cada vez ha cobrado más relevancia, distintos contextos históricos son aún inéditos para esta especialización. Este trabajo se centra en uno de ellos, el de las islas Marianas, un archipiélago situado en el océano Pacífico que fue crucial en las relaciones entre América y las Filipinas durante el colonialismo hispánico temprano. Por un lado, el proyecto ha tratado las estructuras prehispánicas (s. X-XVI) y, por el otro, se ha enfocado en las estrategias del poblamiento colonial (s. XVII-XVIII). La recreación 3D de estos dos contextos ha permitido repensar distintos procesos humanos asociados al paso de las estructuras precoloniales a la modernidad. Para ello, se ha partido de la hipótesis de que los edificios no solo son el reflejo de unas dinámicas sociales concretas, sino que además participaron en ellas activamente reforzando un tipo de identidad particular y un sistema de géneros propios. Metodológicamente, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio sobre estas edificaciones, se han reconstruido a través de un software especializado (Blender) y, finalmente, se han analizado según su contexto histórico. Por primera vez, se ha llevado a cabo una propuesta de cómo serían las “reducciones” en las ínsulas a través de la arqueología virtual, lo que ha permitido analizar el impacto que estas tuvieron sobre las poblaciones prehistóricas que habitaban allí. De esta forma, se ha constatado que la ordenación del espacio conformó por si misma un elemento de transculturación que transformó la cosmovisión de sus pobladores, resignificando la identidad, los roles de género, los modelos jerárquicos y la idea de familia.
{"title":"El impacto colonial en las Islas Marianas (s. XVII-XVIII) a través de la arqueología virtual: cambio e identidad","authors":"Luis Berrocal-Maya","doi":"10.4995/var.2023.19447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2023.19447","url":null,"abstract":"Pese a que la arqueología virtual cada vez ha cobrado más relevancia, distintos contextos históricos son aún inéditos para esta especialización. Este trabajo se centra en uno de ellos, el de las islas Marianas, un archipiélago situado en el océano Pacífico que fue crucial en las relaciones entre América y las Filipinas durante el colonialismo hispánico temprano. Por un lado, el proyecto ha tratado las estructuras prehispánicas (s. X-XVI) y, por el otro, se ha enfocado en las estrategias del poblamiento colonial (s. XVII-XVIII). La recreación 3D de estos dos contextos ha permitido repensar distintos procesos humanos asociados al paso de las estructuras precoloniales a la modernidad. Para ello, se ha partido de la hipótesis de que los edificios no solo son el reflejo de unas dinámicas sociales concretas, sino que además participaron en ellas activamente reforzando un tipo de identidad particular y un sistema de géneros propios. Metodológicamente, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio sobre estas edificaciones, se han reconstruido a través de un software especializado (Blender) y, finalmente, se han analizado según su contexto histórico. Por primera vez, se ha llevado a cabo una propuesta de cómo serían las “reducciones” en las ínsulas a través de la arqueología virtual, lo que ha permitido analizar el impacto que estas tuvieron sobre las poblaciones prehistóricas que habitaban allí. De esta forma, se ha constatado que la ordenación del espacio conformó por si misma un elemento de transculturación que transformó la cosmovisión de sus pobladores, resignificando la identidad, los roles de género, los modelos jerárquicos y la idea de familia.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47731747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Rodríguez-Iglesias, Ana Pantoja-Pérez, Pilar Fernández-Colón, A. Pablos, M. Alcaraz-Castaño, N. Sala
Diseases have accompanied human populations since prehistoric times. Knowing the paleopathologies and their consequences derived from them can help us to understand their impact and how have been decisive in our ancestors' ways of life. Taphonomic and paleopathological studies are key to understanding how injuries occurred; they can provide information on causes of death, analyzed populations behaviour, such as the existence of interpersonal conflicts or how they took the care of the sick. Those studies also confirm the existence of certain diseases, mentioned in the archaeological record. This paper explains the analysis of four lesions found in a Roman-era cranium from Sima de Marcenejas, located in Northern Spain. An anthropological analysis of this cranium has revealed that it corresponds to an adult male individual. This work focuses on the differential diagnosis of the lesions, to be able to discern the most likely aetiologies. The following techniques have been implemented: classical morphological analysis, forensic taphonomic analysis and virtual analysis. MicroCT and 3D microscopy have been used as essential tools for the virtual analysis of the cranium and its lesions. The results obtained revealed the existence of a tumour and three exocranial traumas, all of them antemortem. The location of the tumour, as well as its morphology together with other aspects, support the meningioma as the most probable tumour type. This possible ancient meningioma represents the first case for these chronologies on the Iberian Peninsula, where there are few documented cases. The three traumatic lesions reveal the existence of injuries produced by both, blunt and sharp objects, related to events of interpersonal violence. By applying virtual 3D analyses, the researchers have demonstrated that it is viable to identify tumours in those internal cranial regions, where the lesion is not visible, thus providing new comparative data for the paleopathological record of past populations. Highlights: Meningiomas are rare in the archaeological record which complicates tracing themin ancient human populations. The use of computerized microtomography (MicroCT) and virtual 3D models makes it possible to identify tumoursin those internal cranial regions where the lesions are not visible. Paleopathological analysis of a Roman cranium has revealed, in addition to cranial trauma, a new possible case of meningioma.
{"title":"Virtual assessment of a possible meningioma in a Roman-period cranium","authors":"Daniel Rodríguez-Iglesias, Ana Pantoja-Pérez, Pilar Fernández-Colón, A. Pablos, M. Alcaraz-Castaño, N. Sala","doi":"10.4995/var.2023.19680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2023.19680","url":null,"abstract":"Diseases have accompanied human populations since prehistoric times. Knowing the paleopathologies and their consequences derived from them can help us to understand their impact and how have been decisive in our ancestors' ways of life. Taphonomic and paleopathological studies are key to understanding how injuries occurred; they can provide information on causes of death, analyzed populations behaviour, such as the existence of interpersonal conflicts or how they took the care of the sick. Those studies also confirm the existence of certain diseases, mentioned in the archaeological record. This paper explains the analysis of four lesions found in a Roman-era cranium from Sima de Marcenejas, located in Northern Spain. An anthropological analysis of this cranium has revealed that it corresponds to an adult male individual. This work focuses on the differential diagnosis of the lesions, to be able to discern the most likely aetiologies. The following techniques have been implemented: classical morphological analysis, forensic taphonomic analysis and virtual analysis. MicroCT and 3D microscopy have been used as essential tools for the virtual analysis of the cranium and its lesions. The results obtained revealed the existence of a tumour and three exocranial traumas, all of them antemortem. The location of the tumour, as well as its morphology together with other aspects, support the meningioma as the most probable tumour type. This possible ancient meningioma represents the first case for these chronologies on the Iberian Peninsula, where there are few documented cases. The three traumatic lesions reveal the existence of injuries produced by both, blunt and sharp objects, related to events of interpersonal violence. By applying virtual 3D analyses, the researchers have demonstrated that it is viable to identify tumours in those internal cranial regions, where the lesion is not visible, thus providing new comparative data for the paleopathological record of past populations.\u0000Highlights:\u0000\u0000Meningiomas are rare in the archaeological record which complicates tracing themin ancient human populations.\u0000The use of computerized microtomography (MicroCT) and virtual 3D models makes it possible to identify tumoursin those internal cranial regions where the lesions are not visible.\u0000Paleopathological analysis of a Roman cranium has revealed, in addition to cranial trauma, a new possible case of meningioma.\u0000","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70631408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El retablo de San Juan Bautista (Antequera, España) es una obra maestra renacentista de gran calidad artística y tecnológica. En Antequera predominan los retablos de estilo barroco y pseudoclasicista, conservándose pocos casos, lo que hace que sea tan singular. Procede de la iglesia de San Zoilo, está compuesto por caja arquitectónica, dieciocho pinturas sobre tabla y una escultura exenta. El deficiente estado de conservación, tanto del muro al que se adosaba como de la predela, propició su desmontaje y almacenamiento a la espera de una restauración y remontaje posterior en su ubicación original. Al inicio de la investigación, el retablo desmembrado se hallaba fragmentado, disperso y descontextualizado de su entorno, teniendo algunos fragmentos destinos divergentes en lo que refiere a su historia material. El objetivo de este artículo es exponer la metodología y resultados obtenidos tras la reconstrucción histórico-material y virtual del retablo que contribuyen a su recuperación y puesta en valor. Mediante las técnicas documentales (bibliográficas y gráficas) y virtuales (fotogrametría, ortofotografía y 3D) se trata de dar respuesta a las siguientes cuestiones: ¿Por qué se desmonta el retablo? ¿Cuándo se produce? ¿Cuándo se pierden o expolian las piezas originales que faltan? ¿Se conservan todas las piezas? ¿En cuántos fragmentos se dividió durante el proceso de desmontaje físico? ¿El estado de conservación de los fragmentos existentes es homogéneo? Las conclusiones obtenidas indican que el desmontaje físico tuvo lugar entre 1973 y 1983, debido al continuo deterioro del edificio y del propio retablo, haciéndose más evidente en el soporte lígneo y estopa de las tablas de la predela. Se dividió en cuarenta fragmentos que aún se conservan. El expolio de piezas originales se confirma como anterior a 1899. Finalmente, hay que destacar que la imagen actual del retablo muestra una disonancia visual que dificultará su futura intervención de conservación-restauración.
{"title":"Reconstrucción histórico-material y virtual para la conservación del retablo renacentista de San Juan Bautista (Antequera, España)","authors":"Beatriz Prado-Campos, Antonio-J. Sánchez-Fernández","doi":"10.4995/var.2023.19414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2023.19414","url":null,"abstract":"El retablo de San Juan Bautista (Antequera, España) es una obra maestra renacentista de gran calidad artística y tecnológica. En Antequera predominan los retablos de estilo barroco y pseudoclasicista, conservándose pocos casos, lo que hace que sea tan singular. Procede de la iglesia de San Zoilo, está compuesto por caja arquitectónica, dieciocho pinturas sobre tabla y una escultura exenta. El deficiente estado de conservación, tanto del muro al que se adosaba como de la predela, propició su desmontaje y almacenamiento a la espera de una restauración y remontaje posterior en su ubicación original. Al inicio de la investigación, el retablo desmembrado se hallaba fragmentado, disperso y descontextualizado de su entorno, teniendo algunos fragmentos destinos divergentes en lo que refiere a su historia material. El objetivo de este artículo es exponer la metodología y resultados obtenidos tras la reconstrucción histórico-material y virtual del retablo que contribuyen a su recuperación y puesta en valor. Mediante las técnicas documentales (bibliográficas y gráficas) y virtuales (fotogrametría, ortofotografía y 3D) se trata de dar respuesta a las siguientes cuestiones: ¿Por qué se desmonta el retablo? ¿Cuándo se produce? ¿Cuándo se pierden o expolian las piezas originales que faltan? ¿Se conservan todas las piezas? ¿En cuántos fragmentos se dividió durante el proceso de desmontaje físico? ¿El estado de conservación de los fragmentos existentes es homogéneo? Las conclusiones obtenidas indican que el desmontaje físico tuvo lugar entre 1973 y 1983, debido al continuo deterioro del edificio y del propio retablo, haciéndose más evidente en el soporte lígneo y estopa de las tablas de la predela. Se dividió en cuarenta fragmentos que aún se conservan. El expolio de piezas originales se confirma como anterior a 1899. Finalmente, hay que destacar que la imagen actual del retablo muestra una disonancia visual que dificultará su futura intervención de conservación-restauración.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46010136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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