Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.2.016
O. Chernova
The recovery growth of regional economies after shocks can be expressed both in a return to the initial state and in a new development trajectory. Many researchers associate the direction of the movement caused by the shock with sectoral transformations, considering structural proportions in the economy as the main factor in regional resilience. This study aims to analyze the recovery growth trajectory of Russian regions in the post-pandemic period, as well as to find out whether shifts in the sectoral structure of their economies have affected it. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that the vector of regional development is determined by the changes in the sectoral structure of the region that occurred during the crisis. Research methods included: analysis of the deviations of the actual values of GRP and employment indicators from their possible values, defined as a continuation of the trend of economic development in the pre-shock period; comparison of changes in the indicators of the economic development of regions with changes in the growth rates of individual sectors of the economy: industry, agriculture, construction, transport, trade and services. The results of the study showed significant differences in the speed and nature of recovery processes in Russia's regions. The vast majority of regions returned to the pre-shock trajectory of development. At the same time, some regions could not cope with the shocks of the corona crisis and saw their socio-economic situation worsen, while some showed a “leap forward” with higher development indicators. The author comes to the following conclusions: 1) sectoral transformations of the regional economy during the crisis are not decisive in determining the trajectory of the recovery movement and a “favorable” change in the sectoral structure can be neutralized by the influence of other factors; 2) the high vulnerability of the region's economy and its individual industries to shock events does not mean a longer period of recovery growth. From a practical point of view, this is important for understanding what aspects of sustainability may be relevant for the post-crisis recovery of the regional economy. The theoretical significance of the study is expressed in the expansion of ideas about the factors of regional resilience.
{"title":"The Resilience of Russia's Regions in the Conditions of Recovery Growth: Bouncing Forward or Bouncing Back?","authors":"O. Chernova","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.2.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.2.016","url":null,"abstract":"The recovery growth of regional economies after shocks can be expressed both in a return to the initial state and in a new development trajectory. Many researchers associate the direction of the movement caused by the shock with sectoral transformations, considering structural proportions in the economy as the main factor in regional resilience. This study aims to analyze the recovery growth trajectory of Russian regions in the post-pandemic period, as well as to find out whether shifts in the sectoral structure of their economies have affected it. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that the vector of regional development is determined by the changes in the sectoral structure of the region that occurred during the crisis. Research methods included: analysis of the deviations of the actual values of GRP and employment indicators from their possible values, defined as a continuation of the trend of economic development in the pre-shock period; comparison of changes in the indicators of the economic development of regions with changes in the growth rates of individual sectors of the economy: industry, agriculture, construction, transport, trade and services. The results of the study showed significant differences in the speed and nature of recovery processes in Russia's regions. The vast majority of regions returned to the pre-shock trajectory of development. At the same time, some regions could not cope with the shocks of the corona crisis and saw their socio-economic situation worsen, while some showed a “leap forward” with higher development indicators. The author comes to the following conclusions: 1) sectoral transformations of the regional economy during the crisis are not decisive in determining the trajectory of the recovery movement and a “favorable” change in the sectoral structure can be neutralized by the influence of other factors; 2) the high vulnerability of the region's economy and its individual industries to shock events does not mean a longer period of recovery growth. From a practical point of view, this is important for understanding what aspects of sustainability may be relevant for the post-crisis recovery of the regional economy. The theoretical significance of the study is expressed in the expansion of ideas about the factors of regional resilience.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88371645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.1.009
M. S. D. Dahel, V. Koksharov, G. Agarkov
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the economy at all levels, from global markets to micro-enterprises. At the same time, the pandemic and its consequences have left a wide digital footprint. Its study seems to be extremely relevant, since approaches to the analysis of the digital footprint of a pandemic and the use of its results for risk management can be successfully applied in the event of similar threats. The relevance of the problem is also recognized by economists who note the significant impact of the pandemic on the economy and economic theory in general. The aim of the study is to develop approaches to the rapid quantitative assessment of the impact of the pandemic on the university based on the data of accounting financial systems, their testing and generation of proposals for minimizing the risks of financial and economic activities. The scientific hypothesis of the study is that based on the analysis of data transmitted to the social insurance fund on the disability of employees, the effectiveness of risk management of financial and economic activities in a pandemic at the university level can be improved. Growth in efficiency is ensured by adjusting plans to minimize risks, taking into account the heterogeneity of the impact of the pandemic on employees depending on age, gender, and belonging to the category of personnel. For data integration and analysis, the authors used Data Science approaches. Using the data of Ural Federal University as an example, the information content of the analyzed data is shown and what management decisions to minimize risks can be made on their basis. An approach to the quantitative analysis of the impact of the pandemic on employees of a legal entity is proposed. The effectiveness of using distance learning to counter the pandemic, the vulnerability to the pandemic of certain categories of employees, the gender structure of disability are demonstrated. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the development of approaches to the use of financial information to improve risk management. The information obtained can be applied in practice, in particular, to clarify the calculation of reserves, improve technical specifications in the development of information systems.
{"title":"Applying Financial Information to Manage Corporate Risks from the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"M. S. D. Dahel, V. Koksharov, G. Agarkov","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.1.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.1.009","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the economy at all levels, from global markets to micro-enterprises. At the same time, the pandemic and its consequences have left a wide digital footprint. Its study seems to be extremely relevant, since approaches to the analysis of the digital footprint of a pandemic and the use of its results for risk management can be successfully applied in the event of similar threats. The relevance of the problem is also recognized by economists who note the significant impact of the pandemic on the economy and economic theory in general. The aim of the study is to develop approaches to the rapid quantitative assessment of the impact of the pandemic on the university based on the data of accounting financial systems, their testing and generation of proposals for minimizing the risks of financial and economic activities. The scientific hypothesis of the study is that based on the analysis of data transmitted to the social insurance fund on the disability of employees, the effectiveness of risk management of financial and economic activities in a pandemic at the university level can be improved. Growth in efficiency is ensured by adjusting plans to minimize risks, taking into account the heterogeneity of the impact of the pandemic on employees depending on age, gender, and belonging to the category of personnel. For data integration and analysis, the authors used Data Science approaches. Using the data of Ural Federal University as an example, the information content of the analyzed data is shown and what management decisions to minimize risks can be made on their basis. An approach to the quantitative analysis of the impact of the pandemic on employees of a legal entity is proposed. The effectiveness of using distance learning to counter the pandemic, the vulnerability to the pandemic of certain categories of employees, the gender structure of disability are demonstrated. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the development of approaches to the use of financial information to improve risk management. The information obtained can be applied in practice, in particular, to clarify the calculation of reserves, improve technical specifications in the development of information systems.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90530849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.021
Nelly S. Kolyan, Alexander E. Plesovskikh, Roman V. Gordeev
In recent decades, the global adoption of alternative fuel vehicles, which may contribute to carbon emission reduction due to the use of alternative energy sources has stirred particular interest. Despite a significant body of scientific literature in Russia about electric vehicle adoption, the approaches used in papers lack quantitative estimates of the Russian market's potential. This paper aims to fill this gap as it provides a long-term electric vehicle market forecast in Russia as well as assesses the environmental effects. The following hypotheses are tested: (1) the Bass model is applicable to predict the long-term electric vehicle diffusion process in Russia; (2) the transition to electric cars will have a significant impact on greenhouse gas emission reduction. The Bass model, a widely used tool for predicting the innovation diffusion process, serves as a methodological base for the research. The long-term forecast of the Russian electric car fleet includes several scenarios. The most realistic scenario suggests that the Russian electric vehicle market is estimated to grow, reaching 5.62 million units by 2060. Furthermore, the environmental effects associated with electric vehicle adoption were identified. Two scenarios for changes in the energy generation structure were taken into consideration. The expected carbon emission reduction is estimated to reach 14.08 million tons in CO2-eq. if an accelerated transition to low-carbon energy sources is implemented, the baseline scenario suggests 12.86 million tons in CO2-eq. carbon emission reduction. The estimates of the transport diffusion in Russia as well as of environmental effects associated with this process form the theoretical value of the study. The practical significance of the study suggests developing electric vehicle demand forecasts that might be utilized while implementing measures to achieve goals stated in the Strategy of Social and Economic Development with a Low Level of Greenhouse Gas Emissions until 2050 in the Russian Federation.
{"title":"Predictive Assessment of the Potential Electric Vehicle Market and the Effects of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Russia","authors":"Nelly S. Kolyan, Alexander E. Plesovskikh, Roman V. Gordeev","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.021","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, the global adoption of alternative fuel vehicles, which may contribute to carbon emission reduction due to the use of alternative energy sources has stirred particular interest. Despite a significant body of scientific literature in Russia about electric vehicle adoption, the approaches used in papers lack quantitative estimates of the Russian market's potential. This paper aims to fill this gap as it provides a long-term electric vehicle market forecast in Russia as well as assesses the environmental effects. The following hypotheses are tested: (1) the Bass model is applicable to predict the long-term electric vehicle diffusion process in Russia; (2) the transition to electric cars will have a significant impact on greenhouse gas emission reduction. The Bass model, a widely used tool for predicting the innovation diffusion process, serves as a methodological base for the research. The long-term forecast of the Russian electric car fleet includes several scenarios. The most realistic scenario suggests that the Russian electric vehicle market is estimated to grow, reaching 5.62 million units by 2060. Furthermore, the environmental effects associated with electric vehicle adoption were identified. Two scenarios for changes in the energy generation structure were taken into consideration. The expected carbon emission reduction is estimated to reach 14.08 million tons in CO2-eq. if an accelerated transition to low-carbon energy sources is implemented, the baseline scenario suggests 12.86 million tons in CO2-eq. carbon emission reduction. The estimates of the transport diffusion in Russia as well as of environmental effects associated with this process form the theoretical value of the study. The practical significance of the study suggests developing electric vehicle demand forecasts that might be utilized while implementing measures to achieve goals stated in the Strategy of Social and Economic Development with a Low Level of Greenhouse Gas Emissions until 2050 in the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135908267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.024
Natalia V. Starodubets, Irina S. Belik, Natalia L. Nikulina, Tamila T. Alikberova
The achievement of the targets of reducing greenhouse gas emissions is ensured, among other things, through direct price regulation measures, for the implementation of which a necessary condition is the calculation of the carbon footprint of products. At the same time, carbon footprint targets can be used as driving parameters to set industry targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, as well as to provide government support measures for enterprises. The aim of the work is to develop a methodological approach to the use of the «carbon footprint of products» indicator as a parameter for assessing the current and forecast values of greenhouse gas emissions from enterprises in industries that are subject to carbon regulation. The hypothesis of the study is to justify the use of target values of the indicator «carbon footprint of products» for strategic estimates of greenhouse gas emissions in the process of industrial decarbonization. For this purpose, the paper considers the organizational and economic mechanism of the European emissions trading system. A methodical approach to determining the carbon footprint of metallurgical products is described, and calculations of the carbon footprint of metallurgical enterprises in the Sverdlovsk region are performed. Calculations based on average indicators of the carbon intensity of products of Russian metallurgical enterprises showed that the total carbon footprint of the metallurgical sector of the Sverdlovsk region in 2021 is 21.8 million tons of CO2-eq; its target value may be 16.7 million tons of CO2-eq . Differences in values are due to the existing structure of manufactured products and applied technologies. The development of standard metrics for assessing greenhouse gas emissions at the enterprise level, regularly conducting such an assessment and its verification by an independent organization may constitute a preparatory stage that makes it possible to launch a mechanism for trading greenhouse gas emissions at the regional or country level. Additionally, the carbon footprint of products can act as a control parameter while establishing quantitative values for the volume of greenhouse gas emission reductions. The proposed methodological approach can be used by decision makers to shape regional decarbonization policies.
{"title":"Assessment and Forecasting of Metallurgical Enterprises Carbon Footprint in the Sverdlovsk Region","authors":"Natalia V. Starodubets, Irina S. Belik, Natalia L. Nikulina, Tamila T. Alikberova","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.024","url":null,"abstract":"The achievement of the targets of reducing greenhouse gas emissions is ensured, among other things, through direct price regulation measures, for the implementation of which a necessary condition is the calculation of the carbon footprint of products. At the same time, carbon footprint targets can be used as driving parameters to set industry targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, as well as to provide government support measures for enterprises. The aim of the work is to develop a methodological approach to the use of the «carbon footprint of products» indicator as a parameter for assessing the current and forecast values of greenhouse gas emissions from enterprises in industries that are subject to carbon regulation. The hypothesis of the study is to justify the use of target values of the indicator «carbon footprint of products» for strategic estimates of greenhouse gas emissions in the process of industrial decarbonization. For this purpose, the paper considers the organizational and economic mechanism of the European emissions trading system. A methodical approach to determining the carbon footprint of metallurgical products is described, and calculations of the carbon footprint of metallurgical enterprises in the Sverdlovsk region are performed. Calculations based on average indicators of the carbon intensity of products of Russian metallurgical enterprises showed that the total carbon footprint of the metallurgical sector of the Sverdlovsk region in 2021 is 21.8 million tons of CO2-eq; its target value may be 16.7 million tons of CO2-eq . Differences in values are due to the existing structure of manufactured products and applied technologies. The development of standard metrics for assessing greenhouse gas emissions at the enterprise level, regularly conducting such an assessment and its verification by an independent organization may constitute a preparatory stage that makes it possible to launch a mechanism for trading greenhouse gas emissions at the regional or country level. Additionally, the carbon footprint of products can act as a control parameter while establishing quantitative values for the volume of greenhouse gas emission reductions. The proposed methodological approach can be used by decision makers to shape regional decarbonization policies.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135909663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.2.010
J. Okrah, A. Nepp
It is estimated that over 80% of the world's population identifies with a religious group. Religious beliefs can influence people's attitudes towards science, technology, and progress. Religious institutions can also provide resources and support for innovation. This means that religion has a significant impact on the lives of billions of people. The purpose of the article is to explore the impact of different religious traditions and the level of education of the population on innovative activity in countries with different income levels. The study formulated and confirmed three hypotheses: (1) Different religious institutions influence innovation differently; (2) Spreading of education enhances the positive effect of patent activity while the lack of education, on the contrary, weakens this effect; (3) Growth in religious diversity positively influences patent activity. The authors use panel data for 46 countries for the period between 1996 and 2016 and employ the fixed effects estimation. The results indicate that the spread of education among Protestants changed their attitude to the protection of property rights and, thus, increased the positive influence of the latter on patent activity. The growth of religious diversity, usually associated with greater tolerance in society, strengthens the positive influence of Protestantism. Our findings are consistent with the idea that religious institutions can influence innovation in different ways. Protestantism may be more conducive to innovation because it emphasizes the importance of individual freedom and creativity. Religious diversity may be beneficial for innovation because it can lead to greater tolerance and understanding.
{"title":"The Impact of Religious Traditions and Education Levels on Innovation Activity in Countries with Different Income Levels","authors":"J. Okrah, A. Nepp","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.2.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.2.010","url":null,"abstract":"It is estimated that over 80% of the world's population identifies with a religious group. Religious beliefs can influence people's attitudes towards science, technology, and progress. Religious institutions can also provide resources and support for innovation. This means that religion has a significant impact on the lives of billions of people. The purpose of the article is to explore the impact of different religious traditions and the level of education of the population on innovative activity in countries with different income levels. The study formulated and confirmed three hypotheses: (1) Different religious institutions influence innovation differently; (2) Spreading of education enhances the positive effect of patent activity while the lack of education, on the contrary, weakens this effect; (3) Growth in religious diversity positively influences patent activity. The authors use panel data for 46 countries for the period between 1996 and 2016 and employ the fixed effects estimation. The results indicate that the spread of education among Protestants changed their attitude to the protection of property rights and, thus, increased the positive influence of the latter on patent activity. The growth of religious diversity, usually associated with greater tolerance in society, strengthens the positive influence of Protestantism. Our findings are consistent with the idea that religious institutions can influence innovation in different ways. Protestantism may be more conducive to innovation because it emphasizes the importance of individual freedom and creativity. Religious diversity may be beneficial for innovation because it can lead to greater tolerance and understanding.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79662633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.022
Milyausha R. Pinskaya, Yuliya A. Steshenko, Kermen N. Tsagan-Mandzhieva
Investment is one of the most important factors determining economic fluctuations in the short term and economic growth in the long term. For this reason, governments in many countries have long been engaged in developing policies aimed at increasing business investment activity, with investment tax incentives being one of the main tools used. Russia currently has many investment-oriented tax incentives, which creates a special need for a comprehensive assessment of their effectiveness. The aim of the study is to develop and test a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of investment tax incentives, with the help of which it is possible to determine whether the benefit brings a positive effect both for the beneficiary and for the state. The hypothesis of the study is that the evaluation of the effectiveness of investment tax incentives can be carried out based on financial and economic data about the company. In this study, we searched for examples of evaluating the effectiveness of investment tax incentives in the context of each company that is the beneficiary of the incentive in the works of foreign scientists and at the state level. It is concluded that in most countries with a high level of assessment of the effectiveness of tax expenditures, such methods are not used. As a result of the study, a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of investment tax incentives was proposed and tested, which involves an analysis of the application of incentives by operating organizations. The methodology focuses on indicators of financial and economic analysis; the assessment is carried out based on indicators determined at the level of the beneficiary and characterizing the effectiveness of the use of these benefits both for the state (fiscal efficiency) and for the taxpayer (economic efficiency). The value of the study is determined by the proposals to improve the analytical system “Effectiveness of Benefits”, already launched in 2022, which is unlike any other in the world. The results of the work are of interest to government agencies and non-profit organizations to diagnose the effect of the use of benefits.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Investment Tax Incentives in Russia","authors":"Milyausha R. Pinskaya, Yuliya A. Steshenko, Kermen N. Tsagan-Mandzhieva","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.022","url":null,"abstract":"Investment is one of the most important factors determining economic fluctuations in the short term and economic growth in the long term. For this reason, governments in many countries have long been engaged in developing policies aimed at increasing business investment activity, with investment tax incentives being one of the main tools used. Russia currently has many investment-oriented tax incentives, which creates a special need for a comprehensive assessment of their effectiveness. The aim of the study is to develop and test a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of investment tax incentives, with the help of which it is possible to determine whether the benefit brings a positive effect both for the beneficiary and for the state. The hypothesis of the study is that the evaluation of the effectiveness of investment tax incentives can be carried out based on financial and economic data about the company. In this study, we searched for examples of evaluating the effectiveness of investment tax incentives in the context of each company that is the beneficiary of the incentive in the works of foreign scientists and at the state level. It is concluded that in most countries with a high level of assessment of the effectiveness of tax expenditures, such methods are not used. As a result of the study, a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of investment tax incentives was proposed and tested, which involves an analysis of the application of incentives by operating organizations. The methodology focuses on indicators of financial and economic analysis; the assessment is carried out based on indicators determined at the level of the beneficiary and characterizing the effectiveness of the use of these benefits both for the state (fiscal efficiency) and for the taxpayer (economic efficiency). The value of the study is determined by the proposals to improve the analytical system “Effectiveness of Benefits”, already launched in 2022, which is unlike any other in the world. The results of the work are of interest to government agencies and non-profit organizations to diagnose the effect of the use of benefits.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135908031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.026
Ilya V. Naumov, Sergey S. Krasnykh
The study of the scientific and technological development of Russia's regions is important for several reasons. Firstly, the development of advanced production technologies is crucial for enhancing the competitiveness of Russian industry and ensuring the country's technological sovereignty. Secondly, analyzing the impact of science expenditures, the number of researchers and the number of organizations on the development of advanced technologies will help to identify the factors that either promote or hinder scientific and technological progress in different regions. This, in turn, can serve as the basis for developing proposals to update the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation, as well as the development strategies of federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the dynamics of the regions' R&D potential on the dynamics of advanced production technologies developed within those regions using spatial modelling methods. The following hypothesis has been proposed - increasing budget expenditures on science and technology has a positive impact on the development of advanced manufacturing technologies in Russian regions. The novelty of the methodological approach lies in the use of spatial modelling methods applying several spatial weight matrices. In the course of the study, it was confirmed that the dynamics of the newly developed advanced production technologies is positively influenced by the engineering and technical personnel based in the neighboring regions who are engaged in research and development, as well as by the financial resources allocated to scientific organizations of the surrounding regions to conduct fundamental research. According to Durbin's model, the number of R&D organizations operating in the surrounding regions and the amount of funding allocated for applied research and development have a negative impact on the dynamics of developed advanced technologies. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the identification of factors affecting the creation of domestic advanced manufacturing technologies. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using these results to form strategies to promote scientific and technological development of the regions of the Russian Federation under modern conditions.
{"title":"Spatial Modelling of the Impact of R&D Potential on the Dynamics of Scientific and Technological Development of Russian Regions","authors":"Ilya V. Naumov, Sergey S. Krasnykh","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.026","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the scientific and technological development of Russia's regions is important for several reasons. Firstly, the development of advanced production technologies is crucial for enhancing the competitiveness of Russian industry and ensuring the country's technological sovereignty. Secondly, analyzing the impact of science expenditures, the number of researchers and the number of organizations on the development of advanced technologies will help to identify the factors that either promote or hinder scientific and technological progress in different regions. This, in turn, can serve as the basis for developing proposals to update the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation, as well as the development strategies of federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the dynamics of the regions' R&D potential on the dynamics of advanced production technologies developed within those regions using spatial modelling methods. The following hypothesis has been proposed - increasing budget expenditures on science and technology has a positive impact on the development of advanced manufacturing technologies in Russian regions. The novelty of the methodological approach lies in the use of spatial modelling methods applying several spatial weight matrices. In the course of the study, it was confirmed that the dynamics of the newly developed advanced production technologies is positively influenced by the engineering and technical personnel based in the neighboring regions who are engaged in research and development, as well as by the financial resources allocated to scientific organizations of the surrounding regions to conduct fundamental research. According to Durbin's model, the number of R&D organizations operating in the surrounding regions and the amount of funding allocated for applied research and development have a negative impact on the dynamics of developed advanced technologies. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the identification of factors affecting the creation of domestic advanced manufacturing technologies. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using these results to form strategies to promote scientific and technological development of the regions of the Russian Federation under modern conditions.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135908259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.028
Tatiana Yu. Kudryavtseva, Angi E. Skhvediani, Maiia S. Leukhina, Alexandra O. Schneider
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have limited resources for balancing risks which occur during international activities. The main hypothesis tested in this research is that the qualification of employees is the main area of personnel risks in cross–border cooperation. The fuzzy-logic model for personnel risks analysis was developed for quantification of the risks related to international activities. First, different risk factors and their elements were identified and formulated as linguistic variables. Second, with the use of experts’ judgments, a fuzzy logic-based system was constructed and evaluated. Risk level was calculated using MATLAB fuzzy logic toolbox and its factors were ranked accordingly. This model was applied to survey data from SMEs on Russia-Finland import-export operations during the 2020 – 2021 period. The personnel risk related to export-import Russia - Finland operations belonged to the above-average risk levels. Based on a more detailed analysis of risk elements, such elements as personnel development and training had the greatest coefficient and is an obvious high-risk area. The second highest value of the risk coefficient belonged to the element associated with personnel management. The lowest value belonged to elements related to motivation and recruitment processes. Therefore, theoretical contribution of the article is a model which allows us to quantify and identify micro-level personnel related risks in cross-border cooperation and present linguistic interpretation of these risks. This model can be use in practice by managers of specific SMEs or policy makers for obtaining broader and more representative results on risks related to international activities.
{"title":"A Fuzzy Model for Personnel Risk Analysis: Case of Russian-Finnish Export-Import Operations of Small and Medium Enterprises","authors":"Tatiana Yu. Kudryavtseva, Angi E. Skhvediani, Maiia S. Leukhina, Alexandra O. Schneider","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.028","url":null,"abstract":"Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have limited resources for balancing risks which occur during international activities. The main hypothesis tested in this research is that the qualification of employees is the main area of personnel risks in cross–border cooperation. The fuzzy-logic model for personnel risks analysis was developed for quantification of the risks related to international activities. First, different risk factors and their elements were identified and formulated as linguistic variables. Second, with the use of experts’ judgments, a fuzzy logic-based system was constructed and evaluated. Risk level was calculated using MATLAB fuzzy logic toolbox and its factors were ranked accordingly. This model was applied to survey data from SMEs on Russia-Finland import-export operations during the 2020 – 2021 period. The personnel risk related to export-import Russia - Finland operations belonged to the above-average risk levels. Based on a more detailed analysis of risk elements, such elements as personnel development and training had the greatest coefficient and is an obvious high-risk area. The second highest value of the risk coefficient belonged to the element associated with personnel management. The lowest value belonged to elements related to motivation and recruitment processes. Therefore, theoretical contribution of the article is a model which allows us to quantify and identify micro-level personnel related risks in cross-border cooperation and present linguistic interpretation of these risks. This model can be use in practice by managers of specific SMEs or policy makers for obtaining broader and more representative results on risks related to international activities.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135909658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.1.004
T. Kudryavtseva, K. Kozhina, G. Prause, E. Olaniyi
To increase production efficiency at industrial enterprises, various digital technologies have recently been used, which have various effects: reduction of time, money, material costs, reduction of the production cycle, productivity growth. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the efficiency of the digitalization of garment production, determine the effects and risks of a digitalization project. The digitalization project was carried out using the radio-frequency identification technology to monitor the sequential processes of garment making.This study tests a hypothesis that the use of digital technologies leads to a reduction in time losses and an increase in labor productivity. During the study, the time of the production process was measured. Further on, the possible reduction of time losses due to the introduction of digital technology under the conditions of existing production capacities is calculated. Time losses were used for additional production, which leads to a change in the company's cash flows. As a result, the performance indicators of the investment project were calculated, and its risks were assessed using sensitivity analysis.The theoretical significance is in determining the economic indicators that are affected by the introduction of digital technology in the garment industry. The introduction of the radio-frequency identification technology makes it possible to monitor the parameters of the production process, which helped to reduce time loss by 50%, decrease the labor intensity of the product and increase the productivity of the enterprise's personnel by 30%. The implementation of digitalization projects has risks for companies. To minimize possible risks that could arise, sustainable mitigating solutions were proffered.
{"title":"Assessment of Economic Efficiency, Effects and Risks of Digitalization Projects of Garment Industry in Russia","authors":"T. Kudryavtseva, K. Kozhina, G. Prause, E. Olaniyi","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.1.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.1.004","url":null,"abstract":"To increase production efficiency at industrial enterprises, various digital technologies have recently been used, which have various effects: reduction of time, money, material costs, reduction of the production cycle, productivity growth. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the efficiency of the digitalization of garment production, determine the effects and risks of a digitalization project. The digitalization project was carried out using the radio-frequency identification technology to monitor the sequential processes of garment making.This study tests a hypothesis that the use of digital technologies leads to a reduction in time losses and an increase in labor productivity. During the study, the time of the production process was measured. Further on, the possible reduction of time losses due to the introduction of digital technology under the conditions of existing production capacities is calculated. Time losses were used for additional production, which leads to a change in the company's cash flows. As a result, the performance indicators of the investment project were calculated, and its risks were assessed using sensitivity analysis.The theoretical significance is in determining the economic indicators that are affected by the introduction of digital technology in the garment industry. The introduction of the radio-frequency identification technology makes it possible to monitor the parameters of the production process, which helped to reduce time loss by 50%, decrease the labor intensity of the product and increase the productivity of the enterprise's personnel by 30%. The implementation of digitalization projects has risks for companies. To minimize possible risks that could arise, sustainable mitigating solutions were proffered.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88962253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.027
Roman A. Zhukov, Maria A. Plinskaya, Evgeny V. Manokhin
When modeling the growth of a regional economy by means of production functions, a problem arises of choosing models, factors and methods for adjusting cost characteristics in order to obtain adequate and accurate models, as well as the formation of integral and partial indicators of performance that provide a correct assessment and analysis of the performance of the regions of Russia. Such a problem becomes especially significant if the models are adequate and accurate, and, consequently, the process under study is invariant with respect to the models, factors and calculation methods used. The aim of the study is to estimate the results of the regions' performance on the basis of production functions, provided that the process of changing the volume of GDP by region is invariant with respect to models, factors and methods of bringing them to a comparable form when modeling the growth of the Russia regional economy. The hypothesis of the investigation is the invariance of the process of the change of the volume of GDP by region relative to the models, factors and methods used to bring the cost indicators to a comparable form. The study used data on the CFD regions (2007–2020). As a result, five models were constructed, the factors of which were calculated in five different ways, taking into account both price changes and average annual characteristics. It was determined that partial indicators have similar dynamics. At the same time, statistical tests and the author's methodology for choosing a model that would take into account the priorities of regional development did not allow for identifying the best of them. This allowed us to conclude that the process under study is invariant with respect to the models and correction techniques used. To solve the problem of choosing models for evaluating the regions' performance results, it is proposed that an integral performance indicator should be applied that summarizes the calculation methods used. This would reduce the influence of subjectivity of such a choice. The theoretical significance lies in the possibility of applying the methodology to form integral and partial indicators of performance for arbitrary socio-economic systems. The practical significance of the conducted research lies in the fact that the results obtained can be used to design activities that would be aimed at ensuring the CFD regions' sustainable development.
{"title":"Assessment of the Regions Functioning Based on Production Functions with the Above Cost Factors","authors":"Roman A. Zhukov, Maria A. Plinskaya, Evgeny V. Manokhin","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.027","url":null,"abstract":"When modeling the growth of a regional economy by means of production functions, a problem arises of choosing models, factors and methods for adjusting cost characteristics in order to obtain adequate and accurate models, as well as the formation of integral and partial indicators of performance that provide a correct assessment and analysis of the performance of the regions of Russia. Such a problem becomes especially significant if the models are adequate and accurate, and, consequently, the process under study is invariant with respect to the models, factors and calculation methods used. The aim of the study is to estimate the results of the regions' performance on the basis of production functions, provided that the process of changing the volume of GDP by region is invariant with respect to models, factors and methods of bringing them to a comparable form when modeling the growth of the Russia regional economy. The hypothesis of the investigation is the invariance of the process of the change of the volume of GDP by region relative to the models, factors and methods used to bring the cost indicators to a comparable form. The study used data on the CFD regions (2007–2020). As a result, five models were constructed, the factors of which were calculated in five different ways, taking into account both price changes and average annual characteristics. It was determined that partial indicators have similar dynamics. At the same time, statistical tests and the author's methodology for choosing a model that would take into account the priorities of regional development did not allow for identifying the best of them. This allowed us to conclude that the process under study is invariant with respect to the models and correction techniques used. To solve the problem of choosing models for evaluating the regions' performance results, it is proposed that an integral performance indicator should be applied that summarizes the calculation methods used. This would reduce the influence of subjectivity of such a choice. The theoretical significance lies in the possibility of applying the methodology to form integral and partial indicators of performance for arbitrary socio-economic systems. The practical significance of the conducted research lies in the fact that the results obtained can be used to design activities that would be aimed at ensuring the CFD regions' sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135908029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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