Abstract The thesis of an Inaugural Speech is widely accepted. To neglect its existence will substantially weaken the “two-source theory”. The exact content, the genre and rhetoric of the speech have, however, not been investigated sufficiently. Is Luke’s Sermon on the Plain in fact identical with the historical Inaugural Speech? Do also parts of the Q-material in Matthew’s Sermon on the Mount originate from this speech? A new approach is to differentiate four groups of traditions in the Sermon on the Mount: a. the Inaugural Speech = common material in Luke and Matthew; b. the Q material in the Sermon on the Mount; c. “The triple-tradition”; d. the “Sondergut” in Matthew and Luke. A precise and comprehensive reconstruction of the Inaugural Speech as such is hardly possible, but the genre and the rhetorical outline of the Speech can to a large extent be reconstructed. The parallels in Mark, the Gospel of Thomas and particularly in the Epistle of James and in Justin’s Apology can also illuminate the genre and text behind Matthew and Luke. Reconstructions often have an element of speculation. Due to the existence of the Sermon on the Mount in Matthew and the Sermon on the Plain in Luke a reconstruction is necessary, possible and fruitful – at least if we take the parallels, the genre and the composition into account.
{"title":"Auf der Spur einer „Grundsatzrede“ vor der Bergpredigt","authors":"Ernst Baasland","doi":"10.1515/znw-2019-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znw-2019-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The thesis of an Inaugural Speech is widely accepted. To neglect its existence will substantially weaken the “two-source theory”. The exact content, the genre and rhetoric of the speech have, however, not been investigated sufficiently. Is Luke’s Sermon on the Plain in fact identical with the historical Inaugural Speech? Do also parts of the Q-material in Matthew’s Sermon on the Mount originate from this speech? A new approach is to differentiate four groups of traditions in the Sermon on the Mount: a. the Inaugural Speech = common material in Luke and Matthew; b. the Q material in the Sermon on the Mount; c. “The triple-tradition”; d. the “Sondergut” in Matthew and Luke. A precise and comprehensive reconstruction of the Inaugural Speech as such is hardly possible, but the genre and the rhetorical outline of the Speech can to a large extent be reconstructed. The parallels in Mark, the Gospel of Thomas and particularly in the Epistle of James and in Justin’s Apology can also illuminate the genre and text behind Matthew and Luke. Reconstructions often have an element of speculation. Due to the existence of the Sermon on the Mount in Matthew and the Sermon on the Plain in Luke a reconstruction is necessary, possible and fruitful – at least if we take the parallels, the genre and the composition into account.","PeriodicalId":44277,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE NEUTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT UND DIE KUNDE DER ALTEREN KIRCHE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73758405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The author of Luke-Acts embraces the time-honored literary tradition, both Hebrew and Greek, of attaching thematic significance to the etymologies of proper names. The fact that these are sometimes false etymologies based on a homophone in a different language – e. g., the festival name Pascha = “suffering,” the place name Gaza = “treasure,” the personal name Jesus = “healer” – is in accord with the methods of this etymological practice. Luke’s false etymological association of the Hebrew name Jesus (Yeshua/Joshua – transliterated into Greek as Ἰησοῦς) with the Greek words for “healing” (ἴασις) and “to heal” (infinitive ἰῆσθαι), as bizarre as it may strike the modern philologist, serves as an implicit leitmotif that runs through the entirety of Luke-Acts (Luke 9,42; 14,3–4; 22,51; Acts 4,30; 9,34; 17,18).
{"title":"Jesus as Healer: Etymologizing of Proper Names in Luke-Acts","authors":"S. Reece","doi":"10.1515/znw-2019-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znw-2019-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The author of Luke-Acts embraces the time-honored literary tradition, both Hebrew and Greek, of attaching thematic significance to the etymologies of proper names. The fact that these are sometimes false etymologies based on a homophone in a different language – e. g., the festival name Pascha = “suffering,” the place name Gaza = “treasure,” the personal name Jesus = “healer” – is in accord with the methods of this etymological practice. Luke’s false etymological association of the Hebrew name Jesus (Yeshua/Joshua – transliterated into Greek as Ἰησοῦς) with the Greek words for “healing” (ἴασις) and “to heal” (infinitive ἰῆσθαι), as bizarre as it may strike the modern philologist, serves as an implicit leitmotif that runs through the entirety of Luke-Acts (Luke 9,42; 14,3–4; 22,51; Acts 4,30; 9,34; 17,18).","PeriodicalId":44277,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE NEUTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT UND DIE KUNDE DER ALTEREN KIRCHE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77971876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The conventional image of the Rome-friendly, politically apologetic Luke is increasingly questioned today. In order to be able to recognize a political attitude of Luke within the narratives of Luke-Acts, an evaluation of different textual complexes is necessary. The article first elaborates on Rome-critical features of the Lukan Birth narrative against the backdrop of the conception of the aurea aetas supporting the early Roman Principate, before considering the implications of the idea of Christ’s reign for the evaluation of imperial rule. It also addresses the dark sides of Roman rule in Luke and then discusses the political ambivalence in the tax question in Luke 20,20–26. The sword episodes in the Passion narrative do not allow any violent resistance. The Roman governors as representatives of Rome in the provinces appear in Luke as factors of uncertainty for the first Christians, while the hope for a good living with the Roman military rests on the centurions. The real political challenge, however, is the ethos of the Christian communities itself. The synopsis of the texts gives a differentiated picture of the attitude Luke takes towards the Roman Empire.
{"title":"Der politische Lukas. Zur kulturellen Interaktion des lukanischen Doppelwerks mit dem Imperium Romanum","authors":"S. Schreiber","doi":"10.1515/znw-2019-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znw-2019-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The conventional image of the Rome-friendly, politically apologetic Luke is increasingly questioned today. In order to be able to recognize a political attitude of Luke within the narratives of Luke-Acts, an evaluation of different textual complexes is necessary. The article first elaborates on Rome-critical features of the Lukan Birth narrative against the backdrop of the conception of the aurea aetas supporting the early Roman Principate, before considering the implications of the idea of Christ’s reign for the evaluation of imperial rule. It also addresses the dark sides of Roman rule in Luke and then discusses the political ambivalence in the tax question in Luke 20,20–26. The sword episodes in the Passion narrative do not allow any violent resistance. The Roman governors as representatives of Rome in the provinces appear in Luke as factors of uncertainty for the first Christians, while the hope for a good living with the Roman military rests on the centurions. The real political challenge, however, is the ethos of the Christian communities itself. The synopsis of the texts gives a differentiated picture of the attitude Luke takes towards the Roman Empire.","PeriodicalId":44277,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE NEUTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT UND DIE KUNDE DER ALTEREN KIRCHE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76153301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract There is considerable scholarly uneasiness concerning the interpretation of Paul’s ecstatic journey to heaven (2Cor 12,1–10) as a genuine element of the “fool’s speech” (2Cor 11,16–12,13). Unlike the passages wherein Paul describes his weaknesses, little importance is attached to this heavenly ascent. The present study analyses both the argumentative function of the heavenly ascent within the context of the “fool’s speech” and its transformative function with regards to Paul’s addressees. They both culminate in a changing of perspective: It is this view from above, achieved by means of his heavenly ascent, which allows Paul (and his readers) to understand his earthly existence in weakness as the very space wherein he receives a relational experience and revelation of Christ.
{"title":"Decline and Ascension. Paul’s Apostolic Self-Definition in 2Cor 12,1–10","authors":"Gudrun Nassauer","doi":"10.1515/znw-2019-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znw-2019-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is considerable scholarly uneasiness concerning the interpretation of Paul’s ecstatic journey to heaven (2Cor 12,1–10) as a genuine element of the “fool’s speech” (2Cor 11,16–12,13). Unlike the passages wherein Paul describes his weaknesses, little importance is attached to this heavenly ascent. The present study analyses both the argumentative function of the heavenly ascent within the context of the “fool’s speech” and its transformative function with regards to Paul’s addressees. They both culminate in a changing of perspective: It is this view from above, achieved by means of his heavenly ascent, which allows Paul (and his readers) to understand his earthly existence in weakness as the very space wherein he receives a relational experience and revelation of Christ.","PeriodicalId":44277,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE NEUTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT UND DIE KUNDE DER ALTEREN KIRCHE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76321793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eingegangene Bücher und Druckschriften","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/znw-2019-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znw-2019-0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44277,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE NEUTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT UND DIE KUNDE DER ALTEREN KIRCHE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73741093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In both Matthew and Luke, Satan offers Jesus “all the kingdoms of the world” in exchange for his obeisance. Only in Luke, however, does Satan make an intriguing claim about his “authority” over the kingdoms and his prerogative to “give” such “to whomever he wishes” (4:6). Richard Hays lamented in his recent Echoes of Scripture in the Gospels that this unique detail has not been given thorough attention in exegetical studies of Luke-Acts. This study takes up the question of Satan’s claim in detail and suggests that Satan’s words are informed by a phrase that appears multiple times in the book of Daniel: “the Most High is sovereign over the kingdom of mortals and gives it to whomever he wishes.” This intertextuality is important for the larger narrative of Luke-Acts in two respects. First, it presses the question of whether, from the perspective of the larger narrative, Satan’s claim is truthful. The article concludes that an answer to that question is not immediately clear; the narrative permits varied readings. Secondly, it is argued that the Danielic background of Luke 4:6 intensifies the Christological drama of the narrative. Jesus is here tested with what is legitimately his as Daniel’s “Son of Man,” and we soon find that he will receive such not from the hand of Satan but from obedience to God.
{"title":"God of the Nations: Daniel, Satan, and the Temptation of Jesus in Luke","authors":"T. S. Ferda","doi":"10.1515/ZNW-2019-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNW-2019-0001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In both Matthew and Luke, Satan offers Jesus “all the kingdoms of the world” in exchange for his obeisance. Only in Luke, however, does Satan make an intriguing claim about his “authority” over the kingdoms and his prerogative to “give” such “to whomever he wishes” (4:6). Richard Hays lamented in his recent Echoes of Scripture in the Gospels that this unique detail has not been given thorough attention in exegetical studies of Luke-Acts. This study takes up the question of Satan’s claim in detail and suggests that Satan’s words are informed by a phrase that appears multiple times in the book of Daniel: “the Most High is sovereign over the kingdom of mortals and gives it to whomever he wishes.” This intertextuality is important for the larger narrative of Luke-Acts in two respects. First, it presses the question of whether, from the perspective of the larger narrative, Satan’s claim is truthful. The article concludes that an answer to that question is not immediately clear; the narrative permits varied readings. Secondly, it is argued that the Danielic background of Luke 4:6 intensifies the Christological drama of the narrative. Jesus is here tested with what is legitimately his as Daniel’s “Son of Man,” and we soon find that he will receive such not from the hand of Satan but from obedience to God.","PeriodicalId":44277,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE NEUTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT UND DIE KUNDE DER ALTEREN KIRCHE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73000850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John 5:37–40 concerns a central problem of the Gospel of John: the relationship between understanding and faith. Translational choices appear to have had a strong influence on the interpretation of this passage. This contribution discusses alternative options for translating the passage. This alternative understanding of the passage allows the author to argue in favour of close links between John 5:37–40 and Jewish tradition.
{"title":"Verstehen und Glauben im Johannesevangelium: Ein alternativer Übersetzungsvorschlag für Joh 5,37–40","authors":"H. Förster","doi":"10.1515/znw-2019-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znw-2019-0006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000John 5:37–40 concerns a central problem of the Gospel of John: the relationship between understanding and faith. Translational choices appear to have had a strong influence on the interpretation of this passage. This contribution discusses alternative options for translating the passage. This alternative understanding of the passage allows the author to argue in favour of close links between John 5:37–40 and Jewish tradition.","PeriodicalId":44277,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE NEUTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT UND DIE KUNDE DER ALTEREN KIRCHE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85595274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The scriptural interpretation that pervades First Corinthians initiates a process of education and formation among the addressees: They must learn to employ Scripture as a standard for shaping their existence “in Christ.” In this regard, discussions over the meaning of Paul’s letter within the heterogeneous congregation are significant. Such discussions are stimulated through 1Cor 2:6–16 and 14:20–25, passages that lead the readers to a “mature” judgement concerning the gifts of God’s spirit as well as appropriate behaviour. To that end, they appeal to Scripture in a twofold way: First, an explicit citation substantiates Paul’s position in his debate with the Corinthians; second, an oblique reference – which, as soon as it is detected, helps to resolve the ambiguities in his reasoning – brings about agreement between him and those believers who are more familiar with Scripture. Apparently, only sufficient competence in interpreting and applying Scripture paves the way towards spiritual “maturity.”
{"title":"Durch Schriftkenntnis zur Vollkommenheit: Zur Funktion des vielgestaltigen Schriftgebrauchs in 1Kor 2,6–16 und 14,20–25","authors":"F. Wilk","doi":"10.1515/ZNW-2019-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNW-2019-0002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The scriptural interpretation that pervades First Corinthians initiates a process of education and formation among the addressees: They must learn to employ Scripture as a standard for shaping their existence “in Christ.” In this regard, discussions over the meaning of Paul’s letter within the heterogeneous congregation are significant. Such discussions are stimulated through 1Cor 2:6–16 and 14:20–25, passages that lead the readers to a “mature” judgement concerning the gifts of God’s spirit as well as appropriate behaviour. To that end, they appeal to Scripture in a twofold way: First, an explicit citation substantiates Paul’s position in his debate with the Corinthians; second, an oblique reference – which, as soon as it is detected, helps to resolve the ambiguities in his reasoning – brings about agreement between him and those believers who are more familiar with Scripture. Apparently, only sufficient competence in interpreting and applying Scripture paves the way towards spiritual “maturity.”","PeriodicalId":44277,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE NEUTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT UND DIE KUNDE DER ALTEREN KIRCHE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91355658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.1515/znw-2019-frontmatter1
{"title":"Titelseiten","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/znw-2019-frontmatter1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znw-2019-frontmatter1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44277,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE NEUTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT UND DIE KUNDE DER ALTEREN KIRCHE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72625151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scholarship is divided on the referent of πνεῦμα in Mark 14,38. Most scholars (mainly English and French) favour an anthropological referent while a minority (some English and most German scholars) supports a divine referent. This study proposes that 14,38 refers to the divine spirit and that, in the broader context of Mark 13, the intended comparison is not of an inner human struggle but the contrast between two kinds of human existence. Members of the Jesus group can rely on divine assistance in testing situations while non-members have no access to this divine resource.
学术界以马可福音14:38中的πνε ο μα为参照来划分。大多数学者(主要是英国和法国)赞成人类学参考物，而少数学者(一些英国和大多数德国学者)支持神圣参考物。这项研究提出，14,38指的是神圣的精神，在马可福音13章更广泛的背景下，有意的比较不是人类内心的斗争，而是两种人类存在之间的对比。耶稣小组的成员可以依靠神的帮助在考验的情况下，而非成员无法获得这种神圣的资源。
{"title":"Whose Spirit is Eager? The Referent of Πνεῦμα in Mark 14,38 and the Intended Comparison","authors":"C. Bennema","doi":"10.1515/ZNW-2019-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNW-2019-0005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Scholarship is divided on the referent of πνεῦμα in Mark 14,38. Most scholars (mainly English and French) favour an anthropological referent while a minority (some English and most German scholars) supports a divine referent. This study proposes that 14,38 refers to the divine spirit and that, in the broader context of Mark 13, the intended comparison is not of an inner human struggle but the contrast between two kinds of human existence. Members of the Jesus group can rely on divine assistance in testing situations while non-members have no access to this divine resource.","PeriodicalId":44277,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE NEUTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT UND DIE KUNDE DER ALTEREN KIRCHE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88131291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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